What causes varicose veins on the legs in women. Are varicose veins dangerous? What are the dangers of varicose veins?

Varicose veins are a pathological deformation of venous vessels, as a result of which the tone of the vein walls is lost.

For good blood supply to tissues, it is required that the blood not only flows under a certain pressure, but also returns back to the great vessels.

The strong and elastic walls of the veins provide good flow pressure, which is directed to the heart. Varicose veins almost always develop in the lower half of the body. For uniform and uninterrupted movement of blood from bottom to top, from the legs to the heart, good pressure is needed.

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If the venous vessels do not cope with their task, decompensated venous insufficiency occurs. This is a disorder in which the blood supply is significantly reduced compared to the norm, so much so that the body cannot compensate for this damage with its own resources and requires medical attention.

Blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to the cells of bone, muscle, nerve, fat and other soft tissues. When varicose veins appear, the following processes occur sequentially:

normal gas exchange in cells is disrupted;
the tissue experiences oxygen starvation and a lack of nutrients;
blood stagnates in the vessels;
the walls of blood vessels sag under the pressure of venous blood, varicose nodes appear;
the ability of tissues to regenerate decreases, skin pigmentation changes;
trophic ulcers appear, which take an extremely long time to heal, and at a late stage do not heal at all;
tissues deprived of adequate nutrition begin to die, necrosis develops;
decay products enter the blood, this causes an inflammatory process;
worst prognosis: gangrene sets in, and to save the patient’s life, doctors amputate the feet.

Every cell in the body needs a full supply of oxygen and nutrients and the removal of toxins; without this, it dies. All internal organs, including the pelvic organs, are penetrated by a system of blood vessels for the inflow and outflow of blood.

Varicose veins most often affect:

legs: feet, legs, to a lesser extent thighs;
testicles in men;
uterus and ovaries in women.

Varicose veins of the reproductive organs in men can be seen with the naked eye. Women learn about their disease by delayed cycles, pain in the lower back and lower abdomen.

Varicose veins must be treated without fail. Decompensated venous insufficiency does not go away on its own and cannot be treated using traditional medicine. Qualified medical care can reduce the damage caused to the body.

A phlebologist treats varicose veins.

Dopplerography shows the pathological changes that varicose veins lead to:

blood stagnation;
stenosis of the vein lumen;
blood clots, blockage of a vessel;
areas with necrotic changes;
insufficiency of venous valves;
movement of blood in the opposite direction than normal (reflux);
aneurysm, subsidence and protrusion of the vein wall;
thrombophlebitis, inflammation of the wall caused by the formation of a blood clot.

Doppler sonography is performed to diagnose and determine the extent of varicose veins. How do varicose veins develop in stages, and what consequences exist at each stage?

Stages

There is no single and officially accepted classification of varicose veins by stages in medicine. The severity of the disorders, the presence of concomitant diseases (thromboembolism, thrombophlebitis, trophic ulcers), as well as the patient’s ability to work are assessed.

With severe varicose veins, a person cannot cope with work responsibilities even when he is provided with medication support.

On its own, the patient’s condition with varicose veins can only worsen rather than improve. The development of varicose veins can be divided into 4 stages:

First stage	At first, the disease occurs without symptoms. It is possible to detect varicose veins at an early stage only with the help of Doppler sonography. Visually, the deformation of the vessels is not yet noticeable, but the tone of the deep veins is already reduced. Statistical surveys have revealed that 89% of women and 66% of men from the entire population have varicose veins of the lower extremities. Approximately 50% of those suffering from varicose veins have the first stage. At this stage, patients complain of heaviness and fatigue in the legs after physical activity, and rapid fatigue of the legs.
Second stage	The next stage of varicose veins is accompanied by mild swelling in the area of the ankle joint, foot, especially the toes. Visually, the veins are still not dilated, but tissue swelling indicates venous insufficiency. Victims experience impaired skin sensitivity, heaviness in the legs, and mild cramps. Sensations such as tingling, numbness in the toes, and numbness are associated with oxygen starvation of the nerve endings. It is the nervous tissue that reacts most quickly to unfavorable changes. In the future, the suffering nerve cells will cause severe pain and signal a lack of oxygen and nutrients. The formation of blood clots is closely related to the chemical composition of the blood in each individual patient. Already at this stage of the disease, vein thrombosis, most often embolism, is possible. Small blood clots are loosely attached to the walls; they arise in the area of stagnation of blood, separate and travel through the vessels until they dissolve on their own. Already from the 2nd stage of varicose veins, the likelihood of subcutaneous hemorrhage increases. The fragility of blood vessels leads to their rupture from minor impact or compression. Patients pay attention to hematomas and bruises that occur on the feet, and less often on the legs. In women, varicose veins in most cases occur during pregnancy and after childbirth and progress extremely quickly to stages 2-3. At stage 2 of varicose veins, a person can cope with work, even in a standing position.
Third stage	The third stage is characterized by severe swelling of the legs, cramps and pain. Patients quickly get tired from walking, standing, and physical activity. The swelling spreads not only to the foot, but also to the lower leg. Decompensated venous insufficiency at the 3rd stage of varicose veins is clearly detected visually. The superficial veins are bulging, the course of the vein can be traced under the skin, and there is a typical tortuous structure. The weakened walls of blood vessels sag under the pressure of blood, which leads to bends and deviations from the main course of movement. The patient suffers from vascular pain and sensory disturbances. The skin on the legs takes on a bluish tint, and pigment spots appear in the lower part of the lower leg. Since tissues gradually die from oxygen starvation, foci of the inflammatory process and trophic ulcers form. These are injuries that affect the deep layers of tissue and appear on the skin as wounds. Trophic ulcers heal extremely slowly; the more severe the varicose veins, the longer the tissue regeneration takes. At the stage of ulceration, the patient experiences pain of varying intensity. Many people with grade 2 varicose veins can no longer withstand a full 8-hour working day; they need rest or medication in order to cope with professional tasks.
Fourth stage	At the last stage of varicose veins, swelling, cramps and pain do not allow the patient to move independently and attend work. Trophic ulcers cover a large area of the foot and lower leg. The inflammatory process is severe and with complications; weakened local immunity cannot cope with the infection. Suppuration, necrosis and spread of infection through the bloodstream pose a danger to human life. If the victim seeks help too late, amputation becomes the only adequate measure. Patients with diabetes mellitus most often reach the terminal stage of venous insufficiency. An increased risk of varicose veins exists in all people with a hereditary predisposition, but the disease begins to develop only with additional factors: standing for a long time, working on your feet; sedentary lifestyle, sedentary work; increased load on the circulatory system, pregnancy, excess weight; diseases of the endocrine system, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, toxic goiter and others; hormonal changes, menopause, postpartum recovery.

Treatment of varicose veins is possible at any stage of the disease. But the sooner the patient undergoes an examination and finds out the causes of his illness, the easier it will be to achieve improvement.

At stages 2-4 of varicose veins, complete recovery is impossible; you can only achieve a stable, satisfactory condition, reduce pain and heaviness in the legs.

Forecasts

Many patients worry that their legs have become less attractive due to varicose veins. Spider veins and symptoms of telangiectasia appeared.

Dilated capillaries are a different color from healthy skin, most often appearing as small red or blue veins just under the surface of the skin.

Cosmetic defects are the smallest problem that should concern the patient.

Following telangiectasia come:

thrombophlebitis and thromboembolism - the formation of clots of coagulated blood in the vessels;
pain from irritation of nerve endings;
swelling;
sensory disturbance;
eczema and dermatitis caused by venous insufficiency;
changes in skin pigmentation due to permanent wounds that take a long time to heal;
trophic ulcers, fistulas;
cyanosis, blueness of the fingertips, then the entire foot;
necrosis, death of soft tissues.

Varicose veins need to be treated, not spider veins. As the disease progresses, it is not just beauty that is at risk, but the patient’s life.

An important point: varicose veins affect not only the legs, but also the pelvic organs. This results:

to hemorrhoids;
to varicocele, dilation of the venous vessels of the testicles in men;
to cervical varicose veins in women.

Why do varicose veins progress? Veins are equipped with valves that regulate the direction of blood flow in only one direction - towards the heart. If the valve does not perform its functions properly, the blood moves downward under the influence of gravity, and the blood backflows into the underlying vessels.

The load on the peripheral veins stretches the walls of blood vessels, creating aneurysms, and this aggravates varicose veins. Blood reflux is involved in the formation of pain in the victim, so in case of acute pain, you need to throw your legs back above the level of your head.

Blood stagnation negatively affects cell metabolism, tissues experience a lack of oxygen and are poisoned by toxic decay products.

Removal of toxins and renewal of blood occurs only if there is at least some working veins. Therefore, when treating some types of varicose veins, for example, varicocele in men, pathologically deformed veins are simply truncated, and the blood is directed through the least damaged vessels.

Why are varicose veins dangerous?

For every patient who has just encountered this disease, it is already obvious that swelling, pain and cramps worsen the quality of life. General harm of varicose veins to the body:

high probability of tissue death due to venous insufficiency;
blockage of blood vessels;
necrotic and trophic processes;
gangrene;
infection in the circulatory system, sepsis;
death.

Varicose veins develop with greater or lesser intensity. The patient may suffer from this disease for 2 to 10 years, but still not have symptoms such as seizures, trophic ulcers or thrombophlebitis.

The rate of development of varicose veins accelerates:

pregnancy, childbirth, menopause;
sedentary lifestyle;
diabetes.

If one or more of these factors is present, you need to seriously think about preventing dangerous consequences.

On foot

– the most common type of varicose veins. Each stage of the disease is characterized by various pathological processes:

First stage	Heaviness in the legs, fatigue. The vessels are slightly deformed, it is impossible to visually detect the pathology, there is no pain.
Second	Swelling of the feet, fatigue and heaviness in the legs, pain after exercise. Cramps, especially at night and in the morning. Dilated veins are visually detected; blood clots are small and occur rarely. Most patients complain of sensory disturbances: numbness, numbness, tingling.
Third	Severe swelling, intense pain, loss of sensitivity. Frequent convulsions, larger blood clots, and when a vessel is blocked, subcutaneous hemorrhage occurs. Eczema or dermatitis appears, skin pigmentation changes. Wounds take a long time to heal, and trophic ulcers appear.
Fourth stage	Chronic pain, constant swelling, cyanosis. The color of the legs becomes bluish. Sensitivity is lost. Vascular blockages occur frequently and cause necrosis. The death of tissue is accompanied by the release of pus, fistulas and ulcers are formed. High probability of gangrene and sepsis.

For older patients, especially those suffering from atherosclerosis, varicose veins create the possibility of a general lack of blood supply.

Lack of blood volume and slow circulation causes oxygen starvation of brain tissue. Atherosclerosis and circulatory failure are provoking factors for the development of senile dementia and dementia.

Why are varicose veins on the legs dangerous in women?

insufficiency of venous circulation negatively affects the functioning of the entire circulatory system, which creates a problem for carrying a pregnancy;
In women, the disease progresses faster than in men, so women experience cramps, trophic ulcers and other consequences of varicose veins earlier.

Varicose veins on the legs of men in most cases are formed under the influence of intense physical activity. If the patient is unable to change the specifics of his work, the disease will continue to worsen, sequentially passing through all stages.

Testicles in men

The veins of the spermatic cord are located in such a way that testicular varicose veins are very convenient to treat. Therefore, those men who do not want to suffer from the consequences of varicose veins can get help safely and affordably.

Varicose veins of the testicles can lead to the following consequences:

Spermatogenesis disorder	There is an optimal temperature for the production of high-quality semen. When the outflow of heated venous blood is impeded, the temperature of the testicles rises. As a result, the sperm contains many non-viable and defective sperm. Varicocele is one of the main causes of male infertility.
Temperature increase	Leads to a decrease in the production of the male sex hormone, testosterone, and all related changes. For example, obesity and baldness.
Reflux of venous blood from the renal and adrenal veins	Occurs when the venous valves are insufficient. The blood coming from the renal and adrenal veins contains hormones that adversely affect the condition of the testicles. Against the background of reflux, an inflammatory process occurs in the testicles and appendages, epididymitis.
Testicular atrophy	Develops due to insufficient blood outflow, oxygen starvation of tissues and thrombosis. For necrotic changes, the only adequate treatment is removal of the organ.

It most often affects the left testicle. In the early stages, the patient will not be able to determine the condition of the vessels himself, so it is better to entrust the diagnosis to a professional. The disease is treated by a urologist.

Uterus

Dangerous consequences of varicose veins of the cervix and uterine body occur during pregnancy. Already at the end of the 2nd trimester, a woman begins to be bothered by nagging pain in the lower back and lower abdomen. The increased load on the muscles and vessels of the uterus contributes to even greater deformation of the vessels.

During childbirth, dilated venous vessels have a high probability of rupture, so all women need to give birth by cesarean section.

A gynecologist treats varicose veins of the uterus. As part of pregnancy planning, if you suspect varicose veins, you need to examine the vessels of the pelvic organs.

If you do not engage in prevention and treatment

In most cases, patients consult a doctor only when pain and swelling of the legs appear, that is, already at the 2nd stage of varicose veins. Varicose veins have been well studied, and it is easy to predict how the disease will develop in the future.

This is what will happen if a person does not pay attention to the condition of the blood vessels:

the walls of the veins will sag more and more, the aneurysms will become larger;
in places of stagnation, the blood will begin to clot and blood clots will form;
blockage of blood vessels will lead to oxygen starvation and cell death;
the patient will suffer from pain, cramps, swelling and numbness of the legs;
against the background of venous insufficiency, the skin will begin to deteriorate, eczema, trophic ulcers, and dermatitis will appear;
tissue death and the formation of necrotic foci will cause a large-scale inflammatory process;
the victim will be hospitalized with gangrene, surgeons will amputate all dead tissue;
If hospitalization does not occur, intoxication will damage the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys (in any order), resulting in death.

Given the availability of medical care, only unreasonable patients do not treat varicose veins as soon as signs of the disorder appear.

Disability

According to the Medical and Social Expertise, from 10 to 30% of all patients diagnosed with varicose veins are eligible for disability.

In order to clarify your rights to disability, you need to obtain a phlebologist’s opinion and provide your medical data to an expert commission to determine your ability to work.

Disability payments do little to compensate for all the physical suffering that the patient experiences in the later stages of varicose veins.

Timely diagnosis is protection against pain, non-healing ulcers and necrosis.

The slightest changes, even barely noticeable to the naked eye, such as small venous networks, edema, spider veins, are evidence of pathological processes in the body.

ATTENTION! Without treatment, complications of this disease are simply inevitable:

Telangiectasia. It is characterized by cobwebs, stars, meshes of blue or red color that cause venous insufficiency.
Venous thrombosis. The deep veins become blocked with small blood clots and are characterized by severe pain and swelling in the legs and thighs.
Thrombomphlebitis. With chronic stagnant processes, the blood begins to thicken, clogging the vessels and forming blood clots inside the saphenous veins.

With a favorable development of the disease, germination of clots by connective tissue and subsequent resorption is possible. This action occurs as a result of drug therapy or, in more rare cases, spontaneously.

IMPORTANT! With the unfavorable development of varicose veins, complete blockage occurs, ascending varicothrombophlephitis and, as a rule, emergency hospitalization. The most severe consequence is arterial thromboembolism, and even death.

Why are varicose veins on the legs dangerous?

Delayed or incorrect treatment may lead to thrombosis(complete or partial closure of a vein with a blood clot), and trophic ulcer formation.

The early stages of varicose veins of the lower extremities are characterized by the formation of small-sized vein nodes that do not cause much discomfort. The next stage is characterized by an increase in dilated veins; pain may be felt in progressive areas.

REFERENCE! At a subsequent stage, venous insufficiency occurs, manifested in extensive swelling of the legs. The skin darkens in the ankle area, various types of skin inflammation develop: dermatitis, eczema.

According to statistics, 25% of the population suffering from this disease has thrombophlebitis. Thrombophlebitis progresses and occurs due to insufficient blood outflow. Trophic ulcer(long-term non-healing wounds) occur in the final stages and cause painful suffering to patients.

What are the dangers of varicose veins of the small pelvis?

Statistics show that the main “audience” suffering from this disease is women of childbearing age. Men suffer from varicose veins much less frequently, but every fourth person over the age of 20 is at increased risk.

Women have 8 out of 10 average cases the disease occurs due to reverse blood flow(reflux) through the veins of the ovaries.

In men, this course is provoked by venous obstruction of the spermatic cord. In the process, the walls of the veins, suffering from insufficiency of muscle elements, are weakened.

REFERENCE! At the initial stage of the disease, there is an expansion of the ovarian veins to 5-7 mm, gradually expanding to 13 mm at the last stage. Last stage in most cases leads to thrombophlebitis. At this stage of the development of the disease, there is a huge probability of a blood clot leaving and entering the pulmonary artery or even the heart. This combination of circumstances often ends in death.

Skin dermatitis, varicose eczema is also a very common form of complication with pelvic varicose veins, leading to disability.

Varicose veins of the pelvis are difficult to diagnose and in the initial stages do not make themselves felt. The main diagnostic method is - Doppler ultrasound and laparoscopy.

Any initial manifestations must be treated in a timely manner because this is not only an unaesthetic appearance of the skin, but also a disease dangerous to health and life.

Useful video

The doctor talks about the dangers of varicose veins:

Varicose veins (VV) is a condition that develops mainly in the adult population due to stress on the veins or congenital vascular weakness. Why are varicose veins dangerous? The disease often causes consequences of varying severity. If the pathology continues for a long time and is left untreated, the patient may develop thrombosis, inflammation of the vascular walls and many other unpleasant complications.

Briefly about the disease

The term “varicose veins” in medical practice refers to a condition in which the patient experiences an increase in the lumen of the veins due to disruption of the valves responsible for blood circulation in the vessels of the lower extremities.

The disease develops under the influence of many unfavorable factors, often when they are combined.

Causes of varicose veins include:

pregnancy period, childbirth;
excess body weight;
bad habits;
poor nutrition;
features of working conditions - heavy physical activity or, conversely, a sedentary lifestyle;
uncomfortable shoes;
playing sports.

Most often, varicose veins occur in the legs, because it is this part of the body that bears the greatest load, but the pathology can manifest itself in other areas. Many people are diagnosed with dilated blood vessels in the rectal area (hemorrhoids). Varicose veins of the esophagus are considered a dangerous disease. In women, the pelvic vessels suffer during pregnancy and childbirth.

Common complications of varicose veins

Having figured out what the essence of the disease is, we will try to find out why varicose veins are dangerous. Due to the influence of unfavorable factors on the body, veins dilate and valves diverge. This phenomenon entails the development of a stagnant process due to improper functioning of the vascular valves. In this case, normal blood circulation is disrupted, and its reverse flow occurs - reflux. In humans, areas with dilated veins form - varicose nodes. The further development of the disease is accompanied by various complications, sometimes extremely life-threatening.

The main danger of the pathology is the formation of blood clots - thrombi. With varicose veins, such clots are formed from platelets, red blood cells and fibrin. More often, blood clots form in the veins located in the legs. Their danger lies in the development of such serious consequences as pulmonary embolism, heart attacks, and strokes.

Blood clots pose a serious threat to the entire body

If the disease is not treated, a person faces many unpleasant symptoms. These include pain, swelling, changes in the structure and shade of the skin.

Venous ulcers

Venous or trophic ulcers are characterized by skin lesions, the cause of which is a violation of blood flow and lymphatic drainage against the background of varicose veins. Due to a lack of oxygen and other nutrients, areas form in the lower extremities that are difficult to treat and take several months to heal.

The course of the disease is complicated by the frequent addition of a bacterial infection. In this case, the patient experiences severe pain and heaviness in the legs. The wounds look very unpleasant, bleed and fester. Treatment is carried out with the help of antiplatelet agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and antibacterial drugs.

Damage to the dermis

Disruption of the venous valves leads to the development of stagnant processes and a decrease in the nutrition of the skin with necessary components. Blood cells are susceptible to destruction, which entails the accumulation of a specific pigment, hemosiderin. In this case, the dermis in the area of the affected areas acquires an unhealthy purple or bluish-gray color. This is accompanied by dry, itchy sensations. Often, against the background of skin lesions, eczema and dermatitis of various types develop. Damage to the dermis in such areas leads to the formation of long-lasting wounds, even ulcers.

Thrombophlebitis

In case of a blood clot, thrombophlebitis is diagnosed - blockage of a vessel. In most cases, thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins is observed, but blockage of deep vessels also occurs. In this case, the patient develops acute pain, redness and swelling of the dermis in the area of the affected vessel, local hyperemia and some other symptoms.

If the patient has varicose veins in the rectal area, there is a risk of bleeding. Damaged vessels have very thin and brittle walls. Bleeding may occur due to irritation of the rectum with stool or during severe physical exertion. Due to constant blood loss, even a minor one, the patient may develop anemia and decrease overall health.

Bleeding is a common complication of varicose veins.

Important! The above complications can occur individually or in combination with each other. All this leads to loss of ability to work, and sometimes even disability of a person.

Danger of ERV for women

It has been proven that representatives of the fair half of humanity are more susceptible to varicose veins. This is due to pregnancy, childbirth, frequent hormonal surges, wearing high-heeled shoes, and tight tights. These conditions negatively affect vascular health, which leads to varicose veins.

The disease introduces many undesirable adjustments into a woman’s life. During the period of exacerbation of the pathology, drug treatment is required. This becomes a reason to stop breastfeeding, and therefore the child also suffers.

In addition, women often suffer from varicose veins in the pelvic area. This type of pathology often entails the following complications:

intrauterine bleeding– a dangerous condition in which a woman can lose a large amount of blood. In this case, general well-being is disturbed, there is a lack of hemoglobin and other vital substances;
inflammation of the appendages– another dangerous complication of varicose veins in the pelvic area. The inflammatory process is often chronic and negatively affects the entire reproductive system of a woman;
impossibility of pregnancy and gestation– one of the most formidable consequences of ARV. It develops due to inflammation, chronic circulatory problems, the formation of blood clots and blockage of the arteries.

Varicose veins of the pelvis in women often develop during pregnancy

In severe cases, a woman may need radical treatment methods, including complete removal of the uterus and appendages.

Complications of varicose veins in men

Varicose vessels in the pelvic area are less common in men, but the consequences of the disease can also be very negative. In men, the following conditions arise against the background of pathology:

testicular atrophy - occurs due to severe disruption of blood flow;
varicocele - dilation of blood vessels in the area of the spermatic cord. This complication entails a risk of developing infertility;
decreased male libido, worsening erection;
formation of hematomas in the pelvis;
male infertility.

Due to the nature of their work, many men suffer from varicose veins of the rectum. Lack of treatment often leads to the formation of external hemorrhoids, severe pain, and bleeding.

Important! Treatment of the disease in men and women should be carried out in a timely manner, regardless of the severity and location of venous damage.

What will happen if left untreated?

Any disease must be taken under medical control. If treatment is carried out too late or not at all, severe complications can rarely be avoided. In the absence of proper therapy, patients with varicose veins have the following clinical picture:

Constant deterioration in health and condition of the veins in the affected areas. Varicose veins do not go away on their own. The disease will progress rapidly, especially if the negative factors that caused it persist.
Over time, most patients develop thrombophlebitis, the walls of the veins and capillaries become stretched and inflamed due to malfunction of the valves, venous stagnation and impaired lymph outflow. There is a serious threat of blood clots forming and breaking off from the walls. Blood clots can block arteries that supply blood to vital organs such as the lungs.
At the last stage of development of the pathology, trophic ulcers are formed, and in especially severe cases, gangrene occurs.

The danger of varicose veins lies in the formation of trophic ulcers that do not heal for a long time.

In the last stages of the disease, varicose veins cannot be treated conservatively. Such patients require surgery, which often entails many complications (pain, swelling, scars, tissue infection, etc.).

Most severe complications

Many people consider varicose veins to be a harmless disease that cannot lead to dangerous complications. This is far from true. There are consequences of pathology that are often incompatible with life. Let's look at a few of them.

Pulmonary embolism

As already mentioned, RVV can trigger the formation of blood clots. If a blood clot blocks one of the branches of the lungs, the patient experiences pulmonary embolism. In this case, the patient feels shortness of breath and chest pain. The condition is accompanied by rapid heartbeat and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, hemoptysis, increased body temperature, vomiting, and fainting are noted.

The consequences of blockage of the lung vessels can be as follows:

pulmonary infarction;
pneumonia;
abscess;
air accumulation;
kidney damage.

In the absence of medical attention, thromboembolism often ends in death.

Bleeding in the esophagus

Esophageal varicose veins are considered a dangerous pathology. It develops under the influence of such provoking factors as poor circulation in this area, liver disease, heart failure, tumors and more. Symptoms of esophageal varices include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, and heartburn.

Approximately 30% of all patients with esophageal varices experience a complication such as bleeding. Due to constant irritation of the walls with food, vascular damage occurs. Bleeding leads to the development of anemia, fatigue, and decreased ability to work.

Important! With prolonged and intense bleeding, there is a serious threat of death to the patient.

Rectal cancer

Stagnant processes, accompanied by the formation of hemorrhoids, lead to disruption of the integrity and normal functioning of the rectal mucosa. This process significantly increases the risk of developing cancer. The clinical picture of the patient is as follows:

pain in the anus;
discharge of blood, pus, mucus;
increased body temperature;
deterioration in general health;
disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.

Treatment of pathology is carried out surgically. When diagnosed late, it can be quite difficult to cope with the disease.

A serious complication of varicose veins in the rectal area is cancer of this area

Prevention of complications with varicose veins

Answering the question of whether varicose veins are dangerous, we can say that the disease actually poses a serious threat to health. Preventing complications of varicose veins is much easier than treating them. To avoid serious consequences, you should consult a doctor in a timely manner and do not let the disease take its course. In addition, it is important to give up bad habits, organize working conditions correctly, maintain sufficient physical activity, and eat right. If necessary, you need to change your place of work and give up heavy physical activity. During pregnancy, it is important for women to monitor their weight and wear a special support bandage. All this will help maintain vascular health and prevent life-threatening complications.

Varicose veins are a pathological process characterized by an increase in the vascular lumen, a decrease in blood outflow, thinning of the walls of blood vessels and their deformation. For anatomical reasons, the disease is usually diagnosed in the veins of the legs.

The external symptoms of the disease are not only an aesthetic problem; protruding dark-colored spider veins pose a threat to the health and life of the patient. Varicose veins affect people who lead a sedentary lifestyle, are forced to remain in a sitting position for a long time, and suffer from increased blood viscosity.

The disease begins in the veins of the lower extremities, the first varicose nodes appear under the knees. At first, the pathology is asymmetrical, and over time it develops on both legs. Blood stagnates in the dilated veins, often its volume can reach two liters.

Pressure increases in the veins, nearby lymph nodes also expand, and lymph stagnates. Then, under its own pressure, the tissue fluid begins to filter into the tissue, and the patient’s legs become very swollen.

What is the danger of varicose veins

The danger of varicose veins lies in the increased risk of developing concomitant diseases. Some of them are fraught with serious health problems and death.

What are the dangers of varicose veins in the legs? The patient may experience an inflammatory process in the venous walls, a disease called phlebitis. The disorder is diagnosed in the vessels located just under the skin.

The main sign of inflammation is severe pain, which is aching or dull in nature. When palpating the affected area, a thickening is felt, and when pressed firmly, severe pain appears.

The skin on it can also hurt:

redness appears;
swelling increases;
the temperature rises.

If the patient touches the covering or simply moves his leg, he will feel a sharp pain. If the symptoms of phlebitis are ignored, thrombophlebitis develops. Malaise, chills, decreased appetite, and deterioration of health are added to the overall picture of the disease.

Blood clots are attached to the walls of blood vessels; during blood flow, they are able to break off and move to the heart muscle. When a blood clot enters the pulmonary artery, in 30% of cases the patient dies instantly.

The most common cause of varicose veins is thrombosis, when clots form in the lumen of the deep veins. With such a diagnosis, the likelihood of death increases several times. Usually:

the problem develops in the veins of the calf muscles;
the patient's ankle suddenly swells;
swelling of the lower leg muscles is felt.

The formation of blood clots is also possible in the blood vessels of the abdominal cavity; in some cases, swelling covers the entire lower limb. For treatment, the patient is prescribed surgery; this is important to prevent the movement of a blood clot.

Varicose veins can lead to pulmonary embolism. A blood clot blocks the lumen of the artery, causing an insufficient supply of oxygen molecules to the heart.

The larger the clot, the more serious the consequences can be.

Other complications

With varicose veins, swelling and ulcers often form. This may be milky or blue swelling. In the first case, they speak of blockage of a deep vein by a thrombus. The skin in the affected area becomes milky white, the limbs hurt and become heavier. In the second case, we are talking about swelling of the limb, acquiring a blue tint to the skin.

As the disorder worsens, the edema also affects healthy tissues, and trophic ulcers with purulent exudate appear on them. The lack of adequate therapy provokes the development of gangrene and limb loss.

Due to the thinning of the skin covering the veins, the patient experiences subcutaneous hemorrhages. Inflamed vessels rupture under strong pressure, and blood comes out.

Another problem associated with varicose veins is telangiectasia. The phenomenon is characterized by a blue or red vascular pattern. Easily visible stars and mesh appear on the legs.

The danger lies not in external imperfections, but in venous insufficiency. If violated, a man or woman suffers from:

heaviness in the legs;
numbness;
seizures

When a patient leads a sedentary lifestyle, his body weight increases. At the same time, hemorrhoidal nodes actively begin to form in the rectum. Periodically, neoplasms become inflamed, bleed, and can degenerate into oncology.

Varicose veins in men can threaten venous insufficiency, which is accompanied by numbness of the lower extremities, severe pain, and limitation of movements. Representatives of the stronger sex experience increased formation of blood clots, after which a heart attack should be expected.

Some patients experience the formation of ulcers, poor circulation, swelling and inflammation in the veins.

The symptoms are most pronounced in heavy smokers and lovers of strong drinks.

Problems for women

Statistics say that the negative consequences of varicose veins occur more often in women. The reasons should be sought in the numerous hormonal changes that occur during puberty, pregnancy, childbirth, abortion and menopause. An imbalance of hormones has a detrimental effect on the condition of the veins and blood vessels of the legs.

The problem is relevant for women who prefer to wear high-heeled shoes and clothes that are too tight. Weak veins cause difficulties when carrying a child or during childbirth.

During pregnancy, the legs are subject to increased stress, especially in the last weeks of the term. If preventive measures are not followed, the woman will face adverse consequences:

venous insufficiency;
bleeding under the skin;
trophic ulcers.

The patient must be observed by a phlebologist. In the absence of disease progression, complications of labor do not occur. It is important to use compression garments; this measure will prevent rupture of the affected veins.

Basic treatment methods

The method of therapy always depends on the severity of the disease, symptoms and age of the patient. To determine these features, the patient must undergo a series of special tests and undergo Doppler ultrasound.

Modern medicine offers a number of treatment methods that are an excellent alternative to surgery. After the procedure, no scars or other signs of the disease remain on the person’s skin.

Sclerotherapy has proven itself well; the manipulation involves the injection of a sclerosant drug into the affected vein. As soon as the drug begins to act, the inflamed vein becomes as if glued together, invisible.

Laser coagulation is also practiced, the radiation penetrates into the vein, under the influence of heat the affected area:

sticks together;
stops functioning;
resolves.

Studies have shown that in almost 98% of cases with laser treatment of varicose veins during the first 5 years there is no relapse at all.

Radiofrequency ablation works against the disease. The duration of the procedure is from 30 to 60 minutes, a puncture is made in the damaged area, and a radiofrequency catheter is placed into the hole. Under the influence of the device, the vein sticks together, and the patient’s well-being gradually improves.

As with , the radiofrequency method does not provoke burns, scars, or other damage to the skin. Thanks to the presence of special sensors present in the catheter, the doctor fully controls the manipulation process.

In addition, patients can use traditional methods of treatment. Apple cider vinegar has proven itself to be excellent. The product contains a lot of vitamins and minerals and can be used both internally and externally.

Vinegar is used three times a day; it is necessary to moisten a cotton pad and lubricate the sore spots with the liquid. For internal use, add a couple of large spoons of vinegar to a glass of water and drink it in the morning and evening before meals.

A suitable option is birch buds and leaves. Necessary:

sew small bags from cotton fabric;
fill them with raw materials;
sew it up carefully.

The bags are placed on the legs so that the leaves hug the legs on all sides. The thickness should be about the size of a finger. As soon as your feet begin to sweat and the leaves become wet, the bags should be replaced with fresh ones.

After just a couple of sessions, the patient will notice positive dynamics of the disease. For some people, 2-4 procedures are enough.

In case of severe swelling, the duration of treatment is determined individually.

Prevention measures

Varicose veins are a dangerous disease; without adequate medical care, it can cause early death. In order to prevent the disease, simple recommendations should be followed. If there is a predisposition to varicose veins, the patient should wear special underwear, avoid high heels, and not remain in one position for a long time.

A condition for preventing varicose veins will be the refusal of hormonal drugs and oral contraceptives. It would be a good idea to regularly do foot baths and take medications to stimulate the immune system.

When a problem with your legs has already appeared, you need to take measures as soon as possible to eliminate it. With timely initiation of therapy.

When talking about varicose veins, everyone visually imagines a bluish network of swollen blood vessels, but few people realize why varicose veins are dangerous on the legs of women.

Varicose veins are far from a cosmetic defect, but a serious pathology that can lead to dangerous consequences. Varicose veins appear in the legs, but in the absence of medical care they can “reach” the heart.

The nature of the occurrence of varicose veins is related to the gravity of our planet. The heart pumps blood and ensures continuous blood flow throughout the body. On those vessels that are located above the heart, gravity does not have a negative effect.

Things are worse in the vessels that are located below, namely on the legs. When the tone of the veins decreases or the tendency to develop blood clots, blood circulation in the vessels of the legs worsens. The blood stagnates and the blood vessels are damaged. This leads to varicose veins.

The disease at an early stage is almost asymptomatic. Often, representatives of the fair sex attribute heaviness in the legs and swelling to general malaise after a hard day. In fact, with such symptoms, the body can signal that varicose veins are beginning.

The first stage of varicose veins is characterized by external manifestations of the disease:

nodules;
bluish skin;
swelling of the lower leg.

Symptoms of this stage include rapid fatigue and possible leg cramps.

Varicose veins of this form make themselves felt in the evenings, after a long stay on your feet.

According to statistics, most patients seek medical help at the second stage. Pain in the legs intensifies, swelling and cramps in the evening and at night become constant.

The third stage is the most dangerous. The outflow of blood from the legs worsens. The skin becomes dry and changes pigmentation. The veins become inflamed, clearly bulge, and with any injury there is a risk. This stage is the most severe and, if left untreated, varicose veins develop into other more severe diseases.

Varicose veins - a woman's disease

World statistics show that women are five times more likely to suffer from varicose veins. And there are reasons for this:

Reference. According to statistics, about 90% of cases of varicose veins are associated with pregnancy.

Why are varicose veins on the legs dangerous?

Lack of treatment for varicose veins not only aggravates the condition of the veins, but also leads to serious and dangerous consequences. Advanced varicose veins progress and, if not properly treated, can be fatal. Types of consequences of varicose veins:

thrombophlebitis;
thrombosis;
thromboebolia;
formation of trophic ulcers and edema;
bleeding.

Let's look at them in more detail below.

Phlebitis

This is inflammation of the vein walls from the inside. Visually, this manifests itself in redness of the skin over the veins. There is swelling and pain when touched. The skin over the vein itself becomes painful.

The site of the inflamed vein becomes warm. Exacerbation of phlebitis leads to severe pain when touching the affected area. The skin acquires a bright color, movement of the limb leads to pain.

This condition of the veins leads to thinning of their walls. Even minor trauma can cause bleeding under the skin. A brown spot is observed at this place; it disappears over time. However, there are situations where the brown pigment remains forever.

Thrombophlebitis

Characterized by the appearance of blood clots on the walls of veins. The patient is concerned about the following symptoms:

loss of appetite;
chills;
general malaise.

The danger of this condition is that blood clots potentially threaten a person’s life. A blood clot can break off at any time and travel through the bloodstream to the pulmonary artery. This situation can even lead to the most disastrous consequences. The likelihood of death is small, but exists.

Thrombosis

Ignoring thrombophlebitis is fraught with the occurrence of thrombosis, when blood clots form in the deep veins. The danger of the condition is that the formation of blood clots in the deep veins is more likely to be fatal. The deep veins lead to the heart muscle, where the clot can travel to the pulmonary artery.

Thromboembolism

When a blood clot separates from the venous wall and moves into the pulmonary artery, thromboembolism develops. The thrombus blocks blood flow to the left atrium. The severity of the consequences directly depends on the size of the blood clot. In such a situation, the following symptoms are observed:

chest pain;
dyspnea;
rapid breathing;
coughing attacks.

Edema and trophic ulcers

Advanced cases of varicose veins can lead to swelling of the limbs. Varicose edema is divided into two types:

dairy;
blue.

The nature of the first edema is often associated with the birth of a child and occurs in the first time after childbirth. The legs swell and become whitish in color. They arise due to obstruction of blood flow in the deep veins.

Blue swelling is what makes varicose veins dangerous. It leads to blue extremities. Due to poor circulation in the extremities, the feet become cold.

Failure to take therapeutic measures in this case leads to the formation of trophic ulcers. Such wounds are filled with purulent contents and, once they appear, can remain for life. In the worst case, swelling leads to gangrene of the limbs.

Bleeding

When the disease is advanced, the condition of the vascular walls worsens. When there is a jump in venous pressure (can even occur due to coughing), or external trauma to the affected area, the vein is easily damaged and bleeding occurs.

Pregnancy and varicose veins

As pregnancy progresses, a woman's hormonal background changes significantly. Hormonal surges can become a prerequisite for the occurrence of varicose veins. Complications during pregnancy are more likely to occur, since many treatments are contraindicated during this period.

The consequences of varicose veins during pregnancy include:

bleeding;
thrombophlebitis;
thrombosis;
trophic ulcers;
venous insufficiency, which can become chronic.

If the appearance of varicose veins cannot be avoided, the woman is recommended to wear it before giving birth to avoid injury to the affected areas and bleeding.

However, if there are complications or varicose veins in an advanced form, this may become a contraindication to natural delivery.

Treatment methods

The sooner treatment for varicose veins begins, the faster the result will be achieved.

Conclusion

A frivolous attitude towards varicose veins on the legs leads to serious and even life-threatening consequences. Venous insufficiency, blockage of blood vessels, tissue necrosis, the formation of ulcers and even gangrene - this is what varicose veins in the legs lead to.

Such consequences do not necessarily occur when the disease lasts for years; complications can arise within a few days. By neglecting treatment, you not only worsen the quality of your life, but also put it at risk.

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