Royal blood disease. The salvation of the royal family of Nicholas II or how Tsarevich Alexei - became Alexei Nikolaevich Kosygin and ruled the USSR

Such a sensation is now wandering around the Internet

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The newspapers reprint it. I recently saw with my own eyes how, on a reputable TV channel, smart experts and historians compared in photographs the ears of the late Soviet Prime Minister Alexei Nikolaevich and the innocently murdered Tsarevich Alexei, the son of Nicholas II. And they came up with a verdict: the same person! At the same time, they explained why in 1942 the Commissioner of the State Defense Committee Kosygin in besieged Leningrad quickly organized the legendary “Road of Life” with the mainland along frozen Ladoga. Young Alexey sailed around Ladoga many times on the royal yacht “Standart” and knew the surroundings of the lake well. Reinforced concrete evidence!

Several serious people sent me, an old conspiracy theorist, links to the sensation. Is it really true? Dig up Kosygin's biography, journalist! By the way, one of the questioners is a Doctor of Philosophy, the other is a Doctor of Law. What can we say about scientifically uneducated citizens, especially modern youth, victims of the Unified State Exam...

Videos on YouTube about the miraculous salvation of the royal family and the transformation of the crown prince into the prime minister of the USSR are also popular.

STALIN and NICHOLAS II – BROTHERS!

The primary source of the widely circulated sensation is an article by historian Sergei Zhelenkov “The Royal Family: real life after an imaginary execution” in the newspaper “President”. “Such a newspaper, connected with you know who, will not stoop to lies!” - write commentators.

According to this historian, the execution in the Ipatiev House on the night of July 16-17, 1918 was staged. Although the Rothschilds removed Her Lawful Sovereign from governing the country and sentenced him to execution, he and his household managed to escape. How? Not far from the Ipatiev House there was a factory. In 1905, the owner dug an underground passage to it in case of capture by revolutionaries. When the house was destroyed by Yeltsin, after the decision of the Politburo, the bulldozer fell into a tunnel, which no one knew about. Thanks to Stalin and the intelligence officers of the General Staff, the Royal Family was taken out through this secret passage with the blessing of Metropolitan Macarius.

In the KGB of the USSR, on the basis of the 2nd Main Directorate, there was an entire special department that monitored all the movements of the Royal Family and their descendants, the historian claims. And shares secret security information.

Daughters Olga (under the name Natalia) and Tatyana lived in the Diveyevo monastery under the guise of nuns and sang in the choir of the Trinity Church. Later Tatyana moved to the Krasnodar Territory and got married. She was buried on September 21, 1992 in the village of Solenom, Mostovsky district. Olga went to Afghanistan through Uzbekistan with the Emir of Bukhara, Seyid Alim Khan. From there - to Finland to Vyrubova. Since 1956, she lived in Vyritsa under the name of Natalya Mikhailovna Evstigneeva, where she rested in Bose on January 16, 1976.

Maria and Anast Asia were in the Glinsk Hermitage for some time. Then Anastasia moved to the Volgograd (Stalingrad) region and got married. The husband died during the defense of Stalingrad. Buried at the station. Panfilovo 06/27/1980 Maria moved to the Nizhny Novgorod region in the village of Arefino, where she was buried on 05/27/1954.

Tsarevich Alexei, as you already know, became the Soviet Prime Minister. Stalin promoted him, more than once saved him from troubles and death, affectionately calling him “Kosyga”, sometimes “Tsarevich”. The ashes of the Tsarevich have been resting in the Kremlin wall since December 24, 1980!

Until 1927, Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna stayed at the Tsar’s dacha (Vvedensky Skete of the Seraphim Ponetaevsky Monastery, Nizhny Novgorod Region). Visited Kyiv, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sukhumi. She met with Stalin, who told Her: “Live peacefully in the city of Starobelsk, but there is no need to interfere in politics.” And until her death in 1948, the Empress lived in the city of Starobelsk, Lugansk region.

As you can see, Zhelenkov has everything recorded.

What happened to the Tsar-Father? Don't worry, he was fine too. Stalin built a dacha in Sukhumi next to the dacha of the Royal Family and came there to meet with the Emperor and his cousin Nicholas II. Yes, yes, don’t be surprised, the citizens are good. Did you think that Stalin just pulled the royal family out of the clutches of the almighty Rothschilds in the summer of 1918? Native blood! That’s why he protected Kosygin. Nephew, after all. By the way, Stalin, together with Nikolai, graduated from the General Staff Academy, was an employee of military counterintelligence, and was specially introduced by it to the Bolsheviks.

In the uniform of an officer, Nicholas II visited his brother, the “Red Emperor,” in the Kremlin. Outlived him by 5 years. He was buried in Nizhny Novgorod at the Red Etna cemetery on December 26, 1958. “The funeral service and burial of Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II was carried out by the famous Nizhny Novgorod elder and priest Gregory (Dolbunov, d. 1996). Whoever the Lord grants to go to the grave and be healed, he will do so from his own experience can be sure. The transfer of His relics is yet to take place at the federal level.”

This is how Zhelenkov concludes his article in the President newspaper.

SECRET HISTORIAN

I was shocked by what I read. I’ve been working in the central press for 30 years, but I’ve never held such a newspaper in my hands, I’ve never even heard of it. Apparently, because he was not allowed to the top. Although I saw Putin himself live, and even drank beer with Yeltsin. The newspaper, by the way, was registered “on the basis of the Presidential Administration in 1993.” However, then, in the troubled 90s, everything could be registered.

I had never heard of the historian Zhelenkov before, although I have been studying the affairs and legends of long-ago years for many years. I began to rummage through the all-knowing and all-seeing Internet. What scientific degrees, titles, books, articles does he have, where does he work, teach? Strange, no data! Only in another newspaper was his next sensational article, that the Rothschilds and Rockefellers founded the Federal Reserve System using the Romanovs’ gold, preceded by sparse information: “a historian of the royal family, who has been delving into closed and open archives for more than a quarter of a century, meets with the descendants of those people who at the end of the 19th century – at the beginning of the twentieth century we found ourselves in the thick of things.” Some highly classified specialist! In some of his sensational videos (there are more than a dozen of them on the Internet!) there is not even a last name in the announcement: “Sergei Ivanovich is a historian of the royal family.”

I’m carefully re-reading the article on the President’s website about the alleged execution in the Ipatiev House. I see numerous links. Well, I think, now I’ll click and top secret documents dug up by the mysterious Sergei Ivanovich will open, which do not fit into the official version of recent Russian history. There is no documentary evidence in the article itself (as well as in the videos on YouTube). Just words, words, words. And dates.

ORGANISMIC FANTASY

No matter how it is. Links lead to... works by the editor-in-chief of "President" Tyunyaev in the genre of cyber-punk, philosophical fantasy, futurology, mysticism. And... organisms! Haven't you heard of this one? Well, of course! A new fundamental science created by the President of the Academy of Basic Sciences Tyunyaev. Here are the titles of his fundamental works: “The Battle for the World Throne (The Gospel of Yarila)”, “Tales from the Library of Ivan the Terrible”, “Transformation”, the documentary-fiction epic “Somersault of the Moon.” One of the main characters of “Somersault” is the same Andrei Nikolaevich Kosygin. Judging by the table of contents, the novel traces his path from the Petrograd Cooperative College to the heights of Soviet power. Only here the future prime minister appears... as a sent by Cossack of the same sinister Rothschilds. They say that they, and not Stalin at all, promoted him. A couple of pages were enough for me. Broke down on an episode, as back in 1925, with the help of the West, Kosygin, unnoticed by the revolutionary masses, became a dollar millionaire by organizing the Soviet-British enterprise “Lena Goldfields” - “Golden Fields of Lena”. Then the security officers took control of Lena Goldfields. Heads rolled. However, the long arm of the Rothschilds transferred their valuable agent to the swamps of Leningrad, where many ghouls took refuge. Pure fantasy. I'm not a fan of this genre.

A thought flashed: maybe Tyunyaev and Zhelenkov are the same person? The article about the imaginary execution in the Ipatiev House is painful; other speeches by the unknown “Sergei Ivanovich” look like fantasy. I compared the photo of the editor-in-chief of “President” (who is also the president of the Academy of Basic Sciences) with the hero of the sensational videos. No, completely different faces. They just work in the same genre.

Just in case, I call a respected historian who has degrees, titles, a department at the university, his own research center, numerous books, articles: “How do you like the sensation that Kosygin is the prince saved by Stalin?” - “Complete nonsense, I don’t even want to comment.” - “Have you heard anything about your colleague Zhelenkov? There is no information about him on the Internet.”

“After reading his article about the Romanovs’ gold, I asked the editorial office for the phone number of a “colleague.” 5 minutes of conversation was enough to understand that the person was clearly inadequate. “I threw away the number,” the famous historian ended the conversation, anticipating my request for a phone number. And he asked not to use his last name.

But the people, judging by the reposts and views, believe in the wonderful fairy tale about the salvation of the Romanovs.

However, after thinking a little, I realized: Zhelenkov and the President newspaper only brought to the point of absurdity what had repeatedly appeared here and in the West.

“MEET THE KING! NICHOLAS III"

It turns out there was such an autocrat in Russia. Recently. Told me about him

retired FSO Major General Boris Ratnikov, first deputy in the 90s. Head of the Main Directorate of Security of the Russian Federation Korzhakov.

“A simple Soviet officer, captain of the third rank Nikolai Dalsky in 1993 suddenly declared himself the son of Tsarevich Alexei. The father, they say, was taken from the Ipatiev House on the eve of the execution to Suzdal (hence the surname Suz-Dalsky), and was raised in an Orthodox family. The Tsarevich grew up under someone else's name, got married, was cured of hemophilia, defended his dissertation, fought at the front as an officer and died in Saratov in 1956. In 1942, his son Nikolai, the natural grandson of Nicholas II, was born. The “grandson” immediately found fans, supporters, and patrons, including the Deputy Speaker of the State Duma. The times were troubled, the monarchical idea was gaining popularity. The Academy of Sciences allocated office space for Romanov-Dalsky and turned to Korzhakov with a request to help the “heir to the throne.” Korzhakov asked me to thoroughly understand what and how. With the head of the presidential security department, Colonel V. Ivanov, we went to an “audience with the heir.” To Pyatnitskaya street. It was (General Ratnikov opened his old diary) on July 27, 1994. Out of officer habit, I took notes on the circumstances of the meeting. Romanov-Dalsky received us in a naval uniform, with a dagger, orders, and monograms. I immediately began to draw fantastic prospects. They say he is ordained a master by the Order of Malta, has the support of the Vatican, the Pope himself, the Hasidim, the Queen of England, and influential people of the West. The same Clinton does not object to the restoration of the borders of the Russian Empire within the framework of 1717. He himself wants to save the Fatherland from a social explosion, and Yeltsin from a people’s trial for the shooting of the White House. To do this, he will declare Boris Nikolaevich the Grand Duke and create a Union of Officers loyal to the Crown and the President. It will help return to the Fatherland 500 tons of gold, 5 billion dollars, and grandfather’s jewelry stored in Western banks. Knows the location of three large treasures, including Kolchak's gold. Etc.

Clearly an inadequate person!

Just very adequate. In return, he asked Yeltsin for a good residence and Kremlin security. And money. Since he does not yet have access to the royal inheritance, he is very strapped for money.

He asked to provide specific evidence of belonging to the Romanov family. He replied that all the documents are stored in one of the Western banks, but there is no time to go there. We need to save the Fatherland. I proposed a simpler option - genetic examination. In Japan, a bloody handkerchief of Nicholas II is kept after an unsuccessful assassination attempt by a policeman. We'll take your blood and do a test. “Romanov” was embarrassed. And on the way out, the secretary of the “heir to the throne” started wailing, like, what kind of examination?! It’s the flag of the monarchy, we need to rally the people around it and save Russia! I reported to Korzhakov about the “audience” and closed the issue with the impostor.

Later, Romanov-Dalsky declared himself Emperor Nicholas III and crowned himself in Noginsk near Moscow with the participation of self-proclaimed “bishops” of the schismatic Kyiv Patriarchate. He died in 2001 from a brain tumor.

CENTENNIAL “PRINCE ANASTASIA”, HEIR TO TRILLIONS

This fantastic story was seriously promoted in the 90s by the Rossiya newspaper, close to the State Duma. Allegedly, the German Emperor Wilhelm saved the royal family by threatening Lenin to take Moscow and Petrograd. Nicholas II and Anastasia remained hostages of the Bolsheviks and lived in Abkhazia. The rest of the family left for the West. The tsar worked as an agronomist in a vineyard under the name Sergei Davydovich Berezkin, died in 1957. More precisely, he was poisoned by the British. So that the royal gold in Western banks goes to the British queen. The newspaper even published a photo of Tsar Berezkin with...Beria! Later, the Riga resident Gryannik, who started this story, took Anastasia herself from Abkhazia to Moscow. With the help of the GRU, avoiding ambushes of treacherous Georgians in the mountains. A certain old woman N.P. Bilikhodze. The International Public Charitable Christian Foundation of Grand Duchess Anastasia Romanova was created, which included her savior Gryannik and advisor to the Speaker of the State Duma Dergausov, former secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee. The Foundation appealed to Yeltsin with a request to recognize the old woman as Anastasia, but the president remained silent. In May 2002, the Rossiya newspaper published an appeal from the Foundation’s management to the new President V.V. Putin.

“...Many predictions indicate the year 2002 as the year of the beginning of the Revival of a new Russia using the funds of the Russian Empire. According to our data, a number of banks in Europe, the USA and Japan have funds belonging to the royal family and the Russian state. Among them are the Rothschild, Morgan, and Rockefeller banks, which formed the US Federal Reserve System in 1913, including with this money (according to a preliminary estimate of 50% of all Fed assets at the time of its formation). The funds are estimated at approximately 2 trillion. $US. We have worked and continue to work with these banks in order to return funds to Russia through a legitimate person - A. N. Romanov...."

What did Gryannik and Dergausov ask from Putin? Head the Foundation's Board of Trustees, issue Bilikhodze with documents addressed to A. N. Romanova, allocate a state dacha with appropriate life support and security conditions under the supervision of her proxies, meet with “Anastasia” himself, give her 10-15 minutes to speak in the State Duma. And, of course, help return trillions of dollars to Russia.

Presumably, part of the trillions would go to the guardians of “Anastasia”.

Putin did not answer, despite the dizzying prospect of getting trillions!

At that time, the real Anastasia would have turned 101 years old.

What happened to old lady Bilikhodze? According to one version, her guardians hid her in Germany from the insidious British, who did not want to return the trillions. According to another, she died back in December 2000 in the Central Clinical Hospital, where she was placed at the request of the State Duma.

WERE RELATED THROUGH PRZHEVALSKY

Apparently, it was Gryannik’s legend that the secret “historian” Sergei Ivanovich took as the basis for his “scientific research”. And creatively reworked it. The same myth about the royal gold, which became the basis of the American Federal Reserve System.

His “sensation” about the relationship between Stalin and Nicholas II was also not born out of nowhere. Even in Soviet times, there were persistent rumors that Joseph Vissarionovich was the son of the great Russian traveler Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky. Because they found similarities in the portraits of the Soviet Generalissimo in military uniform and the Tsarist Major General. They say, preparing for the next trip, the general arrived in Gori to recruit soldiers for the expedition. And Stalin’s mother was cleaning the barracks. Well, sin came out...

Zhelenkov went further. He made the son of the retired Smolensk lieutenant Przhevalsky the illegitimate offspring of ... Tsar Alexander II. Brother of Alexander III. And their sons Stalin and Nicholas II became cousins. This is how “history” is written.

BY THE WAY

228 SAVED ROMANOV CHILDREN!

The all-knowing Wikipedia has counted so many impostors around the world.

28 self-proclaimed Olgas,

33 – False Tatiana,

53- False Mary,

33-False-Anastasia,

A short, poignant life.....Tsarevich Alexei did not live several weeks before his 14th birthday

A short, poignant life.....Tsarevich Alexey

And mistakes are forgotten

And the sorrow that torments us,

At the sight of a royal smile

Your innocent, childish eyes.

On July 30 (August 12, new style), 1904, the only son of the last Russian Sovereign Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, heir to the throne of the Russian Empire, Tsarevich Alexei, was born in Peterhof.

He was the fifth and very long-awaited child of the royal couple, for whom they prayed a lot and fervently, including during celebrations dedicated to the glorification of St. Seraphim of Sarov July 17-19, 1903

The first discovery of the relics of Seraphim of Sarov, with the participation of Emperor Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, 1903

The royal family before Seraphim, painting by priest Sergius Simakov

On September 3, 1904, in the church of the Great Peterhof Palace, the sacrament of Baptism of the Tsarevich was performed with the name in honor of St. Alexy, Metropolitan of Moscow. According to a number of researchers, the heir received the name Alexey in memory of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (1645-1676). The successors of the porphyritic baby were the English and Danish kings, the German emperor, as well as the Russian Grand Dukes.

Baptism of Tsarevich Alexei, son of Nicholas II, Ilyas Faizullin

Since Russia was at war with Japan during this period, all officers and soldiers of the Russian army and navy were proclaimed honorary godparents of the heir. According to tradition, in connection with the birth of an heir, charitable organizations were established: a military hospital train named after the heir-cresarevich, the Alekseevsky Committee for providing assistance to children who lost their fathers in the Russian-Japanese War.

The educator and teacher of the royal children, Pierre Gilliard, in his memoirs recalls how he first saw the Tsarevich, who was then one and a half years old, in February 1906: “... I was already preparing to finish my lesson with Olga Nikolaevna, when the Empress entered with the Grand Duke Heir in her arms . She came to us with the obvious intention of showing me her son, whom I did not yet know. The joy of her mother shone on her face, having finally seen her most cherished dream come true. It was felt that she was proud and happy with the beauty of her child.

And in fact, the Tsarevich was at that time the most marvelous child one could dream of, with his wonderful blond curls and large gray-blue eyes, shaded by long, curled eyelashes. He had the fresh and rosy complexion of a healthy child, and when he smiled, two dimples appeared on his round cheeks. When I approached him, he looked at me seriously and shyly, and only with great difficulty did he decide to extend his small hand to me.

During this first meeting, I saw several times how the Empress hugged the Tsarevich to her with the tender gesture of a mother who always seems to tremble for the life of her child; but this caress and the look that accompanied it revealed so clearly and so strongly hidden anxiety that I was already amazed by it. It was only a long time later that I came to understand its meaning.”

Terrible disease.

On his mother's side, Alexey inherited hemophilia, the carriers of which were some of the daughters and granddaughters of Queen Victoria of England (1837-1901). The disease became evident already in the fall of 1904, when a two-month-old baby began to bleed heavily. Any scratch could lead to the death of the child; the lining of his arteries and veins was so weak that any bruise, increased movement or tension could cause rupture of blood vessels and lead to a fatal end: a fall, a nosebleed, a simple cut - everything that would be a trifle for an ordinary child could be fatal for Alexey.

Grand Duchess Anastasia and Tsarevich Alexei

From the very first years of his life, the Tsarevich required special care and constant vigilance, as a result of which, on doctors’ orders, two sailors from the imperial yacht were assigned to him as bodyguards: the boatswain Derevenko and his assistant Nagorny

Tsarevich Alexey and boatswain Derevenko

The Empress's maid of honor Anna Taneyeva wrote: “The life of Alexei Nikolaevich was one of the most tragic in the history of the Tsar’s children. He was a charming, affectionate boy, the most beautiful of all children. In early childhood, his parents and nanny Maria Vishnyakova spoiled him greatly, fulfilling his slightest whims.

And this is understandable, since it was very difficult to see the constant suffering of the little one; Whether he hit his head or his hand on the furniture, a huge blue tumor would immediately appear, indicating an internal hemorrhage that was causing him great suffering. At the age of five or six he passed into the hands of men, to uncle Derevenko. This one used to be less pampering, although he was very loyal and had great patience.

I hear Alexei Nikolaevich’s voice during his illnesses: “Raise my hand,” or: “Turn my leg,” or: “Warm my hands,” and often Derevenko calmed him down. When he began to grow up, his parents explained his illness to Alexei Nikolaevich, asking him to be careful. But the heir was very lively, loved the games and fun of boys, and it was often impossible to restrain him. “Give me a bicycle,” he asked his mother. “Alexey, you know you can’t!” - “I want to learn to play tennis like my sisters!” - “You know that you don’t dare to play.” Sometimes Alexey Nikolaevich cried, repeating: “Why am I not like all the boys?”

Alexey understood perfectly well that he might not live to reach adulthood. When he was ten years old, his older sister Olga found him lying on his back and looking at the clouds. She asked what he was doing. “I like to think, reflect,” Alexey answered. Olga asked what he liked to think about. “Oh, a lot of things,” the boy replied, “I enjoy the sun and the beauty of summer while I can. Who knows, maybe one of these days I won’t be able to do this anymore.”

Life in Tsarskoe Selo

Outwardly, Alexei resembled the Empress and Grand Duchess Tatiana: he had the same delicate facial features and large blue eyes. P. Gilliard describes him as follows: “Alexey Nikolaevich was then nine and a half years old. He was quite large for his age, had a thin, elongated oval face with delicate features, wonderful light brown hair with bronze tints, large blue-gray eyes, reminiscent of his mother's eyes.

He thoroughly enjoyed life when he could, like a playful and cheerful boy. His tastes were very modest. He was not at all proud of the fact that he was the heir to the throne; this was the last thing he thought about. His greatest happiness was playing with the two sons of the sailor Derevenko, who were both somewhat younger than him.

He had great quickness of mind and judgment and a lot of thoughtfulness. He sometimes amazed me with questions above his age, which testified to a delicate and sensitive soul. I easily understood that those who, like me, were not supposed to instill discipline in him, could easily succumb to his charm without a second thought. In the little capricious creature that he seemed at first, I discovered a child with a heart that was naturally loving and sensitive to suffering, because he himself had already suffered a lot.”

Resident of Tsarskoye Selo S.Ya. Ofrosimova shares the following impressions: “The heir Tsarevich had a very soft and kind heart. He was passionately attached not only to those close to him, but also to the ordinary employees around him. None of them saw arrogance or harsh behavior from him. He especially quickly and passionately became attached to ordinary people. His love for Uncle Derevenko was tender, hot and touching. One of his greatest pleasures was playing with his uncle's children and being among ordinary

With interest and deep attention, he peered into the lives of ordinary people, and often an exclamation escaped him: “When I am king, there will be no poor and unhappy! I want everyone to be happy."

A.A. Taneyeva recalled: “The heir took an active part if the servants experienced any grief. His Majesty was also compassionate, but did not actively express it, while Alexey Nikolaevich did not calm down until he immediately helped. I remember the case of a cook who for some reason was denied a position. Alexey Nikolaevich somehow found out about this and pestered his parents all day until they ordered the cook to be taken back again. He defended and stood up for all his people.”

At the age of seven, Alexey began to study. The classes were led by the Empress, who herself chose the teachers: the spiritual teacher of the imperial family, Archpriest Alexander Vasiliev, became the teacher of the law, and Privy Councilor P.V. became the teacher of the Russian language. Petrov, arithmetic teacher - State Councilor E.P. Tsytovich, French teacher and tutor - P. Gilliard, English was taught by C. Gibbs and Alexandra Fedorovna herself.

Confessor of the Tsar's Senya, Archpriest Alexander Vasiliev, 1912

Life in Tsarskoe Selo was of a close family nature: the retinue, with the exception of the ladies-in-waiting on duty and the commander of the consolidated guards regiment, did not live in the palace, and the Royal family, except when visiting relatives, gathered at the table without strangers and quite easily. The Tsarevich's lessons began at nine o'clock with a break between eleven and noon, during which the heir and his teacher went for a walk in a carriage, sleigh or car. Then classes resumed until lunch, after which Alexey always spent two hours outdoors. The Grand Duchesses and the Emperor, when he was free, joined him. In winter, Alexey had fun with his sisters, descending from an icy mountain built on the shore of a small artificial lake.

Just like his sisters, the Tsarevich adored animals. P. Gilliard recalls: “He loved to play with his donkey Vanka, who was harnessed to a small sleigh, or with his dog Joy, a dark brown lapdog on low legs, with long silky ears falling almost to the floor. Vanka was an incomparable, smart and funny animal. When they wanted to give Alexey Nikolaevich a donkey, they turned to all the dealers in St. Petersburg for a long time, but to no avail; then the Ciniselli circus agreed to give up the old donkey, which, due to its decrepitude, was no longer suitable for performances. And this is how Vanka appeared at the Court, apparently fully appreciating the palace stables. He amused us very much, as he knew many of the most incredible tricks. With great dexterity, he turned out his pockets in the hope of finding sweets in them. He found a special charm in old rubber balls, which he casually chewed with one eye closed, like an old Yankee.

These two animals played a big role in the life of Alexei Nikolaevich, who had very little entertainment. He suffered mainly from the lack of comrades. Fortunately, his sisters, as I said, loved to play with him; they brought fun and youth into his life, without which it would have been very difficult for him. During his daytime walks, the Emperor, who loved to walk a lot, usually walked around the park with one of his daughters, but he also happened to join us, and with his help we once built a huge snow tower, which took on the appearance of an impressive fortress and occupied us for several weeks.” .

At four o'clock in the afternoon, lessons resumed until dinner, which was served at seven o'clock for Alexei and at eight for the rest of the family. The day ended with reading aloud some book the Tsarevich loved.

All of Alexei’s relatives noted his religiosity. Letters from the Tsarevich have been preserved, in which he congratulates his relatives on the holidays, and his poem “Christ is Risen!”, sent by him to his grandmother, the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna. From the memoirs of S.Ya. Ofrosimova: “A festive service is underway... The temple is flooded with the radiance of countless candles. The Tsarevich stands on the Tsar's Elevation. He has almost grown to the level of the Emperor standing next to him. The glow of quietly burning lamps pours onto his pale, beautiful face and gives him an unearthly, almost ghostly expression. His large, long eyes look with a serious, mournful gaze that is not childish... He is motionlessly turned towards the altar, where the solemn service is being performed... I look at him, and it seems to me that somewhere I saw this pale face, these long, mournful eyes."

In 1910, Patriarch Damian of Jerusalem, knowing about the piety of the heir, gave him for Easter an icon of the “Resurrection of Christ” with particles of stones from the Holy Sepulcher and Golgotha.

According to P. Gilliard, Alexei was the center of the closely knit Royal family; all affections and hopes were focused on him. “His sisters adored him and he was the joy of his parents. When he was healthy, the whole palace seemed transformed; it was a ray of sunshine that illuminated both things and those around them. Happily gifted by nature, he would have developed quite correctly and evenly if his illness had not prevented this.”

S.Ya. Ofrosimova recalls: “His liveliness could not be tempered by his illness, and as soon as he felt better, as soon as his suffering subsided, he began to play pranks uncontrollably, he buried himself in pillows, crawled under the bed to scare the doctors with an imaginary disappearance... When the Princesses came, especially Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna, terrible fuss and pranks began. Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna was a desperate naughty girl and a faithful friend in all the Tsarevich’s pranks, but she was strong and healthy, and the Tsarevich was forbidden from these hours of childhood pranks that were dangerous for Him.”

Raising an heir to the throne

In 1912, while on vacation in Belovezhskaya Pushcha, the Tsarevich unsuccessfully jumped into a boat and severely bruised his thigh: the resulting hematoma did not resolve for a long time, the child’s health condition was very serious, and bulletins were officially published about him. There was a real threat of death. “The Empress sat at her son’s bedside from the beginning of the illness,” writes P. Gilliard, “bent over to him, caressed him, surrounded him with her love, trying with a thousand small concerns to alleviate his suffering. The Emperor also came as soon as he had a free minute.

He tried to cheer up the child, entertain him, but the pain was stronger than the mother's caresses and father's stories, and the interrupted moans were resumed. From time to time the door opened, and one of the Grand Duchesses tiptoed into the room, kissed her little brother and seemed to bring with her a stream of freshness and health. The child opened his large eyes, already deeply outlined by illness, for a minute, and immediately closed them again.

One morning I found a mother at the head of her son... The Tsarevich, lying in his crib, moaned pitifully, pressing his head against his mother’s hand, and his thin, bloodless face was unrecognizable. Occasionally he interrupted his groans to whisper only one word, “mother,” in which he expressed all his suffering, all his despair. And his mother kissed his hair, his forehead, his eyes, as if with this caress she could ease his suffering, breathe into him a little of the life that was leaving him. How to convey the torture of this mother, helplessly present at the torment of her child during long hours of mortal anxiety..."

According to the opinion of many people surrounding Tsarevich Alexei, he had a strong will, which was not just an inherited quality, but developed and strengthened due to the frequent physical suffering caused to the child by a terrible disease. The disease became a kind of teacher of the little martyr. According to Anna Taneyeva, “frequent suffering and involuntary self-sacrifice developed in the character of Alexei Nikolaevich pity and compassion for everyone who was sick, as well as amazing respect for his mother and all elders.”

However, for all his kindness and compassion, the boy did not tolerate it when he, as the heir to the throne, was treated with insufficient respect. S.Ya. Ofrosimova recounts the following episode: “The Tsarevich was not a proud child, although the thought that he was a future king filled his entire being with the consciousness of his highest destiny. When he was in the company of noble people and people close to the Emperor, he became aware of his royalty.

One day, the Tsarevich entered the office of the Tsar, who at that time was talking with the minister. When the heir entered, the Tsar’s interlocutor did not find it necessary to stand up, but only, rising from his chair, offered his hand to the Tsarevich. The heir, offended, stopped in front of him and silently put his hands behind his back; this gesture did not give him an arrogant appearance, but only a regal, expectant pose. The minister involuntarily stood up and straightened up to his full height in front of the Tsarevich. The Tsarevich responded to this with a polite handshake. Having told the Emperor something about his walk, he slowly left the office. The Emperor looked after him for a long time and finally said with sadness and pride: “Yes, it will not be as easy for you to cope with him as with me.”

According to the memoirs of Yulia Den, maid of honor and friend of the Empress, while still a very small boy, Alexei already realized that he was the heir: “Once, when he was playing with the Grand Duchesses, he was informed that officers of his sponsored regiment had come to the palace and asked permission to see Tsesarevich. The six-year-old child, immediately leaving the fuss with his sisters, said with an important look: “Girls, go away, the heir will have a reception.”

Claudia Mikhailovna Bitner, who gave lessons to the heir in Tobolsk, recalled the Tsarevich this way: “I loved Alexei Nikolaevich most of all. He was a sweet, good boy. He was smart, observant, receptive, very affectionate, cheerful and cheerful, despite his often severe painful condition...

He was used to being disciplined, but did not like the former court etiquette. He could not stand lies and would not have tolerated them around him if he had ever taken power. He combined the features of his father and mother. From his father he inherited his simplicity. There was no complacency, arrogance or arrogance in him at all. He was simple.

But he had a great will and would never submit to outside influence. Now, the Emperor, if he took power again, I’m sure he would forget and forgive the actions of those soldiers who were known in this regard. Alexey Nikolaevich, if he received power, would never forget or forgive them for this and would draw the appropriate conclusions.

At the same time, he was thrifty. One day he was sick, he was served a dish that was shared with the whole family, which he did not eat because he did not like this dish. I was indignant. How can they not prepare a separate meal for a child when he is sick? I said something. He answered me: “Well, here’s another one!” There’s no need to waste money just because of me.”

Favorite Bet. Introduction to military life

According to tradition, grand dukes became chiefs or officers of guard regiments on their birthday. Alexey became the chief of the 12th East Siberian Rifle Regiment, and later other military units and the ataman of all Cossack troops. The sovereign introduced him to Russian military history, the structure of the army and the peculiarities of its life, organized a detachment of the sons of lower ranks under the leadership of the “uncle” Tsarevich Derevenko and managed to instill in the heir a love of military affairs.

Alexey was often present at the reception of deputations and at parades of troops, and during the First World War he visited the active army with his father, awarded distinguished soldiers, and was himself awarded the silver St. George medal of the 4th degree.

On July 20, 1914, the President of the French Republic R. Poincaré presented the heir with the ribbon of the Order of the Legion of Honor. In Petrograd, in the Winter Palace, there were two institutions named after Alexei - a hospital and the Committee of One-Time Benefits for Sick and Wounded Soldiers, and many military hospitals also bore his name.

The Tsarevich spent almost the entire 1916 with his father at the headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief in Mogilev. According to A.A. Mordvinov, the aide-de-camp of Nicholas II, the heir “promised to be not only a good, but also an outstanding monarch.” P. Gilliard recalls: “After the review, the Emperor approached the soldiers and entered into a simple conversation with some of them, asking them about the fierce battles in which they had participated.

Alexey Nikolaevich followed his father step by step, listening with passionate interest to the stories of these people who had seen the proximity of death so many times. His usually expressive and moving face was full of tension from the effort he made not to miss a single word of what they were saying.

The presence of the heir next to the Sovereign aroused the interest of the soldiers, and when he walked away, they could be heard exchanging impressions in a whisper about his age, height, facial expression, etc. But what struck them most was that the Tsarevich was in a simple soldier’s uniform, no different from the one worn by the team of soldiers’ children.”

The English General Hanbury-Williams, with whom the Tsarevich became friends at Headquarters, published after the revolution his memoirs “Emperor Nicholas II as I Knew Him.” About his acquaintance with Alexei, he writes: “When I first saw Alexei Nikolaevich in 1915, he was about eleven years old. Having heard stories about him, I expected to see a very weak and not very bright boy. He was indeed of a frail build, as he was stricken with illness. However, during those periods when the heir was healthy, he was cheerful and mischievous, like any boy of his age...

Tsarevich Alexei in Mogilev

The Tsarevich wore a protective uniform and high Russian boots, proud of the fact that he looked like a real soldier. He had excellent manners and spoke several languages fluently. Over time, his shyness disappeared, and he began to treat us like old friends.

Every time, greeting, the Tsarevich came up with some joke for each of us. When he approached me, he used to check that all the buttons on my jacket were fastened. Naturally, I tried to leave one or two buttons undone. In this case, the Tsarevich stopped and noticed to me that I was “sloppy again.” Sighing heavily at the sight of such sloppiness on my part, he buttoned up my buttons to restore order.”

After visiting Headquarters, the Tsarevich’s favorite food became “cabbage soup and porridge and black bread, which all my soldiers eat,” as he always said. Every day they brought him sampler of cabbage soup and porridge from the soldiers’ kitchen of the Consolidated Regiment. According to the recollections of those around him, the Tsarevich ate everything and still licked the spoon, beaming with pleasure and saying: “This is delicious - not like our lunch.” Sometimes, without touching anything at the table, he would quietly make his way to the royal kitchen buildings, ask the cooks for a hunk of black bread and secretly share it with his dog.

From Headquarters, the Tsarevich brought an ugly, sand-colored kitten with white spots, which he named Zubrovka and, as a sign of special affection, put a collar with a bell on it. Julia Den writes about the Tsarevich’s new favorite: “Zubrovka was not a particular admirer of palaces. Every now and then he fought with Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna’s bulldog, whose name was Artipo, and knocked over all the family photographs in Her Majesty’s boudoir to the floor. But Zubrovka enjoyed the privileges of his position. What happened to him when the Imperial Family was sent to Tobolsk is unknown.”

The newspaper “Kronstadt Bulletin” dated November 7, 1915 published an article entitled “Our Hope”, dedicated to the heir’s stay at Headquarters. It described the days of Alexei: “...After mass, the Emperor, along with the heir and retinue, went home on foot. The smile, look, gait of the young heir, his habit of waving his left hand - all this was reminiscent of the manners of the Emperor, from whom the child adopted them. Despite wartime and frequent trips with his sovereign parent to the fronts, the Tsarevich continued to study...

Tsarevich Alexei with his teachers on the train

There is a friendly atmosphere in the classroom where classes with mentors take place. Teachers forgive the child for his habit of leaving his dog, Joy, and cat for lessons. “Kitty” - that’s his name - is present at all his master’s lessons. After class, play burners with friends. He doesn't choose them based on their origin. As a rule, these are the children of commoners. Having learned that their parents need something, the heir often says to the tutor: “I’ll ask dad to help them.” The father and heir go to and from the temple together. In religion, a child finds clarity of views and simplicity in relationships with all people.”

The Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II himself did a lot to instill in his son attention and compassion for people. P. Gilliard describes the following incident: “On the way back, having learned from General Ivanov that there was a forward dressing station nearby, the Emperor decided to go straight there. We drove into a dense forest and soon noticed a small building, dimly lit by the red light of torches. The Emperor, accompanied by Alexei Nikolaevich, entered the house, approached all the wounded and talked to them with great kindness. His sudden visit at such a late hour and so close to the front line caused amazement to be expressed on all faces.

With P. Gilliard at Headquarters. 1916

One of the soldiers, who had just been put back to bed after bandaging, looked intently at the Tsar, and when the latter bent over him, he raised his only good hand to touch his clothes and make sure that it was really the Tsar in front of him, and not vision. Alexey Nikolaevich stood slightly behind his father. He was deeply shocked by the groans he heard and the suffering he sensed around him.”

On March 2 (15th Art.), 1917, news was received of the abdication of Nicholas II from the throne for himself and for his son in favor of Mikhail Alexandrovich, the Sovereign’s younger brother. P. Gilliard recalls: “... It was noticeable how she [the Empress] suffered at the thought of how she would have to worry the sick Grand Duchesses by announcing to them the abdication of their father, especially since this excitement could worsen their health.

The last lessons of the Sovereign Father

From March 8, 1917, the Royal Family was under arrest in Tsarskoye Selo, and on August 1 they were sent into exile to Tobolsk, where they were imprisoned in the governor’s house. Here the Emperor managed to fulfill his dream of raising his son himself. He gave lessons to the Tsarevich in a gloomy house in Tobolsk. The lessons continued in the poverty and squalor of the Yekaterinburg confinement, where the imperial family was transported in the spring of 1918.

Life of the Royal Family in the house of engineer N.K. Ipatieva was subject to a strict prison regime: isolation from the outside world, meager food rations, an hour-long walk, searches, hostility from the guards. While still in Tobolsk, Alexey fell down the stairs and received severe bruises, after which he could not walk for a long time, and in Yekaterinburg his illness worsened greatly.

The Emperor and Empress with their children Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia and Tsarevich Alexei

Empress Alexandra Feodorovna with Tsarevich Alexei

Tsarevich Alexey

The only son of Emperor Nicholas II, given by God in response to a long, diligent parental prayer, probably, without exaggeration, can be called the most attractive and most mysterious child figure in Russian history. “During the baptism of the baby, a remarkable incident occurred that attracted the attention of all those present,” wrote Abbot Seraphim (Kuznetsov). “When the newborn Tsarevich was anointed with holy myrrh, he raised his hand and extended his fingers, as if blessing those present.” What could this boy have become if he had lived to adulthood? One can only assume that a great tsar was begged for Russia. But history does not know the “if” phrase. And although we understand that the figure of the young Tsarevich Alexei is too bright and unusual, we still turn to his bright image, wanting to find an example for teaching and imitation in the relationship of this boy with the outside world.

Baptism of Tsarevich Alexei

“Attitude towards women is the best way to test a man’s nobility. He must treat every woman with respect, regardless of whether she is rich or poor, high or low in social position, and show her every sign of respect,” Empress Alexandra wrote in her diary Feodorovna She could write such words with confidence: an example of male nobility, a chivalrous attitude towards a woman was always before her eyes - her husband, Emperor Nicholas P.

It is very important that from childhood the little Tsarevich Alexei could see respectful attitude towards women from a man whose authority was undeniable for him. The Emperor did not ignore even the little things, thanks to which it was possible to teach his son a lesson.

Tsarevich Alexey Nikolaevich

Claudia Mikhailovna Bitner, who gave lessons to the heir in Tobolsk, recalled him: he combined the features of his father and mother. From his father he inherited his simplicity. There was no complacency, arrogance or arrogance in him at all. He was simple. But he had a great will and would never submit to outside influence. Now, the sovereign, if he took power again, I am sure, he would forget and forgive the actions of those soldiers who were known in this regard. Alexey Nikolaevich, if he received power, would never forget or forgive them for this and would draw the appropriate conclusions. He understood a lot and understood people. But he was closed and reserved. He was terribly patient, very careful, disciplined and demanding of himself and others. He was kind, like his father, in the sense that he did not have the ability in his heart to cause unnecessary harm. At the same time, he was thrifty. One day he was sick, he was served a dish that was shared with the whole family, which he did not eat because he did not like this dish. I was indignant. How can they not prepare a separate meal for a child when he is sick? I said something. He answered me: “Well, here’s another thing. You don’t have to spend money just because of me.”

Tsarevich Alexey and A.E. Derevenko.

Tsarevich Alexey Nikolaevich

Anna Taneyeva: “The life of Alexei Nikolaevich was one of the most tragic in the history of the royal children. He was a charming, affectionate boy, the most beautiful of all children. His parents and his nanny Maria Vishnyakova spoiled him a lot in his early childhood. And this is understandable, since it was very difficult to see the constant suffering of the little one; Whether he hit his head or his hand on the furniture, a huge blue tumor would immediately appear, indicating an internal hemorrhage that was causing him great suffering. As he began to grow up, his parents explained his illness to him, asking him to be careful. But the heir was very lively, loved the games and fun of boys, and it was often impossible to restrain him. “Give me a bicycle,” he asked his mother. “Alexey, you know you can’t!” - “I want to learn to play tennis like my sisters!” “You know you don’t dare play.” Sometimes Alexey Nikolaevich cried, repeating: “Why am I not like all the boys? "

Tsarevich Alexey Nikolaevich

He needed to be surrounded with special care and concern. That is why, on doctors’ orders, two sailors from the imperial yacht were assigned to him as bodyguards: the boatswain Derevenko and his assistant Nagorny. His teacher and mentor Pierre Gilliard recalls: “Alexey Nikolaevich had great agility of mind and judgment and a lot of thoughtfulness. He sometimes amazed me with questions above his age, which testified to a delicate and sensitive soul. In the little capricious creature that he seemed at first, I discovered a child with a heart that was naturally loving and sensitive to suffering, because he himself had already suffered a lot.”

Tsarevich Alexey Nikolaevich

The upbringing of any boy as the future head of the family should consist of instilling responsibility, independence, and the ability to make a decision in the right situation, without looking at anyone. At the same time, it is necessary to cultivate compassion and sensitivity and an important property - the ability to listen to the opinions of Other people. The boy needs to be prepared for the role of husband, father and master of the house. For Tsarevich Alexei, all of Russia was such a home.

“The queen inspired her son that everyone is equal before God and that one should not be proud of one’s position, but one must be able to behave nobly without humiliating one’s position” (Hegumen Seraphim (Kuznetsov). “Orthodox Tsar-Martyr”). If the mother had not made efforts to do this, then the position of the heir’s educator, which was already difficult, would have become even more difficult.

Tsarevich Alexey Nikolaevich

“I understood more clearly than ever how much environmental conditions were hindering the success of my efforts. I had to contend with the servility of the servants and the absurd admiration of some of those around me. And I was even very surprised to see how the natural simplicity of Alexei Nikolaevich resisted these immoderate praises.

I remember how a deputation of peasants from one of the central provinces of Russia once came to bring gifts to the heir to the crown prince. The three men of whom it consisted, by order given in a whisper by the boatswain Derevenko, knelt before Alexei Nikolaevich to present him with their offerings. I noticed the embarrassment of the child, who blushed crimson. As soon as we were alone, I asked him if he was pleased to see these people kneeling in front of him. “Oh no! But Derevenko says that’s how it’s supposed to be!”

I then spoke with the boatswain, and the child was delighted that he was freed from what was a real nuisance for him.”

Tsarevich Alexey Nikolaevich

I. Stepanov recalls: “In the last days of January 1917, I was in the Tsar’s Alexander Palace with the tutor of the heir Gilliard, and we went with him to the Tsarevich. Alexey Nikolaevich and some cadet were animatedly playing a game near a large toy fortress. They positioned soldiers, fired cannons, and their whole lively conversation was full of modern military terms: machine gun, airplane, heavy artillery, trenches, etc. However, the game soon ended, and the heir and the cadet began to look at some books. Then Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna entered... All this furnishing of the heir’s two children’s rooms was simple and did not give any idea that the future Russian Tsar was living here and receiving his initial upbringing and education. There were maps hanging on the walls, there were cabinets with books, there were several tables and chairs, but all this was simple, modest to the point of extremes.

Alexey Nikolaevich, speaking to me, recalled our conversation with him when he was on the train with the sovereign in the fall of 1915 in the south of Russia: “Remember, you told me that in Novorossiya Catherine the Great, Potemkin and Suvorov tied Russian influence and Turkish "The sultan forever lost its importance in the Crimea and the southern steppes. I liked this expression, and then I told my dad about it. I always tell him that I like it."

Tsarevich Alexey Nikolaevich

It was especially clearly demonstrated that the boy cared a lot about Russia, but little about himself, in the episode told by Gilliard. However, the little prince’s modesty did not at all interfere with his awareness of himself as the heir to the throne. The episode that S. Ya. Ofrosimova told about is quite well known: “The Tsarevich was not a proud child, although the thought that he was a future king filled his entire being with the consciousness of his highest destiny. When he was in the company of noble people and people close to the sovereign, he became aware of his royalty.

One day the Tsarevich entered the office of the sovereign, who at that time was talking with the minister. When the heir entered, the sovereign’s interlocutor did not find it necessary to stand up, but only, rising from his chair, offered his hand to the crown prince. The heir, offended, stopped in front of him and silently put his hands behind his back; this gesture did not give him an arrogant appearance, but only a regal, expectant pose. The minister involuntarily stood up and straightened up to his full height in front of the crown prince. The Tsarevich responded to this with a polite handshake. Having told the sovereign something about his walk, he slowly left the office, the sovereign looked after him for a long time and finally said with sadness and pride: “Yes. It will not be as easy for you to cope with him as with me.”

Tsarevich Alexey Nikolaevich

According to the memoirs of Yulia Den, Alexei, while still a very small boy, already realized that he was the heir: “Her Majesty insisted that the Tsarevich, like his sisters, be raised completely naturally. In the heir's daily life, everything happened casually, without any ceremony, he was the son of his parents and the brother of his sisters, although sometimes it was funny to watch him pretend to be an adult. One day, when he was playing with the Grand Duchesses, he was informed that officers from his sponsored regiment had come to the palace and asked permission to see the Tsarevich. The six-year-old child, immediately leaving the fuss with his sisters, said with an important look: “Girls, go away, the heir will have a reception.”

Tsarevich Alexey Nikolaevich

Klavdia Mikhailovna Bitner said: “I don’t know if he thought about power. I had a conversation with him about this. I told him: “What if you reign?” He answered me: “No, it’s over forever.” I told him: “Well, what if it happens again, if you reign?” He answered me: “Then we need to arrange it so that I know more about what is going on around me.” I once asked him what he would do with me then. He said that he would build a large hospital, appoint me to manage it, but he would come himself and “interrogate” everything, whether everything was in order. I’m sure that with him there would be order.”

Tsarevich Alexey Nikolaevich

Yes, one can assume that under Emperor Alexei Nikolaevich there would be order. This tsar could have been very popular among the people, since will, discipline and awareness of his own high position were combined in the nature of the son of Nicholas II with kindness and love for people.

A. A. Taneyeva: “The heir took an ardent part if the servants experienced any grief. His Majesty was also compassionate, but did not actively express it, while Alexey Nikolaevich did not calm down until he immediately helped. I remember the case of a cook who for some reason was denied a position. Alexey Nikolaevich somehow found out about this and pestered his parents all day until they ordered the cook to be taken back again. He defended and stood up for all his people.”

Tsarevich Alexey Nikolaevich

Emperor Nicholas II, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and Tsarevich Alexei

Y. Ofrosimova: “The heir, the Tsarevich, had a very soft and kind heart. He was passionately attached not only to those close to him, but also to the ordinary employees around him. None of them saw arrogance or harsh behavior from him. He especially quickly and passionately became attached to ordinary people. His love for Uncle Derevenko was tender, hot and touching. One of his greatest pleasures was playing with his uncle's children and being among ordinary soldiers. With interest and deep attention, he peered into the lives of ordinary people, and often an exclamation escaped him: “When I am king, there will be no poor and unhappy people, I want everyone to be happy.”

The Tsarevich’s favorite food was “cabbage soup and porridge and black bread, which all my soldiers eat,” as he always said. Every day they brought him sampler and porridge from the soldiers’ kitchen of the Consolidated Regiment; The Tsarevich ate everything and still licked the spoon. Beaming with pleasure, he said: “This is delicious - not like our lunch.” Sometimes, eating almost nothing at the royal table, he quietly made his way with his dog to the buildings of the royal kitchen and, knocking on the glass windows, asked the cooks for a hunk of black bread and secretly shared it with his curly-haired favorite.”

Genetic studies showed that Tsarevich Alexei suffered not just from hemophilia, but from a rare type of it.

The well-known diagnosis of the disease of the heir Alexei is hemophilia, i.e. blood incoagulability, it turns out, was based solely on external symptoms, namely increased bleeding, frequent hematomas and the general poor health of the unfortunate boy. No laboratory studies were carried out during the life of the heir, and could not be carried out, since biochemistry was then in its infancy. And only now, two years after the discovery of the remains and a year after they were proven to belong to Alexei Romanov, a group of Russian-American researchers conducted a DNA analysis of the Tsarevich.

The work was carried out, as infox.ru reports, by employees of the University of Massachusetts Medical School and the head of the laboratory of molecular genetics of the brain of the Scientific Center for Mental Health of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Doctor of Biological Sciences Evgeniy Rogaev. It is known that in 80% of cases, hemophilia occurs due to a mutation in the F8 gene on the sex X chromosome, but this time no such changes were found. But in the neighboring F9 gene the corresponding mutation occurred, and this was proven for the remains of Alexei, his sister Anastasia, and mother Alisa-Alexandra. This type of mutation leads to the appearance of a rather rare hemophilia type B. It has also been established that the Romanovs do not have the gene for the even rarer hemophilia C, which affects exclusively European Ashkenazi Jews. This means that there were no Jews in the royal family.

As previously suspected, all these data confirm the version that the F9 gene mutation occurred in the British Queen Victoria, and in subsequent generations, men suffer from hemophilia, and women are only carriers of this recessive disease. In the case of the Romanovs, this bearer was the wife of the last emperor - Alice of Hesse-Darmstadt, granddaughter of Queen Victoria. Having devoted her entire life to her terminally ill son, Alexandra Feodorovna brought the “healer” Rasputin closer to the throne and government of the state, thereby finally discrediting the idea of monarchy in Russia and indirectly contributing to the collapse of the empire. Thus, the example of Queen Victoria confirmed the well-known opinion that “the Englishwoman shits.”

Gun salutes echoed throughout Russia, from Kronstadt on the Baltic, from St. Petersburg and from Peterhof - a child was born in the royal residence. Four times over the last decade shots from these guns were heard - at intervals of two years, Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna gave birth to four daughters. And finally, on August 12, 1904, 300 gun salute shots announced to Russia that the newborn was a boy.

In the summer of 1903, Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna attended the Sarov celebrations, but they behaved like simple pilgrims, fervently praying to St. Seraphim about giving them a son. Their prayer merged with the fiery prayer of the people. Exactly a year later, on August 12, 1904, Tsarevich Alexei was born and became the favorite of the whole family. The child was born strong, healthy, “with thick golden hair and big blue eyes.”

However, the joy was soon darkened by the news that the Tsarevich had an incurable disease - hemophilia, which constantly threatened his life. Even when it was possible to control the external bleeding and protect the boy from the slightest scratches, which could be fatal, nothing could be done about the internal hemorrhages - they caused excruciating pain in the bones and joints.

This required enormous amounts of mental and physical strength, boundless faith and humility from the family. During an exacerbation of the disease in 1912, doctors pronounced the boy a hopeless verdict, but the Emperor humbly answered questions about the Tsarevich’s health: “We trust in God.”

The heir was an unusually beautiful and intelligent child with an open soul; traces of physical suffering were visible on his thin face. The Empress taught her son to pray: at exactly 9 o'clock in the evening he went up to his room with his Mother, read prayers loudly and went to bed, overshadowed by her banner of the cross.

Those who knew the Royal Family closely noted the nobility of the Tsarevich’s character, his kindness and responsiveness. “There is not a single vicious trait in the soul of this child,” said one of his teachers.

Attitude towards women is the best way to test a man's nobility. He must treat every woman with respect, regardless of whether she is rich or poor, high or low in social position, and show her every sign of respect,” Empress Alexandra Feodorovna wrote in her diary. She could write such words with confidence: an example of male nobility, a chivalrous attitude towards a woman was always before her eyes - her husband, Emperor Nicholas.

He understood a lot and understood people. But he was closed and reserved. He was terribly patient, very careful, disciplined and demanding of himself and others. He was kind, like his father, in the sense that he did not have the ability in his heart to cause unnecessary harm. At the same time, he was thrifty. One day he was sick, he was served a dish that was shared with the whole family, which he did not eat because he did not like this dish. I was indignant. How can they not prepare a separate meal for a child when he is sick? I said something. He answered me: “Well, here’s another thing. You don’t have to spend money just because of me.”

“Alexei Nikolaevich had great agility of mind and judgment and a lot of thoughtfulness. He sometimes amazed me with questions above his age, which testified to a delicate and sensitive soul. In the little capricious creature that he seemed at first, I discovered a child with a heart that was naturally loving and sensitive to suffering, because he himself had already suffered a lot.”

“The queen inspired her son that everyone is equal before God and that one should not be proud of one’s position, but one must be able to behave nobly without humiliating one’s position” (Hegumen Seraphim (Kuznetsov). “Orthodox Tsar-Martyr”). If the mother had not made efforts to do this, then the position of the heir’s teacher, which was already difficult, would have become even more difficult.

I then spoke with the boatswain, and the child was delighted that he was freed from what was a real nuisance for him.”

“Alexey was a very affectionate boy. Nature endowed him with a penetrating mind. He was sensitive to the suffering of others because he suffered so much himself. But the constant supervision irritated and humiliated him. Fearing that the boy would begin to be cunning and deceive in order to evade the constant supervision of his guardian, I asked Alexey for more freedom to develop internal discipline and self-control in the boy.”

The Empress's maid of honor A. A. Vyrubova noted that “frequent suffering and involuntary self-sacrifice developed in the character of Alexei Nikolaevich pity for everyone who was sick, as well as amazing respect for the Mother and all elders.” The heir had deep affection and reverence for his sovereign Father and considered the days spent under Nicholas II at headquarters in Mogilev to be the happiest times.

He was alien to arrogance and pride, he easily played with the children of his sailor uncle, while Alexei learned early that he was the future Tsar and, being in the company of noble people and people close to the Tsar, he became aware of his royalty.

One day, when he was playing with the Grand Duchesses, he was informed that officers from his sponsored regiment had come to the palace and asked permission to see the Tsarevich. The six-year-old Heir, leaving the fuss with his sisters, said with a serious look: “Girls, go away, the Heir will have a reception.”

It happened that even during days of illness, the Heir had to attend official ceremonies, and then at a brilliant parade, among strong and healthy people, the Tsarevich was carried past the rows of troops in the arms of the tallest and most powerful Cossack.

Teacher Pierre Gilliard described the behavior of the 13-year-old Heir at the news of the fall of the monarchy: “But who will be the Emperor? - “I don’t know, now - no one”... Not a single word about myself, not a single hint of my rights as an Heir. He blushed deeply and was worried. After several minutes of silence, he says: “If there is no longer an Emperor, who will rule Russia?” Once again I am amazed at the modesty and generosity of this child.”

In the summer of 1911, Pierre Gilliard became Alexei's French teacher and tutor. This is how Gilliard spoke about his pupil: “Alexey Nikolaevich was then nine and a half years old, for his age he was quite tall. He had a long face with regular, soft features, brown hair with a reddish tint and large gray-blue eyes, like his mother's. He genuinely enjoyed life - when it allowed him to - and was cheerful and playful... He was very resourceful, and he had a shrewd, sharp mind. Sometimes I was simply amazed by his serious questions beyond his age - they testified to his subtle intuition. It was not difficult for me to understand that everyone around him, those who did not need to force him to change habits and teach him discipline, constantly experienced his charm and were simply fascinated by him... I discovered a child with a naturally good character, sympathetic to the suffering of others precisely because he himself experienced terrible suffering ... "

We think that these sufferings of his were, in essence, suffering for Russia. The boy wanted to be strong and courageous in order to become a real king in his beloved country. According to the memoirs of S. Ofrosimova, “often an exclamation escaped him: “When I am king, there will be no poor and unhappy people, I want everyone to be happy.”.

Ready to play pranks even during church services, he was very religious. In the spring of 1915, the Empress writes to Nicholas during Alexei’s illness that he is most concerned about whether he will be able to be at the service on Maundy Thursday. Everyone who witnessed the difficult moments (and sometimes difficult hours) of the illness noted the great patience of the prince.

According to the memoirs of Yulia Den, Alexey, while still a very small boy, already realized that he was the heir:

“Her Majesty insisted that the Tsarevich, like his sisters, be raised completely naturally. In the heir's daily life, everything happened casually, without any ceremony, he was the son of his parents and the brother of his sisters, although sometimes it was funny to watch him pretend to be an adult. One day, when he was playing with the Grand Duchesses, he was informed that officers from his sponsored regiment had come to the palace and asked permission to see the Tsarevich. The six-year-old child, immediately leaving the fuss with his sisters, said with an important look: “Girls, go away, the heir will have a reception.”

On July 28, 1914, Austria declared war on Serbia and, despite the fact that Kaiser Wilhelm and the Emperor of Russia exchanged telegrams, on the evening of August 1, Germany declared war on Russia. Alexey realized that war was a horror, but his own life became much more interesting: the sailor suits were replaced by a soldier’s uniform, and he was given a model of a rifle.

At the end of October, the Tsar, Alexei and his retinue left for Headquarters in Mogilev. Alexandra Feodorovna, like Nicholas II, believed that if the soldiers could see the Heir in person, this would raise their morale. The Emperor hoped that such a trip would broaden the Tsarevich’s horizons, and in the future he would understand what this war cost Russia. At the review of the troops in Rezhitsa, Gilliard observed Alexei, who did not leave his father and listened carefully to the stories of the soldiers... “The presence of the Heir next to the Tsar greatly excited the soldiers... But the greatest impression on them was that the Tsarevich was dressed in the uniform of a private - this made him equal to any young man who was in military service,” writes Gilliard in his diary.

S. Ya. Ofrosimova: “The heir, the crown prince, had a very soft and kind heart. He was passionately attached not only to those close to him, but also to the ordinary employees around him. None of them saw arrogance or harsh behavior from him. He especially quickly and passionately became attached to ordinary people. His love for Uncle Derevenko was tender, hot and touching. One of his greatest pleasures was playing with his uncle's children and being among ordinary soldiers. With interest and deep attention, he peered into the lives of ordinary people, and often an exclamation escaped him: “When I am king, there will be no poor and unhappy people, I want everyone to be happy.”

P. Gilliard: “We set out immediately after breakfast, often stopping at the exit of oncoming villages to watch how the peasants worked. Alexey Nikolaevich loved to question them; they answered him with the good nature and simplicity characteristic of a Russian peasant, completely unaware of who they were talking to.”

Emperor Nicholas himself did an enormous amount to instill in his son attention and compassion for people. Gilliard recalled the time when the Tsarevich was with the sovereign at Headquarters: “On the way back, having learned from General Ivanov that there was an advanced dressing station nearby, the sovereign decided to go straight there.

We drove into a dense forest and soon noticed a small building, dimly lit by the red light of torches. The Emperor, accompanied by Alexei Nikolaevich, entered the house, approached all the wounded and talked to them with great kindness. His sudden visit at such a late hour and so close to the front line caused amazement to be expressed on all faces. One of the soldiers, who had just been put back to bed after bandaging, looked intently at the sovereign, and when the latter bent over him, he raised his only good hand to touch his clothes and make sure that before him was really a king, and not vision. Alexey Nikolaevich stood slightly behind his father. He was deeply shocked by the groans he heard and the suffering he sensed around him.”

The heir adored his father, and the sovereign in his “happy days” dreamed of raising his son himself. But for a number of reasons this was impossible, and Mr. Gibbs and Monsieur Gilliard became Alexei Nikolaevich’s first mentors. Subsequently, when circumstances changed, the sovereign managed to fulfill his desire.

He gave lessons to the crown prince in a gloomy house in Tobolsk. The lessons continued in the poverty and squalor of Yekaterinburg captivity. But perhaps the most important lesson that the heir and the rest of the family learned was the lesson of faith. It was faith in God that supported them and gave them strength at a time when they were deprived of their treasures, when their friends abandoned them, when they found themselves betrayed by that very country, more important than which nothing in the world existed for them.

Tsarevich Alexei was not destined to become Tsar and glorify the greatness of the Russian State, which he loved so dearly. However, throughout his short and unusually bright and sorrowful life until his last breath, he was able to glorify the greatness and beauty of the Christian soul, which from a young age ascended to God along the way of the cross, and, having accepted the crown of martyrdom, now prays for us at the Throne of God in the host of new martyrs of the Orthodox Churches.

Holy Martyr Tsarevich Alexei, pray to God for us!