Whether it is possible to cure a chronic mycoplasmosis. Treatment of mycoplasmosis with folk remedies
Mycoplasmosis is a serious disease that carries the risk of complications without effective and competent treatment. This disease is caused by the microorganism mycoplasma, which can be on the mucous membranes in the human body for a long time. If you suspect this disease, you must definitely consult a doctor to identify mycoplasmosis and treat it in order to avoid serious consequences for the body.
What is this?
The disease is caused by the pathogen Mycoplasma. Such microorganisms are of various types, but only a few of them are dangerous to humans - Mycoplasma Genitalium, Hominis, Pneumonia. It is these pathogens that pose a threat to humans and require treatment. They "settle" on the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system or respiratory tract (depending on the species, they choose different habitats).
Mycoplasmosis is a very serious disease that leads to inflammation of the genitourinary system. It can also cause changes in the qualitative and quantitative indicators of seminal fluid in men. But this disease is especially dangerous for pregnant women. There is a threat of miscarriage, spontaneous miscarriages, as well as the occurrence of various fetal pathologies (including pneumonia, visual impairment).
Mycoplasmosis is transmitted in most cases sexually, therefore, if an infection is detected, treatment of mycoplasma must be carried out by both partners. The second most common is the vertical route of transmission, that is, from mother to child during pregnancy. The possibility of infection with a microorganism through the personal belongings of the patient is not excluded, although this route of transmission has not yet been proven.
The risk factors for mycoplasmosis should also be noted:
- Reduced level of immunity;
- A history of abortion;
- Postponed surgical interventions;
- Pregnancy and childbirth;
- Diseases of an infectious nature.
Symptoms of the disease
In the vast majority of cases, mycoplasmosis does not manifest itself for a long time, proceeding absolutely asymptomatically, in such cases it can be detected by chance. With an asymptomatic course of the disease, an exacerbation is also possible, the cause of which is stress, surgeries (mainly on the pelvic organs), as well as a decrease in immunity.
It is worth noting that the symptoms of mycoplasmosis in men and women are somewhat different.
Symptoms of the disease in women
In women, the infection is manifested by symptoms such as:
- Clear or whitish vaginal discharge;
- The appearance of itching in the genitals;
- From the middle of menstruation to its end, painful sensations may appear;
- Burning sensation when urinating;
- Pain in the lower abdomen;
- Pain during intercourse.
Depending on how mycoplasma has manifested itself, a woman may experience diseases such as urethritis, vaginitis, endometritis, adnexitis and others.
Symptoms of the disease in men
In men, mycoplasma can manifest itself with such signs:
- Clear discharge from the urethra;
- Redness of the mucous membrane around the urethra;
- Burning sensation, toothache and pain during urination;
- Redness of the scrotum;
- Pain in the groin.
The presence of mycoplasma in the body can cause urethritis, orchitis, prostatitis and even infertility in men.
Complications of mycoplasmosis
If mycoplasma is detected, treatment must be carried out in accordance with the doctor's recommendations. Otherwise, various serious complications may occur, including:
- female infertility. It appears as a result of the development of endometritis or inflammatory processes in the fallopian tubes.
- . Due to damage to the prostate and testicles, significant structural and quantitative changes in sperm parameters are possible, which leads to the impossibility of conception.
- Pathologies of pregnancy, including miscarriages, as well as premature births.
- development of autoimmune diseases.
To avoid such serious complications, it is necessary immediately after the onset of symptoms of the disease to consult a doctor - a gynecologist for women or a urologist for men. Only a specialist will be able to determine how to cure mycoplasmosis, depending on its pathogen and drug sensitivity.
Diagnosis of mycoplasmosis
Modern medicine has several methods for detecting mycoplasma in the human body. In addition to examining a doctor and taking an anamnesis, laboratory tests are also required to effectively determine the presence of a microorganism in various human biological fluids.
One of the very effective methods for determining mycoplasma is a bacteriological (cultural) study of a smear taken from women from the vagina, and from men from the urethra. This method allows you to determine the presence of infection in the body with a high probability, as well as to count the number of microorganisms in ml of the taken biological fluid. A significant disadvantage of the method is its duration - up to 10 days may be required to obtain results.
The PCR method (polymerase chain reaction) is the most effective of all existing ones, since it is able to determine the presence of infection with a probability of up to 96% in the same fluids that are taken for the bacteriological method. This technique detects the presence of mycoplasma DNA, and therefore has such a high sensitivity. This method is the only one that helps to detect the presence of Mycoplasma genitalium, since the culture method will take up to 5 months to identify this type of bacterium.
Serological studies are conducted less frequently, as they have a lower efficiency. ELISA blood test reveals the presence of antibodies to mycoplasma in the patient's blood. But this study can show the presence of antibodies in the event that the patient has previously met with the infection, but at the moment it is not. So, in the blood of a patient, antibodies can be detected if the patient has a cured mycoplasmosis in the anamnesis.
If, as a result of the examination, mycoplasma was found in a person, it is necessary to start adequate therapy that can defeat the infection in the patient's body.
How to treat mycoplasma?
If mycoplasmosis is detected, treatment is carried out exclusively with the use of antibacterial drugs - without them it is impossible to get rid of microorganisms. In some cases, the attending physician may prescribe a whole range of drugs, among which, in addition to antibiotics, there are probiotics, vitamins, and immunostimulating drugs.
"Treatment of mycoplasmosis is carried out with the obligatory intake of antibiotics."
Antibacterial therapy should be carried out exclusively under the supervision of the attending physician, since self-administration of drugs can not only not cure the disease, but also harm the body. Moreover, when prescribing an antibiotic, the doctor relies on test data - the bacteriological method and PCR provide information about which antibacterial agents are effective in each case.
When treating mycoplasmosis with antibiotics, it is important to follow a few simple but extremely important rules. First of all, you should strictly observe all the terms prescribed by the doctor for taking medications, their dosages. It is categorically impossible to change the drugs on your own - this can lead to a lack of effect from the treatment. If side effects occur, you should report them to your doctor. It is strictly forbidden to drink alcoholic beverages during therapy.
Since mycoplasma is sexually transmitted, it is necessary to treat both partners. At the time of treatment, it is recommended to refuse sexual intercourse, even if the partner is also being treated with an antibiotic.
For Mycoplasma Hominis, doctors prescribe metronidazole or clindamycin. A feature of the course of this disease is the possibility of using local drugs.
Popular antibacterial drugs that are used for such a pathogen are:
- Trichopolum. Available in tablets. It allows you to cure not only mycoplasmosis, but also other diseases that often accompany this disease - chlamydia, trichomoniasis and others. An important feature of the drug is the possibility of using it in combination with antibiotics of another series to increase the effectiveness of treatment.
- Metrogyl. This drug is available in both tablets and gels. It shows a fairly high efficiency against mycoplasma. It can also be given to men for external use.
For the treatment of Mycoplasma Genitalium, antibacterial drugs of the tetracycline series and macrolides are prescribed.
Among the antibiotics that are active in this type of pathogen, the following are especially often used:
- Sumamed. It is used in the form of tablets for a course of 3 or 5 days (usually taken 1 tablet a day at the same time). A feature of this agent in the fight against mycoplasma is its ability to accumulate in cells and tissues, since this pathogen is an intracellular microorganism. This makes the drug highly effective.
- Azithromycin. The drug tends to penetrate into the tissues of the genitourinary system and accumulate there, which allows you to effectively eliminate all microorganisms in mycoplasmosis. For the same reason, this antibiotic is also indicated for the treatment of many other diseases of the reproductive system.
- Doxycycline. Usually, its use is prescribed in capsules, washed down with water, in rare cases, intravenous administration of an antibiotic may be indicated. This drug can be used by pregnant and lactating mothers. The standard course of treatment with this drug is 14 days.
- Wilprafen. It is produced in the form of tablets, which must be taken at intervals of 12 hours (twice a day) for at least 10 days (the duration of the course is prescribed by the attending physician). It can be used by children from infancy (a suspension is available for children).
- Amoxiclav. the drug is rapidly absorbed, so it begins to act quickly enough. Especially often it is prescribed to women, since it tends to accumulate in the ovaries and uterus, exerting its effect. For the same reason, it is not prescribed during pregnancy.
- Tetracycline. It can be used in tablets and ointments for external use. It is very effective in mycoplasmosis, as it is very effective in defeating these microorganisms.
Antibiotics are quite aggressive means, so they kill not only pathogenic, but also beneficial microflora. In order to prevent the replacement of “good” microflora with aggressive species during antibiotic treatment, it is imperative to take drugs from the group of probiotics that “inhabit” the body with bifidus and lactobacilli. For this purpose, Hilak Forte, Linex, Bifiform, Normoflorin, Lacidophil, Bifidumbacterin are prescribed. The scheme and terms of taking such medicines are determined by the doctor.
When treating Mycoplasma Genitalium, doctors also recommend taking antifungal drugs, such as Fluconazole. The treatment regimen can be scheduled for several days while taking antibiotics or for one day after the end of the course. In some cases, a doctor may prescribe douching medications such as Miramistin or Chlorhexidine.
Also, in the vast majority of cases, doctors recommend taking multivitamin preparations, since mycoplasma has a peculiarity to manifest itself against a background of weakened immunity. Vitamin complexes are designed to increase the body's defense mechanisms.
Due to a weakened immune system that is unable to fight this serious infection, it is important to take immunostimulants during treatment as well to correct an immunodeficiency state. For these purposes, drugs such as Mycoplasma-Imun (introduced intramuscularly), Interferon, Anaferon, Wobenzym can be prescribed. It is also possible to use natural immunomodulators - Lemongrass, Ginseng, Eleutherococcus, Echinacea Purpurea.
At the end of treatment, it is important to undergo a second examination for the presence of mycoplasma in the body. Only after conducting an examination of the same type as during the initial examination, it is possible to make sure that the patient has recovered. In some cases, it is recommended to undergo not one, but several repeated examinations. It is important that the study be conducted no earlier than one month after the end of treatment with antibacterial drugs, as this may distort the results of the analysis.
Prevention
Treatment of mycoplasmosis is quite lengthy and is carried out with very serious drugs. Therefore, it is much better to take preventive measures regularly to avoid infection.
The rules for the prevention of this disease are mainly in the rejection of unprotected sexual intercourse with unfamiliar partners, as well as an annual complete examination for infections that can be sexually transmitted. Also, with the appearance of any sexual infections, it is necessary to treat them in a timely manner with the subsequent diagnosis of cure.
Mycoplasmosis is a very serious disease and can occur both in women and men, and in children. To avoid complications of the disease, timely diagnosis is important. And how to properly treat mycoplasma, only the attending physician can tell - he prescribes therapy depending on gender, age, medical history, as well as on the results of tests showing the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics. Self-treatment can only aggravate the course of the disease.
If you are interested in the opinion of a practitioner regarding the issue should mycoplasma be treated then read this article carefully.
To date, in our medical practice, the number of cases of diseases such as chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis and their mixed forms. The fight against these types of infections is complicated by rapidly developing resistance to antibiotic therapy.
All diseases that are caused by mycoplasmas are united in the group of mycoplasmoses. In all these species, the causative agents are mycoplasmas. According to the classification, they belong to the Mycoplasmataceae family. This family is divided into two genera, one of which is mycoplasma (Mycoplasma), others - ureaplasma (Ureaplasma). Researchers are forced to study them closely, as a large number of diseases caused by them have been identified. Moreover, there are about 100 species of mycoplasmas, and ureaplasmas in the total population of 3 species. At the same time, 5 species pathogenic for humans have been identified.
They can be causative agents of both respiratory and urogenital diseases.
Let us dwell in more detail on urogenital mycoplasmosis.
Mycoplasma is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections detected in the process of laboratory diagnosis of the contents of the urethra in men, as well as the cervical canal in women.
According to such researchers as Delektorskiy V.V. and Mavrov I.I., the widespread prevalence of mycoplasma infection, the difficulty in laboratory diagnosis, the high frequency of sexual transmission and the absolute inadequacy of treatment at the present stage can lead to an increase and even predominance over sexually transmitted infections.
What exactly is the difficulty of treating mycoplasma infection?
After passing laboratory tests for sexually transmitted infections, if mycoplasmas are detected, a young man or woman is diagnosed with mycoplasma infection. Subsequently, the strongest antibiotic therapy, vitamins, immunostimulants and other dubious drugs are prescribed.
The story is especially comical (or tragic) when the patient has one permanent sexual partner, or there is no partner at all now. And he really wonders where did mycoplasma come from?
So let's explain that urogenital mycoplasmosis quite common and most often occurs in patients with increased sexual activity.
It should be noted that mycoplasma infection rarely occurs as a monoinfection (only in 15% of cases), while in the rest it is accompanied by other sexual infections (for example, chlamydia).
According to various sources, the prevalence of mycoplasmas (M. hominis) among the population varies from 20 to 50%, in other words, they can be found in half of the population to one degree or another. However, in women it is detected more often and is noted in higher titers.
As a rule, the infection caused by mycoplasmas is mild and oligosymptomatic or completely asymptomatic, therefore, due to the absence of symptoms after a period of more than 2 months, it can turn into a chronic form (or, in other words, into a latent infection). Such an infection under the influence of various factors (including stress) can turn into an acute form.
What happens during an exacerbation of mycoplasma infection? The inflammatory process begins. In men, it can be prostatitis, urethritis. In women, it can be endometritis, salpingitis, endocervicitis.
The incubation period for the development of an infectious disease is up to 5 weeks. In the case that most often carriers are women, and men get the infection sexually. However, there are also factors that provoke the development of infection, for example, pregnancy, childbirth, hormonal changes, weakened immunity, the addition of another infection.
Therefore, according to our experts, in the presence of any urogenital symptoms of unclear etiology, it is necessary to conduct a laboratory analysis for sexually transmitted infections. And in the case of pronounced symptoms of the inflammatory process, antibiotic therapy should be carried out with drugs to which mycoplasmas are sensitive. Such a drug can only be selected by a doctor. When using antibiotics that are inappropriate for this infection, therapy is meaningless.
Is there a cure for mycoplasma?
Although the infection itself does not seem dangerous, mild, however, it is most often sown in diseases such as prostatitis, epididymitis, vesiculitis, complicated pregnancies, miscarriage, urolithiasis, cystitis, and others.
Thus, mycoplasma infection can play, although not a direct, but an indirect role in the development of these diseases.
Thus, regardless of the clinical manifestations, the key steps in the treatment of mycoplasma are additional studies for the presence of fungi, viruses and various bacteria. In some cases, the emphasis is not on antibiotic therapy, but on increasing immunity, improving microflora. Accordingly, complex therapy is carried out.
Important! In the treatment of infection caused by mycoplasmas, both partners are involved! Otherwise, treatment is useless, since in 100% of cases re-infection occurs.
Management of patients with mycoplasma
However, as already mentioned, mycoplasmas are sown in almost half of the population. Accordingly, it is not the fact of presence/absence that matters, but the quantity.
Couples often come to us, who with horror give a sheet from the laboratory, where it is written in red and white - mycoplasma has been detected. Young people from a couple are ready to tear each other to pieces for treason. And the seven circles of hell begin, antibiotics, tests, antibiotics, tests. And the infection remains in place and does not disappear anywhere. The situation is heating up ... Everyone thinks that the second one brings a second infection from the outside.
In addition, the individual immune component of each patient, the characteristics of the clinical manifestations of the disease are taken into account without fail.
Mycoplasmosis in men is treated by a urologist, in women a gynecologist.
If the infection is expressed in any symptoms, then treatment is carried out without fail. In addition, the risk group includes citizens with an active sexual position (in the presence of several sexual partners), planning a pregnancy, having diseases of the genitourinary system.
It is important to note that if a young couple is planning a pregnancy and they have this infection, then treatment is mandatory, since it is impossible to predict what complications a woman can have during pregnancy caused by this infection.
However, do not be very afraid, only a lazy doctor does not treat mycoplasmosis and ureaplasmosis, you do not need to run headlong and buy half of the pharmacy to cure this disease (maybe this is not an illness at all).
Active treatment of mycoplasmosis began with the advent of PCR diagnostics, when it became very cost-effective to detect such microorganisms. Some doctors consider them to be the culprits of almost all non-bacterial prostatitis and urethritis. Other doctors assert and frighten young citizens in impending infertility and miscarriages.
Young and inexperienced actively buy all stocks of antibiotics in the nearest pharmacies, successfully understand all the names of fluoroquinols. At the same time, many of the young couples are disappointed in intimate life, acquire a fear of sexual contact.
However, today this active epic has subsided a bit, the population began to actively self-educate in matters of medicine, and then they became aware of the presence of mycoplasmas in almost half of the population, while some of them have concomitant diseases, and someone is completely healthy. Thus, it is impossible to say with 100% certainty that mycoplasmosis is a terrible incurable disease that must be treated immediately. On the contrary, you need to approach the examination and treatment with a cool head. It is important not to cling to the numbers, but to look at the big picture.
Recent research highlights important points:
- it is not recommended to examine pregnant women for mycoplasmas, especially to carry out any treatment and prevention during pregnancy;
- in the absence of any symptoms, treatment is not required;
- with a constant antibody titer (according to test results), treatment is not required;
- testing for mycoplasma in persons with prostatitis is not required.
Accordingly, the sowing of mycoplasmas in the analyzes is not an indication for treatment, because these bacteria are part of the microflora of a healthy person.
Think! If the doctor insists on treatment simply on the basis of bakposev or the PCR method (without dynamics), then this is pure swindle.
However, it is worth noting that if an increase in their number is detected in the dynamics, it can cause diseases, such as urethritis in men, salpingitis in females.
Although in practice such patients are still treated according to the classical scheme (from gonococcal and chlamydial infections).
The standard scheme is called antibiotic therapy, selected according to the types of sensitivity of infections. Self-selection of an antibiotic threatens to chronicize the disease.
Together with the doctor, according to the results of treatment, the dynamics of the patient's condition, the presence of symptoms are analyzed.
I give many of my patients a course of psychotherapy and let them enjoy life. Because there is nothing to be treated for what is not.
The smallest organism - mycoplasma - causes mycoplasmosis, which in the early stages of the disease proceeds without symptoms. The term means not one, but several infectious diseases, the foci of inflammation of which are concentrated in the genitourinary organs in both men and women.
What is mycoplasma
Mycoplasma infection in women is caused by a specific pathogen that has a very small size. Mycoplasma is a tiny microorganism, located between bacteria and viruses in terms of development. It cannot be attributed to viruses, because mycoplasmas are able to multiply outside of cells; for bacteria, these microorganisms are too small. However, some doctors, answering the question of what mycoplasma is in women, consider it possible to attribute this microorganism to bacteria of a separate species.
Symptoms of mycoplasmosis in women
Often mycoplasmosis proceeds latently and asymptomatically, without showing any signs of disease. Symptoms of mycoplasmosis in women are exacerbated by various factors with a weakened immune system. Microbial activation occurs in stressful situations. Since mycoplasmosis is a collection of diseases of the genitourinary system, the symptoms will depend on the form of which disease this infection has taken:
- With cystitis and pyelonephritis, a person suffers from pain during urination, in the side or lower back, itching and burning, and fever.
- If the infection takes the form of vaginitis or cervicitis, then the woman has vaginal discharge, burning and itching in the genitals.
- In the case of endometritis, inflammation of the cervix or ovaries, pulling pains in the lower abdomen will let you know about the infectious mycoplasmal process.
Causes of mycoplasmosis in women
Medical statistics indicate that the main cause of mycoplasmosis in women is considered to be the transmission of the microbe through sexual contact with unprotected oral and genital sexual contact. Mycoplasmosis can be accompanied by infectious sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis. To a lesser extent, there is a risk of contracting mycoplasmas through household items - toilet seats, washcloths. It is extremely rare that infection occurs through non-sterile medical instruments.
Infection with mycoplasmas can occur during childbirth - if a pregnant woman has been infected, the infection occurs in a newborn girl in almost 60% of cases. The probability of infection through common objects of use is low, but ranges from 10 to 17% in girls who have not begun sexual activity, but are already infected with a pathogen.
Mycoplasmosis in pregnant women
A huge threat to the mother and baby is the acute course of mycoplasmosis in pregnant women. Mycoplasma hominis in women carrying a child can cause severe toxicosis in late pregnancy, early rupture of amniotic fluid, bleeding, placental abruption, obstetric abortion, premature birth. Often, when the mother is infected, the infectious process affects the fetus, and the child can be born with a focal inflammatory process in the form of meningitis, pneumonia, or some kind of intrauterine malformation.
Types of mycoplasma
In total, there are about two hundred types of mycoplasma. These bacteria can live on the ground, plants, animals and humans. It is generally accepted that only 16 species of these small bacteria are conditionally pathogenic for humans. The following types of mycoplasmas can cause inflammatory diseases:
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae. It provokes acute respiratory diseases of the respiratory organs, pneumonia.
- Mycoplasma hominis causes various vaginoses.
- Mycoplasma genitalium in women and men provokes an exacerbation of diseases of the genitourinary system.
- Mycoplasma incognitos may be involved in the spread of a poorly understood disease called Generalized Infection.
- Mycoplasma fermentans and penetrans are diagnosed when a person is HIV positive.
Diagnosis of mycoplasmosis in women
It is impossible to detect an infectious infection by a simple clinical examination, by a smear on the microflora of the vagina, during a gynecological examination or when reading an anamnesis. Diagnosis of mycoplasmosis in women is carried out by complex methods, the most common of which is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which allows to detect infection with an accuracy of 95%. Sowing for infection reveals only one pathogen - hominis, besides, it will take a week to wait for the result.
Immunofluorescence reaction methods and enzyme immunoassay help to detect the causative agent of diseases, however, the accuracy of such diagnostic methods is low and reaches about 60%. Indirect diagnostic methods using an echogram of the pelvic organs, kidneys and bladder make it possible to determine the presence of foci of inflammation in these organs, and to suggest mycoplasmosis.
Analysis for mycoplasmosis in women
The polymerase chain reaction method is carried out by taking material for analysis for mycoplasmosis in women from the genitourinary tract by cell scraping. Sometimes doctors prefer to take blood from a finger to determine the causative agent. If the analysis is performed by seeding bacteria, then the material for it is the cells of the cervix, urethra or vagina. With enzyme immunoassay, blood is taken from a vein for analysis.
Mycoplasma treatment
Nephrologists and gynecologists practice the following approach to the treatment of infection: if a person has inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, such as glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, inflammation of the ovaries and cervix, when prescribing a course of treatment and taking the necessary tests, you need to remember that all these diseases may be caused by mycoplasmosis.
Treatment of mycoplasma with drugs
Since the bacterium lacks a cell wall envelope, treatment of mycoplasma with drugs from the group of broad-spectrum antibiotics will not lead to the desired result. In this regard, doctors use the following drugs for mycoplasmosis:
- Erythromycin. This antibiotic has a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect on microbes, preventing them from multiplying.
- Wilprafen. It is prescribed for pneumonia because of its ability to accumulate in the tissues of the lungs.
- Azithromycin or Sumamed. Like erythromycin, it is a bacteriostatic, but it takes longer to be removed from the gastrointestinal tract, due to which the course of treatment is greatly reduced compared to other drugs.
- Doxycycline. The active substance in it is tetracycline, so this drug should not be drunk by children and pregnant women.
- Trichopol is prescribed for urogenital infections in order to cope with both the disease and the pathogen.
- Metronidazole. An antimicrobial drug designed to weaken the effect of bacteria by disrupting protein synthesis in cells.
The scheme of treatment of mycoplasmosis in women with drugs
Depending on the medication used and the nature of the disease, the treatment regimen for mycoplasmosis in women occurs according to the doctor's prescriptions and in accordance with the instructions for the drug. For example, taking Azithromycin or Sumamed may consist of only three tablets to be taken once a day. In addition to antibiotics and for prevention, the doctor may include vaginal douching with antiseptic agents in the course of therapy.
Candles for mycoplasmosis in women
To increase the likelihood of getting rid of germs, doctors may prescribe vaginal suppositories for mycoplasmosis in women. However, we must not forget that this kind of therapy should take place only in combination with antibiotics, otherwise there will be no therapeutic effect. Candles contain the same antibacterial drugs that a person takes orally. Suppositories can be prescribed for both women (genital suppositories) and men (urethral suppositories).
Video: how to cure mycoplasma
In nature, there are a huge number of microorganisms that can cause serious health problems for women. Such pathogenic flora include mycoplasmas.
Once in the body, they can cause mycoplasmosis - a disease that is extremely unpleasant in terms of consequences, although it proceeds easily and without severe symptoms.
What is the danger of mycoplasma in women, the symptoms and treatment of mycoplasmosis, as well as preventive measures, we will carefully consider in this article.
Species: Hominis, Genitalium and Pneumonic
Biologists have not yet agreed on who to consider them - bacteria, viruses or fungi.
Having a cellular structure, like a bacterium, mycoplasma, like a virus, does not have a cell wall. and has an extremely small size - 300 nm.
Unlike viruses These pathogens can live outside of cells. They settle on the epithelial layer of the respiratory or genitourinary organs and gradually penetrate into its thickness. Microorganisms reproduce by budding.
In nature, there are many varieties of mycoplasmas. Fortunately, only 3 of them are dangerous for humans.
Types of mycoplasma hominis, genitalium settle in the urinary system of a woman and cause her damage. A species of mycoplasma pneumonia causes diseases of the respiratory system.
Normally, mycoplasmas in a small amount can live in a completely healthy organism. without causing pathology.
But as soon as the woman's immune system weakens, any adverse effects can cause the activation of microorganisms.
While biologists deal with classification problems, doctors have found ways to combat this pathogen.
Ways of infection
Mycoplasmas cannot live outside the host organism.. They have a very short lifespan in the environment. This determines the path of infection.
Ordinary household contact will not lead to infection with hominis, genitalium. That is, handshakes, kisses, shared towels and dishes will not be a source of infection. Living in the same house with a patient with such mycoplasmosis is not dangerous.
That's why mycoplasmosis can be attributed to the group of STDs, sexually transmitted diseases. The presence of gonorrhea or only aggravate the course of the disease.
In this case, the carrier of the disease can itself remain only a carrier. If he has strong immunity, then mycoplasmas in his body will be present in small quantities. Also, this type of mycoplasma passed from mother to embryo.
And here mycoplasma pneumonia is transmitted by airborne droplets. Therefore, it is quite possible for them to become infected in everyday life or on the street.
The incubation period of infection with mycoplasma lasts quite a long time - 3-5 weeks, although sometimes mycoplasmosis in women can appear as early as two weeks later.
Therefore, due to such a long latency period it becomes problematic to identify the source of infection.
Respiratory mycoplasmosis - infection, symptoms, diagnosis, consequences and treatment:
Causes
So, the disease is caused by mycoplasmas. However, not all carriers get sick.
For that, so that the carriage passed into mycoplasmosis, it is required that favorable conditions for the reproduction of mycoplasmas appear in the body. First of all - the weakening of the protective forces.
This can lead to:
signs
With respiratory mycoplasmosis, the incubation period lasts 7-14 days. This form is more pronounced. With her, patients complain of:
- increase in body temperature;
- bouts of severe coughing;
- pain and redness in the throat;
- nasal discharge.
At the same time, the sick person experiences all the signs of intoxication of the body.- weakness, fatigue, nausea, chills, fever.
The danger of respiratory mycoplasmosis is that it can lead to pneumonia. In this case, the classical treatment will not give an effect, which should alert the attending physician and suspect the presence of mycoplasmas.
Such a complication develops if pathogens affect the lower respiratory tract. Such pneumonia can lead to bronchiectasis (bronchodilation) and pneumosclerosis.
Urogenital mycoplasmosis differs by a much longer incubation period - from 2 weeks to 3-5 months.
10-40% of women who become ill do not feel any symptoms at all and the presence of mycoplasmas is discovered by chance during examination for STDs. In others, the manifestations of the disease are quite common.
Because of this, it can be confused with banal cystitis and other genitourinary infections.
How does mycoplasmosis manifest itself in women in the genital area, what are the symptoms of mycoplasma infection? The beginning is characterized by:
There may also be pain and discomfort during intercourse. But all these symptoms at first either do not attach importance, or consider them the beginning.
The acute form tends to become chronic when improvement occurs and the symptoms disappear before new provocative conditions arise.
Any hypothermia, stress, hormonal fluctuations lead to the activation of mycoplasmas. However, often a woman believes that she has relapsed into an exacerbation of cystitis and does not attach much importance to this.
Symptoms largely depend on where the protozoa are based.
If they hit the external genitalia, then symptoms such as itching, burning, discharge come to the fore. Or the disease is generally asymptomatic.
If the infection has spread to the internal organs, then the woman will feel pain in the lower back in the abdomen, and the discharge will become more abundant and even purulent.
Burning and itching during urination will be more pronounced. Most often, damage to external organs occurs.
Mycoplasmosis symptoms may resemble, vaginosis, inflammatory diseases of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
Since these pathogens can occur in combination with other types and, then the manifestations of the disease can be varied.
If the disease affects the internal organs, then it, in the end, can lead to the development of salpingitis (an inflammatory process in the appendages).
If mycoplasmas enter the uterus, then this can provoke the development of endometritis. This variation of endometritis is characterized by cycle disorders and bleeding.
Mycoplasma-induced adnexitis can result in a strong inflammatory process in the ovaries with an abscess and adhesion of the organ to the fallopian tubes.
In this case, the woman complains of severe back pain, cycle failures and pain during intercourse.
Acute and chronic mycoplasmosis in women - symptoms, treatment and prevention:
Danger of infection
Discomfort is not at all the most terrible consequence of the reproduction of mycoplasmas.
Unfortunately, mycoplasmosis is dangerous not by itself, but by the consequences that it can cause.
Long-term infection with Mycoplasma hominis in women leads to the development of:
Recent studies have shown that people with arthritis are often affected by mycoplasmas, which provoke inflammatory diseases of the joints.
In severe cases, if the body's defenses are completely depleted, sepsis may develop.
Mycoplasmosis is especially dangerous for pregnant women.. It can cause various pathologies of fetal development or complications of pregnancy up to miscarriage. Subsequently, secondary infertility may develop.
Mycoplasmosis in pregnant women
Pregnancy is always an additional burden on all body systems. Accordingly, his defenses at this time are reduced. And this can serve as a trigger for the disease if the woman was a carrier of the simplest.
Developing infection with mycoplasma in women during pregnancy in the first or second trimester is fraught with miscarriages and the so-called when the embryo stops developing.
Late pregnancy increases the risk of preterm birth. It intensifies if the infection spreads to the fetal bladder, as in this case, the water can move away prematurely.
During childbirth, the mother infects the baby. This is fraught with the development of meningitis.
In the early postpartum period, mycoplasmas can provoke pneumonia or acute endometritis. It manifests itself as a severe postpartum infection.
Therefore, when mycoplasmas are detected, treatment is required. However, it is not recommended to carry it out in the first trimester, since the drugs can adversely affect the development of the fetus and lead to pathologies of its internal organs and systems.
Mycoplasmosis in women during pregnancy:
Diagnostics
Diagnosis is difficult due to the extremely small size of mycoplasmas. Therefore, in order to accurately determine the pathogen, DNA diagnostics are carried out. Its accuracy is 95%.
If there is purulent discharge, then sowing is done. Its accuracy is one hundred percent, but the result will have to wait a week.
Less informative tests for mycoplasma in women are ELISA and PIF (detection of enzyme-linked immunosorbent antibodies in the blood). But their advantage is speed and low cost.
Since in this case false positive and false negative results are often obtained, it makes sense to repeat the analysis a month after treatment.
In order to do research, swab is taken for mycoplasma in women, not only in the urethra and vagina, but also from the cervix. It is also necessary to do urinalysis, for which the morning portion is taken.
Differential diagnosis of mycoplasmosis: smear, blood, culture, PCR, cultural methods
Therapy regimen
How to cure mycoplasma in women? Therapy must be comprehensive.. It includes:
- local treatment;
- taking antibacterial drugs;
- diet
- physiotherapy;
- taking immunomodulatory drugs.
In the vast majority of cases, an effective treatment can be found. It is prescribed only according to the results of the tests, since pathogens of different types are destroyed by different groups of antibiotics.
Taking drugs - immunomodulators and antibiotics
To enhance the action of drugs in parallel prescribe immunomodulators Cycloferon or Likopid designed to strengthen the body's defenses. Itching, burning and discomfort are well relieved by local preparations - suppositories and ointments.
It is important to realize that the treatment will be long. If you stop it at the first sign of improvement, then very soon the mycoplasmas will multiply again and a relapse will occur.
Drink plenty of water during therapy in order to remove toxins from the body that are formed during the destruction of mycoplasmas. Since these microorganisms are often found together with others, complex therapy can be prescribed.
The drugs of first choice are such tetracycline antibiotics, macrolides, lincosamines and fluoroquinols - Tetracycline, Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline. Gives good effect Erythromycin, Summamed.
Antibiotic therapy usually lasts 10 days, depending on the severity and symptoms of the disease. In parallel, anti-inflammatory and antipruritic vaginal suppositories are prescribed for 5-7 days.
For the treatment of the vagina and the destruction of mycoplasmas are placed swabs with chymotrypsin or trypsin.
After two weeks, a re-analysis is done. Based on his data, the doctor decides whether to continue treatment and whether there is a need to change the drug.
Antibacterial drugs should be combined with using probiotics such as Acipol in order to prevent the destruction of the intestinal microflora.
Sexual contacts and partner treatment
Mycoplasmosis should be treated immediately in both partners. Otherwise, it is completely meaningless due to constant re-infection. At the time of treatment, sexual intercourse is better to exclude.
How to treat folk remedies
You should not even look for ways to treat folk methods. There are no herbs that can kill mycoplasma. The only way traditional medicine can help is to strengthen the immune system.
Immunomodulatory decoctions of herbs can be used in complex therapy. After treatment, they will help prevent weakening of the body and re-infection.
Treatment of acute and chronic mycoplasmosis:
Prevention
Since mycoplasmosis is a sexually transmitted disease, the method of prevention is standard here - the exclusion of casual sexual partners and the use of barrier means - condoms.
If you suspect an infection, you should consult a doctor who will prescribe drugs for preventive treatment. This should be done no later than a few days after unplanned casual sex.
Forecast
The disease is completely curable at any stage.. The main thing is to undergo a detailed examination, identify the pathogen and undergo treatment.
Despite the fact that mycoplasmas are recognized as opportunistic flora, the disease they cause is not at all harmless.
It can lead to serious inflammatory processes and even to tragedies - the loss of a child.
That's why even minor symptoms should not be ignored and hope for self-healing.
- This is one of the most common diseases, preferably sexually transmitted. This disease after infection of a person for a long time may not manifest itself. However, the treatment of mycoplasmosis is an important matter. In particular, it is necessary to pay attention to this infection for people planning a pregnancy, with a weakened immune system, with any autoimmune diseases. It should be noted that not all persons in whom the presence of mycoplasma is detected are sick. The fact is that an infectious agent is considered conditionally pathogenic - in other words, an infected person can live all his life and be a carrier of mycoplasma, which will not manifest itself in any way. But there are cases when, immediately after infection, clinical symptoms of an infectious disease are detected.
What are the indications for the treatment of mycoplasmosis?
The most important criterion for the need for treatment of mycoplasma infection is the presence of diseases caused by this parasite:- Vaginosis - this condition is characterized by itching in the genital area, soreness during genital intercourse, constant purulent or mucous discharge from the vagina.
- Infectious inflammatory process in the pelvic organs - this condition is characterized by pain in the lower abdomen, aggravated by genital intercourse. Perhaps the development of general symptoms: fever, leukocytosis, intoxication.
- Spontaneous abortion ( miscarriage) - in the early stages of pregnancy, there may be an increase in uterine tone and spontaneous abortion.
- Urethritis in women and men - inflammation of the urethra. It is characterized by itching, discomfort, burning or cutting in the urethra. The symptoms are aggravated by urination.
- cervicitis - inflammation of the cervical canal. This condition may be characterized by pain in the lower abdomen, painful sexual intercourse, mucopurulent discharge from the genital tract.
From the foregoing, it is clear that a comprehensive examination is necessary to diagnose diseases caused by mycoplasma. For women, it is necessary to conduct a clinical gynecological examination, ultrasound diagnostics of the pelvic organs, bacteriological examination of smears from the mucous membranes of the genital organs and the urethra, a biochemical blood test to detect sexually transmitted infections.
For the diagnosis of mycoplasmosis among the male population, a personal consultation of a urologist, a venereologist, a clinical and bacteriological examination is necessary.
