Retinol acetate (vitamin A) for adults and children – why is it important for vision and body growth? Features of the use of Retinol (retinol acetate) for dermatological diseases.

Retinol is a fat-soluble vitamin that is widely used in cosmetology. It can be found in anti-aging creams, hair and nail treatments. Many anti-acne lotions also contain vitamin A (retinol). But it is not advisable to use products with it without consulting a specialist. The substance may cause harm to the body.

History of discovery

Vitamin A was discovered in 1913. Then a group of scientists came to the conclusion that chicken yolk and butter contain a substance due to which animal growth occurs at an accelerated pace. It does not react with alkalis and is not pollinated by fractions. The new product was called "fat soluble factor A." Already in 1916 it was renamed vitamin A (retinol).

In the first half of the last century, it was found that the lack of sufficient amounts of vitamin A in the daily diet leads to decreased immunity. grow, and in adults, hair falls out and nails peel off, and vision deteriorates significantly. Retinol has begun to be added to many medical and cosmetic preparations. Feedback from patients showed that their health and appearance improved after just a week of use.

Properties

In its pure form, retinol is a yellow crystalline substance. This vitamin is fat soluble. The vitamin can accumulate in significant quantities in the liver. Therefore, if you decide to use retinol, the instructions must be followed. In each specific case, the dosage will be different. But you shouldn’t use retinol in large quantities to achieve good results faster.

Vitamin A occurs naturally. For example, carrots contain retinol in large quantities. Reviews show that daily consumption of this vegetable helps improve vision and skin condition. There are also varieties of vitamin A that can only be obtained artificially. Such synthetic isomers have virtually no side effects, therefore they are widely used in cosmetology.

Effect on skin cells

The cosmetic properties of retinol are based on its effect on epidermal cells. Vitamin A leads to various skin changes. If done correctly, these changes will be positive. But independent use of retinol can lead to severe irritation and even burns.

Skin cells contain retinoid receptors. When interacting with vitamin A, a change in the metabolic activity of cells occurs. This means that it has a stimulating effect on skin cells. The regeneration process is taking place. It is no coincidence that retinol is used to treat acne. Instructions for use of drugs containing this substance describe the stages and procedure for skin treatment. Before using the product, be sure to read the insert. The stimulating effect of vitamin A persists for another 4 months after the end of the course of its use. Therefore, it cannot be used continuously.

The substance helps normalize the processes of keratinocyte differentiation, helps cure acne and makes the skin more elastic. Patients manage to successfully treat seborrhea using retinol. The oil solution is best used in winter. Vitamin A can cause skin photosensitivity.

Retinoic peeling

Vitamin A is widely used both in home and salon cosmetology. Among women over 30 years of age, a procedure called retinoic peeling is very popular. It can only be performed by a specialist in a properly equipped office. In order to remove small facial wrinkles, stretch marks, and acne marks, retinol is used. The solution is prepared by a cosmetologist immediately before the procedure.

It is absolutely painless. A special solution is applied to problem areas and waited for a certain period of time. The duration of the procedure depends on the problem that needs to be solved. Severe stretch marks or acne scars can be removed in just a few sessions. Retinoic peeling is recommended to be performed during the cold season. Immediately after the procedure, slight redness appears on the skin, which disappears the next day.

Retinol in the pharmacy

The vitamin is presented in pharmacies in the form of the drug “Retinol acetate”. It has wide application and can be prescribed to both adults and children. Only the dosage will differ. For normal growth and development of the body, retinol is primarily needed. Instructions for use of the above product describe its effect on the human body. The oil solution helps increase skin resistance to harmful environmental factors and accelerates regeneration processes.

The drug "Retinol acetate" can be used both externally and internally. An oil solution in capsules can eliminate vitamin A deficiency, which was caused by poor nutrition. For children, the drug is most often prescribed in early spring, during the period of vitamin deficiency. The drug helps strengthen the bone system and improve vision.

You should not use products containing retinol without a doctor's recommendation. Instructions for the use of drugs containing this component describe the indications and dosage in various cases. But the individual characteristics of the body should also be taken into account. Retinol is adsorbed in the small intestine and is semi-removed from the body only after 9 hours. Since vitamin A accumulates in the body, it can only be used in courses.

"Retinol acetate." Method of use

The drug is intended for oral and external use. Patients suffering from hypovitaminosis should take the drug orally. A product containing retinol, produced in capsules, is ideal. Its use must be strictly according to the instructions. Adults are prescribed one capsule twice a day. The drug should be taken 20-30 minutes after meals.

If you want to use it, it is better to choose an oil solution containing it. A few drops are applied to problem areas of the skin twice a day. Treatment of extensive acne can be supplemented by the use of vitamin A orally. In this case, the doctor will determine the correct dosage.

The substance is also successfully used in the treatment of burns. In this case, compresses are performed with an oil solution. "Retinol acetate" is applied to the affected area and covered with a gauze bandage. At the initial stage, compresses need to be changed several times a day.

Children and pregnant women

Preparations containing vitamin A are not prescribed to children under seven years of age. In rare cases, retinol may be used to treat skin conditions. The instructions for use state that products containing this substance can only be used externally for children. The dosage will be minimal. For children over seven years old, it should not exceed 4 drops per day.

During pregnancy, the use of retinol is not prohibited. But it should be borne in mind that vitamin A can also be supplied to the fetus through food. To avoid overdose, the daily dose of retinol should not exceed 1 drop of oil solution. No studies have been conducted on the use of the vitamin during lactation.

Application in cosmetology. Reviews

Due to the fact that vitamin A promotes skin cell regeneration, it is widely used in various cosmetic products. Girls even add retinol to the cream at home. Reviews show that the vitamin helps quickly get rid of acne and the first signs of skin aging.

Professional cosmetologists leave mixed reviews about retinol. On the one hand, this vitamin is simply necessary for cell regeneration and youthful skin. On the other hand, retinol should be used with caution. After all, it can lead to severe irritation. Therefore, the use of drugs containing this substance without consulting a specialist at home is unacceptable. But high-quality creams with vitamin A, according to cosmetologists, will have a positive effect on the skin. And if the product is selected by a professional, an excellent anti-aging effect is guaranteed.

Retinol acetate for hair

It affects not only the health of the skin, but also the hair. Representatives of the fair sex especially notice this. At the beginning of spring, hair becomes dull and brittle and begins to fall out. Retinol promotes the normal functioning of the sebaceous glands, accelerates the production of keratin, and this substance is the main building material for hair.

The drug "Retinol acetate" for hair can be used in various ways. Masks with an oil solution are effective. Add 5 ml of solution to one liter of water. The product is applied to dry hair. Next, wrap the head in cling film and wait about an hour. The mask is easily washed off with warm water and shampoo. Additionally, the drug "Retinol acetate" can be used internally. It is very important to follow the instructions carefully.

Precautionary measures

Cosmetics containing retinol often cause dry skin and irritation. The body should be accustomed to vitamin A gradually. If you use a cream with it, then at first apply it only a few times a week. Cosmetics with retinol are used in courses. Do not forget that vitamin A accumulates in the body.

Products with retinol should not be applied to the skin before going outside. Under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, the substance oxidizes and becomes more aggressive. You may get severe burns. In general, treatment using the drug “Retinol acetate” is best carried out in the cold season. If this is not possible, use the product at night.

How to store it correctly

Vitamin A molecules oxidize very quickly under the influence of environmental factors. Therefore, it is worth storing preparations that contain retinol in a place well protected from light. Particular attention should also be paid to the packaging. It is not advisable to purchase the drug in a transparent container. No one can know how the product was stored before it reached the pharmacy. Retinol does not change its properties under the influence of temperatures. Therefore, there is no need to store drugs containing it in the refrigerator.

Fat-soluble vitamins are simply irreplaceable for the skin, which is why the medical drug Retinol acetate is especially popular. Essentially, this is a solution of retinol, which has found its distribution in modern cosmetology. The vitamin is used not only during seasonal vitamin deficiency, but also for problems of brittle nails, pale hair, and dermis. Before taking vitamin A in oil, it is recommended to additionally consult with a dermatologist, cosmetologist, talk with your doctor, and study the instructions for use of the drug.

What is Retinol Acetate

An oil solution of vitamin A is used in cosmetology, it increases the tone of the dermis and ensures its aesthetic appearance. Retinol acetate is a fat-soluble natural component that stimulates the body's metabolic processes at the cellular level. This prescription is appropriate for modern medicine for liver dysfunction, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract - impaired intestinal adsorption of retinol. In cosmetology, this is a highly effective dermatological drug aimed at productive restoration of the upper layer of the epidermis.

Compound

Vitamin A in liquid form has a natural component of the same name, which stimulates the biochemical processes of the body. When taken orally, it reaches the maximum concentration in plasma after 3-4 hours, when administered intramuscularly - after 1-2 hours. The half-life process is observed in the liver, while retinol acetate is excreted partly unchanged and partly by the kidneys as inactive metabolites. Vitamin retinol has a wide spectrum of action in a weakened body, so it would not hurt to include it in preventive measures against diseases of the skin and gastrointestinal tract.

pharmachologic effect

You can buy retinol acetate at any pharmacy, but it doesn’t hurt to first study its effect on the human body. For example, vitamin A effectively relieves pain, reduces the number of headache attacks, and helps quickly get rid of irritability and other signs of instability of the central nervous system. Other pharmacological properties of retinol acetate for the skin and the whole body are detailed below:

normalizes the growth and physical development of the body;
stimulates sexual function;
increases the stability of the immune system when exposed to external stimuli;
stimulates the processes of regeneration and epithelization;
treats diseases of the liver and digestive system when intestinal absorption is impaired.

Release form

A solution with the same active ingredient retinol acetate is available in several forms, including ampoules for intramuscular injections, granules, dragees and capsules for internal use by mouth. At high concentrations of retinol acetate, it is necessary not to violate the prescribed doses and to avoid cases of overdose. There are also drops of fat-soluble vitamin A that can be used orally.

Application

You can buy fat-soluble vitamin A at any pharmacy, but it is important to first discuss with your doctor an intensive therapy regimen for adults and children. The treatment provides maximum effect if you strictly follow all the doctor’s recommendations, method of application, and daily dosages. This prescription is appropriate for the following clinical cases, with such diseases of the body:

ophthalmology: eczematous lesions of the eyelids and cornea, conjunctivitis, xerophthalmia, superficial keratitis, hemeralopia;
urinary system: liver cirrhosis, formation of stones in the urinary tract, vitamin deficiency and hypovitaminosis A;
dermatology: collagenosis, hypotrophy, increased sensitivity of the upper layer of the epidermis, pyoderma;
respiratory system: extensive damage to the lungs and bronchi, pneumonia, acute respiratory diseases.

In cosmetology

Retinol acetate solution is recommended for use as an external agent for the restoration and rejuvenation of the skin. A few drops on the dermis, and bags under the eyes, increased swelling, and irritation disappear. Retinol acetate can be prescribed for aging skin to increase its tone, elasticity, provide a natural tone and stimulate local blood flow to problem areas. Vitamin A can be prescribed to a patient for skin diseases, but only by the attending physician. Indications for the use of retinol acetate are as follows:

acne;
impaired sebum production;
increased number of skin microbes;
the appearance of small wrinkles;
impaired production of collagen and elastin.

What is the difference between Retinol acetate and Retinol palmitate?

Beneficial retinoids are found in many medications. These are Retinol acetate and Retinol palmitate. In the first case, we are talking about a salt of acetic acid, which is not produced by the human body. In the second - about physiological saturated acid, which the organic resource urgently needs, but in an unconcentrated form. Retinol palmitate is considered a synthetic compound more acceptable to the body, which is directly involved in metabolic processes.

Instructions for use

Retinol acetate can be prescribed as an oral and external remedy. Superficial self-medication is not encouraged, since the instructions indicate contraindications and side effects. Before ordering the drug, the patient requires additional consultation with a specialist, an integrated approach to the health problem that has arisen. The release form depends on the clinical situation, age - adult patient or child. Local recommendations are detailed below.

Oil solution

This convenient form of release is actively used for facial problems and other skin pathologies. The dermatologist strongly recommends using retinol acetate 5-10 drops externally, twice a day - morning and evening. To enhance the desired cosmetic effect, simultaneous intake with vitamin B2 is encouraged. The daily dose of retinol acetate is no more than 20 mg of the oil base per day.

Capsules

Reviews from patients report that oral administration of the medication also has a beneficial effect on overall health. It is recommended to use 1 capsule of retinol acetate in the morning and evening. It is advisable to drink a single dose 10 minutes after a meal with water. If you overestimate the recommended doses of this medication, side effects in the form of increased drowsiness and depression of the central nervous system cannot be ruled out. In the latter case, it is prohibited to continue taking the pills.

Pregnancy and lactation

The drug is inexpensive, but its purchase must be previously agreed with the attending physician. For example, with great caution, a specialist will recommend retinol acetate to pregnant and lactating women. And in the first trimester of pregnancy it is generally not recommended to use it for treatment and rejuvenation. The active component poses a threat to intrauterine development and is excreted in moderate portions in breast milk. The maximum permissible dose is 1 drop of oil solution.

Side effects

Retinol acetate is well tolerated by the body at any age, has an imperceptible effect, and extremely rarely causes side effects. An exception is the hypersensitivity of the organic resource to the active substances of vitamin A, as a result of which unpleasant signs of hypovitaminosis A increase. The pathology is manifested by the following changes in the general condition of the clinical patient:

migraine attacks;
irritability;
increased sweating;
pain in the bones of the lower extremities;
increased drowsiness;
hyperthermia;
oliguria and exanthema.

In such cases, further use of retinol acetate must be stopped immediately and unscheduled consultation with your doctor. There are two options for the development of events - reduce the recommended daily dose of vitamin A, introduce a replacement and take advantage of the pharmacological properties of no less effective analogues. All synonyms contain retinol acetate, but in varying concentrations.

Contraindications

Before taking even a milligram of retinol acetate, you need to carefully read the instructions included in the package. Pay special attention to medical contraindications, which significantly reduce the number of patients who can inexpensively buy vitamin A and undergo treatment. The restrictions are detailed below and must be additionally discussed with your doctor. So, the use of retinol acetate is not recommended in the following clinical situations:

increased sensitivity of the body;
children under 7 years of age;
heart failure stage of decompensation;
chronic nephritis;
cholelithiasis;
hypervitaminosis A;
inflammatory processes of the skin.

Drug interactions

The cost of a typical drug is low, so retinol acetate is often included in a complex treatment regimen. This is where you need to remember about drug interactions, which can significantly worsen the general condition of a clinical patient. However, doctors in separate duets do not exclude the positive dynamics of the underlying disease. For example, retinol acetate is not recommended to be combined with similar vitamins, since signs of hypervitaminosis A develop. In combination with carotenoids, the immunobiological functions of the body rapidly increase.

Name:

Retinol acetate

Pharmachologic effect:

Retinol acetate (vitamin A) is a fat-soluble vitamin that takes part in metabolism. Vitamin A is necessary for normal growth and development of the body, supports visual function, stimulates the processes of regeneration and epithelization, improves the nonspecific immune response and increases the body's resistance to adverse environmental conditions.

Retinol acetate oil solution eliminates vitamin A deficiency, which is caused by poor nutrition, diseases of the digestive tract (in which intestinal absorption of retinol is reduced) and liver.

Retinol acetate is absorbed in the upper parts of the small intestine. Peak plasma concentrations of retinol when taken orally are achieved within 4 hours. The drug creates high concentrations of vitamin A in the retina and liver, slightly lower concentrations are observed in the kidneys, fat depots, and endocrine glands.

Excreted by the kidneys in the form of metabolites and the liver unchanged, the half-life of retinol reaches 9 hours.

Indications for use:

Retinol acetate solution is used in complex therapy of patients with rickets, acute diseases of the lungs and bronchi, malnutrition, collagenosis, skin lesions (as a means of stimulating regeneration and epithelization), as well as acute respiratory diseases occurring against the background of exudative diathesis.

Vitamin A can also be prescribed in the complex therapy of erosive-ulcerative and inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and cirrhosis of the liver.

Retinol acetate is prescribed as a prophylactic agent to patients with an increased risk of stone formation in the urinary tract.

Method of application:

The drug Retinol acetate is intended for oral and external use. It is recommended to take the drug orally 10-15 minutes after eating.

Adults with vitamin A deficiency are usually prescribed 1-2 drops of the drug twice or thrice a day orally.

Adults with skin diseases are usually prescribed 5-10 drops of the drug twice a day (in combination with vitamin B2 in a daily dose of 20 mg) orally.

For skin lesions, external application of the solution under a gauze bandage is prescribed up to 6 times a day (in combination with oral vitamin A).

Children with skin diseases are usually prescribed 1-2 drops of the drug per day orally depending on their age.

Adverse events:

Retinol acetate, as a rule, is well tolerated by patients; there is evidence of isolated cases of hypersensitivity reactions that require discontinuation of the drug.

With prolonged therapy with vitamin A (especially when using high doses), chronic overdose and hypervitaminosis A may develop, the symptoms of which are headache, pain in the bones of the lower extremities, drowsiness, irritability, hyperthermia, excessive sweating, oliguria and exanthema.

If these symptoms develop, you should immediately stop taking Retinol acetate and consult a doctor.

Contraindications:

Retinol acetate is not prescribed to patients with individual hypersensitivity to vitamin A and soybean oil.

Oral use of the drug is contraindicated in children under 7 years of age.

Caution should be exercised when prescribing retinol acetate to patients suffering from acute and chronic forms of nephritis and decompensated heart failure.

During pregnancy:

Particular care should be taken when prescribing Retinol acetate in the first trimester of pregnancy (the intake of vitamin A from food and other sources should be taken into account due to the development of the teratogenic effect of retinol acetate). The maximum recommended daily dose for pregnant women in the second and third trimester is 5000 IU (1 drop of Retinol acetate solution).

There is no data on the use of an oil solution during lactation.

Interaction with other drugs:

With the combined use of a solution of Retinol acetate with petroleum jelly, a decrease in the absorption of vitamin A in the intestine is observed.

With the simultaneous use of retinol acetate with some carotenoids, an improvement in the immunobiological functions of the body is noted and the process of epithelial malignancy slows down.

The combined use of a solution of oily Retinol acetate with other medications containing vitamin A is prohibited.

Overdose:

When using high doses of retinol acetate, patients may develop headache, vomiting, drowsiness, ataxia, irritability and pain in the bones of the lower legs.

There is no specific antidote. In case of an overdose of retinol acetate, you should stop using the drug and consult your doctor. To treat an overdose, laxatives are prescribed. In case of retinol acetate poisoning, symptomatic therapy and forced diuresis may be prescribed.

Release form of the drug:

Oil solution for oral and external use, 10 ml in dark glass bottles, 1 bottle in a cardboard box.

Storage conditions:

The oil solution of retinol acetate is stored for no more than 2 years after release in rooms with a temperature of 8 to 15 °C.

Compound:

1 ml of Retinol acetate solution contains:

Vitamin A (retinol acetate) – 100000 IU (0.0344 g),

Additional components.

1 drop of Retinol acetate solution contains:

Vitamin A (retinol acetate) – 5000 IU,

Additional components.

Drugs with similar effects:

Immunovit Quertin Ascozin Wolvit Cocarboxylase hydrochloride

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Compound

active substance: retinol acetate solution in oil – 5000 IU or 33000 IU;

excipient: sunflower oil.

Composition of the soft gelatin capsule shell: gelatin, glycerin, methyl parahydroxybenzoate

Description

yellow spherical soft gelatin capsules. The contents of the capsules are an oily liquid from greenish-yellow to golden-yellow in color.

pharmachologic effect

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin. Due to the large number of unsaturated bonds, it plays an important role in redox processes and participates in the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, proteins, and lipids. Retinol plays an important role in maintaining the normal condition of the skin and epithelium of the mucous membranes, ensuring normal differentiation of epithelial tissue, and in photoreception processes (promotes human adaptation to darkness). Retinol is involved in mineral metabolism, the processes of cholesterol formation, enhances the production of lipase and trypsin, enhances myelopoiesis, cell division processes; necessary for bone growth, normal reproductive function, embryonic development. The local effect is mediated by the presence of specific retinol-binding receptors on the surface of epithelial cells. Inhibits the processes of keratinization, enhances the proliferation of epithelial cells, rejuvenates cell populations and reduces the number of cells that follow the path of terminal differentiation.

Pharmacokinetics

When taken orally, the drug is absorbed almost completely; even with excessive administration, no more than 10% of the administered amount is excreted in the feces. During metabolism, retinyl palmitate, retinol, retinal and retinoic acid are formed. It is distributed unevenly in the body: the largest amount is in the liver and retina, the smaller amount is in the kidneys, heart, fat depots, lungs, lactating mammary gland, adrenal glands and other endocrine glands. The predominant form of deposition is retinol palmitate. Retinol, retinal, retinoic acid are secreted by hepatocytes in the bile, retinoyl glucuronide is excreted in the urine. Elimination of retinol is slow, so repeated doses lead to accumulation, and the undesirable effects of hypervitaminosis A persist for a long time.

Indications for use

Hypo- and vitamin A deficiency, as well as states of increased body need for vitamin A:

Eye diseases (retinitis pigmentosa, xerophthalmia, hemeralopia, superficial keratitis, corneal lesions, conjunctivitis, pyoderma and eczematous eyelid lesions);

As part of complex therapy for rickets, acute respiratory diseases, acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases; inflammatory and ulcerative-erosive lesions of the intestine;

For pathological skin processes (frostbite, burns, wounds, ichthyosis, dyskeratosis follicularis, senile keratosis, skin tuberculosis, some forms of eczema, psoriasis).

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, hypervitaminosis A, pregnancy (first trimester), children under 10 years of age, cholelithiasis, chronic pancreatitis.

Caution: alcoholism, liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, renal failure, old age, acute inflammatory skin diseases, heart failure of II-III degree.

Pregnancy and lactation

The drug is contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy. In the II and III trimesters of pregnancy (especially in multiple pregnancies), during lactation it should be taken without exceeding the recommended dose.

Experiments on animals revealed that the drug had fetotoxic effects - malformations of the intrauterine development of the central nervous system, spine, chest, heart, eyes, palate, and genitals.

Currently, there is no information about adverse effects when taking the drug in the II-III trimesters of pregnancy in recommended daily doses (vitamin A crosses the placenta in small quantities). However, it should be borne in mind that if the recommended doses are exceeded, the fetus may develop malformations of the urinary system, intrauterine growth retardation, and early closure of the epiphyseal growth zones. To avoid the risk of fetotoxic effects, pregnant women and nursing mothers should not exceed the maximum recommended dose of 5000 IU/day.

The teratogenic effect of increased doses of retinol persists even after stopping its use, therefore it is recommended to plan pregnancy when using the drug only after 6-12 months.

Directions for use and doses

The use of the drug should be carried out under the supervision of a physician. Inside, 10-15 minutes after eating.

For mild to moderate vitamin deficiencies in adults– 33000 IU/day; children over 10 years old– 5000 IU/day until recovery.

For vitamin deficiencies with xerophthalmia, hemeralopia in adults– 99,000 IU/day for 3 days, then 50,000 IU/day for 14 days and for 4-8 weeks, 10,000-20,000 IU/day.

For skin diseases in adults– 33000-99000 IU/day; children over 10 years old– 5000 IU/day.

The duration of the course of treatment and the dose of the drug are determined by the attending physician individually for each patient.

To avoid the risk of teratogenic effects, pregnant women should not exceed the maximum recommended dose of 5000 IU/day.

Side effect

From the digestive system: loss of appetite, dry mouth, stomach pain, vomiting, nausea.

From the liver and biliary system: hepatotoxic phenomena, portal hypertension.

From the skin and subcutaneous tissue: cracks and dryness of the skin, lips, yellow-orange spots on the soles, palms, in the area of the nasolabial triangle, subcutaneous swelling; in some cases, on the first day of use, itchy maculopapular rashes may occur, which requires discontinuation of the drug.

From the nervous system: asthenia, excessive fatigue, drowsiness, discomfort, headache, irritability, intraocular hypertension, blurred vision, gait disturbance.

From the endocrine system: Oligomenorrhea.

From the urinary system: pollakiuria, nocturia, polyuria.

From the blood system: hemolytic anemia.

From the musculoskeletal system: bone pain, changes in bone radiographs, cramps.

Other: hyperthermia, hair loss, photosensitivity, weight loss, hypercalcemia.

With a reduction in dose or after temporary discontinuation of the drug, side effects disappear on their own.

For skin diseases, the use of high doses of the drug after 7-10 days of treatment may be accompanied by an exacerbation of the local inflammatory reaction, which does not require additional treatment and subsequently decreases. This effect is associated with the myelo- and immunostimulating effects of the drug.

Overdose

Symptoms:

In adults: severe headache, dizziness; drowsiness, confusion, visual disturbances, convulsions, uncontrollable vomiting, profuse diarrhea, severe dehydration, irritability; on the second day a widespread rash appears, followed by large-plate peeling, starting from the face; bleeding gums, dryness and ulceration of the oral mucosa, peeling of the lips, palpation of long tubular bones is sharply painful due to subperiosteal hemorrhages, changes in bone, soft tissue;

In children: anxiety, excitement, insomnia during the first day, sometimes drowsiness appears, fever up to 39ºC, vomiting, protrusion of the large fontanelle, signs of suffocation.

Treatment: drug withdrawal; There is no specific antidote, symptomatic therapy.

Interaction with other drugs

Estrogens and oral contraceptives containing them enhance the absorption of retinol, which can lead to the development of hypervitaminosis A. Cholestyramine, colestipol, mineral oils, neomycin reduce the absorption of vitamin A (increasing its dose may be required). Nitrites interfere with the absorption of retinol. During long-term therapy with tetracyclines, it is not recommended to prescribe vitamin A in high doses (50,000 IU or higher) due to an increased risk of developing intracranial hypertension. Retinol weakens the effect of Ca 2+ drugs and increases the risk of developing hypercalcemia. Isotretinoin increases the risk of toxic effects. Vitamin E reduces the toxicity, absorption, hepatic storage and utilization of vitamin A; high doses of vitamin E can reduce vitamin A stores in the body. Retinol reduces (mutually) the danger of hypervitaminosis D. Corticosteroids and alcohol consumption reduce the therapeutic effect of the drug. Abuse of alcohol and tobacco interferes with the absorption of the drug from the gastrointestinal tract.

(Retinol acetate)

Retinol acetate

Active substance

Retinol*

ATX

A11CA01 Retinol (vitamin A)

Pharmacological group

Vitamins and vitamin-like products

pharmachologic effect

Retinol acetate (vitamin A) is a fat-soluble vitamin that takes part in metabolism. Vitamin A is needed for normal growth and development of the body, supports visual function, stimulates the processes of regeneration and epithelization, improves the nonspecific immune response and increases the body's resistance to adverse environmental conditions.
Retinol acetate oil solution eliminates vitamin A deficiency, which is caused by poor nutrition, diseases of the digestive tract (in which intestinal absorption of retinol is reduced) and liver.
Retinol acetate is absorbed in the upper parts of the small intestine. Peak plasma concentrations of retinol when taken orally are achieved within 4 hours. The drug creates high concentrations of vitamin A in the retina and liver, slightly lower concentrations are observed in the kidneys, fat depots, and endocrine glands.
Excreted by the kidneys in the form of metabolites and the liver unchanged, the half-life of retinol reaches 9 hours.

Indications for use

Retinol acetate is intended for the treatment of patients suffering from hypo- and vitamin A deficiency, retinitis pigmentosa, xerophthalmia, superficial keratitis, hemeralopia, conjunctivitis, pyoderma, corneal lesions and eczematous eyelid lesions.
Retinol acetate solution is used in complex therapy of patients with rickets, acute diseases of the lungs and bronchi, malnutrition, skin lesions (as a means of stimulating regeneration and epithelization), as well as acute respiratory diseases occurring against the background of exudative.
Vitamin A can also be prescribed in the complex therapy of erosive-ulcerative and inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and cirrhosis of the liver.
Retinol acetate is prescribed as a prophylactic agent for patients with an increased risk of stone formation in the urinary tract.

Mode of application

The drug Retinol acetate is intended for oral and external use. The drug is recommended to be taken orally 10-15 minutes after a meal.
Adults with vitamin A deficiency are generally prescribed 1-2 drops twice or thrice a day orally.
Adults with skin diseases are generally prescribed 5-10 drops of the medicine twice a day (in combination with vitamin B2 in a daily dose of 20 mg) orally.
For skin lesions, external application of the solution under a gauze bandage is prescribed up to 6 times a day (in combination with oral vitamin A).
Children with skin diseases are mainly prescribed 1-2 drops of medicine per day orally depending on their age.
The highest recommended single dosage for adults is 50,000 IU (10 drops of Retinol acetate solution).
The highest recommended single dosage for children over 7 years of age is 5000 IU (1 drop of Retinol acetate solution).
The highest recommended daily dosage for adults is 100,000 IU (20 drops of Retinol acetate solution).
The highest recommended daily dosage for children over 7 years of age is 20,000 IU (4 drops of Retinol acetate solution).

Side effects

Retinol acetate is generally well tolerated by patients; there is evidence of isolated cases of hypersensitivity reactions that require discontinuation of the drug.
With prolonged therapy with vitamin A (especially when using high doses), chronic overdose and hypervitaminosis A are likely to develop, the symptoms of which are headache, pain in the bones of the lower extremities, drowsiness, irritability, excessive sweating, etc.
If these symptoms develop, you should immediately stop taking Retinol acetate and consult a doctor.

Contraindications

Retinol acetate is not prescribed to patients with individual hypersensitivity to vitamin A and soybean oil.
Oral use of the medicine is contraindicated in children under 7 years of age.
Caution should be exercised when prescribing retinol acetate to patients suffering from acute and chronic forms of nephritis and decompensated heart failure.

Pregnancy

Particular care should be taken when prescribing the drug Retinol acetate in the first trimester of pregnancy (the intake of vitamin A from food and other sources should be taken into account in connection with the development of the teratogenic effect of retinol acetate). The highest recommended daily dosage for pregnant women in the second and third trimester is 5000 IU (1 drop of Retinol acetate solution).
There is no data on the use of an oil solution during lactation.

Interaction with other drugs

When using a solution of Retinol acetate in combination with petroleum jelly, a decrease in the absorption of vitamin A in the intestine is observed.
With the simultaneous use of retinol acetate with some carotenoids, an improvement in the immunobiological functions of the body is noted and the process of epithelial malignancy slows down.
The combined use of a solution of oily Retinol acetate with other medications containing vitamin A is prohibited.

Overdose

When using high doses of retinol acetate, patients are likely to develop headaches, vomiting, drowsiness, irritability, and pain in the bones of the lower legs.
There is no specific antidote. If you overdose on retinol acetate, you should stop using the medication and consult your doctor. To treat an overdose, laxatives are prescribed. In case of retinol acetate poisoning, symptomatic therapy and forced diuresis are likely to be prescribed.

Release form

Oil solution for oral and external use, 10 ml in dark glass bottles, 1 bottle in a cardboard box.

Storage conditions

The oil solution of retinol acetate should be stored for no more than 2 years after release in rooms with a temperature of 8 to 15 degrees Celsius.

Compound

1 ml of Retinol acetate solution contains:
Vitamin A (retinol acetate) – 100,000 IU (0.0344 g);
Additional components.
1 drop of Retinol acetate solution contains:
Vitamin A (retinol acetate) – 5000 IU;
Additional components.