Nbl glucosamine chondroitin. A useful dietary supplement with a unique set of active substances - Chondroitin Glucosamine: instructions for use, price, reviews, analogues of the combined product

Formula: C6H13NO5 + n, chemical name: 2-Amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose + Chondroitin-4-(hydrogen sulfate) (as sodium salt).
Pharmacological group: correctors of cartilage and bone tissue metabolism in combinations.
Pharmachologic effect: anti-inflammatory, chondroprotective, stimulating the regeneration of cartilage tissue, analgesic, chondrostimulating.

Pharmacological properties

Stimulates the restoration of cartilage tissue. Chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine are involved in the formation of connective tissue and help prevent cartilage destruction. The use of exogenous glucosamine stimulates the formation of cartilage matrix and protects cartilage from chemical damage. Glucosamine, as a sulfate salt, is a precursor to hexosamine, and the sulfate anion is needed for the production of glycosaminoglycans. Another possible property of glucosamine is protection against the metabolic destruction of damaged cartilage that is caused by glucocorticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as the presence of its own moderate anti-inflammatory effect. Chondroitin sulfate is an additional substrate for the synthesis of healthy cartilage matrix, whether it is supplied to the body as separate components or as an intact form. Enhances the synthesis of proteoglycans, hyaluronon and type 2 collagen, protects hyaluronon from breakdown by enzymes (the activity of the hyaluronidase enzyme is suppressed) and from the negative effects of free radicals; maintains the viscosity of the joint fluid, enhances cartilage repair and reduces the activity of enzymes involved in the breakdown of cartilage (hyaluronidase, elastase). During the treatment of osteoarthritis, it reduces the manifestation of the disease and also reduces the need for taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The bioavailability of glucosamine when taken orally is 25% (due to first-pass effects through the liver). Distributed in tissues: maximum concentrations are found in articular cartilage, kidneys and liver. Approximately 30% of the dose taken persists for a long time in muscle and bone tissue. It is mainly excreted unchanged in urine, a little in feces. The half-life is 68 hours. When taken orally 0.8 grams (or 0.4 grams 2 times a day), the content of chondroitin sulfate in plasma increases during the day. Absolute bioavailability is 12%. About 20 and 10% of the dose taken are absorbed as low molecular weight and high molecular weight derivatives, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution is approximately 0.44 ml/g. During desulfurization processes it is metabolized. Excreted in urine. The half-life is 310 minutes.

Indications

Osteoarthritis grades 1–3.

Method of use of glucosamine + chondroitin sulfate and dose

The drug is taken orally 20 minutes before meals with a glass of water. Adults and children over 15 years of age: 2 – 3 times a day, 2 capsules (based on glucosamine sulfate 250 mg + chondroitin sulfate 200 mg per capsule); The duration of therapy is 1–2 months; if necessary, the course of treatment can be repeated.
If you miss the next dose of the drug, take it as you remember, then take it after the time specified by the doctor from the last use. If undesirable effects from the digestive system appear, the dose of the drug should be reduced by 2 times, and if there is no improvement, then the drug should be discontinued. If there are no clinical effects when taking 4 capsules per day for 4 weeks, then the diagnosis needs to be clarified.

Contraindications for use

Hypersensitivity, phenylketonuria.

Restrictions on use

No data.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

The use of the drug is contraindicated during breastfeeding and pregnancy.

Side effects of glucosamine + chondroitin sulfate

Glucosamine: disruption of the digestive system (epigastric pain, diarrhea, flatulence, constipation), allergic skin reactions, headache, peripheral edema, leg pain, dizziness, insomnia, drowsiness, tachycardia. Chondroitin sulfate: allergic reactions.

Interaction of glucosamine + chondroitin sulfate with other substances

Increases the absorption of tetracyclines, reduces the effects of semisynthetic penicillins. Compatible with glucocorticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Overdose

Cases of overdose are unknown. If this occurs, it is necessary to rinse the stomach and carry out symptomatic treatment.

Trade names of drugs with the active ingredient glucosamine + chondroitin sulfate

Part of the complexes Glucosamine + Ibuprofen + Chondroitin sulfate, Glucosamine + Chondroitin sulfate + Vitamin E

One of the leading groups of drugs used to treat joint diseases are chondroprotectors. To be more precise, they are used for degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the musculoskeletal system - such as osteoarthritis, and the like. The basis of these diseases is a metabolic disorder in cartilage tissue, sooner or later leading to its destruction. Chondroprotectors are used to slow down degenerative processes and, to varying degrees, restore hyaline cartilage.

Structure and metabolism in cartilage tissue: basic information

Cartilage tissue is one of the types of connective tissue, the main structural element of which is chondrocyte cells located in the intercellular substance (matrix). The matrix is ​​represented by loose connective tissue fibers formed from glycosaminoglycans; It also contains type 2 collagen and hyaluronic acid. The last two components are produced by chondrocytes through a series of biochemical reactions, the successful implementation of which requires vitamins, microelements, enzymes, energy, as well as glycosaminoglycan components, among which the main role is played by glucosamine, chondroitin and keratan sulfates. Glycosaminoglycans, connected through protein bonds, form even larger structures - proteoglycans, which act as shock absorbers, completely restoring their shape after mechanical compression.

If the processes of catabolism (decomposition, transformation) of the active components of the matrix prevail over the processes of anabolism (synthesis), the structure of the cartilage tissue is disrupted, and the functions of the joint suffer. In addition, in such a joint the production of substances that initiate inflammation processes increases: cyclooxygenase, cytokines (in particular, interleukin-1b). The latter, moreover, inhibits the processes of synthesis of proteoglycans and collagen, and also stimulates the production and release of leukotrienes and prostaglandins. As a result, the structure and functions of the articular cartilage are even more seriously disrupted, and the inflammation in it becomes more intense. Due to the lack of glucosamine and chondroitin in the joint, the above changes are maximally expressed.

How do chondroprotectors work?

At any stage of degenerative joint disease, the prescription of drugs from this group is indicated, since they have a positive effect on its structures: they control the course of the disease, stabilize, and in some cases reverse the changes present in the tissues of the joint by correcting the metabolism in it.

Mechanism of action of the constituent components of chondroprotectors

The effect of chondroprotectors is to increase the anabolic activity of cartilage cells and inhibit the destructive effects of anti-inflammatory substances on it. Different drugs have their own effects that are different from others; they will be discussed in more detail below.

Classification of chondroprotectors

The choice of drugs in this group is large

According to modern classification, all chondroprotectors are divided into four generations:

1. Medicines from other groups.
2. Third generation drugs, or combined chondroprotectors:
   • Glucosamine hydrochloride + chondroitin sulfate;
   • Glucosamine sulfate + chondroitin sulfate;
   • Glucosamine hydrochloride + chondroitin sulfate + mutilsulfonylmethane;
   • Combinations with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
3. Second generation drugs:
   • Glucosamine sulfate;
   • Glucosamine hydrochloride;
   • Chondroitin sulfate;
   • Hyaluronic acid.
4. First generation drugs:
   • Rumalon;
   • Alflutop;
   • Arteparon;
   • Mukartrin.
5. Diacerein;
6. Ginger extract;
7. Avocado Compounds;
8. Other drugs.

To date, the most studied chondroprotectors are chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine.

Indications and contraindications for the use of chondroprotectors

Drugs in this group are effective in treating the following conditions:

• – primary and secondary;
• osteochondrosis (degenerative-dystrophic disease of the spine);
• and periarthritis;
• bone fractures;
• (dystrophy of the anatomical structures of the spine with the formation of marginal growths of bone tissue - osteophytes - along its axis);
• chondromalacia of the patella (softening of the cartilage).

You should not take chondroprotectors if the patient’s body is individually hypersensitive to these drugs, as well as during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Side effects of chondroprotectors

While taking drugs in this group, the following undesirable reactions may develop:

• abdominal pain;
• diarrhea or;
• bloating – ;
• allergic skin rashes, accompanied by or without itching;
• yellow coloration of urine (when taking diacerein).

Let's take a closer look at the most common representatives of the group of chondroprotectors.

Glucosamine (artiflex, artron flex, glucosamine Orion, DONA)

Release forms:

• injection;
• powder for solution (oral administration);
• pills.

This drug has many beneficial effects on cartilage structures:

• replenishes the deficiency of endogenous (produced directly by the body) glucosamine;
• stimulates the synthesis of hyaluronic acid and proteoglycans;
• normalizes enzymatic processes in cartilage cells and synovial membrane;
• accelerates the processes of calcification of joint bone tissue.

Thus, chondroitin inhibits degenerative processes in the joints during their pathology, improves their functioning, reduces inflammation and the severity of pain in the joints.

It is recommended to take 1.5 g orally per day in one dose or intramuscularly once a day. The minimum course of treatment is 6 weeks, but for chronic joint diseases it is recommended to take it longer - 3-4 months in a continuous course, repeating it twice a year. Some doctors recommend that their patients take chondroitin for 6 months in a row, take a break for the next six months, then start another six-month course, and so on continuously.

Chondroitin sulfate (structum, artiflex chondro, arthron-chondrex, mucosat, chondroflex)

Release form:

• capsules;
• injection;
• ointment.

The biological effects of chondroitin on joint structures are:

• stimulation of the synthesis of proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid;
• inhibition of the negative effects of interleukin-1β on the underlying substance of cartilage;
• slowing down the processes of matrix destruction;
• anti-inflammatory effect.

After oral administration, the drug is absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, its maximum concentration in the blood is determined after 4 hours. Accumulates in synovial fluid. Excreted in feces and urine.

Parenterally used in the form of intramuscular injections - 1-2 ml every other day. The course of treatment is 20-35 injections. Six months after the previous course, it is recommended to start the next one.

It is used externally in the form of an ointment or gel - applied to the skin over the area of ​​inflammation, rubbed in for 2-3 minutes. Frequency of application – 2-4 times a day.

The effect of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate on the musculoskeletal system

Contraindications to this drug, in addition to those indicated in the general part, also include a tendency to bleeding, thrombophlebitis and severe renal impairment.

Hyaluronic acid (singial, gialgan)

A drug for replacing joint fluid. Acts as a shock absorber, reduces inflammation, and also has an analgesic effect.

It is injected directly into the joint capsule, after a single injection it is kept in it for 4-5 days. Metabolized in the liver. It is excreted in the form of water and carbon dioxide.

It is recommended to inject 2 ml of the drug solution into the joint capsule once every 7 days, for 3 weeks in a row. In some cases, the dose and frequency of injections changes.

Among the side effects that differ from other drugs, it should be noted that some patients may develop symptoms of shock. Allergic reactions to the drug may also develop. Locally, short-term pain, swelling, swelling, a feeling of heat and local pressure at the injection site sometimes occur.

Combined drugs – third generation chondroprotectors

They are used very often, since the components contained in them complement each other or even enhance the positive effects of each other. The main ones are:

• Artron-triactive – contains chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine hydrochloride, methylsulfonylmethane;
• Artron triactiv forte - the components of this drug are similar to those of the drug Artron triactive, but their dose is significantly higher;
• Movex-active – contains glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate and potassium diclofenac, which has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect;
• Teraflex Advance - contains glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate and ibuprofen, which has analgesic properties;
• Artiflex Ultra - the composition of this drug is similar to Teraflex Advance - the difference is only in the manufacturing companies;
• The combination of two active ingredients - chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine - is most loved by pharmacists. There are several drugs with this composition: movex-comfort, osteal, protecon, teraflex, chondroitin cosplex, artiflex plus, artron-complex. The content of components in different medications is different to one degree or another.

Alflutop

Release form: solution for injection.

This drug contains a biologically active concentrate from small sea fish, which includes chondroitin sulfate, carbohydrates, amino acids, glycerophospholipids, trace elements and other substances.

Regulates metabolism in cartilage. Activates the synthesis of collagen and hyaluronic acid, inhibits the formation of substances involved in the processes of destruction of the intercellular matrix. In addition, it inhibits the formation of prostaglandins and cytokines that cause inflammation, resulting in reduced pain and swelling of the joint.

Alflutop is administered deeply intramuscularly, 1 ml once a day. The duration of treatment is 3 weeks.

It is possible to administer the drug directly into the joint - 1-2 ml, once every 3 days. The course of treatment is five injections into each inflamed large joint.

Side effects, in addition to those described above, are characteristic of chondroprotectors: local side effects in the form of pain, a feeling of fullness, burning at the injection site.

Rumalon

Release form: solution for injection.

Medicine of animal origin – extract of their cartilage tissue from the bone marrow of calves. Like other chondroprotectors, it normalizes metabolism in articular cartilage, slowing down the processes of joint destruction, stimulating regeneration and relieving inflammation.

Use exclusively intramuscularly. It is administered starting from 0.3 ml, every day the dose is increased by 0.2 ml to the maximum - 1 ml, which is administered not daily, but once every three days (option - 2 ml, 2 times a week. The effect of treatment usually does not appear immediately, and two to three weeks after the start of treatment. Duration of the course - 25 injections of 1 ml or 15 of 2 ml. The course of treatment is repeated 2-3 times a year. In some cases, after the sixth injection, patients note a slight increase in joint pain - this phenomenon does not require special correction and goes away on its own.

Diacerein (flexerin, artrodar, diamax, orcerin)

Release form: capsules of 50 mg of active substance.

It is considered both a chondroprotector and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Stimulates the synthesis of hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans. Inhibits the production of myeloperoxidase, interleukin-1, glucuronidase and elastase, which are involved in the destruction of articular cartilage. Reduces inflammatory processes in the synovial membrane.

The effect of taking diacerein does not become noticeable immediately, but after 1.5 months. its systematic use and persists for another 2-3 months after discontinuation of the drug.

The drug should be taken with caution by persons suffering from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Unsaponifiable compounds of avocado and soybean oils (Piascledin 300)

Release form: capsules.

This drug has a number of positive effects on articular cartilage, as a result of which the processes of its degeneration are slowed down, and the structure of the extracellular matrix is ​​restored to a certain extent. In addition to rheumatology, the drug is also used in the treatment of periodontal disease, since it has the ability to reduce the inflammatory process in the gums and their bleeding.

This medication should not be taken if the patient is allergic to soy or peanuts. The drug has not been studied in pregnant women or nursing mothers, so to avoid harm to the fetus or infant, it should not be taken during these periods.

Zinaxin

Release form: soft capsules.

The components of this drug are extracts of ginger and alpinia.

Slows down the processes of cartilage degeneration, improves metabolism in it, has an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect.

It is recommended to take 1 capsule orally with meals, 1-2 times a day, with a sufficient amount of water. After 2 months of continuous use, the dose should be halved, i.e., take 1 capsule per day. The course of treatment is long, up to 6 months. It is recommended to repeat it every year.

Side effects and contraindications are similar to those of other drugs in the chondroprotector group.

Homeopathic medicines

There are a number of drugs used for joint diseases, but they are related not to traditional medicine, but to homeopathy.

In almost 100% of cases, these drugs are multicomponent and are positioned by pharmaceutical manufacturing companies as very effective and safe to use. However, it should be taken into account that homeopathic remedies do not undergo the full range of necessary studies and often do not have a sufficient evidence base; their effect (medicinal value and side effects) on the body cannot be predicted. Despite this, many patients and a number of specialists prefer treatment with just such drugs, considering them more effective. The most commonly used are the following:

• Discus compositum;
• Target-T;
• Traumeel C;
• Incena;
• Homvio-revman.

In conclusion, we can say that, as you have seen, there are many drugs that have a chondroprotective effect, and they have a sufficient level of safety for many categories of patients.

We draw your attention to the fact that the names and dosages of medications are given for informational purposes only, and only a doctor can prescribe a particular drug, taking into account the general health of the patient.

Which doctor should I contact?

Since joint diseases are treated primarily by a therapist or rheumatologist, it is they who prescribe chondroprotectors. These drugs can also be recommended by surgeons and orthopedists for a speedy recovery after surgery on the musculoskeletal system. Taking into account the most common side effects, it would be useful to consult an allergist, as well as a gastroenterologist in the presence of concomitant diseases of the stomach and intestines.

That is, the number of patients turning to doctors with these problems, depriving a person of the ability to fully move, is steadily growing. In order to restore cartilage tissue and prevent its destruction, it is recommended to use the complex of substances “Glucosamine-chondroitin” (GCC).

Description of the drug

The medicine "Glucosamine-chondroitin" is available in capsules, and this dosage form is the only one for this medicine. The active substances in this case are glucosamine hydrochloride and sodium chondroitin sulfate. GKH is offered to the consumer in a small bottle containing cardboard packaging.

Characteristics and Application

The combined drug "Glucosamine-chondroitin" is taken to restore cartilage tissue. Chondroitin sodium sulfate is a high molecular weight mucopolysaccharide that is directly involved in its formation. This substance also significantly reduces the effect of enzymes on the destruction of cartilage and promotes its restoration, thereby normalizing the functionality of the joint.

Already at the beginning of taking the drug, a neutralizing effect on inflammatory processes occurs, the level of which is significantly reduced, and the degeneration of cartilage tissue slows down.

In a situation of osteoarthritis, the drug helps relieve pain, which allows you to stop taking a number of medications.

The components of HCA have a positive effect on joint cartilage, preventing the formation of enzymes and radicals that negatively affect tissue. A single use of the medicine gives the highest concentration of active substances in the blood within three hours after use. It is completely eliminated from the body in about a day. Glucosamine hydrochloride, which is part of the drug, is absorbed by the intestines. Almost a quarter of this ingredient is found in the cartilage of the joints, as well as their membranes. A certain proportion of the drug is processed by the liver.

HCA is actively used in the treatment of various diseases of the musculoskeletal system; the drug can also be prescribed as a rehabilitation agent after complex fractures.

Contraindications

• problems with blood clotting;
• allergic reactions;
• diabetes;
• women during pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• any chronic diseases of internal organs;
• thrombophlebitis;

In addition to the above aspects, the medicine has certain age restrictions, that is, it is not recommended for children.

HCA: how to take

The drug is taken orally, and the capsules are swallowed whole, without chewing or breaking, and washed down with some water. It is advisable to take it about half an hour before meals - this way the best therapeutic result is achieved. The duration of use and the daily dose of medication required in a particular case can be found out by contacting your doctor, since these characteristics depend on the diagnosis and degree of the disease.

As a rule, two capsules are prescribed daily, twice a day. After 3 weeks of using the drug, the dose taken must be reduced to one piece per day. Treatment continues for a couple of months, but some experts advise continuing the course for at least six months to achieve better results.

Taking HCA imposes certain restrictions on the diet and excludes the use of alcohol. In addition, at this time you should significantly reduce the amount of sugar entering the body.

Adverse reactions

This drug complex can cause the following conditions:

• nausea and vomiting, skin itching, swelling;
• various dermatitis, headache, diarrhea;
• flatulence, general weakness, increased fatigue, insomnia, dizziness.

If these and other manifestations of adverse reactions occur, you should stop taking the drug and consult your doctor.

Interaction with other drugs

Due to its positive effect on cartilage tissue, the drug significantly reduces the need to take painkillers. The effectiveness of the drug increases significantly when used together with vitamins C and A.

Speaking about the drug "Glucosamine-chondroitin", the disadvantages of the complex include the high price and a number of side effects that may arise from the digestive system. Otherwise, there are many positive responses from those who took the drug in connection with joint diseases - patients claim that this remedy is effective, and its release form is extremely convenient. It helps to get rid of pain and restore the joint to its former mobility.

Glucosamine and Chondroitin: the ideal complex for your joints

Glucosamine Chondroitin complex is not inherently a drug, but is considered a dietary supplement that is taken with food.

The main purpose of this complex is to enrich the human body with all the necessary elements that are responsible for the full functioning of the joints and spine.

Why is Glucosamine needed?

Glucosamine sulfate is a substance that is found in small quantities in food.

The source of its production in the human body is the cartilage cells of the body.

Due to this, the productivity of sugar chains, which are the main restorative components of cartilage tissue, is stimulated.

Initially, the substance was used by veterinarians to treat arthritis in animals.

Having convinced themselves of the safety of the remedy, they began to use it to treat people.

The drug became widespread in Europe in the 80s for the treatment of osteoarthritis and osteoarthritis.

When taken, glucosamine had a rapid effect on connective tissue and articular cartilage. At the same time, the positive properties of the component for the human body were recorded.

To be absolutely sure, the scientists took tissue samples from the patients' hips and knee cartilages for research.

After taking this drug, the surfaces of the patients' cartilage acquired an almost smooth coating, and the characteristics of osteoarthritis were very weak. From this it was concluded that the product has a restorative effect on the cartilage of the body.

Today the drug is used as a dietary supplement.

It is absorbed into the circulatory system and intestines, then makes its way to the blood vessels of the subchondral bone, from where it penetrates into the cartilage.

Then chondroitins begin to absorb glucosamine, which leads to the full formation of cartilage tissue.

Naturally, the amount of cartilage restored and formed depends on the amount of glucosamines.

Chondroitin is the basis of cartilage tissue

Chondroitin is one of the important binding components of cartilage tissues and ligaments, which provide strength during compression and stretching. The formative component is cartilage tissue.

The component also performs a lubricating function, being part of the synovial fluid of the joints. Dietary supplements with this drug are made from extracts of active substances from livestock, pigs and sharks.

Preparations made on the basis of chondroitin sulfate are used to normalize calcium-phosphorus metabolism, accelerate the restoration of cartilage, and increase the level of intra-articular fluids.

Thanks to a sufficient amount of this substance, joint mobility is ensured, while joint pain is reduced.

Considering that glucosamine and chondroitin have a complementary effect, today the pharmaceutical industry has produced a large number of drugs based on these substances.

Complex based on components: what joints need

The fundamental components of the complex have a fundamental role in the process of forming cartilage tissue and maintaining an appropriate level of synovial fluid.

Through the use of the complex, the process of restoration of cartilage and surfaces damaged under the influence of inflammatory and degenerative factors is stimulated.

The complex also ensures protection of cartilage from “wear and tear” in certain categories of people:

• athletes;
• people over 50;
• representatives of professions whose activities involve heavy physical activity and overweight people.

The drug is available in the form of capsules, ointments and cream.

Based on practical experience of use and patient reviews, the most effective is to take the complex in tablet form, since the drug is safely absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract with further penetration into the circulatory system and joints.

The use of ointments or creams is considered less effective because the drug does not penetrate the skin well.

Pharmacological effects

Joint diseases are most often caused by excessive destruction of cartilage tissue.

Glucosamine and Chondroitin are the main components of cartilage. In case of joint damage, cartilage cells stop synthesizing Glucosamine.

Based on this, the therapeutic effect of the drug lies in the fact that it provides construction raw materials, which are used to form cartilage and serve as a protective lining for joints. This in turn prevents friction and bone destruction.

Thus the complex provides:

• promoting the regeneration of damaged cartilage tissue;
• preventing inflammatory effects, relieving pain and relieving tension in joints, increasing their mobility, reducing swelling;
• formation and improvement of tissue connections of articular surfaces, ligaments, bones, bone tissue, nails.
• also has a positive effect on the heart valves, blood vessels, digestive, respiratory, urinary tracts and on maintaining normal levels of synovial fluid;
• positive effect on the metabolic process of cartilage;
• suppression of enzyme activities that destroy connective tissue and cartilage;
• stimulation of the synthesis of hyaluronic acid, which provides lubrication for the functioning of joints;
• reducing cholesterol concentrations in the blood, preventing the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques on the walls of blood vessels, improving overall blood circulation.

Pharmacokinetics of the drug

The bioavailability of the drug is more than 25%. In this case, the most pronounced effect of primary passage occurs through the liver.

When distributed into tissue, the highest effects are reflected in the liver, kidneys and articular cartilage. More than 30% of the dose of the drug taken persists in bone and muscle tissue for a longer period.

The drug is excreted in the urine and partially in the feces.

Mechanism of action

Glucosamine functions as a stimulator of the overall process of cartilage restoration. It also affects the metabolic process in cartilage tissues and thereby prevents their destruction.

In addition, the substance has an anti-inflammatory effect, relieves pain, swelling and increased sensitivity of the joints. Restores hardened and damaged joints, which are the sources of pain.

Chondroitin stimulates cartilage tissue to actively absorb fluid. This is very important, since the liquid is a source of nutrients and a softening component of cartilage tissue.

Chondroitins are also protectors of old cartilage from premature destruction and act as building materials, thereby creating new, healthy cartilage tissue.

Glucosamine Chondroitin complex, being a combination drug, is used to stimulate the process of regeneration of cartilage tissue.

The mechanism of action of the drug is accordingly determined by the properties of its constituent components.

In what cases is the complex used?

Glucosamine Chondroitin complex is used for degenerative diseases of the spine and joints:

Prescribed for older people and children over 15 years old, 40 minutes before eating, 1 capsule 2 times a day. This rule is valid during the introductory 3 weeks.

Beyond three weeks, the dose should be reduced to 1 capsule per day for 6 months.

• for the purpose of prevention and improvement of the musculoskeletal system and skin;
• in rejuvenating procedures;
• in the process of treating various types of fractures and injuries;
• for various types of arthritis;
• for skin diseases, hypersensitivity and allergies.

When should you abandon the complex?

Undoubtedly, representing an excellent balance of two components, the drug successfully demonstrates its effectiveness against an impressive number of diseases.

• thrombophlebitis;
• tendency to bleed;
• with obvious impairment of normal kidney and liver function;
• for diabetes mellitus;
• phenylketonuria;
• during pregnancy;
• during breastfeeding.

How to take the product

The course of taking the complex is equal to a month. Up to 3-4 cycles of taking the drug can be carried out per year.

The daily dosage is 1500 mg, and is divided into 2-3 doses with food.

In general, the choice of dosage regimen does not affect the effectiveness of the drug.

In parallel, you can take steroids and other anti-inflammatory drugs.

Taking the drug can be combined with simultaneous therapy with supplements containing potassium, magnesium and other minerals that have a positive effect on the musculoskeletal and joint systems.

Individual approach to dosage

It is enough to follow the instructions for use that come with the Glucosamine Chondroitin complex.

These standards provide for different target audiences.

1. Weighing less than 50 kg. 1000 mg glucosamine and 800 mg chondroitin.
2. Weighing more than 50 kg. up to 90 kg. 1200 mg chondroitin and 1500 mg glucosamine.
3. Weighing more than 90 kg. 1600 mg chondroitin and 2000 mg glucosamine.

Dosage adjustments should be made based on the individual's body response.

A certain proportion of patients feel a clear improvement after a short period of time and, based on this, reduce the dose of the drug.

People who are overweight or taking diuretics need higher doses.

To prevent negative consequences, exceeding the prescribed dose of the drug is strictly not recommended.

Possible side effects

Taking the drug in the permitted doses is not dangerous and does not cause negative effects.

If the daily dose exceeds 3000 mg, the drug may cause:

• constipation and diarrhea;
• a significant increase in the risk of developing diabetes;
• stomach upset;
• skin rashes;
• dizziness.

Forms of release and composition of the product

The drug is available in the form:

Manufacturers offer a wide range of drugs in capsule forms. The complex is available in jars that contain 180 capsules, exactly the amount required for one course.

One capsule contains:

• glucosamine sulfate – 1500 ml;
• chondroitin sulfate (from cattle cartilage) – 1200 mg;
• hyaluronic acid – 25 mg;
• vitamin C – 60 mg;
• manganese – 6 mg;
• sodium – 125 mg;
• potassium – 270 mg;
• complementary components: silicon, components of crustaceans, seafood.

Overdose

In the practice of using the drug, cases associated with overdose are practically not described.

In case of overdose, symptomatic treatment is provided.

An overdose may be accompanied by the following disorders:

• gastrointestinal tract area: painful sensation in the epigastric abdomen, nausea, vomiting, flatulence, constipation and diarrhea;
• nervous system area: headaches, drowsiness and insomnia, dizziness, general weakness and increased fatigue;
• allergic reactions: swelling, rash, itching, erythema, dermatitis.

If any negative symptoms occur while taking the drug, you should immediately stop taking it and consult your doctor.

Additional instructions

There are no data on the effectiveness and safety of the drug in children under 15 years of age.

Alcohol consumption is completely excluded.

If the functions of the kidneys and kidneys are impaired, taking the drug is not recommended, since if the liver or kidneys are dysfunctional, the removal of the drug from the body will be impaired.

In case of pregnancy, the drug should be taken under the supervision of a physician.

Interaction with other drugs

When interacting with other drugs, the effectiveness of the drug increases, which enhances the process of absorption of tetracyclines into the gastrointestinal tract.

At the same time, the absorption of chloramphenicol and semisynthetic penicillins decreases.

The relevance of using painkillers is decreasing.

How does it work in practice?

How effective and popular Glucosamine Chondroitin Complex is among consumers and doctors can be found out from reviews.

Along with positive opinions, there are also negative opinions.

What is the attitude of doctors towards the product?

Many people hear complaints from their grandmothers and mothers about joint pain. My knees and back often hurt.

And now, for various reasons, joint diseases are becoming more common among young people.

Therefore, proper nutrition, moderate exercise, light sports (for example, swimming, gymnastics) as well as complexes with glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are the source of healthy joints. Course of admission: 40 days every 6 months or according to another scheme that you can choose for yourself.

The opinion of the general practitioner Pavel

Prescribed a course of treatment using the Glucosamine Chondroitin complex to a patient with arthrosis of the knees.

According to the patient, there is real relief, a decrease in pain symptoms already in the second week, and the crunching in the knees has disappeared. In general, the drug lives up to all the promises that appear on the insert!

Patients say

It helps me and my sister brilliantly, I ordered more.

Great, but should only be used as directed by a doctor.

The drug really helps, my joints stop hurting. The complex has an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect, nourishes joints, and promotes cartilage restoration.

I use glucosamine for pain in the elbow joint. I drink it for 10 days, then take a break for 10 days. I advise everyone to take this method.

The skin at the site of damage has completely recovered, and there are practically no wrinkles.

Effective, convenient packaging. Just a magical remedy that helped me get back on my feet, in the literal sense of the word.

Judging by the reviews, the Glucosamine Chondroitin complex largely met the expectations of patients.

Negative reviews are mainly associated with the high price of the complex and the rather long course of treatment, which affects the total cost of treatment.

Price

The price of Glucosamine Chondroitin complex varies depending on the manufacturer and country of origin:

• 60 capsules from a Russian manufacturer cost from 270 rubles to 410 rubles;
• 60 capsules of foreign production, in particular those made in the USA, are priced at 2,000 rubles and above.

Storage and transportation of the drug is carried out at a temperature ranging from 15 to 25°C. The storage location must be inaccessible to children. Shelf life – 24 months. The drug is sold without a prescription.

What can replace the product?

Similar and similar preparations:

These drugs are produced by both foreign and domestic manufacturers.

The information has been prepared for general information purposes and cannot be used as a basis for self-medication.

The entire treatment procedure must be carried out under the supervision and control of a physician. Self-medication often leads to disastrous consequences.

Glucosamine and chondroitin complex

Joint diseases are a problem not only for older people, but also for younger age groups.

Osteochondrosis has become especially widespread. The first symptom with which people seek advice, pain, does not appear in the first stages, and therefore the start of treatment is significantly delayed or patients self-medicate at home.

Therapy for joint pathology includes the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, chondroprotectors, therapeutic exercises, and massage.

What are glucosamine and chondroitin?

Glucosamine

Produced naturally in the body by cartilage cells, chondrocytes, a structural element of proteoglycan (a component of articular cartilage). Serves as a constituent element of synovial fluid. Glucosamine is necessary for the synthesis of joint lubrication. Activates the production of hyaluronic acid and other building materials for intra-articular fluid, joint membranes, and cartilage.

There are 2 forms of the drug:

• natural (stabilized with sodium or potassium chloride - glucosamine sulfate);
• plant or animal origin (hydrochloride).

Hydrochloride is more absorbable, but sulfate is more often used.

Glucosamine preparations have an anti-inflammatory effect, slowing down the process of degeneration in the joints.

Chondroitin

High molecular weight mucopolysaccharide, part of cartilage tissue. Its component is glucosamine. Lack of glucosamine causes chondroitin deficiency. Serves as a substrate for the formation of the cartilage matrix, restores metabolism in cartilage, and stimulates regeneration processes. It has a moderate analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect, ensures the viscosity of synovial fluid.

The advantage of chondroitin is that it allows water to be retained in the cartilage with the formation of cavities that contribute to shock-absorbing properties and increase strength. Suppresses the activity of enzymes involved in the degradation of connective tissue. Sources: tendons, cartilage of animals, fish.

Preparations based on chondroitin normalize calcium-phosphorus metabolism, accelerate cartilage restoration, and increase the volume of intra-articular fluid. Thanks to its use, joint mobility increases and pain decreases.

Glucosamine chondroitin complex

Since chondroitin and glucosamine combine well, complementing each other, the decision was made to create drugs that include both components. The complex belongs to the dietary supplement.

Indications: degenerative-dystrophic pathology of joints (prevention and treatment), recovery from sports injuries and fractures.

There is a modern glucosamine chondroitin complex, which is supplemented with ibuprofen (a non-steroidal drug). Advantage - the synergistic effect of glucosamine with ibuprofen allows you to reduce the dose of NSAIDs, thereby avoiding the side effects of NSAIDs on connective tissue. The duration of treatment is no more than 4 weeks. The course is repeated twice a year.

Chondroprotectors for osteochondrosis

Pharmacy chondroprotectors contain natural structural elements of cartilage tissue. The raw materials for production are marine invertebrates, small marine fish, cattle (cartilage tissue). Can be of plant origin: based on avocado, soy, beans.

The main part of the preparations contains chondroitin and glucosamine. Available in the form of tablets, ointments, powders, gels, injections. The doctor selects the drug, dosage, and duration of treatment. The course of treatment is 3 months.

Characteristics of some chondroprotectors

The following medications may have contraindications and side effects; they are used as prescribed by a doctor.

Available in the form of a powder for dissolution, which is taken orally, or ampoules. Ingredients: glucosamine sulfate. Used for arthritis, arthrosis, osteochondrosis. Contraindications: phenylketonuria, sensitivity to components. Side effects: allergies in the form of urticaria, itching, digestive disorders (flatulence, constipation, diarrhea).

Structum

Blue gelatin capsules containing powder. Contains chondroitin. Indicated for osteochondrosis and arthrosis. Contraindicated in cases of high fragility of blood vessels, predisposition to bleeding, age under 15 years, thrombophlebitis. Side effects include dyspepsia (nausea and vomiting).

Teraflex

Capsules. They have a slight odor. Contains chondroitin and glucosamine. Recommended in case of injuries, arthrosis and osteochondrosis. With caution in case of diabetes, bleeding, asthma. Permitted from 15 years of age. Pregnancy, high sensitivity, breastfeeding, renal failure are contraindications. Side effects from the nervous system (drowsiness or insomnia, dizziness and headache), gastrointestinal tract (flatulence, abdominal pain, stool upset), others (allergies, swelling, rapid heartbeat).

Orthopedists and traumatologists use chondroprotectors together with physiotherapeutic methods (phonophoresis, magnetophoresis). Physiotherapy procedures promote deeper penetration of drugs, potentiating their effect, and also have an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. However, do not forget about possible contraindications (for example, hypertension for ultrasound).

The combination of the drug Chondroxide (tablets and ointment) with phonophoresis gave good results. Complex therapy reduces muscle tension and pain, slows down the destruction of cartilage.

The drug "Chondroxid" in tablets

General contraindications for chondroprotectors: pregnancy, lactation, allergic reactions. Caution for gastrointestinal diseases.

• normalize body weight,
• eliminate uneven load on the spine,
• alternate physical activity with rest,
• avoid hypothermia,
• go swimming.

Chondroprotectors are not able to cure osteochondrosis, but in combination with other drugs they reduce symptoms and slow down the progression of the process.

You might also be curious:

Comments

Swimming! This is what really healed me! True, the acute period was relieved with medications. And also hanging on the bar in the morning. I swim two to three times a week. In the morning, light exercises on the joints and spine. Without fanaticism.

Glucosamine-Chondroitin complex for the treatment of joints and spine

Glucosamine-chondroitin complex is a dietary supplement produced by the Russian manufacturer Pharmakor. Dietary supplements belong to the group of chondroprotectors that improve the functional state of cartilage. A course of taking the drug slows down and stops the destruction of joints, has an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. This allows the active use of Glucosamine-chondroitin complex for the treatment of osteochondrosis, arthritis, osteoarthrosis, and intervertebral hernias.

The therapeutic line of Glucosamine-chondroitin complex includes two dosage forms - capsules for oral administration and a gel for local application to areas of pain and inflammation. The simultaneous use of these drugs significantly enhances and prolongs the therapeutic effect of chondroprotectors. The dietary supplement is accessible, low cost and easy to use at home.

Characteristic features of dietary supplements

Pathologies of the musculoskeletal system are accompanied by destructive and degenerative changes in tissue. The elements of the joints and vertebrae become thinner and more fragile, and bone growths often form. They begin to gradually compress blood vessels and sensitive nerve endings. The result is pain of varying intensity. A sluggish inflammatory process often develops, accelerating tissue destruction. To alleviate the patient’s condition, doctors prescribe medications:

• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
• glucocorticosteroids;
• non-opioid and opioid analgesics;
• ointments with a warming and distracting effect.

Medicines effectively relieve inflammation and reduce the intensity of pain. But they are unable to stop the pathological changes in the joints. For this purpose, symptomatic slow-acting drugs are used - chondroprotectors, for example Glucosamine-chondroitin complex. Its course intake helps suppress pain and restore the functions of the affected joint. Dietary supplements slow down the progression of pathology, normalize or stabilize structural changes in hyaline cartilage. It becomes a kind of prevention of destructive changes in healthy joints.

Glucosamine and chondroitin preparations have the largest evidence base of clinical effectiveness. Numerous randomized clinical studies of chondroprotectors have been conducted in Russia and abroad. Their pronounced analgesic effect and increased joint mobility in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis were established.

Composition and release form

The dietary supplement is available in the form of capsules with a durable enteric coating, colored white and blue. Inside there is a homogeneous granular substance without a specific taste or smell. Primary packaging is a bottle made of polymer material with 60 (270 rubles) or 90 (415 rubles) capsules. Secondary packaging is a cardboard box with instructions for use included. The dietary supplement consists of three ingredients:

• chondroitin sulfate 0.2 g;
• glucosamine sulfate 0.1 g;
• milk sugar.

Lactose ensures rapid absorption of active ingredients from the intestines into the systemic circulation. And the gelatin shell protects them from the effects of aggressive hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

Gel Glucosamine-chondroitin complex (170 rubles) is a transparent jelly-like substance with a characteristic pleasant odor. It is packaged in 50 ml sealed plastic tubes with a screw cap. The Glucosamine-Chondroitin Complex contains:

• chondroitin and glucosamine sulfates;
• dexpanthenol;
• cinquefoil extract;
• essential oils of sage and juniper.

The ingredients for the formation of the gel base ensure transdermal penetration of herbal remedies and chondroprotectors into inflammatory lesions.

All dosage forms of Glucosamine-chondroitin complex should be stored in a dark place at room temperature. The shelf life of dietary supplements is 24 months. Once the gel package is opened, it is limited to 3 weeks.

Essential oils from the gel exhibit pronounced aseptic activity, sanitizing the joint cavity. Dexpanthenol stimulates the regeneration of damaged periarticular soft tissues and eliminates extensive swelling. And cinquefoil extract effectively stops inflammatory processes and stimulates the production of synovial fluid to lubricate articular surfaces.

pharmachologic effect

The active ingredient of the dietary supplement glucosamine serves as a building material for the main component of synovial fluid - hyaluronic acid. In turn, it is the basis for the production of proteoglycans. The deficiency of these high-molecular compounds in the human body causes gradual destructive-dystrophic changes in tissues.

The second active ingredient, chondroitin sulfate, is tropic to cartilage tissue. It fixes sulfur molecules during the biosynthesis of chondroitinsulfuric acid, promoting the accumulation of the microelement calcium in bone structures. Chondroitin stimulates the synthesis of hyaluronates, strengthens cartilage, ligaments and tendons. The chondroprotector has a diverse effect on the biochemical processes occurring in the body:

• inhibits macrophages, preventing the formation of free radicals. Inhibits enzymes that destroy joint tissue - collagenase, lysosomal enzymes, phospholipase A2, interleukins, hyaluronidase, elastase. As a result, the severity of inflammation and pain is reduced;
• prevents bone loss by replenishing calcium reserves;
• inhibits the activity of lipase produced in the pancreas. The absorption of lipids into the systemic circulation decreases, and their concentration in the blood decreases. Blood supply to damaged cells improves. Nutrients and oxygen begin to flow into the synovial capsule and adjacent periarticular tissues, accelerating regeneration processes.

A course of taking Glucosamine-chondroitin complex capsules increases the production of intra-articular fluid. This leads to the elimination of friction on the surfaces of articular structures, preventing their rapid wear and injury. The mobility of the joint is restored and its functional activity increases. The regeneration of hyaline cartilage is also launched by ensuring complete collagen synthesis. Morning swelling, pain during movement and at rest disappear.

Even “advanced” joint problems can be cured at home! Just remember to apply this once a day.

Chondroprotectors are characterized by a gradual effect on the joints and spine. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity occurs as glucosamine and chondroitin accumulate in their cavities. The glucosamine-chondroitin complex begins to exhibit therapeutic activity 2-3 weeks after the start of treatment. Therefore, to relieve pain during this period, patients are prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Gradually, their doses are reduced, and then NSAIDs are discontinued. After stopping the use of dietary supplements, the medicinal properties of Glucosamine-chondroitin complex remain for a month.

As a result of experiments, it was found that the combined use of chondroitin and glucosamine sulfates increases the production of glycosaminoglycans by chondrocytes by 96.5%. With the separate use of chondroprotectors, this figure reached only 32%.

Pharmacokinetics

After taking capsules Glucosamine-chondroitin complex, 25% glucosamine and 12% chondroitin are absorbed by the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum therapeutic concentration in the bloodstream is detected after 3-4 hours, and in the intra-articular fluid - 5 hours. Chondroprotectors are metabolized by liver cells during a chemical desulfurization reaction, and then removed from the body within 3 days. Evacuation of compounds is carried out mainly by the kidneys, and only a small part - through the rectum.

Indications for use

Glucosamine-chondroitin complex gel is used to treat osteoarthritis of the joints and spinal column. It helps to quickly recover from injuries - fractures, dislocations, ruptures of ligaments and tendons. People who are actively involved in sports and experience serious stress during training use the gel to relieve muscle fatigue and prevent muscle damage. The likelihood of destructive and degenerative changes in joints increases as a person ages. Rheumatologists recommend the combined use of systemic and local dietary supplements to prevent the destruction of cartilage tissue. Glucosamine-chondroitin complex capsules have a wider range of applications:

• osteochondrosis of various localizations (cervical, thoracic, lumbar);
• gouty, rheumatoid arthritis;
• tendovaginitis;
• spondyloarthrosis;
• osteoarthritis;
• radiculitis;
• sinusitis and bursitis of the shoulder, hip, knee and ankle joints.

A dietary supplement is prescribed to patients with insufficient production of synovial fluid. This pathological process is characterized by crunching in the joints and a gradual increase in pain. Glucosamine-chondroitin complex is recommended for people who have undergone surgery to accelerate the restoration of hyaline cartilage.

Contraindications

Capsules and gel should not be used for treatment if hypersensitivity to the active or auxiliary ingredients is detected. Most often, an allergic reaction occurs to essential oils and phytoextracts contained in the external product. Therefore, before applying it to the area of ​​pain and inflammation, you should rub a small amount of gel into the crook of your elbow. If there are no signs of allergy, you can begin therapy after 40 minutes. The gel should not be applied to the skin if there are microtraumas:

Glucosamine-chondroitin complex is not used for the treatment of joint pathologies in children under 14 years of age. It is used with caution in thrombophlebitis, acute and chronic venous insufficiency.

Pregnancy and lactation are not included in the list of contraindications. But there is no significant evidence base for the safety of drugs for mothers and fetuses. Therefore, the Glucosamine-chondroitin complex is included in the therapeutic regimens of women during lactation and pregnancy only as prescribed by the attending physician.

Side effects

The use of a local or systemic drug may cause an allergic reaction. It manifests itself in the form of a small rash, swelling and redness of the skin. Essential oils sometimes provoke severe irritation of the epidermis, accompanied by itching. Systemic side effects occur quite rarely:

• indigestion and peristalsis, occurring against the background of excessive gas formation and epigastric pain;
• headache, dizziness;
• sleep disturbances, increased weakness, fatigue, apathy;
• fluid retention in the body;
• tachycardia.

If one of these symptoms develops, stop using Glucosamine-Chondroitin Complex. A rheumatologist or traumatologist prescribes a chondroprotector from another manufacturer or an analogue with other active ingredients. In some cases, adjustment of single and daily doses is required.

Instructions for use

The gel is applied in a thin layer 1-2 cm above the area where pain is felt 2-3 times a day. The skin is pre-cleaned with soap and water and (or) treated with antiseptic solutions. For better absorption, rub the gel into the skin with massaging movements. Duration of treatment is 2-3 months. After discontinuation of the drug, the therapeutic effect persists for 1-2 months.

Glucosamine-chondroitin complex capsules are taken 1 capsule 3 times a day with meals, washed down with a sufficient amount of clean water. The duration of the therapeutic course is determined by the attending physician. In case of severe articular pathology, chondroprotectors are used for 1-2 years.

Drug interactions

Glucosamine-chondroitin complex is combined with almost all drugs used in the treatment of joint diseases. During the treatment of infectious pathologies (sinusitis, bursitis, arthritis), the doctor takes into account the ability of the chondroprotector to reduce the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect of penicillin antibiotics. But the clinical effectiveness of tetracyclines is slightly increased by chondroitin and glucosamine.

If a doctor of another specialization prescribes any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, then he must be informed about taking chondroprotectors. In this case, the doctor can reduce the dose of NSAIDs, which will avoid their negative side effects.

The gel should be applied to the skin 1-2 hours after using another external product - cream, ointment, balm. Otherwise, there is a possibility of chemical interaction between the ingredients of the drugs and the development of a severe allergic reaction.

For the treatment and prevention of DISEASES OF THE JOINTS and SPINE, our readers use the method of quick and non-surgical treatment recommended by leading rheumatologists in Russia, who decided to speak out against pharmaceutical lawlessness and presented a medicine that REALLY TREATS! We have become familiar with this technique and decided to bring it to your attention. Read more.

In the world. One third of the adult population has X-ray signs indicating osteoarthritis in the arms, legs, knees or hips.

Every year, more than 7 million people visit doctors because of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is second only to cardiovascular disease as a cause of chronic disability. The number of people suffering from osteoarthritis is expected to continue to rise.

Although research into osteoarthritis has led to the development of promising new prescription and over-the-counter drugs aimed at pain relief, none of these drugs has attracted as much interest as glucosamine sulfate (GS). This remedy allows you to solve the problem of joint destruction.

Osteoarthritis is a complex metabolic disorder in the cartilage and bones of some joints. To understand how osteoarthritis develops, we need to understand the principles of joint functioning.

A joint is where individual bones are connected by muscles and tendons. Some joints are characterized by very low mobility, for example, the joints of the ribs, others have a much greater range of motion (shoulder, knee, hip).

Synovial joints

The hips, knees, elbows, wrists and thumbs are synovial joints. They have the greatest range of motion and mobility. This is due to their unique structure.

The bones that form synovial joints are covered with cartilage. The areas between the ends of articulating bones are filled with dense fibrous tissue called the joint capsule. The joint cavity inside the capsule is lined with a membrane, the so-called synovial membrane.
The membrane releases synovial fluid- a thick liquid that fills the space around and between two bones. This fluid contains many substances that lubricate the joint and facilitate its movement.

The cartilage of synovial joints performs two very important functions:
First, cartilage forms a smooth surface, allowing synovial joints to move easily.
Second, synovial cartilage functions as a shock absorber, providing a soft, flexible base. Healthy cartilage absorbs energy forces, transmits loads to the bone, and distributes mechanical stresses that occur during joint movement.

Synovial joints function under conditions of almost continuous mechanical tension. The ability of a joint to bear or resist such a load is an indicator of its health.. When excessive mechanical stress or impairment of the joint's ability to resist this load begins, physical changes in the cartilage begin.

Cartilage is a dense, elastic tissue composed primarily of water, collagen, and complex proteoglycan proteins. Osteoarthritis causes weakening and wear of the cartilage, which gradually leads to its destruction. As a result, the bones of the joint are exposed and begin to rub against each other.

When moving a joint affected by osteoarthritis, an unpleasant sensation and grinding sound occurs. As osteoarthritis progresses, pieces of bone and cartilage break off and move within the joint space. The bones can increase in size, causing the joint to lose its normal shape. Tiny bone fragments can grow into the sides and sides of joints. These types of physical changes in the affected joints are associated with progressive impairment and constant pain.

Osteoarthritis pain

Most often, people suffering from osteoarthritis describe the pain they experience as deep and aching. Pain may be felt not only in the affected joints, but also in the adjacent and supporting muscles. Inflammation of the joints may occur, which increases the already noticeable discomfort. Another unfavorable symptom of osteoarthritis is decreased joint mobility.

Joint exercises often make the pain worse, however, stiffness usually occurs after a period of inactivity. Wet weather leads to an exacerbation of all the symptoms of osteoarthritis. As the disease progresses, pain may occur even at rest.

What are the causes of osteoarthritis?

The exact cause of osteoarthritis is still unknown to medicine. Researchers know that The development of osteoarthritis is not associated with the aging process. In the cartilage of young patients with arthrosis, many destructive changes are found that are absent in healthy older people. However, there are a number of factors that can provoke or aggravate the disease.

Sometimes entire families suffer from osteoarthritis, which indicates presence of a genetic factor. Most often this is typical for osteoarthritis of the hands.

The development of osteoarthritis may contribute to multiple injuries. This disease is often found in professional athletes, as well as in people engaged in heavy physical labor. People with bone lesions are more prone to developing osteoarthritis due to prolonged, uneven stress on the hips and knees.

Another risk factor is obesity. Osteoarthritis of the knee joints is common in overweight people. Extra pounds have a direct metabolic effect on cartilage, in addition to the increased stress on the joints.

People who are obese have higher bone density. Studies have found that the absorptive function of dense bones is less pronounced than in thin bones, which leads to direct injury to the cartilage.

Is it possible to prevent osteoarthritis?

To date, no reliable methods have been found to prevent or slow the progression of arthrosis. However, certain lifestyle choices may help reduce or delay the onset of symptoms. Effective ways to prevent osteoarthritis are maintaining a normal weight, as well as regular moderate physical activity.

Optimal intake of calcium into the body during childhood and adolescence is of great importance for skeletal health. The role has been explored vitamins A, C, D and E in the prevention of osteoarthritis. It turned out that these vitamins benefit people suffering from osteoarthritis.

How is osteoarthritis treated?

The goal of treatment is to reduce or relieve pain, maintain or improve joint mobility, and minimize potential long-term disability. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, are commonly used to relieve pain and inflammation. The effectiveness of these medications is limited solely to pain relief.

Aspirin, now produced primarily synthetically, was originally made from salicin, the active ingredient in willow bark. Willow bark has been used for many centuries in folk medicine of some peoples.
Acetylsalicylic acid was first produced by German chemist Felix Hoffmann, an employee of Friedrich Bayer & Co. in 1897. Today it is the active ingredient in more than 50 over-the-counter medications. According to statistics, 80 billion aspirin tablets are consumed annually in the United States alone.

These medications have many side effects, some of them serious. NSAIDs cause gastrointestinal problems that account for more than 100,000 hospitalizations and about 16,500 deaths in the United States each year.

NSAIDs often damage the epithelial lining of the stomach, leading to heartburn and stomach pain.

Long-term use of NSAIDs can lead to the development of stomach ulcers. These types of ulcers can perforate the epithelial lining of the stomach and cause life-threatening bleeding.

Many NSAIDs also interfere with blood clotting and can damage the kidneys. In older people, these drugs cause dizziness, drowsiness, memory loss, and decreased attention span. The drug acetaminophen is identical to aspirin and other NSAIDs in its pain-relieving effect. However, this remedy does not provide relief from inflammation. Although acetaminophen does not have the side effects associated with aspirin and other NSAIDs, liver damage can occur when taken in large doses.

New drugs—COX-2 inhibitors—relieve both pain and inflammation without the many side effects of acetaminophen, aspirin, and other NSAIDs. Recent studies have shown that in some cases, COX-2 inhibitors can damage the epithelial lining of the stomach and cause bleeding. Although aspirin, NSAIDs, and COX-2 reduce the pain of osteoporosis, they do not stop or slow the destruction of articular cartilage.

In other words, these drugs do not affect the disease itself. That is why Many people prefer glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate (CS) in the treatment of osteoarthritis: in fact, these drugs improve the health of synovial joints without the potentially life-threatening side effects.

How do glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate work?

GS improves the condition of joints affected by osteoarthritis. This supplement is so effective that even doctors who usually rely on classical drugs recommend it to their patients with osteoarthritis. Many of them use HS to treat their own diseased joints. But things are even better.

By combining glucosamine sulfate with low molecular weight cholesterol, you can achieve even better results. Glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate are natural components of human joints. The correct combination of HS/CS prevents the destruction of joints affected by osteoarthritis, which in turn significantly reduces pain and stiffness.

Glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate are often preferred over analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis because they actually improve the condition of synovial joints. The preferred form of chondroitin sulfate is low molecular weight cholesterol, which has shown the most promising results in research.

Glucosamine is produced naturally in the body and is part of the synovial fluid. This substance is the main structural element of proteoglycan, one of the most important components of articular cartilage. Glucosamine is also necessary for the production of lubrication and protective agents for joints.

In Europe, HS and CS have been used to treat osteoarthritis for more than 10 years. Although the condition of patients noticeably improves when taking GS and CS, the mechanism of action of these compounds is unknown. After studies began on glucosamine in Europe and America, it was found that GS reduces inflammation of synovial joints. This explains why people who take these supplements feel better.

As research into HS has expanded, scientists have discovered that the compound stimulates the growth of chondrocytes, inhibits the breakdown of proteoglycans, and restores cartilage destroyed by osteoarthritis.

In other words, HS doesn't just make people with osteoarthritis feel better, it actually improves their condition. In the body, GS breaks down into glucosamine and sulfate ions.

Sulfate in GS plays an important role in the synthesis of proteoglycans. CS also provides endurance and flexibility to cartilage. CS is an important proteoglycan component in the cartilage of synovial joints. Due to the fact that cholesterol promotes the production of proteoclycans, researchers believe that its mechanism of action is similar to GS.

Synergistic effect

Researchers found that GS and CS act synergistically (more effective when used together) in terms of improving joint condition. This effect has been studied in several studies. It is preferable to take GS and CS together. However, in some cases, your doctor may recommend using these substances separately.

Follow your doctor's recommendations for maximum benefit based on your individual needs. Let us remember once again that the preferred form of cholesterol is low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate. It is this form that has shown the most promising results in research.

In the first studies, cholesterol was administered to six healthy volunteers, six patients with rheumatoid arthrosis and six patients with osteoarthritis. The researchers then determined cholesterol levels in all study participants. The substance was not found in any of them. Based on this single study, scientists and doctors concluded that cholesterol is not absorbed by the body, and therefore cannot be an effective method of natural treatment.

However, a number of other studies involving healthy volunteers have shown that cholesterol can be absorbed. It was suggested that the apparent difference between the results obtained was related to the type of cholesterol. Some forms of cholesterol are easier to digest than others. This was confirmed in a study using low molecular weight cholesterol.
Thus, low-molecular cholesterol preparations are better absorbed, which ensures that cholesterol enters the bloodstream and synovial fluid of the joints, where it is needed.

You can buy a supplement with glucosamine and chondroitin in many pharmacies and sports nutrition stores. The price starts somewhere from 500 rubles for 1 package.

Other Supplements for Osteoarthritis Relief

Some vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and natural supplements are helpful for osteoarthritis patients. Proteolytic enzymes are effective in reducing joint pain, stiffness and swelling.

Folic acid and vitamin B12 reduce the number of painful joints and increase their mobility. Vitamins C, D and E not only prevent the development of osteoarthritis, but also prevent the progression of the disease. Nicotinamide improves joint function, range of motion and muscle strength. Good results have been obtained in studies on osteoarthritis using the herb Boswellia serrata.

To reduce pain and joint stiffness in osteoarthritis, you can use ointments. Have a calming effect on painful joints menthol-based preparations. Capsaicin ointments and gels made from cayenne pepper are very effective.

Chemical compound capsaicin(8-methyl-N-vinylin-6-nonanamide) is the active ingredient in capsicum (Capsacum). The substance is irritating to mammals, including humans, and causes a burning sensation in the mouth.
Capsaicin and a number of related compounds are called capsaicinoids. They are produced by some plants of the genus Capsicum (red peppers) as secondary metabolites, possibly for defense against herbivores.
Birds are generally immune to capsaicin. Pure capsaicin is a lipophilic, colorless, crystalline or waxy substance.

When applied to the skin, capsaicin first stimulates and then blocks the activity of nerve fibers that transmit pain signals. Capsaicin destroys nerve fibers of a neurotransmitter called substance P. This neurotransmitter transmits pain signals and activates inflammation in osteoarthritis. Capsaicin ointment effectively relieves pain in osteoarthritis.

For osteoarthritis of the hands Immersion in paraffin helps. A professional doctor will tell you how to safely perform paraffin therapy at home.

Non-impact exercise is an excellent way to maintain joint mobility, reduce pain, and increase strength. For example, aqua aerobics in water also reduces stress on joints.

Finally

When we feel unwell, we sometimes tend to self-diagnose. If you have not yet been evaluated by a licensed physician for joint pain, you should do so. Such symptoms may be caused by other diseases and require completely different treatment. Only a doctor can make a definitive diagnosis of osteoarthritis.

With age, osteoarthritis can become a firm part of our lives; however, it is not necessary for the disease to be accompanied by pain and joint stiffness. HS in combination with absorbable cholesterol reduces the degree of destruction of joints affected by osteoarthritis, and also significantly reduces pain and stiffness. This is a great way to improve your health.

If you have taken glucosamine and chondroitin supplements, write your review about their action.

Medicines such as glucosamine sulfate (GS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) are the most important substances that help joints with such difficult diseases as osteochondrosis (spondylosis) and especially with deforming osteoarthritis (arthrosis). Thanks to their use, the formation of cartilage tissue in diseased joints is improved, pain and inflammation in them are reduced.

In this article you will learn about what kind of substances glucosamine chondroitin are, how they act in the body, what medications and food components they contain, and what any patient with deforming osteoarthritis needs to know about them in order to keep their joints healthy for as long as possible.

Glucosamine: the most important building material for cartilage tissue

The substance glucosamine is produced by cartilage tissue cells - chondrocytes.

In its structure, glucosamine is a monosaccharide, that is, a relatively small molecule, which, in turn, is an indispensable “building material” for another chondroprotector - chondroitin. Therefore, when there is a lack of GS in the body, the formation of chondroitin is also inhibited.

Why is GS needed and what are its functions in the body?

Glucosamine, which is found in the body mainly in the form of glucosamine sulfate, affects the health of cartilage tissue in several ways:

• first of all, this substance promotes the formation (synthesis) of articular cartilage;
• affects the cells of the synovial membrane of the joints, increasing metabolism in them and thereby improving the nutrition of cartilage tissue;
• reduces pain in deforming arthrosis;
• increases mobility in joints, thereby restoring their functions;
• HS also affects bone tissue, slowing down the leaching of calcium from bones and increasing their strength due to the accumulation of this important mineral for the body;
• helps the formation of an important compound for our body called chondroitinsulfuric acid.

Thus, glucosamine sulfate is important for improving metabolism not only in joints, but also in all connective tissue of the body, including bone tissue. Due to the listed functions of this medicine, it is used primarily for arthrosis - knee, shoulder, and many others.

Active glucosamine is used simultaneously as a means of reducing inflammation in the joints (along with), as a chondroprotector that improves the formation of cartilage, and as a medicine that reduces pain in the articular joints.

At the same time, the clinical effectiveness of this medicine is still unproven, therefore, in some countries, drugs containing GS are classified not as medicines, but as biologically active food additives.

What medications contain

Glucosamine sulfate is included in such drugs as Elbona, Ellastenga, Sustilak, glucosamine, Chondroxide. In these medications, the drug is presented as a mono drug, that is, without chondroitin sulfate. You can read more about these, as well as other chondroprotective medications, in the article, as well as in the material. The same articles contain information about the price of these drugs.

The drug is available in a variety of dosage forms:

• powders for dilution with water and oral administration;
• solution for intramuscular injection;
• tablets for oral administration;
• in form for external use.

Which of these forms works better? There is no clear answer to this question yet, but it is generally accepted that the absorption of the drug when administered in the form of injections is higher than when taken orally. At the same time, scientists have now learned to produce this drug in such forms that even when taken in tablet form, a significant amount of this chondroprotector is well absorbed.

We invite you to watch an interesting video about the main chondroprotectors:

Chondroitin sulfate: the number one substance for joints

Chondroitin sulfate is a chemical compound that is also synthesized by cartilage cells. CS is a polysaccharide, a huge molecule of which glucosamine is an integral part.

Like many polysaccharide compounds, chondroitin sulfate has mucous properties, due to which the synovial fluid in the joint cavity ensures smoother and more even sliding of the articular surfaces, and also retains precious moisture in the joint fluid.

Useful properties and functions

Chondroitin sulfate has several very important functions for the normal functioning of connective tissue, primarily bones and joints:

• slows down the destruction of cartilage tissue;
• enhances the formation of synovial fluid in the joints;
• increases the range of motion in joints affected by arthrosis and reduces pain in them;
• has an anti-inflammatory effect on joint tissues;
• improves cartilage restoration;
• helps improve calcium-phosphorus metabolism in connective tissue;
• slows down the “leaching” of calcium from bones;
• stimulates the formation of glycosaminoglycans, beneficial for connective tissue, as well as hyaluronic acid.

Thanks to all these beneficial functions, chondroitin sulfate is an indispensable substance for the normal functioning of connective tissue, especially cartilage and joints.

If the body produces it in insufficient quantities, then it must be supplied from the outside in “ready” or partial form. For these purposes, connective tissue used in food is best suited, including animal and fish cartilage. It is these foods that contain cholesterol and GS in large quantities.

But, since there is little such food in the diet of a modern person, for joint diseases, especially arthrosis, medications containing chondroitin sulfate are prescribed.

Despite the fact that the clinical effectiveness of both of these chondroprotectors has not yet been fully proven, and the therapeutic effect of cholesterol remains controversial, the use of this substance, at least in the form of dietary supplements, is well proven.

What medications contain

Medicines containing the drug chondroitin sulfate include such drugs as Chondrolone, Structum, Chondroitin-AKOS, Chondroxide and others.

These medications are produced both in the form of tablets for oral administration, and in the form of solutions for intramuscular injection, as well as in the form of cream (Chondroxide).

What is important for the patient to remember

Let's summarize. So, as you can see, chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate are substances that are extremely important for our body, as they help the normal functioning of connective tissue, primarily cartilage and joints. These compounds are especially important in severe diseases, such as osteochondrosis.

Therefore, if the first signs of such diseases occur, consult a competent arthrologist or rheumatologist as soon as possible. He will prescribe the necessary treatment, which may include various chondroprotectors containing chondroprotectors of both natural origin (or) and artificially synthesized analogues - Artra, Teraflex, Dona and others.

The earlier such treatment is started, the greater the chance that the disease can be stopped at earlier stages, keep the joints healthy and avoid severe and.