Calendar of preventive vaccinations for children: terms and features of vaccination. Update of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations of the Russian Federation Calendar of preventive vaccinations according to epidemic indications

Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated March 21, 2014 No. 252n

"On the approval of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations and the calendar of preventive vaccinations according to epidemic indications «

"National Immunization Schedule"

Age	Name of vaccination	Vaccines
Newborns (in the first 24 hours of life)	First Hepatitis B Vaccination¹	Euvax B 0.5
Newborns (3-7 days)	Tuberculosis vaccination 2	BCG-M
Children 1 month	Second vaccination against viral hepatitis B 1	Angerix V 0.5 Euvax B 0.5
Children 2 months	Third vaccination against viral hepatitis B (risk groups) 1 First vaccination against pneumococcal infection	Euvax B 0.5
Children 3 months	First vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus First vaccination against polio 4	Infanrix Poliorix Pentaxim
	First vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae (risk groups) 5	Act-HIB Hiberix Pentaxim
4.5 months	Second vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus Second vaccination against polio 4 Second pneumococcal vaccination	Infanrix Poliorix Pentaxim Prevenar 13
	Second vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae (risk groups) 5	Act-HIB Hiberix Pentaxim
6 months	Third vaccination against viral hepatitis B 1	Euvax B 0.5 Infanrix Hexa
	Third vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus Third vaccination against polio 6	Infanrix Poliorix Pentaxim Infanrix Hexa
	Third vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae (risk group) 5	Act-HIB Hiberix Pentaxim Infanrix Hexa
12 months	Fourth vaccination against viral hepatitis B (risk groups) 1	Measles Rubella
	15 months	Revaccination against pneumococcal infection	Prevenar 13
18 months	First revaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus First revaccination against polio 6	Infanrix Poliorix Pentaxim
	Revaccination against Haemophilus influenzae (risk group) 5	Act-HIB Hiberix
20 months	Second revaccination against polio 6	OPV
6 years	Revaccination against measles, rubella, mumps	Priorix Measles Rubella
6-7 years old	Second revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus 7	ADS-M
	Revaccination against tuberculosis 8	BCG-M
14 years	Third revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus 7
	Third revaccination against polio 6	Poliorix
Adults over 18 years old	Revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus - every 10 years from the last revaccination	ADS-M
Children from 1 to 18 years old, adults from 18 to 55 years old, not previously vaccinated	Vaccination against viral hepatitis B 9	Angerix V 0.5 Euvax B 0.5 Engerix B 1,0
Children from 1 to 18 years of age (inclusive), women from 18 to 25 years of age (inclusive), not sick, not vaccinated, vaccinated once against rubella, who do not have information about vaccinations against rubella	Rubella vaccination, rubella revaccination	Rubella
Children from 1 to 18 years of age (inclusive) and adults under 35 years of age (inclusive), who have not been ill, not vaccinated, vaccinated once, who do not have information about measles vaccinations; adults from 36 to 55 years old (inclusive) belonging to risk groups (employees of medical and educational organizations, trade, transport, municipal and social organizations; persons working on a rotational basis and employees of state control bodies at checkpoints across the state border of the Russian Federation ), not ill, not vaccinated, vaccinated once, not having information about vaccinations against measles	measles vaccination, measles revaccination	Measles
Children from 6 months; students in grades 1-11; students in professional educational organizations and educational institutions of higher education; adults working in certain professions and positions (employees of medical and educational organizations, transport, public utilities); pregnant women; adults over 60; persons subject to conscription for military service; people with chronic diseases, including lung disease, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders and obesity	Influenza vaccination	Vaxigripp Influvac Grippol+ Grippol quadrivalent Ultrix
	pneumococcal	Pneumo 23 Prevenar 13
Children and adults according to epidemiological indications	Meningococcal	Preventive vaccination calendar according to epidemic indications Name of vaccination Categories of citizens subject to preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications, and the procedure for their implementation Against tularemia Persons living in territories enzootic for tularemia, as well as those who arrived in these territories - agricultural, irrigation and drainage, construction, other works on excavation and movement of soil, procurement, commercial, geological, surveying, forwarding, deratization and pest control; * Persons working with live cultures of the tularemia pathogen. Against the plague Persons residing in plague-enzootic territories. Persons working with live cultures of the plague pathogen. Against brucellosis In the foci of goat-sheep type of brucellosis, persons performing the following work: - for the procurement, storage, processing of raw materials and livestock products obtained from farms where livestock diseases with brucellosis are recorded; - for the slaughter of livestock suffering from brucellosis, the procurement and processing of meat and meat products obtained from it. Animal breeders, veterinarians, livestock specialists in brucellosis enzootic farms. Persons working with live cultures of the causative agent of brucellosis. Against anthrax Persons performing the following work: - livestock veterinarians and other persons professionally engaged in ante-mortem keeping of livestock, as well as slaughter, skinning and butchering carcasses; – collection, storage, transportation and primary processing of raw materials of animal origin; - agricultural, irrigation and drainage, construction, excavation and movement of soil, procurement, commercial, geological, surveying, expeditionary in anthrax enzootic territories. Persons working with material suspected of being infected with anthrax. Against rabies For prophylactic purposes, people who are at high risk of contracting rabies are vaccinated: - persons working with "street" rabies virus; - veterinarians; huntsmen, hunters, foresters; persons performing work on catching and keeping animals. Against leptospirosis Persons performing the following work: - for the procurement, storage, processing of raw materials and livestock products obtained from farms located in areas enzootic for leptospirosis; - for the slaughter of livestock with leptospirosis, the procurement and processing of meat and meat products obtained from animals with leptospirosis; — on catching and keeping neglected animals. Persons working with live cultures of the causative agent of leptospirosis. Against tick-borne viral encephalitis Persons living in the territories endemic for tick-borne viral encephalitis, as well as persons who arrived in these territories and perform the following work: - agricultural, irrigation and drainage, construction, excavation and movement of soil, procurement, commercial, geological, surveying, forwarding, deratization and pest control; - logging, clearing and landscaping of forests, recreation and recreation areas for the population. Persons working with live cultures of the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis. Against Q fever Persons performing work on the procurement, storage, processing of raw materials and livestock products obtained from farms where diseases of cattle Q fever are recorded; Persons performing work on the preparation, storage and processing of agricultural products in the enzootic territories for Q fever. Persons working with live cultures of Q fever pathogens. against yellow fever Persons traveling outside the Russian Federation to countries (regions) enzootic for yellow fever. Persons working with live cultures of the yellow fever pathogen. against cholera Persons traveling to cholera-prone countries (regions). The population of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in case of complication of the sanitary and epidemiological situation for cholera in neighboring countries, as well as on the territory of the Russian Federation. Against typhoid fever Persons employed in the field of communal improvement (employees servicing sewer networks, facilities and equipment, as well as organizations engaged in sanitary cleaning of populated areas, collection, transportation and disposal of household waste. Persons working with live cultures of typhoid pathogens. Population living in areas with chronic waterborne epidemics of typhoid fever. Persons traveling to countries (regions) hyperendemic for typhoid fever. Contact persons in the foci of typhoid fever according to epidemiological indications. According to epidemic indications, vaccinations are carried out at the threat of an epidemic or outbreak (natural disasters, major accidents on the water supply and sewerage network), as well as during an epidemic, while mass vaccination of the population is carried out in the threatened area. Against viral hepatitis A Persons living in regions that are unfavorable for the incidence of hepatitis A, as well as persons at occupational risk of infection (medical workers, public service workers employed in food industry enterprises, as well as serving water and sewer facilities, equipment and networks). Persons traveling to disadvantaged countries (regions) where an outbreak of hepatitis A is recorded. Contact in the foci of hepatitis A. Against shigellosis Employees of medical organizations (their structural divisions) of an infectious profile. Persons employed in the field of public catering and public amenities. Children attending preschool educational institutions and leaving for organizations providing treatment, rehabilitation and (or) recreation (according to indications). According to epidemic indications, vaccinations are carried out at the threat of an epidemic or outbreak (natural disasters, major accidents on the water supply and sewerage network), as well as during an epidemic, while mass vaccination of the population is carried out in the threatened area. Preventive vaccinations are preferably carried out before the seasonal rise in the incidence of shigellosis. Against meningococcal infection Children and adults in foci of meningococcal infection caused by meningococci of serogroups A or C. Vaccination is carried out in endemic regions, as well as in the case of an epidemic caused by meningococci of serogroups A or C. Persons subject to conscription for military service. against measles Contact persons without age limit from the foci of the disease, who have not previously been ill, not vaccinated and do not have information about prophylactic vaccinations against measles, or once vaccinated. Against hepatitis B Contact persons from the outbreaks of the disease who have not been ill, not vaccinated and do not have information about prophylactic vaccinations against hepatitis B. against diphtheria Contact persons from the outbreaks of the disease who have not been ill, not vaccinated and do not have information about prophylactic vaccinations against diphtheria. Against mumps Contact persons from the foci of the disease who have not been ill, not vaccinated and do not have information about preventive vaccinations against mumps. Against polio Contact persons in the outbreaks of poliomyelitis, including those caused by wild poliovirus (or if the disease is suspected): - children from 3 months to 18 years - once; - medical workers - once; - children from endemic (unfavorable) for poliomyelitis of countries (regions), from 3 months to 15 years - once (in the presence of reliable data on previous vaccinations) or three times (in their absence); - persons without a fixed place of residence (if identified) from 3 months to 15 years - once (if there is reliable data on previous vaccinations) or three times (if they are absent); — persons who have been in contact with arrivals from endemic (unfavorable) for poliomyelitis of countries (regions), from 3 months of life without age restrictions - once; - persons working with live poliovirus, with materials infected (potentially infected) with wild poliomyelitis virus without age limit - once upon employment Against pneumococcal infection Children aged 2 to 5 years, adults at risk, including those subject to conscription for military service. Against rotavirus infection Children for active vaccination to prevent diseases caused by rotaviruses. against chickenpox Children and adults at risk, including those subject to conscription for military service, who have not previously been vaccinated and have not had chickenpox. Against Haemophilus influenzae Children not vaccinated in the first year of life against Haemophilus influenzae The procedure for carrying out preventive vaccinations for citizens within the framework of the calendar of preventive vaccinations according to epidemic indications 1. Preventive vaccinations within the framework of the preventive vaccination calendar for epidemic indications are carried out for citizens in medical organizations if such organizations have a license that provides for the performance of works (services) for vaccination (prophylactic vaccinations). 2. Vaccination is carried out by medical workers who have been trained in the use of immunobiological drugs for the immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases, the rules for the organization and technique of vaccination, as well as in the provision of medical care in an emergency or urgent form. 3. Vaccination and revaccination within the framework of the preventive vaccination schedule for epidemic indications is carried out with immunobiological medicinal products for the immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases, registered in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, according to the instructions for their use. 4. Before carrying out prophylactic vaccination, the person to be vaccinated or his legal representative (guardians) is explained the need for immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases, possible post-vaccination reactions and complications, as well as the consequences of refusing immunoprophylaxis, and informed voluntary consent to medical intervention is issued in accordance with the requirements of Article 20 of the Federal Law dated November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ “On the basics of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation”. eleven 11 Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2012, No. 26, art. 3442; No. 26, Art. 3446; 2013, no. 27, art. 3459; No. 27, art. 3477; No. 30, art. 4038; No. 48, art. 6165; No. 52, Art. 6951. 5. All persons who are to be vaccinated are subject to a preliminary examination by a doctor (paramedic). 12 12 Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated March 23, 2012 No. 252n “On approval of the procedure for assigning a medical assistant, a midwife to the head of a medical organization when organizing the provision of primary health care and emergency medical care of certain functions of the attending physician for the direct provision of medical care to the patient during the period of observation and treatment, including the prescription and use of drugs, including narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs" (registered Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on April 28, 2012, registration number No. 23971). 6. It is allowed to administer vaccines on the same day with different syringes to different parts of the body. The interval between vaccinations against different infections when they are carried out separately (not on the same day) should be at least 1 month. 7. Vaccination against poliomyelitis according to epidemic indications is carried out by oral polio vaccine. Indications for vaccination of children with oral polio vaccine according to epidemic indications are the registration of a case of poliomyelitis caused by wild poliovirus, the isolation of wild poliovirus in human bioassays or from environmental objects. In these cases, vaccination is carried out in accordance with the decision of the chief state sanitary doctor of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, which determines the age of children to be vaccinated, the timing, procedure and frequency of its implementation.

I perfectly understand young mothers who are simply dizzy from the number of vaccinations and the names of vaccines. Nevertheless, the topic of vaccination is extremely important, and therefore parents should understand it themselves, without shifting the responsibility to doctors.

Fortunately, this is easy to do with an article about the national vaccination calendar 2019 at hand.

I collected all the information from the official websites, processed it and presented it in a simple and accessible language that young parents will understand.

After reading the article, you will be able to freely navigate the topic of vaccinations, control the entire process of the entire vaccination process, find out how the national and regional vaccination calendars differ, what vaccines are not in the calendars, how to vaccinate for free and for a fee, who are children at risk, what you need to know every mother about the correct vaccination technique and many other interesting and important points.

Each country in the world has its own vaccination schedule (vaccination), which is developed taking into account the peculiarities of the epidemic situation in a particular state.

These calendars may differ and this is normal. For example, there is no vaccination against tuberculosis in the US national calendar (because the standard of living is very high, and this disease practically does not occur there).

In Russia, the situation with tuberculosis is sad, so we are forced to vaccinate the population in order to contain the epidemic.

The US calendar provides vaccination against varicella (chickenpox). Russia cannot afford this yet, because the vaccine is very expensive, and there are other more priority areas for spending budget funds.

In the Japanese calendar there is a vaccination against Japanese encephalitis. In Russia, no, because this infection is very rare for us.

In general, you understand: the vaccination calendar includes a list of vaccinations against infections, the risk of which is high in this particular country, as well as the scheme, timing and procedure for vaccination.

National vaccination calendar in Russia

In Russia, the vaccination calendar is contained in the Order of the Ministry of Health 125n dated March 21, 2014 "On the approval of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations and the calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications" with changes to the current date.

This document can be found on the official website of the Ministry of Health of Russia, on the websites of legal systems Consultant Plus, Garant and other legal portals. However, to save your time, I suggest that you familiarize yourself with it in a convenient table.

At what age do they put	What disease is vaccinated against and what vaccine	Additional Information
Newborn babies within 24 hours of birth	From hepatitis B. In the maternity hospital, most likely there will be a vaccine of domestic production.	The vaccine is tolerated very easily and, for the most part, without any consequences for the condition of the crumbs. Such an early date for the introduction of the vaccine is explained by the fact that hepatitis B infection in early childhood is extremely dangerous, and can lead to disability and even death. And there is always a risk, especially since sad statistics show that more than 32% of the world's population is infected with this disease.
Babies 3 to 7 days of age	From tuberculosis. In maternity hospitals and clinics, only domestic live vaccine is available.	The vaccination is done intradermally, after about 3 weeks, an ulcer forms at the injection site, which cannot be processed, picked or touched with anything. After healing, a scar remains. The early vaccination period is explained by the high risk of getting TB immediately after leaving the maternity hospital, since the number of patients with an active form of the disease, freely roaming around the city, is really shocking.
Babies at 1 month	Secondarily from hepatitis B. Now not only domestic, but also imported vaccines will be available: Euvax (France), Engerix B (Great Britain), Biovac B (India).	Before the injection, no tests are required, it is enough for the child to be healthy. The vaccine is light and well tolerated.
Babies at 2 months	The third vaccination against hepatitis B is not given to everyone, but only to babies from risk groups.	We are talking, for example, about babies born to mothers who are carriers of hepatitis B.
	First vaccination against pneumococcal infection. As a rule, it is made with an imported vaccine Prevenar made in the USA.	Its purpose: protection against the pneumococcus microbe, which causes severe otitis, sinusitis, pneumonia.
Babies at 3 months	The first serious comprehensive vaccination against whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria (DTP). You can put a domestic vaccine, or a foreign one. Infanrix Hexa (Belgium), Pentaxim (France) are available for a fee.	The vaccination itself is extremely important, and will provide the crumbs with protection from severe and dangerous infections. Imported vaccines are highly purified and rarely cause adverse reactions.
	It is possible to deliver a domestic vaccine against poliomyelitis. However, the above Pentaxim and Infanrix Hexa are convenient in that they also contain a component from polio, which means no extra injections!	The vaccine is administered inactivated (with killed virus cells), usually easily tolerated. Protects against a terrible infection found in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, etc.
	From hemophilic infection to children from risk groups.
Babies aged 4.5 months	For whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria (second DTP).	It is convenient to combine three injections into one by purchasing a paid vaccine Pentaxim or Infanrix Hexa.
	From a hemophilic infection again.
	From poliomyelitis again.
	Against pneumococcal infection.	Now the baby is protected from the microbe pneumococcus.
Babies aged 6 months	From diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough for the third time.	If it is possible not to torment the baby with several injections, it is reasonable to purchase a paid vaccine and combine everything into one injection.
	From hepatitis B for the third time.
	From polio for the third time.
	From a hemophilic infection for the third time, not for everyone, but only for children at risk.
Children aged 12 months	From measles, rubella and mumps (MCP). It is possible to vaccinate with both domestic vaccines and imported Priorix (Belgium).	Mandatory protection against severe bacterial complications of measles (for example, blindness, deafness, pneumonia), rubella. Protection against mumps is extremely important for boys, since a quarter of all cases of male infertility are caused by mumps (mumps) suffered in childhood.
	From hepatitis B for the fourth time for babies at risk.	Not for everyone, but as directed by a pediatrician.
Children aged 15 months	From pneumococcal infection - revaccination.	To maintain reliable immunity to the pathogen - pneumococcus.
One and a half year old peanuts	From poliomyelitis - the first revaccination.	Revaccination against poliomyelitis is recommended not with an inactivated vaccine, as before, but with a live oral one. This will provide a higher and more reliable immunity from various forms of pathogens of this dangerous disease.
	From whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria - the first revaccination.	Mandatory vaccination is almost complete, just a little more!
	From hemophilic infection for children at risk.
Babies at 20 months	From poliomyelitis - the second revaccination.
Children at 6 years old	From measles, rubella and parotitis (mumps) - revaccination.	To maintain immunity.
Children aged 6-7	From diphtheria and tetanus - revaccination. As a rule, a domestic vaccine is put.	A local reaction is possible - compaction at the injection site.
	From tuberculosis - revaccination	It is prescribed by a doctor, not to everyone, but only to those who have a negative Mantoux test.
Adolescents at 14	From diphtheria and tetanus - revaccination for the third time.	An injection is made in the upper third of the shoulder.
	From poliomyelitis - revaccination for the third time.	Do as directed by a doctor.
Adults 18 and over	From diphtheria and tetanus - this and subsequent revaccinations every 10 years until the end of life.	Immunity to dangerous diseases is not infinite and must be maintained.
All children and adults under 55 years of age, unless previously vaccinated or not known	from hepatitis B.	In the future, it is necessary to maintain immunity by repeating the vaccination every 10 years.
All children and adults aged 1 to 18	From rubella	It is important to vaccinate against rubella to maintain herd immunity and prevent the virus from circulating. Rubella disease of a pregnant woman is guaranteed to cause miscarriage and severe malformations of the child.
Children and adults under 35	from measles	Revaccination against measles every 10 years
Children over 6 months and adults	From influenza. There are domestic vaccines: "Sovigripp", "Grippol", as well as foreign "Influvac" (Netherlands), "Vaksigripp" (France).	At risk for influenza are small children (older than 6 months, because before that mother's antibodies are still active), schoolchildren and students, pensioners, pregnant women, housing and communal services, transport, medicine workers, people with chronic diseases. That is, all those who are dangerous to get sick with the flu in severe form and with complications.

Regional vaccination calendar

In addition to the national vaccination calendar, which contains a list of diseases, vaccination against which the state guarantees for every resident of the country, there are regional vaccination calendars for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Depending on the presence in any subject of special conditions or the risk of diseases, the region allocates money in the local budget for additional vaccination.

In the Sverdlovsk region, for example, all children are vaccinated free of charge against tick-borne encephalitis (due to the high risk of contracting this disease from a tick-carrier in the warm season) and hepatitis A (since the situation with the quality of tap water is not very good in the region).

Therefore, depending on which region, territory or republic you live in, you have the right to learn about additional free vaccinations that the regional vaccination calendar guarantees to you.

About children at risk

In the vaccination calendar for each disease, the concept of children and adults from risk groups is highlighted. These are the people who are most at risk of contracting a particular disease.

For them, the calendar provides for a special vaccination procedure, which implies additional doses of vaccines, as well as shorter periods between them, to ensure the rapid production of antiviral antibodies to the infectious agent, that is, in simple terms, to obtain high protection as soon as possible.

For example, a baby born to a woman infected with hepatitis B is at risk for this disease.

A child born in a family where one of the relatives is ill with tuberculosis is at risk for tuberculosis.

Elderly people, children attending kindergartens, schoolchildren, pregnant women are at risk for influenza, because the disease can be especially difficult for them.

Children and adults who travel frequently are at risk for hepatitis A.

Boys are at risk for mumps (mumps), as a quarter of those who have the disease become infertile in the future.

Are vaccinations required?

If, after reading it, you still doubt the need for vaccination, then, of course, you should know the following.

According to paragraph 4 of the Order of the Ministry of Health, which we talked about at the beginning of the article, you have the right to refuse vaccinations by issuing your refusal in writing.

However, if you exercise this right, you and your child throughout childhood will have to regularly face the consequences of such a refusal.

Practice shows that unvaccinated children and their parents at every step have problems with getting into kindergartens, schools, sections.

During periods of high morbidity, unvaccinated children are the first to be dropped out of educational institutions in order to prevent the growth of epidemics.

In addition, an increasing part of conscious parents oppose the presence of unvaccinated children in the children's team, who can act as hidden carriers of a number of dangerous infections, from which vaccination protects other children. First of all, we are talking about tuberculosis, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, etc.

Latest changes in the vaccination calendar

The most significant and tangible changes in the vaccination schedule occurred in 2016, when free vaccination against pneumococcal infection was added to the list of vaccinations for all children under the age of 5 years.

This vaccine protects babies from the pneumococcus microbe, which is to blame for severe bacterial sinusitis, otitis media and pneumonia.

The last changes to the order were made on 04/13/2017 and they are not so significant. Some wording was corrected, the procedure for vaccinating children with immunodeficiency and other serious diseases was clarified, the concept of immunobiological drugs was introduced, and the procedure for vaccination against poliomyelitis according to epidemic indications was clarified (probably due to an increase in focal outbreaks of this infection in Russia and Ukraine).

How and where to vaccinate a child

In the event that you and your baby are citizens of the Russian Federation, you have the right to apply to any insurance company that provides compulsory medical insurance services with a passport and a birth certificate of the child in order to issue a CHI policy.

Immediately after submitting the application, you will be issued a temporary policy (for a period until a permanent one is made).

With this document, you already have the right to contact any children's clinic to register and get all vaccinations according to the national and regional calendars for free, or ask the local pediatrician how you can pay for the imported vaccine and get vaccinated with it.

If you are not citizens of the Russian Federation, or prefer paid medicine, you can contact a commercial medical center that provides children's vaccination services (respectively, there is a license for this activity).

As a rule, such medical centers offer imported vaccines instead of domestic free ones, although the former can cost an order of magnitude more expensive - this should also be taken into account.

Vaccination Technique: What Mom Should Know

Most mothers do not have a medical education and blindly trust doctors. However, when it comes to injections and any manipulations associated with damage to the skin, blood, etc., each parent should know the elementary basics of the safety of such manipulations.

Simply because the health of your child is most important to you. So study and remember!

1. Before vaccination, the child must be examined by a doctor to make sure that the baby is healthy and there are no contraindications to vaccination. Usually the doctor examines the throat, listens to the chest and back, and takes the temperature. If everything is fine and you have no other complaints, then the vaccination is allowed.
2. By law, you must sign a consent to perform any medical actions on your child, and you also have the right to be present at these manipulations.
3. Carefully make sure that the vaccine is removed from the original packaging, ask to see the name of the drug in order to check that you are given exactly the vaccine that you agree to.
4. Make sure the nurse uses disposable syringes, needles, and other tools.
5. For children under one year old, the injection is placed exclusively in the thigh. In no case in the ass, because there is a high probability of damage to the sciatic nerve.
6. Children after one year of age are vaccinated in the upper third of the shoulder or thigh, unless otherwise indicated by the vaccine manufacturer.
7. If there is a need to deliver several vaccinations at once, then they are placed in different parts of the body. For example, in the right thigh, left thigh, right shoulder, left shoulder. Purely theoretically, simultaneous administration of 4 different vaccines is possible.

What to do if you miss a vaccination?

The vaccination calendar was developed by scientists as an ideal vaccination plan in which the child receives maximum protection from the virus as soon as possible (when protective maternal antibodies for each individual virus disappear in the body), but with a minimum risk of side effects and unwanted reactions. This is the perfect plan to follow.

However, life makes its own adjustments. There are prolonged illnesses, travel, and other circumstances that disrupt the vaccination plan. What to do in this case? Start over? It turns out not.

You just need to introduce all the missing, missed doses of vaccines on schedule, while observing the minimum possible time intervals between them.

In most cases, it turns out that even with breaks for life circumstances, the child usually completes the main vaccination by the age of three, that is, by the age of going to kindergarten and active socialization in children's groups.

What vaccinations are not on the calendar?

There are vaccinations that are not included in the national and regional calendars, however, vaccines for these diseases exist, and parents can protect the child from infection for an additional fee.

We are talking, for example, about chicken pox, rotavirus infection, meningococcal infection, cervical cancer vaccine (for girls).

Often, these drugs are expensive. However, is there anything more valuable than children's health?

Well, think of an injection, they injected it, and went - almost every parent knows poems about vaccination since childhood. If at a young age they cause a slight shiver, then in an adult they make you think - is it worth doing the same injection to your beloved child, what consequences will it lead to, will it harm the baby?

In Russia, as in other countries, there is a special document adopted by the Ministry of Health (dated March 21, 2014).

National vaccination schedule for children(NKP) establishes what vaccinations, children of what age should be done in order to create immunity from the most dangerous infections as soon as possible. The NCP in our country is periodically adjusted, in 2015 it was supplemented by vaccination against pneumococcus.

The question why preventive vaccinations are needed contains the answer - for prevention.

There are thousands of infections in the world that can cause epidemics and take many lives.

Three dozen of them experts have learned to neutralize. It is to neutralize, not to win.

The virus remains to exist in nature, but bumping into the immune barrier formed as a result of vaccination, recedes. The body becomes immune to it.

Inoculation for the world community at the end of the 18th century was discovered by an Englishman, doctor Jenner, he found out that A healthy body is able to overcome even a dangerous disease., if you introduce into it a small dose of weakened pathogenic bacteria or a product of their vital activity.

Since then, the principle of making vaccines has remained the same, the process has been improved. Vaccines contain well-balanced doses of pathogens that will not cause harm to health, help the body form antibodies designed to protect against infection.

With a single injection of the vaccine, the cells of the body temporarily remember the danger.

Gradual vaccination contributes to the emergence of a sustainable defense mechanism. So, what vaccinations are given to children?

What diseases are vaccinated against in Russia?

Initially, children were vaccinated against such dangerous diseases as:

• tuberculosis;
• mumps;
• tetanus;
• whooping cough;
• measles;
• polio;
• diphtheria.

In 1997 the list was expanded two more vaccinations against rubella and hepatitis B(infectious liver disease).

By 2016, three more positions appeared in it: Hib - infection (according to indications), pneumococcus, influenza.

Compared to other countries, the Russian national vaccination schedule remains less saturated: in Germany, the United States introduces vaccines against chicken pox, meningococcal infection, in America the list also includes a vaccination against rotavirus infection.

Vaccination table

Basic vaccination schedule for children designed for the first two years of life, immunization begins immediately after the birth of the crumbs. The child is discharged from the hospital with a record of two vaccinations. It is advisable to follow the vaccination schedule for children, then there will be fewer health problems.

Important! At the slightest indisposition, the vaccination should be postponed, and a pediatrician must be examined before going to the treatment room.

Names of vaccinations	Age	Where are they placed?	Name of vaccines
from hepatitis B	1 vaccination– 12 hours after birth 2 vaccination- 1 month 3 vaccination-6 months	in the right thigh	Combiotech (Russia) AngerixV Shenvak-B (India) Euwax B (Korea) - all vaccines are interchangeable
From tuberculosis	3-7 days after birth	left forearm	BCG-M
Against whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria (may be with a component of hemophilic infection) - four doses	1 vaccination - 3 months 2 vaccination– 4-5 months (30-45 days after the first vaccination) 3 vaccination-6 months Revaccination- one and half year	Intramuscular (better in the thigh)	Domestic DTP vaccination Infanrix - they are considered reactogenic Pentaxim - includes polio vaccine, almost no reaction
From polio	1 vaccination– 3 months 2 vaccination– 4-5 months 3 vaccination-6 months 1 revaccination-1.5 years 2 revaccination– 20 months	through the mouth	inactivated polio vaccine, imovax polio (1,2) 3 + revaccination - live polio vaccine Polio Sebin Vero (France)
From measles, rubella, mumps	12 months	hip	domestic vaccine Priorix

Against pneumococcal infection, they are vaccinated at two and 4.5 months, revaccination at 15 months.

Children at school age are less likely to be vaccinated:

• at 6 years old revaccinate against measles, rubella, mumps;
• at 7, 14 years old revaccinate against diphtheria, tetanus, revaccinate against tuberculosis, poliomyelitis.

Voluntary influenza vaccinations are offered annually.

It is important to know! In order for a stable immunity against whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria to arise, it is necessary to administer 4 doses of the vaccine, with a break of one and a half months, the first three times. It is better to use the same vaccine.

Rules for preparing for vaccination

Some mothers divide vaccinations into more and less light, this judgment is partly true. Some vaccines, such as DTP, do give greater stress on the body, causing a general reaction after vaccination in the form of capriciousness, fever, diarrhea, local, when the injection site becomes inflamed. But that doesn't mean other injections should be taken lightly.

Two days before the expected day of vaccination, citrus fruits and chocolate should be excluded from the baby's diet, served allergy medications(the doctor prescribes the medicine and dosage, most often it is fenistil, after a year suprastin).

Before vaccination, an examination by a pediatrician is necessary.

A medical withdrawal can be given if the baby has a fever, runny nose, or other painful conditions.

Specify what vaccinations are given to children, what vaccines are used, imported or domestic. According to observations, foreign ones are better tolerated, but they are paid.

Rules of conduct after vaccination

Walks, bathing on the day of vaccination and the next day are usually canceled, since the reaction to vaccinations in all children is different - a bump may form at the vaccination site, the temperature may rise, and the child may even get sick.

Within 8 hours after vaccination, the child may have a fever, especially after DTP. In this case, you need to have at home antipyretic medicine: suppositories Cefekon, paracetamol for children (suspension), nurofen. A foreign vaccine, for example, Pentaxim, usually does not cause any special complications and fever. The next day after the vaccination, be prepared for a visit from the nurse, she will check the injection site.

To avoid complications after vaccination, experts recommend:

1. Choose the right time for the child to be absolutely healthy, it’s worth it to wait with elevated body temperature, malaise, poor tests, if less than a week has passed since the illness.
2. Tell the pediatrician if the child has had allergic reactions or complications after the first vaccination.
3. Give antihistamines two days before the procedure.

Vaccinations for children: pros and cons

The question of the benefits and harms of vaccinations is always relevant. Arguments of mothers - opponents vaccination of children usually come down to the fact that vaccinations weaken the health of the crumbs. However, unvaccinated children are a potential risk of spreading the infection.

Those who approve of NCP appeal to the fact that we do not live in an isolated world, the child is prone to infections, they are easier to prevent than to cure.

Statistics speak in favor of the latter, the vaccine does not guarantee 100% protection, but it significantly weakens the virus, even if it manages to pass the body's immune defenses.

In any case, parents themselves decide whether to vaccinate their child. The pediatrician must written permission from the legal representative of the child before sending the baby to the treatment room. When deciding whether to vaccinate or not, it is important to be guided by common sense, and not by your own fears.

Watch the video to find out why do not be afraid of vaccinations:

In families with children, parents want to protect them from all kinds of dangers, such as viral diseases. To prevent diseases, modern medicine suggests vaccinating children. A lot of controversy often arises around this issue. We offer to study all the pros and cons of vaccination and get acquainted with the vaccination schedule.

The main thing in the article

Vaccination of children in Russia: pros and cons

"Behind"

• Develops immunity against diseases. Vaccination is considered the surest way to protect against infectious diseases. Vaccination does not guarantee that a child will not get an infectious disease. But after vaccination, the disease will proceed in a mild form. There is a high probability that there will be no death and complications.
• The composition is not so terrible. Yes, harmful compounds are present in vaccines, but this dose is not enough to specifically harm a child.

"Against"

• Complications after vaccinations. They appear mainly in children with recent diseases, or in the presence of chronic, for example, blood diseases, neoplasms. The most severe complications: anaphylactic shock, convulsions, serous meningitis, paralysis.
• General decrease in immunity. When a foreign protein is introduced into the body, its protection is reduced. While the body is struggling with a small dose of the introduced disease, the immune system becomes very weak, which is fraught with new diseases.
• Composition of vaccines. The vaccine contains substances that play the role of an antiseptic or preservative. Often there are not very useful compounds: phenol, thiomersal (mercury compound), formaldehyde. Some of the substances are toxic, cause allergies, oncology, genetic abnormalities, and lead to a malfunction of the nervous system.

National vaccination calendar for children from birth to 1 year for 2018: schedule in the table

Each country has its own vaccination calendar. It is compiled on the basis of diseases from which it is necessary to protect the population, the calendar shows the age of the population, vaccination and the name of the vaccines.

Official vaccination calendar for children in Russia under 3 years old: schedule in the table 2018

Unlike the vaccination calendars of America and Europe, there are no mandatory vaccinations against:

• rotavirus (quite common in kindergarten),
• chickenpox,
• no revaccination for whooping cough,
• no vaccination against hepatitis A,
• for Hib infections, vaccination is required in risk groups.

Russian vaccination calendar for children under 14: schedule in the table 2018

Most of the vaccination falls on the age from birth to one and a half years. Less commonly, vaccination is needed for school-age children and adolescents.

List of mandatory vaccinations for kindergarten in 2018 in the Russian Federation

Vaccinations, without which they may not be taken to kindergarten in 2018:

• BCG (against tuberculosis)
• to hepatitis B
• You need to have time to do 3 DPT vaccinations
• Should be protected from polio
• MMR vaccination (measles, mumps, rubella)

List of compulsory vaccinations for school in 2018 in the Russian Federation

1. The child must be vaccinated against tuberculosis to be vaccinated from hepatitis B.
2. Also, the medical record must contain a record of vaccination against poliomyelitis and rubella, mumps, measles.
3. School vaccinations are required diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus.
4. You can get vaccinated if you want. hemophilia and chickenpox, but vaccination against these viral diseases is not mandatory for school entry.

Immunization schedule for children

The calendar is approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Ask your pediatrician or immunologist for information about dates and ages for a child to be vaccinated. There are legal regulations on vaccination defined by the Ministry of Health:

• Vaccination should be carried out in those medical organizations that have permission for the relevant types of procedures. These can be both public hospitals and private clinics.
• The healthcare worker must also have access to vaccinate.
• The drug that is vaccinated must be officially registered in the country.
• Parents may refuse to be vaccinated, but the entire responsibility for possible complications after an illness that a child may one day contract lies with them.
• The doctor is obliged to tell about the possible side effects of vaccination and about the consequences in connection with the refusal of vaccination.
• Before vaccination, the pediatrician must examine the child.
• The period between the introduction of vaccines should be at least a month.
• It happens that two different vaccines are vaccinated on the same day. In this case, the vaccine is placed in different parts of the body, a new syringe is used for each.

Immunization schedule for children in Kazakhstan in 2018

In Kazakhstan, all mandatory vaccinations approved by the calendar are given free of charge. For vaccination, it is allowed to use domestic and foreign preparations. The main condition is that the drug must be registered and have a certificate.

Immunization schedule for children in Ukraine in 2018

Compared to the previous vaccination schedule, the new one includes vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae. This vaccine is included in the vaccination schedules of most European countries. Revaccination for rubella for girls and mumps for boys at the age of fifteen has been cancelled. According to the vaccination calendar, the DTP vaccine is recommended to be used acellular (Infanrix, Pentaxim). It is well tolerated and has a lower percentage of side effects and post-vaccination consequences.

Video: Vaccinations for children

To protect the child from diseases and develop immunity, vaccinations alone are not enough. A healthy lifestyle, quality food, exercise, the absence of harmful substances in the apartment and house, clean fresh air will strengthen your child's immune system. Whether or not you get vaccinated is up to you. Approach this issue with all responsibility, because the life of the baby is in your hands.

In any country, the Ministry of Health has approved its own vaccination schedule for the population. The national vaccination schedule in Russia was finalized in 2014 and includes mandatory vaccinations for the population of any age. Minor changes have been made to the document. The regional Ministry of Health is working on the approved calendar according to its own characteristics. This is due to the epidemiological characteristics of each region, material resources. Consider which vaccines our vaccination calendar includes.

Changes and innovations

At the end of 2014, the newest national calendar of preventive vaccinations was adopted in Russia. It has been amended:

• Babies from 2 months will be vaccinated against pneumococcal infection. The injection will be given twice.
• Flu shots should be given to pregnant women. Previously, pregnant women were not vaccinated against seasonal viruses.
• Before a prophylactic vaccination, the doctor should conduct an informational conversation and explain to the patient why this or that vaccination is needed. If the patient writes a refusal, then he should be informed what consequences await after infection. Previously, the doctor did not concentrate his attention and did not explain to the patient what complications may occur after vaccination and what are the contraindications.
• According to the basics of the law "Protection of public health", consent and refusal of preventive vaccination must be documented. Consent or refusal for minors is signed by their parents or guardians.
• Before any vaccination, the patient must receive a complete physical examination. Previously, they simply asked the patient if there were any complaints, today the doctor is obliged to listen to the patient, examine the skin, nasopharyngeal mucosa, and listen to breathing.
• Medical workers in educational institutions are required to notify parents 6-7 days before vaccinating children. Parents have time to prepare the baby.

If one of the conditions before the prophylactic vaccination was not met, the doctor's actions are considered illegal.

In small provinces, the transition to the new rules is difficult. Doctors are used to working differently and do not always have a conversation with the patient. On the other hand, for the examination of 1 patient in turn, the doctor can devote no more than 7 minutes. What can be said during this time? And there is no need to talk about quality inspection once again.

What vaccinations are included in the calendar

The new vaccination schedule includes vaccinations against diseases: Hepatitis B, Pneumococcal infection, Measles, Diphtheria, Whooping cough, Tetanus, Poliomyelitis, Haemophilus influenzae, Rubella.

Vaccination is the infection of the body in a weak form, artificially obtained, dead or live bacteria or virus. Passes once or for several injections, with a certain interval.

So, Hepatitis B is vaccinated according to two schemes. The first is assigned to children from the usual group (0/1/6), the second with a high risk of infection (0/1/2/12).

Revaccination is the support of immunity, which was developed after the first vaccination.

Consider the stages of vaccination and revaccination according to the national calendar in the form of a table:

Age group	Name of the disease to be vaccinated	Stage	Injection Features
Children the first day after birth	Hepatitis B	first vaccination	the vaccine for injection can be used by any manufacturer, without preservatives, it is given to all children, including those at risk.
Children aged 3-7 days	Tuberculosis	vaccination	carried out in regions where the epidemic threshold is above 80 thousand, is mandatory for children at risk (when there are infected people in the family or the mother was not vaccinated).
1 month	Hepatitis B	second vaccination	everyone, including the risk group;
			the vaccine is the same as the first injection.
2 months	Hepatitis B	third vaccination	for children at risk.
3 months	pneumococcal infection	first	any kids
Complex (diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus)	first	_
Polio	first	any kids;
		with non-living bacteria.
Hemophilus infection	first	children at risk: HIV-infected, immunocompromised, cancer patients. To everyone from the baby house without exception.
4.5 months	whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus	second	any kids
Polio	second	to all children;
		only dead bacteria.
Pneumococcus	second	to all children
Hemophilus infection	second	children at risk
half a year	whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria	third	_
Polio	third	an immunocompromised baby from parents with HIV living in baby homes;
		carried out by live bacteria.
Hepatitis B	third	_
Hemophilus infection	third	for kids at risk
Year	Mumps, Measles, Rubella	vaccination	_
Hepatitis B	fourth	children from families with a high risk of getting sick
Year and 3 months	Measles, Mumps, Rubella	revaccination	any children
One and half year	whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria	revaccination	_
Polio	revaccination first	everyone, with the help of live bacteria
Hemophilus infection	revaccination	children at risk
Year and 8 months	Polio	second revaccination	everyone;
			with live bacteria
6 years	Rubella, Measles, Mumps	revaccination	_
6–7 years	tetanus, diphtheria	second revaccination	vaccine with fewer antigens.
	Tuberculosis (BCG)	revaccination	everyone;
			drug for prevention
14 years	tetanus, diphtheria	third revaccination	vaccine with less antigen.
	Polio	third revaccination	any teenager;
			live bacteria
Over 18 years old	tetanus, diphtheria	revaccination	repeat every 10 years.
18 to 25	Rubella	vaccination	population who was not vaccinated or was, but once.
18 to 55	Hepatitis B	vaccination	once every 10 years.

The population aged 18 to 35 are also vaccinated against measles. The interval between injections is a maximum of 2 months. The group includes not previously vaccinated or without re-vaccination. This also includes people at risk.

The vaccination schedule included getting used to the flu. It is made mandatory for pregnant women, schoolchildren, children in kindergartens, the working part of the population in the public service. Private entrepreneurs, for their employees, can purchase the vaccine separately.

The calendar includes additional vaccinations, which are prescribed in regions with a low epidemic rate, for people with professional activities from the risk group. These include: herpes zoster, tick-borne encephalitis. But everyone who wants can get these vaccinations for themselves at the clinic, at the place of residence. But, it is worthwhile to understand that in order to develop immunity to tick-borne encephalitis, it is necessary to vaccinate from three injections. The disease is activated from April to July. All three injections must be delivered before the beginning of summer. The interval between them is not more than 1 month. More in the video:

The National Immunization Calendar is approved by our Ministry of Health and includes only proven injections. In the regions they are purchased and introduced to the population free of charge. Without vaccinations, the population on the planet would be 2 times smaller. Therefore, before writing a refusal, think about what part you and your family members fall into!

Immunization Schedule for Adults - Vaccination Schedule Vaccination table by age from birth to 14 years Immunization schedule for adults and children from different countries Vaccination Schedule: Polio.