Test control in neurology. Neurology Proficiency Test Morning headaches, often with vomiting
GENERAL NEUROLOGY TESTS__Propulsion system
1. Muscle tone in peripheral motor neuron lesions:
1.Decreasing
2.Increases
3.Does not change
Answer: 1
2. Muscle tone with damage to the central motor neuron:
1.Decreasing
2.Increases
3.Does not change
Answer: 2
3. Pathological pyramidal symptoms on the upper limb - reflexes:
1.Babinsky
2.Oppenheim
3.Rossolimo
4. Schaeffer
Answer: 3
4. Muscle wasting is characteristic of the lesion:
1.Central motor neuron
2.Peripheral motor neuron
3. Cerebellum
Answer: 2
5. Pathological reflexes are characteristic of the lesion:
1.Peripheral motor neuron
2.Central motor neuron
3. Cerebellum
Answer: 2
6. Deep reflexes with damage to the central motor neuron:
1.Increasing
2.Do not change
3.Decreasing
Answer: 1
7. Deep reflexes with damage to a peripheral motor neuron:
1.Increasing
2.Decreasing
3.Do not change
Answer: 2
8. In case of damage to the peripheral motor neuron of the muscle trophism:
1.Reduced
2.Increased
3.Not changed
Answer: 1
9. With damage to the central motor neuron, pathological synkinesis:
1.Can be observed
2.Always observed
3.Not observed
Answer: 1
10. Sign of damage to the internal capsule:
1.Hemiparesis
2. Paraparesis
3.Monoplegia
Answer: 1
11. Signs of damage to the central motor neuron:
1.Fibrillation
2.Hyporeflexia
3. Muscle atony
4.Pathological reflexes
5.Protective reflexes
6.Synkinesis
7. Clonus
8.Lack of skin reflexes
9.Lack of tendon reflexes
Answer: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
12. Signs of peripheral motor neuron damage:
1.Spastic tone
2. Muscle hypotension
3.Decreased tendon reflexes
4. Muscle wasting
5. Reaction of muscle degeneration during the study of electrical excitability
Answer: 2, 3, 4, 5
13. Signs of peripheral nerve damage:
1. Muscle wasting
2.Pathological reflexes
3.Defensive reflexes
4. Areflexia
Answer: 1, 4
14. Signs of damage to the pyramidal tract:
1.Hemiparesis
2.Increasing muscle tone in paretic muscles
3.Increased tendon reflexes
4.Decreased muscle tone
5.Decreased skin reflexes
6.Defensive reflexes
Answer: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6
15. Signs of damage to the anterior horns of the spinal cord:
1. Muscle hypotension
2.Fibrillary twitching
3.Lack of tendon reflexes
4. Muscle wasting
5.Pathological reflexes
Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4
Match:
16. Localization of the lesion: Symptoms:
1. Bilateral damage to the pyramidal A. Spastic tone
pathways in the thoracic spine B. Clonus of the feet
brain (Th5-Th7). B. Muscle hypotonia
2. Peripheral nerves of the lower G. Absence of knee and
limb Achilles reflexes
D. Paresis of the lower extremities
E. Paresis of the upper limbs
Answer: 1 - A, B, D. 2 - B, D, D.
17. Localization of the lesion: Symptoms:
1. Internal capsule A. Hemiplegia
2.C4-C8 segments of the spinal cord B. Wernicke-Mann position
B. Peripheral paresis of the arm
G. Fibrillary twitching
Answer: 1 - A, B
2 - V, G
18. Localization of the lesion: Symptoms:
1. Bilateral damage to the pyramidal tracts A. Tetraparesis
in the upper cervical spinal cord B. Spastic tone
B. Pathological reflexes
2. Brachial plexus G. Hypotrophy
D. Peripheral paresis of the arm
E. Lack of deep reflexes Answer: 1 - A, B, C. 2 - G, D, E.
19. Localization of the lesion: Symptoms:
1. Internal capsule A. Muscle hypotonia
2. Anterior root of the spinal cord B. Increase in deep
reflexes
B. Pathological reflexes
D. Sensitivity disorder of the radicular type
Answer: 1 - B, C. 2 - A.
20. Localization of the lesion: Symptoms:
1. Pyramidal tracts in the cervical spine A. Tetraparesis
spinal cord B. Increased muscle tone
2. Anterior root of S1 segment B. Paresis of foot extensors
D. Absence of the Achilles reflex
D. Hyperreflexia
E. Lack of knee reflex
Answer: 1 - A, B, D. 2 - V, G
Add:
21. Central lower paraparesis is a syndrome of ___________ ___________ lesions of the spinal cord at the level of _____________ segments.
Answer: full transverse, thoracic
22. The syndrome of damage to half the diameter of the spinal cord is called ___________ - _____________ syndrome.
Answer: Brown-Sequard
23. Spastic tone, hyperreflexia, pathological reflexes, clonus are signs of damage to the _______________ ____________ neuron.
Answer: central motor
24. Muscle atrophy, muscle atony, areflexia - signs of damage
_____________ _______________ neuron.
Answer: peripheral motor
25. Peripheral paresis of the upper extremities - lesion syndrome
__________ ___________ spinal cord at the level of ____-____ segments.
Answer: anterior horns, C5-C8
__Cranial nerves
Select one correct answer:
26. Bulbar palsy develops when the cranial nerves are damaged:
1.IX, X, XII
2.IX, X, XI
3.VIII, IX, X
Answer: 1
27. The nucleus of the cranial nerves has unilateral cortical innervation:
1.XII, X
2.XII, VII
3.VII, X
Answer: 2
28. The area of the brain stem where the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve is located:
1. Varoliev Bridge
2.Cerebral peduncle
3. Medulla oblongata
Answer: 2
29. Ptosis is observed when a pair of cranial nerves is damaged:
1.IV
2.V
3.III
Answer: 3
30. Strabismus is observed when a pair of cranial nerves is damaged:
1.III
2.XII
3.VII
4.V
Answer: 1
31. Dysphagia occurs when a pair of cranial nerves is damaged:
1.V-VII
2.IX-X
3.VII-XI
Answer: 2
32. Dysarthria occurs when a pair of cranial nerves is damaged:
1.V
2.XI
3.XII
Answer: 3
33. Facial muscles are innervated by a pair of cranial nerves:
1.V
2.VI
3.VII
Answer: 3
34. The sphincter of the pupil is innervated by the nerve:
1.III
2.IV
3.VI
Answer: 1
35. Diplopia occurs when a pair of cranial nerves is damaged:
1.VII
2.X
3.VI
4.V
Answer: 3
36. Ptosis occurs when the cranial nerve is damaged:
1.IV
2.VI
3.III
4.V
Answer: 3
37. Dysphagia occurs when cranial nerves are damaged:
1.IX-X
2.VIII-XII
3.VII-XI
Answer: 1
38. The muscles of mastication are innervated by the cranial nerve:
1.VII
2.X
3.XII
4.V
Answer: 4
39. Swallowing disorder occurs when muscles are damaged:
1.Soft palate
2.Chewable
3.Mimic
Answer: 1
40.Dysphonia occurs when cranial nerves are damaged:
1.XII
2.X
3.XI
Answer: 2
Select all correct answers:
41. Symptoms characteristic of bulbar palsy are:
1. The pharyngeal reflex is caused
2. There is no pharyngeal reflex
3.Peripheral paresis of the hypoglossal nerve
4. Symptoms of oral automatism
5.Dysphagia
6.Dysarthria
7.Aphonia
Answer: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7
42. Signs characteristic of damage to the facial nerve:
1.Dysphagia
2. Smoothness of the frontal and nasolabial folds
3.Lagophthalmos
4.Bell's sign
5. Difficulty protruding tongue
6. "Sail" symptom
7. Impossibility of whistling
8.Hyperacusis
9.Decreased brow reflex
Answer: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
43. Signs characteristic of damage to the oculomotor nerve:
1. Convergent strabismus
2.Mydriasis
3. Limitation of upward movement of the eyeball
4. Limitation of outward movement of the eyeball
5. Divergent strabismus
6.Ptosis
7.Diplopia
Answer: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7
44. Symptoms characteristic of Weber's alternating syndrome:
1.Mydriasis
2. Convergent strabismus
3. Divergent strabismus
4.Diplopia
5.Ptosis
6.Lagophthalmos
7. Hemiplegia
Answer: 1, 3, 4, 5, 7
45. Strabismus occurs when the cranial nerve is damaged:
1.III
2.VI
3.VII
4.II
Answer: 1, 2
Match:
46. Symptom: Localization of the lesion:
1.Ptosis A.III
2.Dysphagia B.IX-X
3.Strabismus B.VII
4.Lagophthalmos G.V
Answer: 1-A, 2-B, 3-A, 4-B
47. Syndrome: Symptoms of damage:
1. Bulbar palsy A. Dysphagia
2. Pseudobulbar palsy B. Dysarthria
B. Dysphonia
G. Atrophy of the tongue
D. Symptoms of oral automatism Answer: 1 - A, B, C, D. 2 - A, B, C, D.
48. Cranial nerve: Symptoms of damage:
1.IX-X A. Dysphagia
2.VII B. Divergent strabismus
3.III V.Lagophthalmos
4.VI G. Ptosis
D. Convergent strabismus
Answer: 1 - A. 2 - C. 3 - B, D. 4 - D.
49. Nuclei of cranial nerves: Localization:
1.III A.Cerebral peduncles
2.VII B. Varoliev Bridge
3.XII century. Medulla oblongata
4.IV D. Internal capsule
5.X
Answer: 1 - A. 2 - B. 3 - C. 4 - A. 5 - C.
50. Cranial nerve: Nucleus localization:
1.IV A.Cerebral peduncles
2.VI B. Varoliev Bridge
3.VIII B. Medulla oblongata
Answer: 1 - A. 2 - B. 3 - B.
__Extrapyramidal-cerebellar system
Select one correct answer:
51. Statics depends on normal activity:
1.Caudate nucleus
2. Cerebellum
3.Substantia nigra
Answer: 2
52. Damage to the cerebellum leads to movement disorders in the form of:
1.Paresis
2.Ataxia
3.Hyperkinesis
Answer: 2
53. Dysmetria occurs when:
1.Pyramid path
2. Cerebellum
3.Strio-pallidal system
Answer: 2
54. Muscle tone with damage to the cerebellum:
1.Increases
2.Lowers
3.Does not change
Answer: 2
55. Rate of active movements in case of damage to the pallido-nigral system:
1.Slows down
2.Accelerates
3. Hyperkinesis appears
Answer: 1
56. Hyperkinesis occurs when:
1.Pyramid system
2. Extrapyramidal system
3. Temporal lobe cortex
Answer: 2
57. When the extrapyramidal system is damaged, the following occurs:
1.Akinesia
2.Apraxia
3.Paresis
Answer: 1
58. Nystagmus occurs when:
1. Frontal lobe cortex
2.Caudate nucleus
3. Cerebellum
Answer: 3
59. Handwriting with cerebellar damage:
1.Micrography
2. Macrography
3.Does not change
Answer: 2
60. The red core is part of the system:
1.Pallido-nigral
2.Striatal
3.Pyramid
Answer: 1
61. Handwriting in a patient with damage to the pallido-nigral system:
1.Micrography
2. Macrography
3.Does not change
Answer: 1
62. Propulsions are observed with damage to:
1.Caudate nucleus
2.Red core
3.Substantia nigra
Answer: 3
63. With damage to the pallido-nigral system, speech:
1.Scanned
2.Dysarthric
3.Quiet monotonous
Answer: 3
64. With damage to the cerebellum, speech:
1.Scanned
2.Aphonia
3.Monotonous
Answer: 1
65. Muscle tone disorder due to damage to the pallido-nigral system:
1.Hypotension
2.Plastic hypertension
3.Spastic hypertension
Answer: 2
66. Gait with damage to the pallido-nigral system:
1.Spastic
2. Spastic-atactic
3.Hemiparetic
4. Shuffling, small steps
Answer: 4
67. Speech disorder due to damage to the extrapyramidal system:
1.Dysarthria
2.Speech is quiet, monotonous
3.Aphonia
Answer: 2
68. Subcortical nuclei affected in striatal syndrome:
1.Pale ball
2. Caudate nucleus
3. Substantia nigra
Answer: 2
69. Muscle tone in pallido-nigral syndrome:
1.Hypotension
2.Hypertension
3.Does not change
Answer: 2
70. When the striatal system is damaged, muscle tone:
1.Increases
2.Lowers
3.Does not change
Answer: 2
71. Symptoms characteristic of cerebellar damage:
1.Dysarthria
2.Chanted speech
3.Hypomimia
4. Bradykinesia
5.Dysmetria
6.Atony
7.Ataxia
Answer: 2, 5, 6, 7
72. Symptoms characteristic of cerebellar damage:
1. Muscular hypertension
2. Muscular hypotonia
3. Intention tremor
4.Chanted speech
5.Myoclonus
Answer: 2, 3, 4
73. When the pallido-nigral system is damaged, the following are observed:
1.Hyperkinesis
2.Dysarthria
3.Chanted speech
4. Muscular hypertension
5. Muscular hypotonia
6.Hypomimia
7. Intention tremor
8.Acheirokinesis
Answer: 4, 6, 8
74. Impulses from proprioceptors enter the cerebellum along the following path:
1. Spinothalamic tract
2.Flexig's Path
3.Gowers Path
4.Vestibulospinal tract
Answer: 2, 3
75. Damage to the caudate nucleus is characterized by:
1. Muscular hypertension
2. Muscular hypotonia
3.Hyperkinesis
4. Bradykinesia
5.Hypomimia
Answer: 2, 3
Add:
76. Damage to the pallido-nigral system is characterized by an increase in muscle tone of the “_____________ ______________” type.
Answer: "gear".
77. Damage to the cerebellum is characterized by ______________ tremor.
Answer: intentional.
78. Balance, coordination of movements, muscle tone are the functions of ___________.
Answer: cerebellum.
79. Hypokinesia, muscle rigidity, rest tremor are signs of ______________ syndrome.
Answer: parkinsonism.
80. Muscular hypotonia, hyperkinesis are signs of damage
______________ systems.
Answer: striatal.
__Sensitive system
81. When the posterior horns are damaged, sensitivity is impaired:
1.Exteroceptive
2.Proprioceptive
3. Interoceptive
Answer: 1
82. When the posterior horn is damaged, sensitivity is impaired:
1.Tactile and temperature
2. Temperature and pain
3. Painful and tactile
Answer: 2
83. The occurrence of pain is characteristic of the lesion:
1.Dorsal roots
2.Anterior roots
3.Posterior femoral internal capsule
Answer: 1
84. With multiple lesions of the dorsal roots, sensitivity is impaired:
1.Deep and superficial
2.Only deep
3.Only superficial
Answer: 1
85. When the optic thalamus is damaged, sensitivity is impaired:
1.Only deep
2.Only superficial
3.Deep and superficial
Answer: 3
86. The occurrence of pain is characteristic of the lesion:
1.Optic tract
2. Optic thalamus
3.Visual cortex
Answer: 2
87. Bitemporal hemianopsia is observed with lesions:
1.Optic tract
2.Medial part of the chiasm
3. Lateral part of the chiasm
Answer: 2
88. When the internal capsule is damaged, the following is observed:
1. Homonymous hemianopsia on the opposite side
2. Homonymous hemianopsia on the same side
3. Heteronymous hemianopsia
Answer: 1
89. Brown-Séquard syndrome occurs when the spinal cord is damaged:
1.Full diameter
2.Anterior horns
3.Half diameter
Answer: 3
90. With transverse lesions of the thoracic spinal cord, sensitivity disorders are observed:
1.Conductor
2.Segmental
3. Radicular
Answer: 1
91. When the internal capsule is damaged, sensory disorders occur:
1.Monoanesthesia
2. Hemianesthesia
3.Paresthesia
Answer: 2
92. When the posterior columns of the spinal cord are damaged, sensory disturbances are observed:
1.Temperature
2.Vibration
3. Painful
Answer: 2
93. When the optic thalamus is damaged, ataxia occurs:
1.Cerebellar
2. Sensitive
3.Vestibular
Answer: 2
94. Complete hearing loss with unilateral damage to the superior temporal gyrus is observed:
1. For my part
2.On the opposite side
3.Not observed
Answer: 3
95. When the cortical temporal region is irritated, the following occurs:
1.Visual hallucinations
2.Auditory hallucinations
3. Noise in the ear
Answer: 2
Select all correct answers:
96. The most typical symptoms for the “polyneuritic” type of sensitivity disorder are:
1. Sensitivity disorder in the corresponding dermatomes
2. Pain in the limbs
3.Anesthesia in the distal extremities
4. Hemianesthesia
Answer: 2, 3
97. Segmental type of sensitivity disorder occurs when:
1. Posterior horns of the spinal cord
2. Posterior columns of the spinal cord
3. Nuclei of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve
4.Inner capsule
Answer: 1, 3
98. Heteronymous hemianopsia occurs when:
1. Midpoints of the chiasmus
2.External geniculate body
3. External corners of the chiasm
4.Optic tract
Answer: 1, 3
99. The most typical symptoms for damage to the dorsal roots are:
1.Pain
2.Dissociated sensory disorder
3.Paresthesia
4. Violation of all types of sensitivity
Answer: 1, 4
100. Sensitivity disturbance of the conductive type is observed with damage to:
1.Dorsal roots
2. Gray matter of the spinal cord
3.Lateral columns of the spinal cord
4.Half the diameter of the spinal cord
5.Total diameter of the spinal cord
Answer: 3, 4, 5
101. Hemianopsia in combination with hemianesthesia occurs when:
1.Inner capsule
2. Optic thalamus
3. Posterior central gyrus
4.Occipital lobe
Answer: 1, 2
102. The most typical symptoms for damage to the cauda equina are:
1.Pain
2.Anesthesia on the lower extremities and perineum
3. Spastic paraplegia of the lower extremities
4. Dysfunction of the pelvic organs
5. Leg paresis of peripheral type
Answer: 1, 2, 4, 5
103. The most typical symptoms for conus lesions are:
1. Disorders of the pelvic organs
2.Anesthesia in the perineal area
3. Sensitivity disorders of the conduction type
4. Leg paresis of peripheral type
Answer: 1, 2
104. When the gasserian node is affected, the following are observed on the face:
1. Sensitivity disorders along the branches of the V nerve and herpetic rashes
2. Sensitivity disorders in the segments of the V nerve and herpetic rashes
3. Herpetic rashes without sensitivity disorders
4.Pain along the branches of the V nerve
Answer: 1, 4
105. When peripheral nerves are damaged, the following may be observed:
1.Pain and disorders of deep sensitivity
2.Pain and disturbance of all types of sensitivity
3.Impaired pain and temperature sensitivity
Answer: 1, 2, 3
Add:
106. Hemianopsia, hemianesthesia, hemialgia, sensitive hemiataxia are signs of damage to ______________ _______________. Answer: thalamus
107. When the dorsal horns of the spinal cord are damaged, a ______________ type of sensitivity disorder occurs.
Answer: segmental (dissociated).
108. Pain, temperature, tactile types of sensitivity belong to _______________ sensitivity.
Answer: exteroceptive.
109. Muscular-articular and vibration types of sensitivity belong to _______________ sensitivity.
Answer: proprioceptive.
110. Pain in the facial area, impaired sensitivity of the facial skin, decreased corneal reflex - symptoms of damage to the __________________ nerve.
Answer: trigeminal
Match:
111. Location of neurons of the spinothalamic tract:
__ - exteroceptor
__ - visual thalamus
__ - internal capsule
__ - dorsal ganglion
__ - posterior horn of the spinal cord
Answer: 1, 4, 5, 2, 6, 3
112. Location of neurons in the Gaulle pathway:
__ - postcentral gyrus
__ - visual thalamus
__ - dorsal ganglion
__ - proprioceptor
__ - Gaulle kernel
__ - internal capsule
Answer: 6, 4, 2, 1, 3, 5
113. Location of optic nerve neurons:
__ - retinal ganglion cell
__ - optic tract
__ - visual chiasma
__ - optic nerve
__ - visual thalamus
__ - visual radiance
__ - calcarine groove
Answer: 1, 4, 3, 2, 5, 6, 7
114. Location of neurons of the trigeminal nerve (sensitive portion):
__ - gasser knot
__ - postcentral gyrus
__ - internal capsule
__ - visual thalamus
__ - nucleus of the spinal tract
Answer: 1, 5, 4, 3, 2
115. Location of neurons of the auditory nerve:
__ - spiral knot
__ - hair cells of the cochlea
__ - trapezoidal bodies
__ - ventral and dorsal nuclei
__ - visual thalamus
__ - Heschl's gyrus
Answer: 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 6
__Higher cortical functions
Choose one correct answer:
116. When the right hemisphere of the brain is damaged, right-handers experience cortical speech disorders:
1.Aphasia
2.Alexia
3.Do not occur
Answer: 3
117. In patients with sensory aphasia, the following is impaired:
1.Speech understanding
2.Hearing
3.Speech playback
Answer: 1
118. A patient with amnestic aphasia has impaired ability to:
1.Describe the properties and purpose of the item
2.Give the name of the item
3. Identify the object by palpation
Answer: 2
119. A patient with apraxia has impaired goal-directed actions due to:
1.Paresis
2. Violations of the sequence and pattern of action
3.Impaired speed and smoothness of action
Answer: 2
120. When the left frontal lobe is damaged, aphasia occurs:
1.Motor
2.Sensory
3. Amnestic
Answer: 1
121. When cortical speech centers are damaged, the following occurs:
1.Aphonia
2.Anarthria
3.Aphasia
Answer: 3
122. When the left angular gyrus is damaged, the following occurs:
1.Agraphia
2.Alexia
3.Aphasia
Answer: 2
123. When the left supramarginal gyrus is damaged, the following occurs:
1.Apraxia
2.Agraphia
3.Aphasia
Answer: 1
124. Visual agnosia is observed with damage to:
1.Optic nerve
2.Occipital lobe
3.Visual radiance
Answer: 2
125. Auditory agnosia is observed with damage to:
1.Auditory nerve
2. Temporal lobes
3. Wernicke's cortical area
Answer: 2
Select all correct answers:
126. When the left temporal lobe is damaged, the following occurs:
1.Motor aphasia
2.Sensory aphasia
3. Amnestic aphasia
Answer: 2, 3
127. When the parietal cortex of the right hemisphere of the brain is damaged, the following occurs:
1.Anosognosia
2.Pseudomelia
3.Aphasia
4.Alexia
5. Autotopagnosia
Answer: 1, 2, 5
128. When the parietal cortex of the left hemisphere of the brain is damaged, the following occurs:
1.Motor aphasia
2.Acalculia
3.Apraxia
4.Alexia
5.Agnosia
Answer: 2, 3, 4
129. When the left frontal lobe is damaged, the following is impaired:
1.Letter
2.Reading
3. Expressive speech
Answer: 1, 3
130. When the left parietal lobe is damaged, apraxia occurs:
1. Ideation room
2.Motor
3.Constructive
Answer: 1, 2, 3
Match:
131. Type of aphasia: Clinical manifestations in the form of a disorder:
1. Motor A. naming objects
2.Sensory B.understanding of riddles, logical-grammatical
3.Amnestic designs
B. construction of phrasal speech
D.understanding simple instructions
D.recognition of objects
Answer: 1 - C. 2 - B, D. 3 - A.
132. Type of aphasia: Speech disorder:
1.Motor A.paraphasia
2.Sensory B.verbal embolus
3. Amnestic V. "word salad"
D. incorrect naming of objects
D.dysarthria
Answer: 1 - A, B. 2 - A, B. 3 - G.
133. Localization of the lesion: Symptom:
1.Supramarginal gyrus A.motor aphasia
2. Broca's area B. sensory aphasia
3. Wernicke's area V. apraxia
G.amnestic aphasia
Answer: 1 -. 2 - A. 3 - B.
134. Localization of the lesion: Symptom:
1. Middle frontal gyrus A. amnestic aphasia
2. Superior temporal gyrus B. agraphia
3. Angular gyrus B. astereognosis
G.Alexia
Answer: 1 - B. 2 - A. 3 - D.
135. Localization of the lesion: Symptom:
1. Inferior parietal lobule A. motor aphasia
2. Broca's area B. astereognosis
3. Angular gyrus B. acalculia
G.agraphia
Answer: 1 - B. 2 - A. 3 - B.
__Disorders of the autonomic nervous system
Select one correct answer:
136. When the diencephalic region is damaged, the following occurs:
1. Gait disturbance
2. Violation of thermoregulation
3.Pain
Answer: 2
137. When the sympathetic trunk is damaged, the following occurs:
1.Epileptic seizures
2.Vasomotor disorders
3.Sleep disorders
Answer: 2
138. When the diencephalic region is damaged, the following occurs:
1.Sleep disorders
2.Pain
3.Sensitivity disorders
Answer: 1
139. When the hypothalamic region is damaged, the following occurs:
1.Vegetative paroxysms
2. Segmental autonomic disorders
3.Sensitivity disorders
Answer: 1
140. Damage to the solar plexus is characterized by:
1.Pain in the navel area
2.Polyuria
3.Mydriasis
4.Miosis
Answer: 1
Select all correct answers:
141. Temporal lobe epilepsy is characterized by the following symptoms:
1. The feeling of “already seen”
2. Olfactory hallucinations
3.Visceral crises
4. Sensitivity disorders of segmental type
5.Lack of abdominal reflexes
Answer: 1, 2, 3
142. Damage to the hypothalamic region is characterized by:
1. Violation of thermoregulation
2.Hemiparesis
3. Hemianesthesia
4.Sleep and wakefulness disorders
5. Neuroendocrine disorders
6. Increased blood pressure
7.Heart rhythm disturbances
8.Hyperhidrosis
Answer: 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
143. Damage to the hypothalamic region is characterized by:
1. Vegetative-vascular paroxysms
2. Sweating disorders
3.Diabetes insipidus
4. Facial nerve paresis
5.Hypalgesia by conduction type
6.Disturbances in the emotional sphere
7. Insomnia
8. Neurodermatitis
Answer: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8
144. Damage to the stellate ganglion is characterized by:
1. Heart rhythm disturbances
2. Burning pain in the area of half the face, neck and upper limb
3. Paresis of the arms
4.Disturbed adaptation to pain
5.Pathological symptoms
6.Swelling in the area of half the face, neck and upper limb
7. Trophic disorders of the skin of the upper limb and half of the face
8.Vasomotor disorders in the half face area
Answer: 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8
145. Horner syndrome is characterized by:
1.Exophthalmos
2.Ptosis
3.Miosis
4. Enophthalmos
5.Diplopia
6.Mydriasis
Answer: 2, 3, 4
146. General cerebral symptoms include:
1.Headache
2.Hemiparesis
3. Jacksonian epilepsy
4. Unsystematic dizziness
5.Vomiting
6.Generalized seizure
Answer: 1, 4, 5, 6
147. Focal neurological symptoms include:
1.Headache
2.Hemiparesis
3.Vomiting
4. Jacksonian epilepsy
5. Impaired consciousness
6. Impaired coordination
Answer: 2, 4, 6
148. Meningeal symptoms:
1.Kernig
2.Lasega
3.Neri
4. Rigidity of the neck muscles
5.Babinsky
6.Brudzinsky
Answer: 1, 4, 6
149. Signs of hypertension syndrome:
1.Headache in the morning
2.Headache in the evening
3.Bradycardia
4. Congestive optic disc
5.Primary optic disc atrophy
Answer: 1, 3, 4
150. Brown-Séquard syndrome is characterized by:
1. Central paresis on the affected side
2. Central paresis on the opposite side
3. Impairment of deep sensitivity on the affected side
4. Violation of deep sensitivity on the opposite side
5.Impaired pain sensitivity on the affected side
6. Impaired pain sensitivity on the opposite side
Answer: 1, 3, 6 1. Decreasing
2.Increases
3.Does not change
Muscle tone with damage to the central motor neuron:
1.Decreasing2.Increases
3.Does not change
Pathological pyramidal symptoms on the upper limb - reflexes:
1.Babinsky2.Oppenheim
3.Rossolimo
4. Schaeffer
Muscle wasting is characteristic of the lesion:
1.Central motor neuron2.Peripheral motor neuron
3. Cerebellum
Pathological reflexes are characteristic of the lesion:
1.Peripheral motor neuron2.Central motor neuron
3. Cerebellum
Deep reflexes with damage to the central motor neuron:
1.Increasing2.Do not change
3.Decreasing
Deep reflexes with damage to a peripheral motor neuron:
1.Increasing2.Decreasing
3.Do not change
With damage to the peripheral motor neuron of muscle trophism:
1.Reduced2.Increased
3.Not changed
With damage to the central motor neuron, pathological synkinesis:
1.Can be observed2.Always observed
3.Not observed
Sign of damage to the internal capsule:
1.Hemiparesis2. Paraparesis
3.Monoplegia
Signs of damage to the central motor neuron:
1.Fibrillation2.Hyporeflexia
3. Muscle atony
4.Pathological reflexes
5.Protective reflexes
6.Synkinesis
7. Clonus
8.Lack of skin reflexes
9.Lack of tendon reflexes
Signs of peripheral motor neuron damage:
1.Spastic tone2. Muscle hypotension
3.Decreased tendon reflexes
4. Muscle wasting
5. Reaction of muscle degeneration during the study of electrical excitability
Signs of peripheral nerve damage:
1. Muscle wasting2.Pathological reflexes
3.Defensive reflexes
4. Areflexia
Signs of damage to the pyramidal tract:
1.Hemiparesis2.Increasing muscle tone in paretic muscles
3.Increased tendon reflexes
4.Decreased muscle tone
5.Decreased skin reflexes
6.Defensive reflexes
Signs of damage to the anterior horns of the spinal cord:
1. Muscle hypotension2.Fibrillary twitching
3.Lack of tendon reflexes
4. Muscle wasting
5.Pathological reflexes
Bulbar palsy develops when the cranial nerves are damaged:
1.IX, X, XII2.IX, X, XI
3.VIII, IX, X
The nucleus of the cranial nerves has unilateral cortical innervation:
1.XII, X2.XII, VII
3.VII, X
The area of the brain stem where the oculomotor nerve nucleus is located:
1. Varoliev Bridge2.Cerebral peduncle
3. Medulla oblongata
Ptosis is observed when a pair of cranial nerves is damaged:
1.IV2.V
3.III
Strabismus occurs when a pair of cranial nerves is damaged:
1.III2.XII
3.VII
4.V
Dysphagia occurs when a pair of cranial nerves is damaged:
1.V-VII2.IX-X
3.VII-XI
Dysarthria occurs when a pair of cranial nerves is damaged:
1.V2.XI
3.XII
The facial muscles are innervated by a pair of cranial nerves:
1.V
2.VI
3.VII
The sphincter of the pupil is innervated by the nerve:
1.III2.IV
3.VI
Diplopia occurs when a pair of cranial nerves is damaged:
1.VII2.X
3.VI
4.V
Ptosis occurs when the cranial nerve is damaged:
1.IV2.VI
3.III
4.V
Dysphagia occurs when cranial nerves are damaged:
1.IX-X2.VIII-XII
3.VII-XI
The muscles of mastication are innervated by the cranial nerve:
1.VII2.X
3.XII
4.V
Swallowing disorder occurs when muscles are damaged:
1.Soft palate2.Chewable
3.Mimic
Dysphonia occurs when cranial nerves are damaged:
1.XII2.X
3.XI
Symptoms of bulbar palsy include:
1. The pharyngeal reflex is caused2. There is no pharyngeal reflex
3.Peripheral paresis of the hypoglossal nerve
4. Symptoms of oral automatism
5.Dysphagia
6.Dysarthria
7.Aphonia
Signs characteristic of damage to the facial nerve:
1.Dysphagia2. Smoothness of the frontal and nasolabial folds
3.Lagophthalmos
4.Bell's sign
5. Difficulty protruding tongue
6. "Sail" symptom
7. Impossibility of whistling
8.Hyperacusis
9.Decreased brow reflex
Signs characteristic of damage to the oculomotor nerve:
1. Convergent strabismus2.Mydriasis
3. Limitation of upward movement of the eyeball
4. Limitation of outward movement of the eyeball
5. Divergent strabismus
6.Ptosis
7.Diplopia
Symptoms characteristic of Weber's alternating syndrome:
1.Mydriasis2. Convergent strabismus
3. Divergent strabismus
4.Diplopia
5.Ptosis
6.Lagophthalmos
7. Hemiplegia
Strabismus occurs when the cranial nerve is damaged:
1.III2.VI
3.VII
4.II
Extrapyramidal-cerebellar system
Statics depends on normal activity:
1.Caudate nucleus2. Cerebellum
3.Substantia nigra
Damage to the cerebellum leads to movement disorders in the form of:
1.Paresis2.Ataxia
3.Hyperkinesis
Dysmetria occurs when:
1.Pyramid path2. Cerebellum
3.Strio-pallidal system
Muscle tone in cerebellar lesions:
1.Increases2.Lowers
3.Does not change
Answer: 2
Rate of active movements with damage to the pallido-nigral system:
1.Slows down2.Accelerates
3. Hyperkinesis appears
Hyperkinesis occurs when there is damage to:
1.Pyramid system2. Extrapyramidal system
3. Temporal lobe cortex
When the extrapyramidal system is damaged, the following occurs:
1.Akinesia2.Apraxia
3.Paresis
Nystagmus occurs when:
1. Frontal lobe cortex2.Caudate nucleus
3. Cerebellum
Handwriting with cerebellar damage:
1.Micrography2. Macrography
3.Does not change
The red core is part of the system:
1.Pallido-nigral2.Striatal
3.Pyramid
Handwriting in a patient with damage to the pallido-nigral system:
1.Micrography2. Macrography
3.Does not change
Propulsions are observed with damage to:
1.Caudate nucleus2.Red core
3.Substantia nigra
When the pallido-nigral system is affected, speech:
1.Scanned2.Dysarthric
3.Quiet monotonous
With damage to the cerebellum, speech:
1.Scanned2.Aphonia
3.Monotonous
Muscle tone disorder due to damage to the pallido-nigral system:
1.Hypotension2.Plastic hypertension
3.Spastic hypertension
Gait with damage to the pallido-nigral system:
1.Spastic2. Spastic-atactic
3.Hemiparetic
4. Shuffling, small steps
Speech disorder due to damage to the extrapyramidal system:
1.Dysarthria2.Speech is quiet, monotonous
3.Aphonia
Subcortical nuclei affected in striatal syndrome:
1.Pale ball2. Caudate nucleus
3. Substantia nigra
Muscle tone in pallido-nigral syndrome:
1.Hypotension2.Hypertension
3.Does not change
When the striatal system is damaged, muscle tone:
1.Increases2.Lowers
3.Does not change 1.Dysarthria
2.Chanted speech
3.Hypomimia
4. Bradykinesia
5.Dysmetria
6.Atony
7.Ataxia
Symptoms characteristic of cerebellar damage:
1. Muscular hypertension2. Muscular hypotonia
3. Intention tremor
4.Chanted speech
5.Myoclonus
When the pallido-nigral system is damaged, the following are observed:
1.Hyperkinesis2.Dysarthria
3.Chanted speech
4. Muscular hypertension
5. Muscular hypotonia
6.Hypomimia
7. Intention tremor
8.Acheirokinesis
Impulses from proprioceptors enter the cerebellum along the following path:
1. Spinothalamic tract2.Flexig's Path
3.Gowers Path
4.Vestibulospinal tract
Damage to the caudate nucleus is characterized by:
1. Muscular hypertension2. Muscular hypotonia
3.Hyperkinesis
4. Bradykinesia
5.Hypomimia
When the posterior horns are damaged, sensitivity is impaired:
1.Exteroceptive2.Proprioceptive
3. Interoceptive
When the posterior horn is damaged, sensitivity is impaired:
1.Tactile and temperature2. Temperature and pain
3. Painful and tactile 1.Dorsal roots
2.Anterior roots
3.Posterior femoral internal capsule
. With multiple lesions of the dorsal roots, sensitivity is impaired:
1.Deep and superficial2.Only deep
3.Only superficial
When the optic thalamus is damaged, sensitivity is impaired:
1.Only deep2.Only superficial
3.Deep and superficial
The occurrence of pain is characteristic of the lesion:
1.Optic tract2. Optic thalamus
3.Visual cortex
Bitemporal hemianopsia is observed with lesions:
1.Optic tract2.Medial part of the chiasm
3. Lateral part of the chiasm
When the internal capsule is damaged, the following is observed:
1. Homonymous hemianopsia on the opposite side2. Homonymous hemianopsia on the same side
3. Heteronymous hemianopsia
Brown-Séquard syndrome occurs when the spinal cord is damaged:
1.Full diameter2.Anterior horns
3.Half diameter
With transverse lesions of the thoracic spinal cord, sensitivity disorders are observed:
1.Conductor2.Segmental
3. Radicular
When the internal capsule is damaged, sensory disorders occur:
1.Monoanesthesia2. Hemianesthesia
3.Paresthesia
When the posterior columns of the spinal cord are damaged, sensory disturbances are observed:
1.Temperature2.Vibration
3. Painful
When the optic thalamus is damaged, ataxia occurs:
1.Cerebellar2. Sensitive
3.Vestibular
Complete hearing loss with unilateral damage to the superior temporal gyrus is observed:
1. For my part2.On the opposite side
3.Not observed
When irritation of the cortical temporal region occurs:
1.Visual hallucinations2.Auditory hallucinations
3. Noise in the ear
The most typical symptoms for the “polyneuritic” type of sensitivity disorder are:
1. Sensitivity disorder in the corresponding dermatomes2. Pain in the limbs
3.Anesthesia in the distal extremities
4. Hemianesthesia
The segmental type of sensitivity disorder occurs when:
1. Posterior horns of the spinal cord2. Posterior columns of the spinal cord
3. Nuclei of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve
4.Inner capsule
Heteronymous hemianopsia occurs when:
1. Midpoints of the chiasmus2.External geniculate body
3. External corners of the chiasm
4.Optic tract
The most typical symptoms for damage to the dorsal roots are:
1.Pain2.Dissociated sensory disorder
3.Paresthesia
4. Violation of all types of sensitivity
Sensitivity disturbance of the conductive type is observed with damage to:
1.Dorsal roots2. Gray matter of the spinal cord
3.Lateral columns of the spinal cord
4.Half the diameter of the spinal cord
5.Total diameter of the spinal cord
Hemianopsia in combination with hemianesthesia occurs when:
1.Inner capsule2. Optic thalamus
3. Posterior central gyrus
4.Occipital lobe
The most typical symptoms for cauda equina lesions are:
1.Pain2.Anesthesia on the lower extremities and perineum
3. Spastic paraplegia of the lower extremities
4. Dysfunction of the pelvic organs
5. Leg paresis of peripheral type
The most typical symptoms for conus lesions are:
1. Disorders of the pelvic organs2.Anesthesia in the perineal area
3. Sensitivity disorders of the conduction type
4. Leg paresis of peripheral type
When the gasserian node is damaged on the face, the following are observed:
1. Sensitivity disorders along the branches of the V nerve and herpetic rashes2. Sensitivity disorders in the segments of the V nerve and herpetic rashes
3. Herpetic rashes without sensitivity disorders
4.Pain along the branches of the V nerve
When peripheral nerves are damaged, the following may occur:
1.Pain and disorders of deep sensitivity2.Pain and disturbance of all types of sensitivity
3.Impaired pain and temperature sensitivity
Higher cortical functions
When the right hemisphere of the brain is damaged, right-handed people experience cortical speech disorders:
1.Aphasia2.Alexia
3.Do not occur
In patients with sensory aphasia, the following is impaired:
1.Speech understanding2.Hearing
3.Speech playback
A patient with amnestic aphasia has impaired ability to:
1.Describe the properties and purpose of the item2.Give the name of the item
3. Identify the object by palpation
A patient with apraxia has impaired goal-directed actions due to:
1.Paresis2. Violations of the sequence and pattern of action
3.Impaired speed and smoothness of action
When the left frontal lobe is damaged, aphasia occurs:
1.Motor2.Sensory
3. Amnestic
When cortical speech centers are damaged, the following occurs:
1.Aphonia2.Anarthria
3.Aphasia
When the left angular gyrus is damaged, the following occurs:
1.Agraphia2.Alexia
3.Aphasia
When the left supramarginal gyrus is damaged, the following occurs:
1.Apraxia2.Agraphia
3.Aphasia
Visual agnosia is observed with damage to:
1.Optic nerve2.Occipital lobe
3.Visual radiance
Auditory agnosia is observed with damage to:
1.Auditory nerve2. Temporal lobes
3. Wernicke's cortical area
Select all correct answers:
When the left temporal lobe is damaged, the following occurs:
1.Motor aphasia2.Sensory aphasia
3. Amnestic aphasia
Answer: 2, 3
When the parietal cortex of the right hemisphere of the brain is damaged, the following occurs:
1.Anosognosia2.Pseudomelia
3.Aphasia
4.Alexia
5. Autotopagnosia
When the parietal cortex of the left hemisphere of the brain is damaged, the following occurs:
1.Motor aphasia2.Acalculia
3.Apraxia
4.Alexia
5.Agnosia
When the left frontal lobe is damaged, the following is impaired:
1.Letter2.Reading
1.Pain in the navel area
2.Polyuria
3.Mydriasis
4.Miosis
Temporal lobe epilepsy is characterized by:
1. The feeling of “already seen”2. Olfactory hallucinations
3.Visceral crises
4. Sensitivity disorders of segmental type
5.Lack of abdominal reflexes 1. Violation of thermoregulation
2.Hemiparesis
3. Hemianesthesia
4.Sleep and wakefulness disorders
5. Neuroendocrine disorders
6. Increased blood pressure
7.Heart rhythm disturbances
8.Hyperhidrosis
Damage to the hypothalamic region is characterized by:
1. Vegetative-vascular paroxysms2. Sweating disorders
3.Diabetes insipidus
4. Facial nerve paresis
5.Hypalgesia by conduction type
6.Disturbances in the emotional sphere
7. Insomnia
8. Neurodermatitis
Damage to the stellate ganglion is characterized by:
1. Heart rhythm disturbances2. Burning pain in the area of half the face, neck and upper limb
3. Paresis of the arms
4.Disturbed adaptation to pain
5.Pathological symptoms
6.Swelling in the area of half the face, neck and upper limb
7. Trophic disorders of the skin of the upper limb and half of the face
8.Vasomotor disorders in the half face area
Horner's syndrome is characterized by:
1.Exophthalmos2.Ptosis
3.Miosis
4. Enophthalmos
5.Diplopia
6.Mydriasis
General cerebral symptoms include:
1.Headache2.Hemiparesis
3. Jacksonian epilepsy
4. Unsystematic dizziness
5.Vomiting
6.Generalized seizure
Focal neurological symptoms include:
1.Headache2.Hemiparesis
3.Vomiting
4. Jacksonian epilepsy
5. Impaired consciousness
6. Impaired coordination
Meningeal symptoms:
1.Kernig2.Lasega
3.Neri
4. Rigidity of the neck muscles
5.Babinsky
6.Brudzinsky
Signs of hypertension syndrome:
1.Headache in the morning2.Headache in the evening
3.Bradycardia
4. Congestive optic disc
5.Primary optic disc atrophy
Brown-Séquard syndrome is characterized by:
1. Central paresis on the affected side2. Central paresis on the opposite side
3. Impairment of deep sensitivity on the affected side
4. Violation of deep sensitivity on the opposite side
5.Impaired pain sensitivity on the affected side
6. Impaired pain sensitivity on the opposite side
QUALIFICATION TEST IN NEUROLOGY
Section 1. CLINICAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. TOPICAL DIAGNOSTICS
01.1. When the abducens nerve is damaged, paralysis of the extraocular muscle occurs.
a) the upper line
b) outer straight line
c) bottom line
d) lower oblique
e) upper oblique
01.2. Mydriasis occurs when there is a lesion
a) the upper portion of the magnocellular nucleus of the oculomotor nerve
b) the lower portion of the magnocellular nucleus of the oculomotor nerve
c) parvocellular accessory nucleus of the oculomotor nerve
d) middle unpaired nucleus
e) nuclei of the medial longitudinal fasciculus
01.3. If the upper limit of conduction disorders of pain sensitivity is determined at the level of the T 10 dermatome, the spinal cord lesion is localized at the level of the segment
a) T 6 or T 7
b) T 8 or T 9
c) T 9 or T 10
d) T 10 or T 11
e) T 11 or T 12
01.4. With central paralysis there is
a) muscle atrophy
b) increased tendon reflexes
c) sensitivity disorder of the polyneuritic type
d) disorders of electrical excitability of nerves and muscles
e) fibrillary twitching
01.5. Choreic hyperkinesis occurs when there is a lesion
a) paleostriatum
b) neostriatum
c) medial globus pallidus
d) lateral globus pallidus
d) cerebellum
01.6. Deep sensory fibers for the lower extremities are located in a thin bundle of posterior funiculi in relation to the midline
a) laterally
b) medially
c) ventrally
d) dorsally
e) ventrolateral
01.7. Deep sensory fibers for the trunk and upper extremities are located in the wedge-shaped bundle of the posterior funiculi in relation to the midline
a) laterally
b) medially
c) ventrally
d) dorsally
e) ventromedial
01.8. Fibers of pain and temperature sensitivity (lateral lemniscus) join fibers of deep and tactile sensitivity (medial lemniscus)
a) in the medulla oblongata
b) in the pons of the brain
c) in the cerebral peduncles
d) in the optic thalamus
d) in the cerebellum
01.9. The main mediator of the inhibitory effect is
a) acetylcholine
c) norepinephrine
d) adrenaline
d) dopamine
01.10. All afferent pathways of the striopallidal system end
b) in the striatum
c) in the medial nucleus of the globus pallidus
d) in the subthalamic nucleus
d) in the cerebellum
01.11. Instability in the Romberg position when closing the eyes increases significantly if ataxia occurs.
a) cerebellar
b) sensitive
c) vestibular
d) frontal
e) mixed
01.12. Regulation of muscle tone by the cerebellum when the position of the body in space changes is carried out through
a) red nucleus
b) Lewis body
c) substantia nigra
d) striatum
e) blue spot
01.13. Binasal hemianopsia occurs with lesions
c) visual radiance
d) optic tracts
e) black substance
01.14. Compression leads to a concentric narrowing of the visual field
a) optic tract
b) optic chiasm
c) external geniculate body
d) visual radiance
e) black substance
01.15. When the optic tract is damaged, hemianopia occurs
a) binasal
b) homonymous
c) bitemporal
d) lower quadrant
d) upper quadrant
0116. Homonymous hemianopsia is not observed with the lesion
a) optic tract
b) optic chiasm
c) visual radiance
d) internal capsule
d) optic nerve
01.17. The pathway passes through the superior cerebellar peduncles
a) posterior spinocerebellar
b) anterior spinocerebellar
c) fronto-pontine-cerebellar
d) occipitotemporal pons-cerebellar
e) spinocerebellar
01.18. Olfactory hallucinations are observed when affected
a) olfactory tubercle
b) olfactory bulb
c) temporal lobe
d) parietal lobe
e) frontal lobe
01.19. Bitemporal hemianopsia is observed with lesions
a) central parts of the optic chiasm
b) external parts of the optic chiasm
c) visual tracts of the optic chiasm
e) frontal lobe
01.20. True urinary incontinence occurs when there is damage
a) paracentral lobules of the anterior central gyrus
b) cervical spinal cord
c) lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord
d) cauda equina spinal cord
e) pons brain
01.21. With paresis of upward gaze and convergence disorder, the focus is localized
a) in the upper parts of the pons of the brain
b) in the lower parts of the pons of the brain
c) in the dorsal part of the midbrain tegmentum
d) in the cerebral peduncles
d) in the medulla oblongata
01.22. Half the diameter of the spinal cord (Brown-Séquard syndrome) is characterized by central paralysis on the side of the lesion in combination
c) in the pons of the brain on the left
d) in the area of the apex of the pyramid of the left temporal bone
d) in the cerebral peduncle
01.25. A seizure begins from the toes of the left foot if the focus is located
a) in the anterior adversive field on the right
b) in the upper part of the posterior central gyrus on the right
e) in the middle section of the anterior central gyrus on the right
01.28. The cervical plexus is formed by the anterior branches of the spinal nerves and cervical segments
01.29. The brachial plexus forms the anterior branches of the spinal nerves
01.30. Nerve impulses are generated
a) cell nucleus
b) outer membrane
c) axon
d) neurofilaments
e) dendrites
01.31. Alexia is observed when affected
a) superior frontal gyrus
b) parahippocampal gyrus
c) thalamus
d) angular gyrus
e) pons brain
01.32. On a section of the lower part of the medulla oblongata, nuclei are not distinguished
a) tender and wedge-shaped
b) spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve
c) hypoglossal nerves
d) facial, abducens nerves
01.33. The brainstem pons includes
a) red kernels
b) nuclei of the trochlear nerve
c) nuclei of the oculomotor nerve
d) nuclei of the abducens nerve
e) nuclei of the hypoglossal nerves
01.34. Hemianesthesia, hemiataxia, hemianopsia are characteristic of the lesion
a) globus pallidus
b) caudate nucleus
c) red nucleus
d) thalamus
e) black substance
01.35. Damage to the cauda equina of the spinal cord is accompanied by
a) flaccid paresis of the legs and sensory impairment of the radicular type
b) spastic paresis of the legs and pelvic disorders
c) impaired deep sensitivity of the distal legs and urinary retention
d) spastic paraparesis of the legs without sensory disorders and dysfunction of the pelvic organs
e) impairment of deep sensitivity of the proximal legs and urinary retention
01.36. True astereognosis is caused by a lesion
a) frontal lobe
b) temporal lobe
c) parietal lobe
d) occipital lobe
d) cerebellum
01.37. Loss of the upper quadrants of the visual fields occurs with lesions
a) external parts of the optic chiasm
b) lingual gyrus
c) deep parts of the parietal lobe
d) primary visual centers in the thalamus
d) optic nerve
01.38. Astereognosis occurs when there is a lesion
a) lingual gyrus of the parietal lobe
b) superior temporal gyrus
c) inferior frontal gyrus
d) superior parietal lobule
d) cerebellum
01.39. Closure of the reflex arc from the biceps brachii tendon occurs at the level of the following segments of the spinal cord
01.40. Association fibers connect
a) symmetrical parts of both hemispheres
b) asymmetrical parts of both hemispheres
c) cortex with the visual thalamus and underlying sections (centrifugal and centripetal paths)
d) different parts of the cortex of the same hemisphere
d) cerebral peduncles
01.41. Patient with visual agnosia
a) sees surrounding objects poorly, but recognizes them
b) sees objects well, but the shape seems distorted
c) does not see objects in the periphery of the visual field
d) sees objects, but does not recognize them
e) sees surrounding objects poorly and does not recognize them
01.42. Patient with motor aphasia
a) understands spoken speech, but cannot speak
b) does not understand spoken speech and cannot speak
c) can speak, but does not understand spoken speech
d) can speak, but the speech is scanned
e) can speak, but does not remember the names of objects
a) cannot speak and does not understand spoken speech
b) understands spoken speech, but cannot speak
c) can speak, but forgets the names of objects
d) does not understand spoken speech, but controls his own speech
d) does not understand spoken speech and does not control his own
01.44. Amnestic aphasia is observed with lesions
a) frontal lobe
b) parietal lobe
c) the junction of the frontal and parietal lobes
d) the junction of the temporal and parietal lobes
e) occipital lobe
01.45. The combination of impaired swallowing and phonation, dysarthria, paresis of the soft palate, absence of the pharyngeal reflex and tetraparesis indicates a lesion
a) cerebral peduncle
b) pons brain
c) medulla oblongata
d) midbrain tegmentum
d) hypothalamus
01.46. The combination of paresis of the left half of the soft palate, deviation of the uvula to the right, increased tendon reflexes and pathological reflexes on the right extremities indicates a lesion
a) medulla oblongata at the level of the motor nucleus of the IX and X nerves on the left
b) medulla oblongata at the level of the XII nerve on the left
c) knee of the internal capsule on the left
d) posterior thigh of the internal capsule on the left
d) hypothalamus
01.47. In alternating Millard-Gubler syndrome, the focus is located
a) at the base of the cerebral peduncle
b) in the posterolateral part of the medulla oblongata
c) in the area of the red nucleus
d) at the base of the lower part of the pons
d) in the hypothalamus
01.48. Features of the violation of the pilomotor reflex have topical and diagnostic significance in case of damage
a) quadrigeminal
b) medulla oblongata
c) hypothalamus
d) spinal cord
e) peripheral nerves
01.49. Lesions in the ventral half of the lumbar enlargement are not characterized by the presence
a) inferior flaccid paraparesis
b) disorders of pain sensitivity
d) sensitive ataxia of the lower extremities
e) preserved deep sensitivity
01.50. Oral automatism reflexes indicate damage to the tracts
a) corticospinal
b) corticonuclear
c) fronto-pontine-cerebellar
d) rubrospinal
e) spinocerebellar
01.51. The grasping reflex (Yaniszewski) is noted when affected
a) parietal lobe
b) temporal lobe
c) frontal lobe
d) occipital lobe
d) hypothalamus
01.52. Auditory agnosia occurs with damage
a) parietal lobe
b) frontal lobe
c) occipital lobe
d) temporal lobe
d) hypothalamus
01.53. Alternating Foville syndrome is characterized by simultaneous involvement of nerves in the pathological process
a) facial and abducens
b) facial and oculomotor
c) glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus
d) sublingual and accessory
e) additional and block
01.54. Jugular foramen syndrome is characterized by nerve damage
a) glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory
b) vagus, accessory, sublingual
c) accessory, glossopharyngeal, sublingual
d) vagus, facial, trigeminal
e) vagus, oculomotor, abducens
01.55. Constructive apraxia occurs when there is a lesion
a) frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere
b) frontal lobe of the non-dominant hemisphere
e) occipital lobes
01.56. Body schema disorder is noted when affected
a) temporal lobe of the dominant hemisphere
b) temporal lobe of the non-dominant hemisphere
c) parietal lobe of the dominant hemisphere
d) parietal lobe of the non-dominant hemisphere
d) hypothalamus
01.57. Sensory aphasia occurs when there is a lesion
a) superior temporal gyrus
b) middle temporal gyrus
c) superior parietal lobule
d) inferior parietal lobule
d) hypothalamus
01.58. Motor apraxia in the left hand develops with the lesion
a) genu corpus callosum
b) trunk of the corpus callosum
c) thickening of the corpus callosum
d) frontal lobe
e) occipital lobe
01.59. The segmental apparatus of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is represented by neurons of the lateral horns of the spinal cord at the level of segments
01.60. The caudal section of the segmental apparatus of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is represented by neurons of the lateral horns of the spinal cord at the level of segments
a) L 4 -L 5 -S 1
b) L 5 -S 1 -S 2
01.61. The ciliospinal center is located in the lateral horns of the spinal cord at the level of the segments
Section 2. MEDICAL GENETICS
02.1. Proband is:
A. A patient who consults a doctor
B. A healthy person who applied for medical genetic consultation
B. A person who first came under the supervision of a geneticist
D. The person from whom the pedigree collection begins
02.02. With what type of inheritance are patients born significantly more often in families with consanguineous marriages:
A. X-linked recessive
B. Autosomal recessive
B. X-linked dominant
02.03. Siblings are:
A. All relatives of the proband
B. Proband's uncle
B. Parents of the proband
D. Brothers and sisters of the proband
02.04. The objects of study of clinical genetics are:
A. Sick person
B. The patient and sick relatives
B. The patient and all members of his family, including healthy ones
02.05. What is the probability of giving birth to a sick child by a woman who has a sick son and brother with hemophilia:
V. 100%
D. Close to 0%
02.06. Dolichocephaly is:
A. Long narrow skull with prominent forehead and nape
B. Increase in the longitudinal size of the skull relative to the transverse
B. An increase in the transverse size of the skull with a relative decrease in the longitudinal size
D. Expansion of the skull in the occipital region and narrowing in the frontal region
02.07. Epicanthus is:
A. Fused eyebrows
B. Wide-set eyes
B. Vertical skin fold at the inner corner of the eye
D. Narrowing of the palpebral fissure
02.08. Oligodactyly is:
A. Absence of fingers
B. Finger fusion
B. Missing one or more fingers
D. Increasing the number of fingers
02.09. Cryptorchidism is:
A. Non-closure of the urethra
B. Undescended testicles into the scrotum
B. Underdevelopment of the genital organs
02.10. Arachnodactyly is:
A. Shortening of fingers
B. Changing finger shapes
B. Increase in finger length
02.11. Syndactyly is:
A. Fusion of the limbs along the entire length
B. Fusion of the limb in the lower third
B. Finger fusion
02.12 Brachycephaly is:
A. Expansion of the skull in the occipital part and narrowing in the frontal part
B. “tower skull”
B. An increase in the transverse size of the head with a relative decrease in the longitudinal size
D. Increase in the longitudinal size of the skull relative to the transverse
02.13. Anophthalmia is:
A. Congenital absence of eyeballs
B. Congenital absence of the iris
B. Reduced distance between the inner corners of the eye sockets
02.14 Micrognathia is:
A. Small size of the lower jaw
B. Small size of the upper jaw
B. Small oral opening
02.15 Heterochromia of the iris is:
A. Abnormal color perception
B. Different colors of the iris
B. Differences in iris size
02.16 The most appropriate periods of pregnancy to study the level of alpha-fetoprotein in the blood:
A. 7-10 weeks
B. 16-20 weeks
B. 25-30 weeks
G. 33-38 weeks
02.17 Karyotype characteristic of Klinefelter syndrome:
47, ХХУ
47, XUU
46, XY
45, U
47, XXX
45, XO
47, ХХУ
46, XX / 47, XX + 13
46, XX, del(р5)
47, XX + 18
Down's disease
Edwards syndrome
Patau syndrome
Cystic fibrosis
Congenital malformations
45, X
47, XY + 21
45, 0U
47, ХХУ
Only for men
Only for women
In men and women
Prenatal diagnosis
Screening programs
Artificial insemination
is:
Cytochrome C
Prozerin
D-penicillamine
Nootropil
Hepatoprotectors
Hypotyrosinemia
Hypophenylalaninemia
Hypoceruloplasminemia
Hyper-3,4-dihydrophenylalaninemia
Reduced blood ceruloplasmin
Increased copper content in the liver
Decreased urinary copper excretion
Increase in "direct" blood copper
enzyme:
Galactokinases
Dehydropteridine reductase
Dystrophin
Ceruloplasmin
Transcription
Processing
Polyploidy
Broadcast
Replication
Phenotype
Genotype
Karyotype
Recombinant
Neurons
Hepatocytes
Zygotes
Gametes
Epithelial
Clinical and genealogical
Direct DNA probing
Microbiological
Cytological
Twin
Self-reproduction
Methylation
Nucleosome formation
Double-stranded structure
Apoptosis
Necrosis
Degeneration
Chromatolysis
Mutation
Chromosism
Polyploidy
Genetic load
Mosaicism
Disturbance in gene structure
Change in the number of chromosomes
Accumulation of intronic repeats
Change in chromosome structure
Genomic mutation
Gene mutation
Chromosomal mutation
Chromosomal mutations
Genomic mutations
Gene mutations
12,5%
As in the population
100%
Mendel
Beadle-Tatuma
Hardy-Weinberg
Morgana
Wright
02.40. The main objectives of medical genetics are to study
laws of heredity and variability of the human body
population statistics of hereditary diseases
molecular and biochemical aspects of heredity
changes in heredity caused by environmental factors
all of the above
detected in a heterozygous state
detected in a homozygous state
detected in hetero- and homozygous states
all of the above are false
by the action of a dominant gene
by the action of a recessive gene
by the action of both dominant and recessive genes
interaction of genotype with environmental factors
02.43. A karyotype is a set of features of the chromosome set of a cell, determined by:
number of sex chromosomes
chromosome shape
chromosome structure
all of the above
none of the above
predominantly affects males
prevalence of sick family members in the generation
manifestation of a pathological inherited trait in all generations without skipping
all of the above are true
the ratio of healthy and sick family members is 1:1
the disease is not related to consanguinity
the parents of the first identified patient are clinically healthy
all of the above is incorrect
the ratio of sick men in each generation is 2:1
only men get sick
only women get sick
signs of the disease are always found in the mother of the proband
mental development disorders
physical development disorders
multiple malformations
all listed
maternal somatic diseases
emotional stress
physical overload
viruses
all of the above factors
cerebrospinal pyramidal tracts
motor neurons of the anterior horns of the spinal cord
peripheral motor neuron
all of the above
none of the above
according to the autosomal dominant type
according to the autosomal recessive type
by recessive type associated with sex (X chromosome)
by dominant type associated with gender
with amyotrophy Charcot - Marie - Tuta
for hypertrophic neuropathy Dejerine - Sotta
for Erb's muscular dystrophy
for Becker-Kinner muscular dystrophy
for Kugelberg-Welander amyotrophy
anterior horns of the spinal cord
peripheral motor nerves
muscles of the distal limbs
subcortical nuclei
increased ceruloplasmin levels and hypercupremia
decreased ceruloplasmin levels and hypercupremia
increased ceruloplasmin levels and hypocupremia
decreased ceruloplasmin levels and hypocupremia
plastic extrapyramidal rigidity
akinesia
hypomimia
dementia
02.55. In Friedreich's disease there is
recessive inheritance pattern
dominant mode of inheritance
sex-linked (via the X chromosome)
all of the above
foot deformities
dysraphic status
damage to the heart muscle
decreased or lost reflexes
all of the above
along the peripheral nerves
in the spinal canal along the roots
intracranial along the cranial nerves
in any of the specified areas
autosomal dominant
autosomal recessive
recessive, sex-linked (via the X chromosome)
all of the above is incorrect
rounded skull, gothic palate, syndactyly, muscle hypotonia
dolichocephaly, cleft palate, arachnodactyly, muscle hypertonicity
Craniostenotic skull, cleft lip, presence of 6th digit, choreoathetosis
a combination of any of the above symptoms is observed
fusion of cervical vertebrae
fusion of the 1st cervical vertebra with the occipital bone
downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils
cleft arch of the 1st cervical vertebra
all of the above
only clinical symptoms
at the clinical, biochemical and cellular levels
only at certain stages of metabolism
only at the cellular level
characteristic clinical picture and biochemical analysis
clinical picture
clinical picture, hormonal profile studies, biochemical analysis and pathological examination
transfer of a section of one chromosome to another
change in DNA structure
interaction of genetic and environmental factors
deletion, duplication, translocation of chromosome sections
50%;
close to 0%;
75%;
25%.
patient complaints and family history data
characteristic combination of clinical signs
biochemical analysis
clinical symptoms, biochemical and pathomorphological studies
age of onset of disease
predominant damage to certain groups in the population
type of inheritance
nature of the mutation
biochemical analysis of urine and blood
examination data by an ophthalmologist, cardiologist and paraclinical research methods
clinical symptoms, studies of the concentration of Na and Cl ions in sweat fluid
characteristic clinical symptoms, electromyography data and determination of serum creatinine phosphokinase levels
50%;
25%;
100%.
50%;
25%;
100%.
02.70. Genetic diseases are caused by:
loss of part of the chromosomal material
increase in chromosomal material
loss of two or more genes
single gene mutation
data for determining the concentration of Na and Cl ions in sweat fluid
characteristic neurological symptoms, time of onset and nature of the course, determination of the level of creatinine phosphokinase in the blood serum
examination by an ophthalmologist, neurologist, ultrasound data
histological examination results
50%;
25%;
75%.
primary gene effect
effect of environmental factors
presence of modifier genes
gene dosage effect
all of the above
lack of Mendelization
Children get sick more often
possibility of isolating individual forms with the effect of the main gene
predominant defeat of men
independence from degree of consanguinity
high frequency in the population
greater risk of developing the disease in relatives with a lower incidence of the disease in the population
phenylketonuria
Kleinfelter's syndrome
hypertonic disease
Arnold-Chiari malformation
spinal amyotrophy of Werdnig-Hoffmann
cleft lip, palate
Friedreich's foot
Marfan syndrome
trisomy 17
trisomy 18
deletion of chromosome 18
inversion of chromosome 17
trisomy 14
trisomy 13
deletion of chromosome 18
duplication of chromosome 18
primary amenorrhea
monosomy X
identifying symptoms from birth
short stature
all of the above
presence of phenylketonuria in one of the parents
carriage of a balanced chromosomal rearrangement in one of the parents
high levels of alpha-fetoprotein in the mother's blood
one of the parents has diabetes
primary amenorrhea
microorchidism
dolichocephaly, arachnodactyly
all of the above
violation of sexual differentiation
presence of enzymopathies
multiple congenital anomalies of internal organs
no changes in karyotype
monosomy
egg
squamous epithelium
endothelium
neuron
myocyte
Down syndrome
"cry the cat" syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Marfan syndrome
chromosome size
location of the primary constriction
streaking in differential staining
all of the above
establishing the hereditary nature of the disease
establishing the type of inheritance
determining the circle of people who need a detailed examination
all of the above
none of the above
buccal test
biochemical
microbiological
population
immunofluorescent
genetic engineering
antibiotic therapy
limiting the introduction of a harmful product
replacement therapy
broadcast
inversion
mimicry
repolarization
extrapolation
hemophilia
Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome
Duchenne myopathy
neurofibromatosis
schizophrenia
aneuploidy
polysomy
polyploidy
inversion
telomere
centromere
satellite
chromosome arm
morganic
incest
inbreeding
polygamy
from 2 to 6 months
from 2 months to 1 year
from 2 months to 3 years
from 2 months to 5-6 years
all life
Mongoloid eye shape
mental retardation
speech disorders
congenital heart defects
pyramidal insufficiency
in boys
in persons of both sexes
only for adults
arachnodactyly
heart defects
subluxations of the lens
mental retardation
all the listed symptoms
absent
insignificant
significant
depends on the age of the parents
depends on the gender of the patient
02.100. The scapulohumeral-facial form of myopathy (Landouzi - Dezherina) has
autosomal dominant mode of inheritance
autosomal recessive mode of inheritance
autosomal recessive, X-linked type of inheritance
autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant mode of inheritance
type of inheritance unknown
Today, in the modern world, in conditions of constant stress, neuropsychic and psychosomatic stress, neurosis- its various types and symptoms, occupies a leading position in the “rating” of human mental and psychological problems.
Your attention, dear visitors of the site, is invited to go through neurosis test online and free.
Diagnosis of neuroses in modern psychotherapy and psychoanalysis - the task is not difficult, almost any experienced psychotherapist or psychoanalyst will, without difficulty and unnecessary psychodiagnostics, determine your neurosis based on symptoms during an initial psychoanalytic conversation, including a practical psychologist online on Skype.
Neurosis — reversible, albeit a protracted personality and mental disorder. Therefore, in order not to prolong the problem and not to turn a reversible neurotic disorder into psychosis, which is pathological and often irreversible, as well as to prevent it, we have suggested neurosis test online, free diagnosis of neuroses.
Diagnosis of neuroses online, take a neurosis test for free, based on symptoms
This test for neurosis is based on the intensity and strength of emotional-psychological, physical and vegetative symptoms. Answer the questions of the online test for neurosis sincerely, do not deceive yourself...
Neurology test questions
1. Which areas of the spinal cord are most often damaged during childbirth in the breech position:
upper and middle cervical
lower cervical and upper thoracic
upper thoracic and middle thoracic
lower thoracic and lumbar
lumbar and coccygeal
2. Which areas of the spinal cord are most often damaged during childbirth in the cephalic presentation:
1. upper and middle cervical
2. lower cervical and upper thoracic
3. upper thoracic and middle thoracic
4. lower thoracic and lumbar
5. lumbar and coccygeal
3. Birth injury to the spinal cord in the first days after birth must be differentiated from the following conditions:
hidden malformations of the spinal cord
brain malformations
encephalitis and meningitis
myeloradiculoneuritis
spinal cord abscess
neuromuscular diseases
polyradiculoneuritis
4. Horner's syndrome is a consequence of damage to:
sympathetic pathway in any area from the diencephalon to the lateral horns of the upper thoracic segments of the spinal cord
lower thoracic spinal cord
brachial plexus
facial nerve
parietal lobe of the brain
5. With the proximal type of obstetric Duchenne-Erb paresis, the following changes are on the affected side, except
internal rotation of the arm
increased tendon reflexes
muscle hypotonia
limitation or absence of active movements in the shoulder and elbow joints
absence of hand-mouth reflex
6. Obstetric paresis of the Dejerine-Klumpke type is characterized by:
central monoparesis of the leg
central monoparesis of the arm
7. Obstetric Duchenne-Erb paresis is characterized by:
peripheral leg paresis
central monoparesis of the arm
peripheral paresis of the proximal arm
peripheral paresis of the distal arm
8. Protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid during intracranial hemorrhage in newborns:
decreases
increases
does not change
9.The most common locations for ischemic brain damage in premature infants are:
in the parasagittal area
in the periventricular space
in the parietal lobe cortex
10. The most common asymptomatic course of intracranial hemorrhage in a premature baby is observed in the following cases:
parenchymal hemorrhage
subdural hemorrhage
epidural hemorrhage
subarachnoid hemorrhage
intraventricular hemorrhage
isolated subependymal hemorrhage
11. The most significant morphological feature of the immature brain in the pathogenesis of intraventricular hemorrhages is:
presence of germinal matrix
presence of periventricular venous plexuses
immaturity of the wall of the main arterial and venous vessels
excessive looseness of white matter in the periventricular areas
increased vascular permeability of the choroid plexuses
12. A characteristic sign of cephalohematoma is:
fluctuation on palpation
localization above the parietal bone
severe pain on palpation
distinct limitation along the line of cranial sutures
13. In full-term newborns who have suffered severe asphyxia, the most common type of central nervous system damage is:
subdural hemorrhage
periventricular hemorrhage
parasagittal necrosis
periventricular leukomalacia
14. The absolute indication for performing a lumbar puncture in the maternity hospital is:
suspected intracranial hemorrhage
suspected purulent meningitis
hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome
comatose state
suspected intrauterine infection
all answers are correct
15. Calcifications in the brain, chorioretinitis, optic nerve atrophy are more often detected in congenital:
cytomegalovirus infection
syphilis
toxoplasmosis
herpetic infection
16. With congenital herpetic infection, the development of meningoencephalitis:
typical
not typical
17. Cataracts, microphthalmia, congenital heart defects and deafness are characteristic of congenital infection caused by:
herpes virus
cytomegalovirus
rubella virus
listeria
chlamydia
mycoplasma
18. For congenital cytomegalovirus infection use:
acyclovir
cytotect
19. Crucial in the diagnosis of meningitis is:
Acute onset of the disease with fever
acute onset with meningeal syndrome
changes in cerebrospinal fluid
addition of infectious-toxic shock syndrome
signs of congestion in the fundus
20. Serous meningitis can be caused by:
Haemophilus influenzae Afanasyev-Pffeiffer
pneumococcus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
21. A significant decrease in sugar levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (up to 0.1 g/l) is characteristic of meningitis caused by:
influenza virus
pneumococcus
mumps virus
tuberculosis bacillus
22. Acute necrotizing encephalitis is caused by a virus:
herpes simplex
mumps
23. Involuntary twitching of the left corner of the mouth when trying to squint the left eye in a patient with facial nerve neuropathy suggests:
habitual spasm
hyperkinesis
pathological regeneration of the facial nerve
trigeminal neuralgia
focal seizures
24. Gait disturbance in diphtheria polyneuropathy is caused by:
lower spastic paraparesis
cerebellar ataxia
extrapyramidal rigidity
sensitive ataxia
25. Characteristic signs of phenylketonuria are:
normal blood phenylalanine levels, increased urinary excretion of phenylalanine metabolites, increased blood tyrosine levels
increased levels of phenylalanine in the blood, increased excretion of phenylalanine metabolites in urine, increased levels of tyrosine in the blood
increased levels of phenylalanine in the blood, increased excretion of phenylalanine metabolites in urine, decreased levels of tyrosine in the blood
increased blood phenylalanine levels, normal urinary excretion of phenylalanine metabolites, normal blood tyrosine levels
26. To screen for phenylketonuria, determine the level of phenylalanine.
27. Galactosemia manifests itself:
only by increasing the level of galactose in the blood
galactosemia and cataracts
galactosemia, cataracts, mental retardation
galactosemia, cataracts, mental retardation, liver cirrhosis
galactosemia, cataracts, mental retardation, liver cirrhosis, renal failure
28. In case of galactosemia, the following should be excluded from the diet:
milk and fruit
fruits and sugar
sugar and milk
29.Fructosemia manifests itself:
fructosemia, fructosuria
fructosemia, fructosuria, cataracts
fructosemia, fructosuria, cataracts, mental retardation
fructosemia, fructosuria, cataracts, mental retardation, liver cirrhosis
fructosemia, fructosuria, cataracts, mental retardation, liver cirrhosis, renal failure
30. Cafe au lait spots are areas of hyperpigmentation that occur with:
tuberous sclerosis
neurofibromatosis
multiple sclerosis
Sturge-Weber syndrome
ataxia-telangiectasia
31. In Louis-Bar syndrome, the function of T-limbocytes:
not changed
increased
32. The hyperkinetic form of cerebral palsy is characterized by everything except:
choreic hyperkinesis
torsion dystonia
intention tremor
choreoathetosis
33. In the treatment of congenital primary hypothyroidism, the following drugs are used:
thyroid-stimulating hormone
Mercazolyl
thyroidin
thyroxine
34. Thyroxine replacement therapy during screening in the maternity hospital for congenital hypothyroidism is prescribed when the TSH level is:
up to 20 µU/ml
20-50 µU/ml
50-100μU/ml
more than 100 µU/ml
35. Porphyria is characterized by the presence of:
abdominal pain
polyneuropathy syndrome
porphobilinogen in urine
all of the above
36. Damage to the nervous system in leukodystrophy occurs as a result of:
excess accumulation of lipids in nerve cells
loss of lipids from nerve cells
myelin formation disorder
all of the above
37. Progressive muscular dystrophies are caused by damage to:
cerebrospinal pyramidal tracts
motor neurons of the anterior horns of the spinal cord
peripheral motor neuron
2 and 3 are correct
all of the above
none of the above
38. A change in the contour of the legs like an “overturned bottle” is caused by a change in muscle mass:
with amyotrophy Charcot-Marie-Tooth
for Erb's muscular dystrophy
for Becker-Kinner muscular dystrophy
with Kugelberg-Welander amyotropy
39. Pseudohypertrophy is observed in the following forms of muscular dystrophy:
Duchenne type
Becker type
Landouzy-Dejerine type
1 and 2 are correct
1 and 3 are correct
40. The clinical picture of a typical Huntington's disease, in addition to choreic hyperkinesis, includes:
rigidity
cog wheel sign
akinesia
hypomimia
dementia
41. Parkinson’s disease is manifested by the following syndromes:
choreoathetoid
akinetic-rigid
vestibulocerebellar
dentrubral
hyperekplexia
42. Arnold-Chiari malformation is a pathology in which there is:
fusion of cervical vertebrae
fusion of the first cervical vertebra with the occipital bone
downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils
cleft arch of the first cervical vertebra
all of the above
43. According to the modern classification of traumatic brain injury, the following are not distinguished:
mild brain contusion
compression of the brain due to epidural hematoma
severe concussion
compression of the brain due to its contusion
44. An open craniocerebral injury includes injury to:
with a bruised soft tissue wound without damage to the aponeurosis
with damage to the aponeurosis
with a fracture of the cranial vault
with a skull base fracture without liquorrhea
45. If, after a traumatic brain injury, neck rigidity and photophobia develop in the absence of focal symptoms, then the most likely diagnosis is:
concussion
subarachnoid hemorrhage
brain contusion
intracranial hematoma
46. Complication of traumatic brain injury with hemorrhage into the ventricles of the brain is characterized by the appearance in the clinical picture of:
floating gaze
hormetonic syndrome
hypercatabolic type of autonomic functions
disturbances of consciousness
bilateral pyramidal stop signs
47. Acute subdural hematoma on a computed tomogram is characterized by the zone:
homogeneous increase in density
homogeneous reduction in density
heterogeneous increase in density
cerebral edema
48. A traumatic brain injury is called penetrating:
with a bruised soft tissue wound
in case of damage to the aponeurosis
with a fracture of the cranial vault
with damage to the dura mater
for all the above options
49. Complete traumatic rupture of a peripheral nerve is characterized by:
pain when percussing along the nerve below the site of injury
parasthesia in the area of innervation of the damaged nerve
flaccid paralysis and anesthesia in the area of innervation of the damaged nerve
1 and 2 are correct
2 and 3 are correct
50. A tumor of the premotor region of the frontal lobe is characterized by:
hemiparesis with predominance in the leg
motor aphasia
adverse epileptic seizures
optic nerve atrophy on the side of the tumor
all of the above
51. Extramedullary tumors of the spinal cord are most often located on:
anterolateral surface
back surface
posterior and posterolateral surfaces
anterior surface
52. Arc-shaped destruction of the pyramid of the temporal bone and accompanying streaked arc-shaped petrification is a characteristic radiological sign:
Acoustic neuromas
trigeminal neuromas
53. Echo-encephaloscopy is most informative when localizing a tumor:
In the temporal lobe
in the posterior cranial fossa
in the brain stem
in the occipital lobe
54. Among tumors of the sella turcica region, calcification is most often observed:
in pituitary adenoma
in craniopharyngioma
in arachnoidendothelioma of the tubercle of the sella turcica
in optic nerve glioma
55. Early symptoms of arachnoidendothelioma of the tubercle of the sella include:
decreased sense of smell
headache
decreased vision
alternating Weber syndrome
all listed
56. Destruction of the apex of the temporal bone pyramid with clear edges of the defect (“chopped pyramid”) is a characteristic radiological sign:
Acoustic neuromas
trigeminal neuromas
cholesteatoma of the cerebellopontine angle
all listed neoplasms
57. The primary source of metastatic tumors of the central nervous system is often cancer:
mammary gland
prostate gland
58. Foster-Kennedy syndrome is characterized by:
atrophy and stagnation of the disc on the side of the tumor
atrophy and stagnation of the disc on both sides
disc atrophy on the side of the tumor
disc congestion on the side of the tumor and atrophy on the opposite side
59. Intracerebral stealing from the focus of ischemic stroke occurs as a result of:
disorders of autoregulation of blood circulation in the lesion
vasospasm of the affected area of the brain
vasospasm of undamaged parts of the brain
dilatation of “healthy” blood vessels in undamaged parts of the brain
opening of arteriovenous anastomosis
60. The following are not typical for migraine status:
a series of severe, successive attacks
repeated, repeated vomiting
tonic-clonic seizures
increased intracranial pressure
signs of irritation of the meninges
61. In case of parenchymal-subarachnoid hemorrhage, the following is mandatory:
loss of consciousness
bloody cerebrospinal fluid
mid-echo offset
contralateral hemiparesis
all of the above
62. Contraindications for transportation to a neurological hospital are:
loss of consciousness
psychomotor agitation
myocardial infarction
pulmonary edema
63. For the treatment of meningococcal meningitis, it is advisable to use:
clindamycin
tetracycline
erythromycin
kanamycin
chloramphenicol
64. An unconditional clinical sign of a fracture of the base of the skull is:
bleeding from the ear
liquorrhea from the ear
bloody cerebrospinal fluid
A and B are correct
all of the above
65. In the treatment of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, the following is used:
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
anabolic steroid drugs
synthetic glucocorticoids
estrogen steroid drugs
estrogenic nonsteroidal drugs
66. Non-convulsive forms of status epilepticus include all of the following paroxysmal manifestations, except:
myoclonic
"picwave stupor"
states of confusion
twilight state
67. Vegetative paroxysm is characterized by all of the following, except:
tachycardia
chilly trembling
oliguria
mydriasis
fear, anxiety
68. For frequent generalized seizures, at the beginning of treatment the following should be prescribed:
the maximum dose of one selected drug
the minimum dose of the selected drug and increase it gradually
a combination of minimal doses of two or three major antiepileptic drugs
combination of an average therapeutic dose of one main drug and one of the additional drugs
69. The use of carbamazepine is contraindicated in:
simple partials
absence seizures
generalized tonic-clonic
atonic
none of the above
70. Guillain-Barré polyneuropathy is characterized by:
cranial nerve damage
severe pelvic disorders
persistent bilateral symptoms
all of the above
2 and 3 are correct
71. Diabetic polyneuropathy is characterized by:
cranial nerve damage
Predominant damage to the nerves of the upper extremities
autonomic disorders
1 and 2 are correct
1 and 3 are correct
72. With neuropathy of the sciatic nerve the following is observed:
Wasserman's sign
loss of Achilles reflex
loss of knee reflex
all of the above
1 and 2 are correct
73. The most common causes of trigeminal neuralgia are:
diseases of the paranasal sinuses
compression of a nerve root by a tortuous vessel at the base of the brain
compression of nerve branches in the infraorbital space
all of the above
2 and 3 are correct
74. Increased intracranial pressure is indicated by everything except:
retinal pigmentary degeneration
papilledema
blurring of the edges of the optic nerve head
retinal edema and hemorrhage
progressive abducens neuropathy
75. To correct pathological muscle spasticity in cerebral palsy, it is advisable to prescribe:
pantogam
tizanidine
aminalon
76. The most common cause of hypothalamic syndrome at the age of 10-25 years is:
meningitis
encephalitis
cerebral hemorrhages
77. Cerebral obesity, in contrast to exogenous-constitutional obesity, is characterized by:
android nature of the distribution of adipose tissue
gynoid pattern of distribution of adipose tissue
menstrual irregularities and hypogonadism
hyperphagic stress response
all of the above
none of the above
78. A migraine attack with aura is distinguished from other forms of migraine by the presence of:
harbingers
bilateral localization of pain in the temporal region
vomiting at the height of the attack
transient focal neurological symptoms
excessive urination at the end of an attack
79. Ophthalmic aura during migraine is characterized by:
divergent strabismus
convergent strabismus
"flickering scotoma"
80. The main symptom of phantom pain syndrome is:
hyperesthesia in the limb stump
feeling of pain in a non-existent limb
swelling, cyanosis of the limb stump
4. all of the above
81. The symptom of “herniation” during lumbar puncture in a patient with a massive spinal process is characterized by:
increased radicular pain due to compression of the jugular veins
increase in neurological symptoms with pressure on the abdominal wall
increased radicular pain when bending the head forward
increase in neurological symptoms after puncture
82. Loss of consciousness during syncope usually lasts no more than:
83. The most effective drugs for relieving a migraine attack are:
triptans
vasodilators
antihistamines
antiserotonin
anticonvulsants
84. Stupor, in contrast to coma, is characterized by:
preservation of verbal contact
preservation of purposeful protective motor reactions
lack of purposeful protective motor reactions
lack of reactions to external stimuli
85. For a combination of seizures and generalized convulsive seizures, the drug of choice is:
carbamazepine
clonazepam
sodium valproate
phenobarbital
86. Among the following antiepileptic drugs, cortical functions are less inhibited:
carbamazepine
phenobarbital
benzonal
hexamidine
sodium valproateI
87. To prevent the teratogenic effect, patients taking antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy should be prescribed:
vitamin B1
vitamin B6
folic acid
ascorbic acid
all of the above
88. The most common cause of status epilepticus in children is:
alcohol withdrawal
sudden cessation of antiepileptic drugs
strokes
CNS infections
metabolic disorders
89. The question of stopping treatment with antiepileptic drugs can be considered if there have been no seizures at least:
90. When a stable clinical effect in the treatment of epilepsy is achieved, gradual withdrawal of the antiepileptic drug should be carried out during:
91. The manifestation of epileptic activity on the EEG is facilitated by:
rhythmic photostimulation
hyperventilation
sleep deprivation
sleep activation
all of the above
92. The decisive diagnostic sign of epileptic absence is:
the occurrence of multiple myoclonus
development of focal or generalized muscle atony
momentary loss of consciousness
symmetrical tonic spasm of the muscles of the limbs
93. Complex partial seizures of epilepsy differ from simple ones:
combination of motor and sensory symptoms
combination of autonomic and sensory symptoms
disturbance of consciousness
all of the above
1 and 2 are correct
94. In the presence of myoclonic seizures, the following should be prescribed:
phenobarbital
sodium valproate
carbamazepine
nitrazepam
Topamax
any of the above
95. Computed tomography of the brain does not allow:
differentiate the histological structure of the tumor
differentiate gray and white matter of the brain
determine the state of the liquor pathways
identify areas of ischemia and hemorrhage
determine the area of perifocal edema
96. Of decisive importance in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms is:
scintigraphy
angiography
CT scan
rheoencephalography
97. Drugs that reduce the depth of sleep should be given for enuresis:
in the morning and in the evening
during the whole day
morning and afternoon
98. For subarachnoid hemorrhage from an aneurysm, the most effective:
strict bed rest
antifibrinolytics
calcium antagonists
removal of spilled blood using repeated lumbar punctures
early clipping of aneurysm
99. The development of Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome (acute adrenal insufficiency) is typical for severe cases:
staphylococcal meningitis
pneumococcal meningitis
meningitis caused by the Coxsackie virus
meningococcal meningitis
lymphocytic choriomeningitis
100. It is not typical for acute tick-borne encephalitis:
peak incidence in the autumn-winter period
absence of meningeal syndrome
decreased intracranial pressure
flaccid paresis and paralysis of the muscles of the shoulder girdle
neutrophilic cytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Test answers: Neurology test questions
