How to treat a deep wound on the hand. How to properly treat a wound at home

Why do you need to treat even small abrasions?
Abrasions, scratches, cuts, burns, no matter how minor, require immediate treatment. Otherwise, they may become infected and will have to undergo long and serious treatment.

Everyone needs to know: wounds treated in the first hour or two fester earlier and heal faster than those treated much later.

The issue of treatment is most acute in cases where soil, animal or human excrement gets into the wound, or when non-sterile dressing material is used to dress an open wound. Moreover, the wound does not have to be deep — a puncture, a splinter, abrasion (for example, on the foot), a cut, a bite, an open fracture, as well as frostbite and burns can become an entry point for infection. With such pollution, there is a danger of anaerobic microbes being introduced into the thickness of damaged tissue (they do not need air to live), which can cause both tetanus and gas gangrene. This is very dangerous for human life!

Why shouldn't antibiotics be used?
Antibiotics are not used for either initial or subsequent wound treatment! They act only on bacterial flora; the wound may contain bacterial, fungal, or mixed microflora. In all these cases, antiseptics are used to treat wounds. They can act not only on bacteria, but also on viruses, fungi, and the tuberculosis bacillus. In addition, microbes are less likely to develop resistance to antiseptics.

How to use antiseptics correctly?
Antiseptics do not speed up wound healing; they only eliminate microbes - factors that slow down the process of tissue regeneration: they take away oxygen and nutrients from the cells responsible for wound healing. You also need to know that improper use of an antiseptic can slow down healing, so each of them has a specific role in each phase of the wound process.

What are the most common antiseptics for treating wounds, and how to use them correctly?

Hydrogen peroxide. Only 3% of its concentration is used to treat wounds (6% causes severe skin burns; sterile instruments are only stored in it). It is an excellent remedy for primary wound treatment: with the foam that is formed during its use, dirt particles, dead cells, and so on are mechanically removed. Shows minimal bactericidal effect. It can be used to treat wounds both on the surface of the skin and on the mucous membranes. It is worth knowing how to treat a wound with hydrogen peroxide without causing a skin burn. It is also used for subsequent treatments of purulent wounds or those in which there is a high probability of the appearance of anaerobic flora. It is better to treat the wound with a pulsating stream of peroxide, and not apply to the wound surface, after moistening gauze or cotton wool with it. Wetting the bandage on the wound with peroxide makes it less painful to remove.
Hydrogen peroxide should not be used on healing wounds. - it causes a burn to young rumen cells, which slows down the regeneration process. Also it is not used for deep wounds and is not injected into body cavities.
The wound should not be treated simultaneously with peroxide and acidic or alkaline compounds, as well as penicillin. When potassium iodide reacts with hydrogen peroxide, free iodine is released. One significant point: hydrogen peroxide is very sensitive to storage in light - its antibacterial properties are inactivated within 24 hours, especially if the container with it has been left open. You can store opened peroxide in the refrigerator, where there is no light for about a month, closed - for 2 years at a temperature of 8-15°C.

Furacilin aqueous solution (alcohol solution of furatsilin is used mainly for the treatment of purulent inflammation of the ear). It is bought either in pharmacies where there is a prescription department (where they can also prepare the medicine from the components prescribed by the doctor), or in the form of tablets in any pharmacy, then the solution is prepared independently: 10 tablets are dissolved in 1 liter of hot water, and then the resulting liquid is cooled.Them treat wounds both on the skin and mucous membranes, pouring a thin stream over the wound . Him also can be applied to a dry wound dressing to make it easier to remove. A solution of furatsilin is used and for initial treatment of the wound, and in case of danger of its suppuration, as well as during suppuration. The finished solution is good for about 14 days, but it must be stored in a dark glass jar at a temperature of 8-15°C, protected from light.

Alcohol. At a concentration of 40 to 70% it exhibits disinfectant properties, above 70% it exhibits tanning properties. Not applied to mucous membranes . Ethyl alcohol the edges of the wound, previously washed at the stage of primary treatment, are processed . After this, a second antiseptic is applied - a dye (brilliant, iodine) and a sterile bandage is applied to the wound.

Chlorhexidine digluconate. Available in the form of a solution. It has a fairly wide spectrum of action: it affects not only bacteria, but also viruses, protozoa and fungi. It is used for primary treatment of wounds after it has been cleaned with hydrogen peroxide, and for the treatment of purulent wounds . To do this, you do not need to use a large amount of it; a few milliliters are enough, which are drawn into a syringe from which the wound is watering.

Potassium permanganate. A weak solution of this powder in saline solution (it should be barely pink) is used to wash wounds (both on the skin and mucous membranes) as a both primary treatment and festering, especially when there is a danger of anaerobic microorganisms entering the wound. Before washing wounds, you need to prepare a fresh solution each time.

Iodine. Available as an alcohol solution. They are being processed only the edges of the wound, so as not to cause burns. Iodine should not be used with increased sensitivity to iodine, increased thyroid function, thyroid adenoma, dermatitis, kidney disease.

Zelenka. This is an alcohol-based antiseptic dye solution. They are being processed only the edges of the wounds, without getting on damaged tissue. Has a drying effect. Applicable until fresh scar tissue begins to appear in the wound , and even more so they try not to get on it, so as not to burn it and slow down the healing process.

Fukortsin. Coloring antiseptic. Can be applied on the edges of the ra n both on the skin and on mucous membranes . Has less drying effect than brilliant green and iodine. In the treatment of wounds it is used much less frequently than they are.

Read more about first aid:

Purulent wounds can appear at any age in any person. If treated incorrectly or untimely, this leads to complex complications.

Therefore, it is extremely important to know what drugs and other means to use, how to carry out the procedures correctly.

If infection occurs when the integrity of the skin is damaged, then the issue of treating purulent wounds at home becomes acute. After all, suppuration leads to the most unpleasant consequences, including gangrene.

Abscesses are a lumen with purulent fluid, around which an inflammatory process occurs. The disease occurs against the background of infection of any wound (cut, scratch, puncture, etc.).

Simply put, pus is formed due to the penetration of a pathogenic microorganism into the wound.

A purulent formation can occur in any part of the body, but is most often found on the leg, arm, buttocks, abdomen, and fingers. Pus can have a thick or liquid consistency, as well as a different color.

It is the shade that allows you to determine the type of pathogen:

• the whitish and yellowish color of the thick structure indicates infection with the staphylococcus bacterium;
• with a liquid consistency of a brownish-yellow hue, we are talking about E. coli;
• a watery structure of yellow and green color is characterized by infection with streptococcus;
• brown, foul-smelling liquid – anaerobic microbes;
• if the shade of pus inside is yellow, but changes color when in contact with air, then it is Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Symptoms of purulent wounds

1. Bursting, throbbing or pressing pain.
2. Redness of the skin around the lesion.
3. On palpation, the skin feels hot.
4. Change in skin color at the site of pathology.
5. Swelling and headache.
6. Increased body temperature, chills, weakness.
7. Loss of appetite and increased sweating.

Causes of infection

As you know, purulent wounds occur due to infection. But why then does one person immediately notice the inflammatory process, while the other does not? It turns out that there are certain factors that influence the transformation of a simple wound into a purulent form.

First of all, this is a weakened immune system and the presence of certain pathologies (diabetes mellitus, HIV, etc.). Climatic conditions (high humidity) and extensive pollution of the area also play a huge role.

A pathogenic microorganism can be introduced into a wound through dirty hands or the use of non-sterile materials for processing.

The first question that arises is how to treat a purulent wound. Because the effectiveness and duration of subsequent therapy depends on this.

Not every person is ready to go to the clinic with such a minor problem. And it’s not always possible to see a doctor right away.

Therefore, it is necessary to know the rules of primary processing:

1. Wound disinfection and rinsing. What to wash with? Every home has hydrogen peroxide, so use this liquid. You can use Furacilin, potassium permanganate diluted in water, or a solution of Chlorhexidine.
2. Next you need to treat the area around the wound. To do this, you can take brilliant green or iodine. After this, you need to make a dressing (apply a sterile bandage).
3. Further care includes application of ointments, daily rinsing and other types of processing.
4. In particularly advanced cases, the doctor prescribes surgery. For example, if the wound is lacerated, open, with the presence of foreign bodies, etc. The surgeon performs a deep cleaning, removing blood clots, fragments, dead tissue and cells. This will speed up the healing process. If necessary, the doctor excises the uneven edges and then applies sutures.

Quite often, the doctor suggests administering a special anti-tetanus serum, and for bites from unvaccinated animals, a rabies vaccine. You should not refuse the procedure, as this will prevent complications.

The basis of the algorithm for treating purulent lesions is to remove dead epithelium, cleanse purulent fluid, accelerate regeneration processes and prevent the development and growth of pathogenic microorganisms.

For processing, you will need a sterile bandage and gauze pads, scissors washed in alcohol, sterile gloves, adhesive tape, solutions and ointments.

Initially, the area around the wound is washed and treated with hydrogen peroxide, manganese or other solutions. Next, use scissors to cut a sterile napkin to the size of the wound, apply ointment to it and apply it to the lesion. After this, bandage it. All manipulations must be done with gloves.

If you remove a bandage with accumulated pus, do it with rubber gloves. After removing the purulent napkin, be sure to change your gloves. Otherwise, you risk spreading the infection throughout your body.

Treatment methods for purulent wounds

Before treating purulent wounds, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic methods. Medical principles of treatment include the following:

• cleansing of purulent fluid and dead tissues and cells;
• neutralization of swelling and other symptoms;
• destruction of bacteria.

If the pus cannot be removed naturally, drainage is performed. It can be passive or active.

In the first case, drainage from tubes, strips, turundas and napkins soaked in antiseptics is used. Active drainage involves the use of suction devices.

Since purulent wounds belong to the infectious group, the use of antibiotics is necessary. Depending on the severity of suppuration, various forms of drugs are used.

For example, with minor suppuration, local exposure is sufficient, and in more complex cases, complex treatment is prescribed. That is, the wounds are treated with antibacterial ointments and solutions, and the patient takes tablets orally. Injections are also prescribed quite often.

The most popular antibiotics for purulent wounds:

• tetracyclines;
• cephalosporins;
• penicillins.

Modern pharmacology produces a huge number of universal ointments that have a comprehensive effect. But what ointment to use for purulent wounds in a particular case will be decided by the attending physician and directly by you.

List of the best ointments:

The most common and popular drugs:

Treatment at home: traditional medicine recipes

Modern medicine does not deny the positive effects of medicinal herbs and other components used in folk medicine.

After all, many drugs are made from plant extracts. Therefore, folk remedies are popular.

Juna is a folk healer, thanks to whom many people got rid of various pathologies. One of her recipes is Juna's unique ointment.

Although, she personally claimed that this remedy came from the people, and she only recommended it. The ointment can draw out any purulent fluid in a short time.

So, you will need 1 raw egg yolk, 1 tsp. honey and 1 tbsp. l. wheat flour. Mix all ingredients thoroughly and store in the refrigerator.

If necessary, apply the resulting mixture directly to the hearth, covering the top with a piece of toilet paper or a paper napkin. Be sure to apply a protective bandage.

The ointment can be changed every 3 hours throughout the day.. If you want to leave it overnight, feel free to leave it. After removal, you will find accumulations of pus that need to be removed. If there is no purulent liquid yet, then apply another layer of the mixture on top.

Almighty aloe flower

Aloe is a bactericidal plant that destroys pathogens, draws out pus and heals.

But how to use aloe correctly to achieve maximum effect? There are several ways:

1. Wash the plant leaf and cut it lengthwise. Apply to the affected area and secure. To enhance the antibacterial effect, you can drop a little iodine.
2. Peel the aloe and finely chop. Apply the paste to the wound.
3. Squeeze the juice out of the cleaned plant, soak a gauze cloth in it and apply it to the damaged area.

Aloe needs to be changed every 2-3 hours. Try to use a 3 year old plant. Be sure to treat the wound with any solution before the procedure.

Horseradish recipes

Horseradish is a powerful antibacterial plant, so it is used to treat purulent formations. Horseradish infusion is used as lotions, compresses and rinsing solutions.

Grind the root part, take 1 tbsp. l. and pour boiling water over it. It is advisable to insist in a thermos for 1 hour.

You can make a tincture from fresh leaves. Weigh 200 grams of the plant and twist the leaves through a meat grinder. You should end up with a paste that needs to be poured with 1 liter of boiled water (temperature slightly above room temperature).

Now place the mixture in a glass jar and close the lid tightly. You need to insist for 12 hours. Do not forget to periodically stir the ingredients during this time.

Other recipes

Try not to self-medicate, this can lead to complications.. It is better to consult your doctor, as separate groups of drugs may be prescribed for each type of bacteria. And then you can easily get rid of the purulent wound!

We all encounter wound treatment from time to time. How quickly and easily it will heal depends on the correct treatment of the wound. It is very important to properly wash the wound and use an antiseptic to prevent the growth of germs and fungi in the wound. Today there is a wide selection of antiseptics, so it can be difficult to choose the best option.

Many of us habitually use brilliant green or iodine, but there are also more modern means. But will they be more effective or safer? We will try to understand this issue and choose the safest, most convenient and effective means for treating wounds.

How to properly treat a wound with an antiseptic

Before you start choosing an antiseptic, you need to understand that any drug, even the best one, must be used correctly, then it will not cause harm and will be useful.

If we treat a wound, then before using an antiseptic, it is advisable to wash it with running water and soap. Soap can also kill germs, so in many cases you can do without additional antiseptic treatment. It is also very important to ensure that the antiseptic does not irritate or damage and is not absorbed into the blood.

If you need to use an antiseptic in the area of ​​the eyes, mouth or nose, then alcohol or oil preparations are definitely not suitable. Only weak aqueous solutions can be used here. Before starting treatment with an antiseptic, you must wash your hands and try not to touch the sores unnecessarily.

Even ten centuries BC, the beginnings of antiseptics existed - surgeons calcined instruments in fire, washed them with hot water and some plant juices.

If the wound is deep enough, then you should not fill it with an antiseptic, since it is not only very painful, it can also further injure the tissue, leading to its necrosis. It is usually recommended to treat only the edges of the wound. If it is necessary to treat the skin for any disease, it is better to first consult a dermatologist, since in some diseases the use of an antiseptic can only aggravate the situation.

Now let’s look at the most popular and in demand antiseptics in our country and the features of their use.

Using hydrogen peroxide to treat wounds

We usually use a three percent hydrogen peroxide solution, which is a clear, odorless liquid. This product can be used almost from birth; it is often recommended to wash the umbilical wound of newborns with hydrogen peroxide. It does not cause painful sensations during treatment, so most children easily agree to such a procedure, in contrast to treatment with “pinching” substances.

Hydrogen peroxide solution is one of the few antiseptics that can be applied directly to the wound. When it gets into a fresh wound, a chemical reaction occurs, during which it releases atomic oxygen, which kills microbes. In addition, it is important to consider that during the reaction, peroxide foams, cleaning the wound not only from germs, but also from pus and dead tissue.

Lucretius Carus, who lived before the beginning of our era, put forward a theory about the existence of invisible seeds in nature. According to his idea, some of these seeds caused diseases.

Most often, peroxide is used to treat the umbilical wound, to soak bandages and dried crusts on wounds, and to treat small wounds and abrasions. But you should not allow hydrogen peroxide to come into contact with your eyes or any other mucous membranes, as it can cause them. If hydrogen peroxide accidentally gets into your eyes, you should immediately rinse them with as much water as possible.

Should I use brilliant green to treat wounds?

Zelenka, or, more correctly, a solution of brilliant green, is an aniline dye, which, by the will of fate or chance, became a favorite antiseptic in the post-Soviet space. Back in the 19th century, scientists discovered that aniline dyes kill germs, so they began to be used as antiseptics. Gradually, they were all replaced by more modern substances, but bright green remained one of the favorite means for treating wounds.

Brilliant green very quickly has a disinfecting and disinfecting effect, killing all bacteria in the wound area. Unlike iodine, brilliant green is less damaging to the skin, so it is often recommended for children. Everyone knows about using brilliant green to treat rashes during chickenpox. Here it helps not only to disinfect pimples, but also to mark them to make counting easier.

Zelenka is not used for heavy bleeding, as well as for the treatment of children with hypersensitivity to this drug. It is also prohibited to use brilliant green together with ammonia, chlorine, and iodine. Do not apply brilliant green to wet wounds.

The familiar term “antiseptic” was introduced into circulation only in 1750, and this was done by Dr. Pringle from England. But antiseptics began to be used in surgical practice only at the end of the 19th century.

An interesting fact related to brilliant green - nowhere in the world except post-Soviet countries is green green used. This is due not only to the aesthetic side of its use. The main reason is the lack of objective data on its safety. This is a very old drug that was invented even before the advent of modern methods of testing drugs, for example, for carcinogenicity. Naturally, today no one wants to study such an old and cheap medicine.

Using iodine solution as an antiseptic

One of the most popular antiseptics in our country is iodine solution. Five percent solutions are usually used, since a high concentration of the substance can lead to skin burns. Iodine solution is now available in liquid or pencil form. It is used to treat the edges of a wound. For children under one year of age, the use of iodine is not recommended, as their skin is too sensitive and iodine can cause irritation.

When applied topically, iodine kills all microbes on the surface to which it is applied. But it can also cause burning and irritation. If iodine gets into small wounds, it usually causes unpleasant pain. Usually, pustular or inflammatory skin lesions, as well as lesions of both skin and nails, are treated with iodine. They also treat the edges of the wounds of the surgical field, which helps prevent infection.

Antiseptics led the Hungarian obstetrician Ignaz Semmelweis to a madhouse, as his colleagues considered his craving for disinfection and sterility an eccentricity and got him placed in a psychiatric clinic.

Iodine should not be used simultaneously with ichthyol and ammonia, as this leads to a pronounced irritant effect on the patient’s skin. In addition, you should not treat mucous membranes with iodine or pour it into wounds.

Miramistin solution - a modern antiseptic (Video)

Miramistin solution is a much more modern remedy, which, moreover, has a very wide spectrum of action. Miramistin easily kills not only bacteria, but also fungi and viruses. Often he manages to cope even with those microorganisms that are not amenable to other antiseptics.

Miramistin solution is a clear, tasteless liquid (it is better not to try it), colorless and odorless. It does not cause irritation even when it gets on mucous membranes and does not cause allergies. This allows this substance to be used even by children from the first days of life. When applied, it does not cause burning, pain or any discomfort.

Miramistin solution is used to treat abrasions and cuts, as well as burns, both solar and thermal. For stomatitis, it can be used to treat the oral cavity, and can also be used for candidiasis to treat affected skin, for sore throat and pharyngitis, for fungal infections of the nails and skin.

Before the advent of antiseptics in official medicine, people already widely used substances such as incense, myrrh, wormwood, chamomile, aloe, rose hips, honey, sugar, alcohol, sulfur, kerosene and even ordinary salt to eliminate the risk of infection.

You can apply the miramistin solution using a cotton swab. There are also different preparations based on this substance, which are available in bottles with droppers or sprays and are intended for different purposes. Miramistin solution not only kills harmful microorganisms, but also promotes rapid healing of wounds.

Chlorhexidine solution is an inexpensive and effective antiseptic

Today, chlorhexidine can be purchased in different dosage forms, as a simple solution, as a gel, cream or even a patch. This drug has a bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect against various bacteria; it can also fight fungi and even viruses. The activity of chlorhexidine remains in the presence of blood, pus, various secretions and any organic substances in the wound.

Chlorhexidine has a wide spectrum of action, which allows it to be used not only for treating wounds, but also for treating fungal and bacterial infections of the skin and mucous membranes. In addition, this substance is widely used to prevent sexually transmitted infections. Chlorhexilin is also used in the treatment of periodontitis, stomatitis, gingivitis, etc.

At the end of the 19th century, carbolic acid, which in itself is a rather toxic substance, was widely used for antiseptic purposes. It was subsequently replaced by safer substances.

The only contraindication to the use of this drug is hypersensitivity to its components. During pregnancy, lactation, as well as in children, this substance should be used with caution. Taking the solution internally is strictly prohibited. In addition, even when used externally, it sometimes causes unpleasant side effects such as dermatitis, photosensitivity, etc.

In the form of a cut or wound. Most often, people injure their arms and legs. Young children may fall or get scratched during active play. Adults are cut with knives and scissors. Most often, no one is afraid of a minor injury, but not everyone knows how to properly treat a wound and what complications may arise.

Why are cuts dangerous?

Cuts and wounds can damage a large vessel, artery, or nerve. If dangerous microorganisms enter and the wound is not treated, you may even lose an arm or leg. If gangrene begins or a non-healing trophic wound forms, they can become a life-threatening source of infection. In medical practice, there are cases when a decision is made to amputate to save a person’s life.

At the inflammatory stage, complications such as purulent leaks and phlegmon may occur. This occurs when the pus that forms in the wound does not come out, but into the surrounding tissues or into the cavities between them. If, after receiving an injury, the condition of the whole body began to deteriorate sharply, fever and weakness appeared, then it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor.

Primary treatment of wounds

Regardless of where the integrity of the skin is broken and how, primary wound treatment is required. For small household cuts, first of all, it is necessary to remove visible contamination from the wound. To do this, you can twist a sterile bandage into a triangle to create a pointed tip, or use tweezers (tweezers) previously disinfected with alcohol or vodka. After cleansing the wound, it should be treated with an antiseptic ( germ-killing drug). Can be used as an antiseptic hydrogen peroxide 3%, iodine, iodinol, chlorhexidine biglucanate etc. Hydrogen peroxide not only chemically destroys microorganisms, but also brings them to the surface mechanically - due to the formation of bubbles.

In the absence of medications, they can be replaced with an aqueous 2% soda solution, a concentrated solution of table salt, chamomile infusion, and vodka. Unless a cut or wound is made with a sterile scalpel, there will always be germs in it. Even postoperative wounds become infected, not to mention household wounds. After treatment, the wound must be closed from possible re-contamination by applying a bandage or plaster. If we are talking about very small and shallow cuts, you can stop there.

Deep wound care

If the wound surface is regarded as large, even in the subjective opinion of the wounded person, it is better to seek medical help. Cuts longer than 1.5-2 cm, will take a long time to heal on their own, cause discomfort and, quite likely, will cause complications. In this case, it is better to consult a doctor. The same applies to wounds that bring unbearable pain (possible damage to a nerve branch), or wounds that are accompanied by profuse, continuous bleeding. Medium-sized wounds and cuts cannot always be treated with surgery. But when suturing any wound, it will always heal faster. Medical care in this case includes: treatment of the wound, excision (circumcision) of the edges of the wound, stopping bleeding, suturing. Sometimes sutures can be placed a little later, when the inflammatory process in the wound decreases. The wound dressing must be changed daily. In the first week, a wet-dry bandage is applied, then they switch to ointment ones. Antiseptic drugs are used in wet dressings. Ointments for treating wounds consist of antimicrobial agents and substances that promote healing. For example, ointments such as levomikol, levosin, methyluracil are used.
In parallel, a prophylactic course of broad-spectrum antibiotics is prescribed.

Stages of wound healing

There are 2 types of wound regeneration - primary and secondary intention. In the first case, the edges of the wound should be smooth, located close to each other, and there should be no microbes in it at all. Then the cut will immediately be closed by epithelium (skin cells). The process of secondary intention is characteristic of injuries in which infection and cell death occurred during injury. The essence of secondary intention is that first inflammation begins in the wound, then intermediate tissue is formed, and the last stage is scarring.

Inflammation of the wound occurs due to microbes. It is accompanied by swelling of the edges of the wound, an increase in the temperature of the surrounding tissues, and pain. During inflammation, cells are released from the blood that kill microorganisms inside the wound. This is the body's protective response. If the cut is covered with a crust of blood, it should never be torn off, even if pus or serous fluid oozes from underneath it. This crust protects the wound from new microbes and allows the healing stages to proceed sequentially. After a week, the inflammation subsides, and the wound begins to be lined with granulation (intermediate) tissue. During normal healing, after another 7-10 days, granulations turn into a scar.

Sometimes wounds take a very long time to heal or become reinfected. In such cases, surgical intervention, wound revision, and antibacterial therapy are necessary. This can happen if the wound is treated incorrectly or not treated properly. There is also a risk of the wound becoming infected with dangerous microbes and developing diseases such as gangrene or tetanus.

Any cut, even the smallest one, must be treated. This is the first necessary condition for the prevention of possible complications. You should not ignore medical help, and if possible, it is better to consult a specialist.

Tell us in the comments about your worst wounds. How did you receive it, how did it heal?

The wounds can be minor, or they can pose a serious danger to a person’s life. – this is a key point in the treatment of damage, on which the further condition and speed of tissue healing depends.

Wound treatment is an important point for any injury.

• first aid should be provided as early as possible;
• Before treatment, thoroughly rinse the wound with an antiseptic solution and remove dirt;
• do not remove foreign bodies from the wound: the removal of objects caught in the wound is carried out by a doctor;
• disinfect the wound only with well-washed hands or wearing sterile gloves;
• to prevent infection, treat the edges of the wound with a solution of brilliant green or iodine, but not the wound surface itself;
• do not apply cotton wool to the damaged area - this can lead to infection;
• cover the damaged area only with a sterile bandage or gauze; a clean, ironed piece of cotton material will also work;
• change the dressing material at least 2 times a day.

You can wash the wound with water only 10 minutes after the bleeding has stopped.

Only minor cuts and abrasions can be disinfected and treated on your own at home; for more serious damage to the skin and soft tissue, immediately seek medical help.

How to properly treat wounds?

After receiving a wound, it is necessary to properly treat the injury as soon as possible and contact a medical facility. Further treatment of the wound is based on the use of medications and folk remedies.

Stab and cut wounds

An incised wound occurs as a result of injury with a sharp object, has smooth edges and a shallow depth. A deep cut wound is called a stab wound. Stab wounds are more dangerous than cut wounds, as they lead to severe blood loss and often cause death.

First aid:

1. Stop the bleeding. If there is a pulsating discharge of bright scarlet blood from the wound (arterial bleeding), apply a tourniquet slightly above the injured area; if the blood is dark red (venous bleeding), apply a pressure bandage below the wound. If the injury is on the torso or face, apply pressure to the pulsating vessel using a clean piece of cotton wool wrapped in gauze. If the cut is shallow and there is little bleeding, apply pressure with a full bandage or adhesive tape.
2. Disinfect the wound. After the bleeding has stopped, rinse the injured area under running water, then with a solution of hydrogen peroxide or Chlorhexidine, and cover the edges with brilliant green, iodine or alcohol.
3. Apply a sterile dressing. Apply a germicidal bandage to a small cut on your finger or hand.
4. See your doctor. If you cannot stop the bleeding on your own, immediately call an ambulance.

Show a deep stab wound to a specialist. At the medical facility, the injury will be treated and, if necessary, stitched and bandaged.

1. Antiseptics.(Chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate). Disinfect the damaged area.
2. Healing bactericidal ointments and sprays(Solcoseryl, Eplan, Vishnevsky Ointment, Bepanten, Miramistin). Promote tissue regeneration and destroy bacteria. →
3. Antibiotics(Tetracycline, Erythromycin). Prescribed for wound infection by pathogenic microorganisms and purulent processes.
4. Painkillers(No-Shpa, Nurofen). Relieves pain.

No-spa relieves pain from cuts and other wounds

To make the wound heal faster, use traditional medicine that will help speed up the process of tissue regeneration.

Folk remedies:

1. Aloe. For small cuts, lubricate the injured area with aloe juice several times a day until complete healing. Aloe is a natural antiseptic, moisturizes the skin and prevents inflammation, ideal for treating wounds on the delicate skin of a child.
2. Calendula. Dilute 1 tsp. calendula tincture in 1 glass of warm water. Apply a piece of gauze soaked in the solution to the cut and fix it for 1 hour. Apply the compress daily until recovery.

Do not remove dried crusts from a healing wound - this can lead to scarring.

Puncture wound

With a stab wound, deep layers of tissue are damaged. A puncture wound is an ideal breeding ground for infections, including tetanus. Most often, puncture wounds appear on the legs.

First aid:

1. Stop the bleeding. Cover the wounded area tightly with a bandage or clean cloth.
2. Clean the wound. Rinse the damaged area under running warm water and remove dirt with tweezers.
3. Carry out disinfection. Lubricate the edges with brilliant green or iodine, and treat the wound itself with an antiseptic solution.
4. Apply a sterile dressing.
5. See your doctor. A deep puncture wound should be inspected for the presence of foreign objects. Medical attention is also necessary if the wound is caused by a rusty metal object or soil has entered it.

Stop the bleeding first

If there is a foreign object in the wound, do not try to remove it yourself - you can injure the tissue even more.

Medicines for drug therapy:

1. Antiseptics(hydrogen peroxide, Furacilin solution). Disinfect, prevent suppuration.
2. Healing bactericidal ointments(Baneocin, Erythromycin ointment, Bactoban, Bepanten). Disinfect the wound and promote rapid healing.
3. Antibiotics(Tetracycline, Erythromycin). Suppress the activity of pathogenic organisms.
4. Painkillers(Analgin, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol). Relieves pain.

Pain reliever for puncture wounds

If infection with the tetanus virus is suspected, emergency preventive vaccination is carried out. Emergency vaccination is necessary for patients who have not received a tetanus vaccination and those who received it more than 5 years ago.

Get your tetanus vaccinations on time. Otherwise, if you are injured by a rusty metal object or bitten by an animal, you will have to carry out emergency disease prevention and put your life at high risk.

Folk remedies:

1. Propolis. Effective for puncture wounds from which pus is drained. Lubricate the affected area with a piece of gauze soaked in propolis tincture 3 times a day.
2. Nettle. Apply fresh nettle juice to the sore spot once a day as a compress.

Chopped and lacerated wounds

Chopped and lacerated wounds occur due to injury from a heavy sharp object. Injuries may be accompanied by damage to bones, large vessels and internal organs. Often, as a result of a laceration, an area of ​​torn skin is formed, which quickly dies. Injuries often lead to death or disability.

Lacerated wound after being hit with a sharp object

First aid for a chopped or lacerated wound comes down to transporting the victim to a medical facility as quickly as possible.

The injury is accompanied by severe bleeding and extensive damage to soft tissues; applying a tourniquet is not recommended. A bleeding wound deprived of skin has a strong psychological effect on others, which complicates pre-medical primary treatment.

Before the ambulance arrives, you need to apply a thick gauze bandage to the open wound to slow down the bleeding and give the victim a painkiller.

Drug treatment of the injury is carried out after surgery.

Groups of medications used in the treatment of chopped and lacerated wounds:

• antiseptic drugs;
• painkillers;
• antibacterial drugs;
• healing medications.

Ointment for scars Fermenkol

After a chopped and lacerated wound, a noticeable scar remains, so ointment for scars and scars (Kelofibraza, Fermenkol, Contractubex) is added to the list.

Folk remedies:

1. Onion. Grind the onions into a pulp, wrap in gauze and apply to the wound for 1-1.5 hours. Apply the compress daily. Onion is effective for festering lesions.
2. Ointment made from honey and fish oil. Mix fish oil and honey in a ratio of 1:3 and apply 3 times a day to the affected area of ​​the skin.

Bite wounds

Bites from animals, especially wild ones, are fraught with rabies and tetanus. Quickly provided first aid greatly reduces the risk of illness.

Be sure to treat the wound after an animal bite

First aid:

1. Wash the wound with plenty of soap and water as quickly as possible.
2. Treat the bite. Soak a piece of bandage with hydrogen peroxide and press it onto the bite for 2 minutes. Treat the edges of the wound with alcohol (not higher than 70%), vodka or other liquid containing ethyl alcohol.
3. To stop the bleeding, apply a bandage; if the bite is small, an adhesive plaster will be enough.
4. Seek medical help as soon as possible.

The goal of drug treatment of a bite wound is to minimize the number of microorganisms and prevent their proliferation.

Amoxiclav destroys microbes that have entered the wound from an animal

Medicines for drug therapy:

• Antibiotics(Amoxiclav, Cefuroxime, Lincomycin). They destroy microorganisms that have entered the wound with the animal’s saliva.
• Antimicrobials(Metronidazole, Trichopolum). Prevents the reproduction and vital activity of anaerobic infection.
• Immunoprotectants
• Antiseptics(Furacilin, Chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide). Disinfect the wound.
• Antihistamines(Claritin, Diazolin). Prevents allergic reactions to medications used.
• Ointments(Solcoseryl, Actovegin). Accelerate tissue healing.

On the first day after the bite, emergency vaccination against tetanus and rabies is carried out.

There are no folk remedies for the treatment of a bite wound, since only pharmaceutical preparations cope with the infection that has entered the wound. Homemade recipes can only be used at the stage of skin healing.

Folk remedies:

1. Honey. The product heals well and relieves inflammation. Apply honey to the healing wound and cover with an adhesive plaster or bandage.
2. Plantain. Lubricate the wound with plantain juice 3-4 times a day until complete healing.

Surgical wounds

Surgical wounds- These are the injuries caused by the surgeon during the operation. The lesions are considered sterile. The wounds have smooth edges and after the operation they are carefully aligned with each other using sutures, after which an aseptic bandage is applied to the sutured wound.

Sterile scar after surgery

Surgical wounds require only postoperative drug treatment.

Medicines for drug therapy:

• Antibiotics(Lincomycin, Erythromycin). Provides prevention of infection.
• Antiseptics(Chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, Levasept, iodine solution). Disinfect the wound.
• Healing ointments(Actovegin, Solcoseryl). Accelerate tissue regeneration after removal of drainage. →
• Anti-scar ointments(Mederma, Contractubex). Prevents the formation of large noticeable scars.

The best folk remedy for healing postoperative wounds is sea buckthorn or milk thistle oil. Lubricate the skin area with a cotton swab soaked in oil 3 times a day until complete healing.

Gunshot wounds

There are no general instructions for providing first aid for a gunshot wound - the procedure depends on the location and nature of the injury. Measures must be taken very quickly - a person can die in a few seconds from blood loss.

1. Call an ambulance.
2. Place the victim's body in a supine position; if wounded in the chest, in a semi-sitting position.
3. Stop the bleeding by applying a tourniquet to the limb. If you are wounded in the spine or neck, pinch the damaged artery with your finger.
4. If a bullet hits the chest, immediately press down the hole with available materials (a fragment of clothing, a bandage).
5. Cover the head wound with a sterile dressing or bandage.

It is not advisable to provide other measures - this is the task of the medical staff. A gunshot wound requires urgent surgical treatment. After the operation, measures are taken aimed at stimulating restoration processes in tissues.

Medicines for drug therapy:

• Antibiotics(Amoxiclav, Cefuroxime, Lincomycin). Destroy microorganisms that have penetrated the wound.
• Antimicrobials(Metronidazole, Trichopolum). Relieve inflammation, prevent the formation of suppuration and gangrene.
• Immunoprotectants(Polyoxidonium, Cytovir-3, Interferon). Strengthen the body's resistance to bacteria caught in the wound.
• Antiseptics(Furacilin, Chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide). Disinfect the wound.
• Antioxidants(Mexidol). They relieve convulsions and prevent oxygen starvation of damaged tissues.
• Painkillers(Ibuprofen, Codeine). Eliminate pain and improve the patient's well-being.

Ibuprofen - pain reliever

The victim is injected with serum for tetanus and gas gangrene. Treatment of gunshot wounds using traditional methods is not recommended.

In everyday life, injuries occur frequently. Each first aid kit should contain all the means for providing pre-medical and subsequent treatment of various wounds: a sterile bandage, a solution of iodine and brilliant green, hydrogen peroxide, healing ointments and painkillers.