Is a sympathetic person a moral person? (School essays). Moral man

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov

Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.
My wife, covering her face with a veil,
In the evening I went to see my lover.
I sneaked into his house with the police
And he caught... He called - I didn’t fight!
She went to bed and died
Tormented by shame and sadness...

I had a daughter; fell in love with the teacher
And she wanted to run away with him rashly.
I threatened her with a curse: she resigned herself
And she married a gray-haired rich man.
And the house was brilliant and full like a cup;
But suddenly Masha began to turn pale and fade away
And a year later she died of consumption,
Having struck the whole house with deep sadness...
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life...

I gave the peasant as a cook,
It was a success; a good cook is happiness!
But he often left the yard
And I call it an indecent addiction
Had: loved to read and reason.
I, tired of threatening and scolding,
Fatherly flogged him with a canal;
He drowned himself, he was crazy!
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.

My friend did not present the debt to me on time.
I hinted to him in a friendly way,
I left it to the law to judge us;
The law sentenced him to prison.
He died in it without paying altyn,
But I’m not angry, even though I have a reason to be angry!
I forgave him the debt on the same date,
Honoring him with tears and sadness...
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.

In the mid-forties, Nekrasov began to depict contemporary reality in his lyrics and fell in love with portraying notorious scoundrels as the main characters, telling their biographies in poems. The first such portrait was given in “Modern Ode” (1845). Its hero is a swindler and a careerist who shamelessly robs defenseless citizens and is ready to sacrifice the honor of his own daughter for the sake of promotion. In the same year, 1845, the poems “Official” (about a bribe taker) and “Lullaby Song” (about a hereditary thief) were born. A couple of years later, Nikolai Alekseevich wrote “A Moral Man,” thereby continuing the gallery of images of scoundrels. The main character of the work is a man who believes that he lives “according to strict morality” and does no harm to anyone.

The text is divided into four parts. Each stanza is a first-person story. In the first ten lines, the character talks about how he treated his own wife. His wife cheated on him, and he decided to take revenge. As a result, the disgraced woman fell ill from grief and died. In the second part, the hero talks about his daughter. The girl had the imprudence to fall in love with the teacher, and even wanted to run away with him. Her father threatened her with a curse and forced her to marry a wealthy old man. The result - the unfortunate girl died of consumption. The third stanza talks about a peasant whom the hero of the poem helped to become a cook. The serf learned to cook well, but there was a catch - he became too addicted to reading, began to think and reason a lot. For educational purposes, the “moral man” flogged him. The ending of the story is that the cook drowned himself. In the fourth and final part, the character talks about a friend to whom he first lent money, and then put him in prison for debts. The borrower died there.

At the end of each stanza two lines are repeated:

Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.

The hero of the poem sincerely believes that his actions are completely justified, that there is nothing wrong with them. The logic of the character’s thoughts is easy to understand: if his wife had not cheated, he would not have had to die disgraced; If the daughter had not fallen in love with someone of lower social status, she would have lived happily in an unequal marriage; If the peasant would not have argued with the master, he would not have drowned himself; If my friend had repaid his debt, he would not have gone to prison. Nekrasov’s “moral person” does not consider himself to blame for other people’s troubles, but that’s not what’s scary. The scary thing is that society supports him and others like him.

Living according to strict morals,

My wife, covering her face with a veil,
In the evening I went to my lover;
I sneaked into his house with the police
And he convicted... He called out: I didn’t fight!
She went to bed and died
Tormented by shame and sadness...

I have never done harm to anyone in my life.

I had a daughter; fell in love with the teacher
And she wanted to run away with him rashly.
I threatened her with a curse: she resigned herself
And she married a gray-haired rich man.
Their house was brilliant and full like a cup;
But suddenly Masha began to turn pale and fade away
And a year later she died of consumption,
Having struck the whole house with deep sadness...
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life...

I gave the peasant as a cook:
It was a success; a good cook is happiness!
But he often left the yard
And I call it an indecent addiction
Had: loved to read and reason.
I, tired of threatening and scolding,
Fatherly flogged him with a canal,
He drowned himself: he was crazy!
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.

My friend did not present the debt to me on time.
I hinted to him in a friendly way,
I left it to the law to judge us:
The law sentenced him to prison.
He died in it without paying altyn,
But I’m not angry, even though I have a reason to be angry!
I forgave him the debt on the same date,
Honoring him with tears and sadness...
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.

Analysis of the poem “Moral Man” by Nekrasov

N. Nekrasov became famous for his works in the genre of civil lyrics, the main motive of which was to expose the main social vices. At the same time, the main theme for the poet was the protection of the lower strata of society. The overwhelming majority of Nekrasov's poems are dedicated to the peasantry. But sometimes he dwelled in detail on the description of representatives of the ruling class. A striking example is the poem “A Moral Man.”

The author describes the life and work of a certain “moral person” with a huge amount of sarcasm. Compositionally, the poem consists of four separate parts, dedicated to the main character’s relationships with completely different people.

In the first part, a “moral man” learns about his wife’s infidelity. He exposes her with the help of the police, but refuses the challenge to a duel. The disgraced woman dies, unable to bear the suffering that befell her.

The next action of the main character is a trial with a friend who owed him. The debtor was sentenced to prison, in which he died.

The “moral man” taught his serf peasant the art of cooking. “Unfortunately,” along with his new profession, the peasant acquired a thirst for knowledge (“he loved to read and reason”). For this, the owner scolded him for a long time and, in the end, subjected him to corporal punishment. The “fool” drowned himself out of grief.

The “peak” of the protagonist’s morality is his treatment of his own daughter. The girl fell in love with the poor teacher, and her prudent father forced her to marry the more preferable “gray-haired rich man.” The “happy” family life did not last long. The daughter quickly began to “turn pale and fade away” and died a year after the wedding.

Nekrasov does not accuse his main character of anything. He leaves it to the readers to judge. The “moral person” himself is firmly confident in his infallibility. He proves this with the refrain repeated several times: “By living in accordance with strict morals, I have never done harm to anyone in my life.”

The whole horror of the situation lies precisely in the fact that such a view was characteristic of the overwhelming majority of the nobility. Nekrasov, of course, created a collective image of a scoundrel, but in general his actions do not contradict the so-called “strict morality.” All victims received what they deserved. The wife cheated on her husband, the friend did not repay the debt, the peasant dared to contradict the owner, and the daughter abandoned parental obedience. A “moral person” does not feel sorry for these sinners. He himself is “pure” before God. The only thing that confuses him is the “deep sadness” in the house after Masha’s death.

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov

At the end of each stanza two lines are repeated:

Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.

Morality and corresponding moral standards are the basis of civilization and humanity of any society. When morality and moral foundations collapse, society collapses and people degrade, which we can observe in our modern civilization, which is increasingly drowning in.

- this is following certain Spiritual (moral) Principles: the principles of Honor, Conscience, Duty, Justice, Love, etc. Morality is the essence of the true Dignity of Man. A truly Worthy Person is a person whom one cannot help but respect; with all his manifestations he evokes respect, reverence, approval, and love.

- this is the one who implements these spiritual principles in his life and they are embodied in himself in the knowledge of the corresponding beliefs and personal qualities such as honor, honesty, etc.

To paraphrase, morality can be defined as follows. – this is the conformity of ideas, beliefs, values, actions and all manifestations of a person with moral norms, universal human values (kindness, non-violence, honesty, respect, etc.), and ideally with all Spiritual Laws.

It is Morality that is an indicator of the degree of spirituality of a Person and Society. What is Spirituality - .

Morality and the morality it generates (rules of conduct, etc.) were previously formed by Religion, commandments (Spiritual Laws in a religious interpretation), but are now largely destroyed. Of course, it needs to be revived and formed purposefully.

What is the basis of Morality? What gives birth to morality and what destroys it

The basis of morality is the distinction between and and the choice of the path of Good. About whether Good and Evil exist -. It is the understanding of what is Good, what is considered Worthy, and what is Bad, what is unworthy, shameful, unacceptable for a Man, that determines moral standards.

It is precisely because of the lack of adequate ideas about Good and Evil in modern society that morality is in decline, people are stricken with vices and ignorance, and society as a whole is rapidly decomposing.

There is also a misconception that Morality is a set of restrictions that encroach on a person’s freedom, restrain and block the manifestation of his individuality. This is huge stupidity! Morality provides the vector, path and conditions for upward movement under which a person can grow, develop at the greatest speed, be protected from vices, possible moral decay and degradation, and be invulnerable to evil. It was during the highest periods of spiritual flourishing, when the moral standard was realized to the maximum extent in society, in the upbringing of personnel, citizens, in culture, education, in the traditions of society, that the great empires and states reached their highest level of development, civilization, culture, to which even Many modern states still have a long way to go.

The poem is not just malicious, but somehow sharply self-critical. Or rather, it was not at all justifiable to the moral society of the time when Nekrasov worked. And it seems that everything in this work is clear and, moreover, everything in it is correct.

If you look from the outside, the husband saved the family from shame by exposing his wife in treason, gave his daughter a brilliant future by marrying her to a wealthy adult, and the debt is worth paying, no matter how close a friend you are.

It would seem that everything is correct, what’s wrong with that, as long as a person follows a moral approach to life. He’s not a killer, he just wants to do what he thinks will be good for everyone. But for some reason his wife dies from shame, his daughter dies from an unequal marriage, the peasant whom he brought into the public suddenly drowned himself, a friend, imprisoned for non-payment of a debt, dies. What are they doing? Still right, still right. The actions of a person of moral integrity could not lead to such results. But…

After each part of the poem it is repeated like a mantra: “I have never done harm to anyone in my life.” This sounds both like conviction and justification. Indeed, it is not he who is to blame for their misfortunes, but they themselves.

After all, there was no need to change so as not to die of shame. There was no need to fall in love with just anyone, so as not to die of consumption in a rich family, there was no need to quarrel with the master and then drown himself. And in the end, there was no need to borrow, so as not to pay it back later and end up in prison. This person sincerely believes that he did no harm.

All his actions, according to his logic, brought only salvation and made the lives of the people themselves as better as possible. What's wrong here? He simply acted in a way that benefited only him. Saved himself from shame and from being called a “cuckold” by society.

He saved his daughter from a miserable existence and saved his wallet from spending it on his daughter’s needs. He trained his peasant to be a cook and began to eat well, but he could not restrain himself and tried to teach the man to speak well. And, in the end, he tried to get back what was his. That is, it turned out that these people brought themselves to a critical state and he had nothing to do with their deaths.

Nekrasov speaks again and again in his poems about the moral principles of that time. He exposes those who, under the guise of morality, do evil, accuses such “quiet scoundrels” of meanness, arrogance and, oddly enough, immorality.

Nikolai Nekrasov - Moral Man: Verse

Living according to strict morals,

In the evening I went to my lover;
And he convicted... He called out: I didn’t fight!
Tormented by shame and sadness...
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.

And she married a gray-haired rich man.
Their house was brilliant and full like a cup;

Living according to strict morals,

I gave the peasant as a cook:
But he often left the yard

Fatherly flogged him with a canal,
He drowned himself: he was crazy!
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.

I hinted to him in a friendly way,
I left it to the law to judge us:

Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.

Nikolai Nekrasov - Living in accordance with strict morality (A moral person)

I have never done harm to anyone in my life.
My wife, covering her face with a veil,
No. 4 In the evening I went to see my lover.
I sneaked into his house with the police
And he caught it. He called - I didn’t fight!
She went to bed and died
No. 8 Tormented by shame and sadness.
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.

My friend did not present the debt to me on time.
No. 12 I, having hinted in a friendly way to him,

The law sentenced him to prison.
He died in it without paying altyn,
No. 16 But I’m not angry, even though I have a reason to be angry!
I forgave him the debt on the same date,
Honoring him with tears and sadness.
Living according to strict morals,
No. 20 I have never done harm to anyone in my life.

I gave the peasant as a cook,
It was a success; a good cook is happiness!
But he often left the yard
No. 24 And I call it an indecent addiction
Had: loved to read and reason.
I, tired of threatening and scolding,
Fatherly flogged him with a canal;
No. 28 He drowned himself, he was crazy!
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.

I had a daughter; fell in love with the teacher
No. 32 And she wanted to run away with him rashly.
I threatened her with a curse: she resigned herself
And she married a gray-haired rich man.

No. 36 But Masha suddenly began to turn pale and fade away
And a year later she died of consumption,
Overwhelming the whole house with deep sadness.
Living according to strict morals,
No. 40 I have never done harm to anyone in my life.

Nravstvenny chelovek

Zhivya soglasno s strictoy moralyu,

Zhena moya, zakryv litso vualyu,
Pod vecherok k lyubovniku poshla.
Ya v dom k nemu s politsiyey prokralsya
I ulichil. On vyzval - ya ne dralsya!
Ona slegla v postel i died,
Isterzana pozorom i sadyu.

Ya nikomu ne sdelal v zhizni zla.

Priatel v srok mne dolga ne predstavil.
Ya, nameknuv po-druzheski yemu,
Zakonu rassudit nas predostavil;
Zakon prigovoril yego v tyurmu.
V ney died on, ne zaplativ altyna,
No ya ne zlyus, khot zlitsya yest prichina!
Ya long yemu prostil togo zh chisla,
Pochtiv yego slezami i sadyu.
Zhivya soglasno s strogoyu moralyu,
Ya nikomu ne sdelal v zhizni zla.

Krestyanina ya otdal v povara,
On udalsya; khoroshy povar - schastye!
No often otluchalsya so dvora
I zvanyu neprilichnoye pristrastye
Imel: lyubil chitat i rassuzhdat.
Ya, utomyas grozit i raspekat,
Otecheski posek yego, kanalyu;
On vzyal da utopilsya, dur nashla!
Zhivya soglasno s strogoyu moralyu,
Ya nikomu ne sdelal v zhizni zla.

Imel ya doch; v uchitelya vlyubilas
I s nim bezhat khotela sgoryacha.
Ya pogrozil proklyatyem yey: smirilas
I vyshla za sedogo bogacha.
I dom blestyashch i polon byl kak chasha;
No stala vdrug blednet i gasnut Masha
I cherez god v chakhotke died,
Sraziv ves dom glubokoyu sadyu.
Zhivya soglasno s strogoyu moralyu,
Ya nikomu ne sdelal v zhizni zla.

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