Magnetic eye treatment. Physiotherapy for eyes

Currently, medicine offers a huge number of physiotherapeutic procedures that help cope with diseases. However, magnetic therapy is a time-tested method of alternative medicine. Despite the fact that the procedure has a positive effect on the body, it is prescribed only according to the strict prescription of the attending physician. We will learn about the indications and contraindications of magnetic therapy from the article.

About the effect of a magnet on the body

Magnetic iron was first found in the city of Magnesia, which is located in Asia. At first it was used to make compasses. In historical accounts from the records of Hippocrates, it was mentioned that the magnet was used to treat inflammation, constipation and had a hemostatic effect.

In China, healers used magnets to restore energy balance by applying them to certain points. Now a similar method is used as a physiotherapeutic procedure to treat certain diseases.

Iron ore was also used to treat epileptic seizures.

Professor from Austria Mesmer studied the effect of a magnetic field on the human body. It was found that magnets can heal diseases of various types. Therefore, magnets began to be worn as pendants and bracelets, and were also inserted into belts.

Cleopatra used a magical object to preserve beauty and youth. And monks in Tibet activated brain processes with iron ore. In Russia and the USA, magnets are still used in official medicine.

Magnetotherapy - what is it, the beneficial properties of the magnetic field

How is magnetic therapy useful?

Magnetic therapy involves the effect of a magnetic field on the body in order to treat many pathologies.

Magnetic therapy is most often prescribed for joints, after fractures, for osteochondrosis of the spine, in gynecology to relieve pain, have a resolving effect and have an anti-inflammatory effect in cases of endometritis, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and prostatitis.

There are 2 types of magnetic fields:

In this case, therapy is divided into: local and general. In local treatment, the magnetic field affects certain areas of the body. For example, the knee joint or spine.

And general therapy affects the entire body as a whole for preventive treatment.

Every magnet has positive and negative poles. The effect on the body depends on the pole.

• raises the overall tone of the body;
• improves the acid-base composition of the body;
• increases the development of beneficial bacteria in the body;
• improves intellectual activity;
• increases performance;
• treats inflammatory processes.
• has an analgesic effect;
• effectively relieves inflammation;
• reduces the rate of bacterial development;
• promotes alkalization of the body;
• reduces the acidity level of gastric juice;
• has a calming effect on the nervous system;
• increases the elasticity of blood vessels;
• has a hemostatic effect.

Magnetotherapy - benefits and harm to the body

The therapeutic effect of magnetic therapy - indications

When using this physiotherapeutic treatment method, patients observe the following positive effects:

• metabolism improves, which helps regulate excess weight and reduce fat deposits;
• blood hemoglobin begins to more effectively enrich tissues with oxygen;
• proper contraction of blood vessels to cleanse the body of toxins;
• water-salt balance improves, swelling goes away;
• the quality of blood vessels and nerve fibers improves.

Magnetic therapy is prescribed for the following diseases:

• osteochondrosis;
• diabetes mellitus;
• for burns, fractures, injuries, cuts;
• cardiovascular diseases;
• gastrointestinal pathologies;
• problems with blood circulation;
• after operations;
• for diseases of the central nervous system;
• hypertension;
• tuberculosis;
• bronchitis, pneumonia;
• dental pathologies;
• asthma.

How does the physical magnetic therapy procedure work?

The essence of magnetic therapy is the direction of special equipment that directs the magnetic field to the desired point. The procedure is considered quite simple and painless.

If magnet treatment is prescribed in a hospital department, the nurse will position and connect the device herself. Usually the patient is asked to lie down on the couch and make himself comfortable. The health worker herself sets the necessary parameters recommended by the attending physician.

The first session lasts about 5 minutes. In subsequent sessions, the time increases to a maximum of 20 minutes.

The magnetic field penetrates any fabric of clothing and even plaster. Modern devices are widely functional and combine 2 procedures simultaneously: magnetic therapy and electrophoresis.

If a patient undergoes magnetic therapy at home, the device will be easier to use so that people without medical education can use it.

Basic rules for carrying out the magnetic treatment procedure:

• It is not recommended to attend therapy if you are feeling unwell;
• therapy must be completed in a course of 5-10 sessions at the same time every day;
• It is recommended to have a light snack an hour before the session;
• It is prohibited to drink alcohol or smoke during the course.

Devices for magnetic therapy

The following medical equipment is used for treatment with magnets:

• stationary device for general magnetic therapy;
• portable device;
• various accessories with built-in magnets.

Each device has its own functional features. Modern devices are equipped with various functional delights. Accessories must be worn as prescribed by a doctor based on your illness.

Contraindications of magnetic therapy - harm

Despite the fact that magnetic field treatment is popular and has been used in medicine for many years, there are a number of contraindications to the procedure. It is prohibited to attend physiotherapy if you have the following diseases:

• developed hypotension;
• tendency to bleed;
• severe heart disease;
• if there is a pacemaker in the heart;
• for benign and malignant tumors;
• central nervous system disorders, schizophrenia;
• pregnancy, breastfeeding;
• myocardial infarction;
• stroke;
• arrhythmias;
• aortic aneurysm;
• hyperthyroidism;
• weak immunity;
• children under 1.5 years old;
• heart failure grade 2-3;
• thrombosis;
• elevated temperature, fever.

Magnetic therapy is prescribed to women during the gestational period only if there is a risk of fetal death and the procedure is necessary. It is not recommended to undergo the procedure if you have a bleeding disorder, problems with hematopoiesis, or thrombophlebitis.

Magnetotherapy promotes changes at the cellular level, enhances biochemical activity, and activates the flow of oxygen to organs. The procedure has a long list of grateful healthy patients.

Magnet treatment has an effect on pain relief, strengthens the immune system, and normalizes the nervous system. The main advantage is the ability to use magnetic therapy at home.

Despite this, the effectiveness of this treatment method in Europe is now being questioned, being considered insufficiently effective. But as a preventive procedure, it is recommended to use it together with the main treatment process.

If there are no alternative treatment methods, then you can use magnetotherapy. However, you should not choose this technique as the only option to cure an existing disease. It can be used as an addition to basic procedures.

Magnetic therapy helped me well in developing the joint in my arm after a complex fracture.

I am undergoing magnetic therapy at a local clinic. I am suspicious of the operation of the device, because it makes a lot of noise.

When asked if it was working correctly, the health worker said that everything was fine. I don't want to hurt myself. Please tell me, is the noisy operation of the device acceptable or is this a violation in its operation?

You see, Valentina, everyone’s perception of noise is different, but, in principle, a magnetic therapy device should not make much noise - the range is from almost inaudible operation to light crackling, sometimes there is also a feeling of vibration (depending on the specific device).

I purchased the AMT-01 device. I have already completed a course of procedures for the second time. I don’t know if it’s a coincidence, but I have a feeling that after them I feel worse (the pain worsens). I have big problems with the spine and joints (osteochondrosis, arthrosis deformans cervical and lumbosacral).Is this possible?

It happens that a person has intolerance to some kind of therapeutic effect, even if everyone around him helps. Try to remember - did you experience an exacerbation only after the first magnetic therapy procedures (often happens), and then it got better or clearly after the entire course and only got worse both times of use? If it is the second option, then it turns out that the influence of the device is not suitable for you.

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Magnet treatment of eyes, spine, knee joints at home

Magnetotherapy is the use of magnetic fields to influence the human body in order to achieve a preventive and therapeutic effect.

Doctors successfully used magnetotherapy as a method of physiotherapy in Ancient Egypt, Greece, China and India.

Many healing properties were attributed to the influence of magnets, but scientists became interested in the beneficial effect of magnets only centuries later and turned magnetotherapy into a scientific method of treatment.

What is the essence of the method

Treatment with magnets as a method of physiotherapy is quite effective:

• up to nine out of ten patients who use it experience relief.

This can largely be explained by the very essence of the method, since each human organ, inside, has its own magnetic field, which is part of the whole organism.

Its violation can worsen the patient's condition, which can lead to illness. Making corrections to the magnetic field acts as a recharge, bringing the patient’s body back to normal.

Magnetic therapy has a number of advantages compared to other treatment methods: it does not require the use of complex equipment, is expensive, painless, and has a wide range of indications for use.

Due to the fact that magnetic fields can penetrate various surfaces, they are used in the presence of plaster or other honey. devices.

Mechanism of action

Magnetic fields affect the body at different levels: tissue, cellular, subcellular and at the level of the entire organism.

During magnetic therapy sessions, an ordered, directed magnetic field has an effect on a person, protecting tissue cells from the influence of “unfriendly” fields,

These include environmental pollutants. Thus, during the procedure, the patient's tissues can focus on self-healing processes.

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Beneficial effect of magnetic therapy:

• Anti-inflammatory effect. Magnetotherapy has a positive effect on the immune system, increases the body's performance, and leads to a surge of strength.
• Tissue swelling decreases, the condition of aqueous environments improves, and blood fluidity increases.
• Removes spasm - muscles can relax due to pain relief.
• Anesthesia.

This effect is achieved due to the fact that the magnetic field has a positive effect on the nervous system:

• the level of sensitivity of peripheral receptors decreases,
• More pain-relieving hormones are released.

Improves tissue nutrition, as a result, improved blood microcirculation in the problem area.

Stops the destruction process, allowing the body to begin tissue regeneration at the site of exposure.

Acts as a substitute for non-steroidal drugs that have a similar effect, but which can have many side effects and contraindications.

Dilates blood vessels, reduces pressure.

This may be helpful for hypertension.

Indications for use

Currently, magnetic therapy is increasingly used in the treatment of inflammatory processes and various diseases occurring in body tissues.

And, due to the fact that magnetic therapy has a number of advantages compared to other methods of physiotherapy, research on treatment with magnets is still ongoing in laboratories and institutes.

Effective treatment with magnets, even at home, is noted:

• For burns.
• For overwork, insomnia, neurosis.
• For frostbite.
• For fractures, wounds and slowly healing trophic ulcers. The destruction of tissue caused by a fracture leads to a lot of pain, which makes magnetic therapy, due to its analgesic properties, the most effective method of treating fractures.
• For chronic sinusitis or laryngitis.
• For diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
• For mild to moderate rheumatoid arthritis.
• For arthrosis.

The magnetic field has a positive effect on inflamed areas in the body, reduces pain, and normalizes metabolic processes.

For osteochondrosis and osteoarthrosis.

For allergic reactions.

For atherosclerosis or head problems.

In gynecology.

Magnetotherapy has a positive effect in the treatment of inflammatory processes in the uterus and appendages.

Sometimes, this method of physiotherapy is used during exacerbations.

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An important feature of magnet treatment is its harmlessness:

• With the exception of contraindications, the procedures are absolutely safe, even for people with complications in the body, regardless of age.

Magnetic therapy differs from other physiotherapeutic procedures in its accessibility, although it brings no less benefits.

One of the main advantages is the ability to affect most organs. This procedure does not affect just one part of the body or its system, but the entire body, improving its general condition.

Contraindications and side effects

Possible side effects and contraindications:

• Respiratory diseases.
• In the presence of pustular inflammation in areas that may be in contact with a magnetic field.
• If the patient has a pacemaker, the magnetic therapy procedure may interfere with its functioning.
• Exposure to magnetic fields has the ability to cause bleeding, so people prone to bleeding should not undergo this physiotherapeutic procedure.
• Systemic blood diseases.
• Since magnetic fields have the ability to lower blood pressure, people suffering from hypotension are prohibited from undergoing magnetic therapy.
• Magnet treatment is not recommended for pregnant women. This may have a negative impact on the development of the fetus.
• Do not use if acute inflammation or neoplasms are detected. Exposure to a magnetic field can enhance their development.
• Alcohol intoxication.
• Magnetic fields have different effects on people, some may be intolerant to the procedure, this risk cannot be excluded.
• Acute period of cerebrovascular accident.

• You should not drink alcohol during treatment.
• Shortly before the start of the magnetic therapy procedure, the patient should take a small amount of food.
• For greater efficiency, it is better to conduct sessions at the same time.
• The procedure must be canceled if the patient feels unwell.

The list of contraindications is not small.

This depends on the specific magnetic therapy device.

Therefore, if you are going to carry out the procedure at home, before use, you need to study the instructions for use.

No matter how harmless magnetic therapy may seem, this, like any other physiotherapeutic procedure, should be approached with extreme caution.

Before starting treatment with magnets, it is better to make sure that you do not have, even the smallest, contraindications. Only a specialist can reliably determine this. Therefore, the participation of a physician is strictly recommended.

Magnetic therapy is one of the treatment methods, including at home, and it can be used independently or in combination with other folk methods.

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to establish an accurate diagnosis and decide on the course of treatment.

Magnetic therapy: benefit or harm? Watch the video and get answers to questions about magnet treatment at home.

Eye treatment with magnetic applicators

I remember our long-ago conversation about glaucoma. You firmly stated that this disease can also be rehabilitated. Yes, we know that glaucoma is a chronic eye disease with a constant or periodic increase in intraocular pressure. It often ends with optic nerve atrophy. The development of primary glaucoma is preceded by trophic disorders in the tissues of the anterior part of the eye, especially in the drainage system, caused by changes in the vascular system and hemodynamics of the eye, as well as general pathological changes. Causes: as a result of eye hypertension, circulatory disorders develop in the vessels of the optic nerve, retina and choroid. As a rule, both eyes become ill, often not at the same time. If glaucoma is not treated, vision decreases to complete blindness. Medical and surgical treatment can preserve visual functions of the eye, but...

Once, when my friend asked me to restore his vision, which had begun to deteriorate sharply, I made a magnetic applicator for his eyes. Before this, I myself used the applicator for a month. And if at the beginning of the tests I wore glasses +5, then a month later I replaced the glasses with +3, then with +2.

A friend also started using a magnetic applicator at night. The magnet tension was about 12 mT. The duration of the session was no more than two hours a day. The feeling of using magnetic glasses is quite interesting. After the first session, taking off the magnetic glasses, you feel as if you are in a fog. This state lasts about five minutes, then everything goes away. On the second day after using magnetic glasses - only three minutes. After a week, the fog disappears and the resolution increases! However, it happens that the effect of vision restoration occurs after the first therapy session and without fog. Once a neighbor, a woman of about 80, came to me to consult me ​​on some issue. I invited her into the room and suggested watching TV while I finished my business. She refused, citing the fact that she could no longer see anything on the screen. Then I gave her magnetic glasses. By the way, a patent for such glasses was registered in 1996 in the UK. There are two round magnets in their frame. Magnetic flux intensity

50 mT. In my opinion, this is very high tension. At the early stage of the disease, you can use magnets without getting sick.

So, when the woman brought the magnets to her eyes and held them for about 10 minutes, she exclaimed in surprise as she began to discern clear images on the screen.

Back in 1989, there was information in a popular science magazine that near Moscow, in a rural clinic, a local doctor used magnetic glasses for treatment. True, he used an alternating field created by coils that he connected to the electrical network. I repeated this method on myself, however, despite a number of apparent positive effects, in the future I began to use only constant magnets for two hours at a time. When I proposed this method to doctors, they disowned me as an evil spirit. Why? The operation is more profitable for doctors. At the same time, I can report that one of my friends eliminated an eyesore using the same method! No surgery! In two months. And it should be noted: if a person already has cataracts, it is more difficult to treat. It is better to carry out prevention. Prevention and once again prevention with a constant magnetic field! And your eyes will live without glasses until you are 100 years old.

Recommendations and opinions published on the site are for reference or popular information and are provided to a wide range of readers for discussion. The information provided does not replace qualified medical care based on medical history and diagnostic results. Be sure to consult your doctor.

Vision correction using magnetic therapy: how does it work?

The most developing area of ​​physiotherapy in the treatment of eye diseases is magnetic therapy. This method is very effective in the treatment of injuries, acute and chronic eye diseases. And in some cases, this treatment method is the only way out of the situation, for example, in case of injury to the visual organ.

Magnetic wave therapy is not inferior to such a popular method as electrophoresis, moreover, it goes well with it. This way, the maximum effect from the procedures and medications used at this time is achieved. Magnetic therapy for vision correction is used in relation to adults and children, having its own indications and warnings.

Vision correction using magnetotherapy

Magnetic therapy for vision correction, photos of which you can easily find on the Internet, involves the use of intermittent, pulsed and constant low-frequency fields.

These fields have the following effect on the tissue of the human visual organ:

• relieve swelling;
• relieve inflammation;
• have an analgesic effect.

This improves epithelization of ulcers, trophism and accelerates tissue regeneration. In general, microcirculation in these areas also improves. An alternating field is often used to influence tissue, and this is explained by the fact that the desired effect requires lower field strength and short exposure.

The use of magnetic fields is rational for tissue swelling, for stopping their inflammatory processes, resolving hemorrhages, exudate and infiltrates, improving blood and lymph circulation and metabolic processes, as well as for faster wound healing. The field can pass through the bandage and the closed eyelid, and this procedure does not require direct contact, which is its advantage.

Indications for treatment:

Important! This technique cannot be used if the patient has a foreign body inside the eye, hemorrhagic vasculitis or hemorrhage in the CT recurs.

The procedure requires minimal preparation. The magnet exposure inductor is placed in front of the patient's diseased visual organ. To do this, do not remove the bandage. Exposure time is from 7 to 10 minutes. The procedure is repeated 10 to 15 times every day.

Magnetic therapy for vision correction in children

This technique is often used in ophthalmology clinics to treat children. For this purpose, the ATOS apparatus is used. It is capable of influencing a running reversible magnetic field. In children, such therapy is carried out to treat accommodation, keratitis, inflammation, swelling, thrombosis of the retinal blood vessels, optic neuritis, and accommodation disorders. By combining the device with a certain attachment, amblyopia is treated with its help.

Magnetic therapy for vision correction: reviews and results

Judging by the reviews of this type of treatment, patients feel improvement some time after the start of the course. This is due to the fact that under the influence of magnetic fields, the permeability of the cornea increases, which leads to an improved effect of medications. The magnetic field has antispasmodic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antipruritic and neurotrophic effects.

Patients feel a decrease in emotional tension, an improved condition of damaged tissues, their sleep improves, swelling decreases, and a hypotensive effect occurs. The field acts on the edges of the wound, promoting their infiltration, resolves exudates in the anterior chamber of the eyeball, retinal vessels increase their caliber, and intraocular pressure decreases. It is important to observe the exposure time, since an overdose also has its negative effects. This is the development of photophobia, lacrimation, headache, pain in the eyes and the sensation of a foreign body in the eye.

In general, we can conclude that this technique is effective. The effects of the field are applied to adults and children, accelerating the healing and recovery processes. This is a painless procedure that requires minimal preparation, and the effect is noticeable within a short time.

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Magnetic therapy in ophthalmology

Magnetotherapy is a method of treating magnetic field (constant or variable). Under the influence of a magnetic field, physicochemical changes in biological fluids, biocolloids, and blood elements come to the fore.

The biophysical essence of the action of a low-frequency alternating magnetic field is basically similar to the action of a constant magnetic field, however, physicochemical changes are more pronounced from the action of an alternating magnetic field, since in it the orientation of charged particles relative to the field lines occurs with each change in the direction of the current in the coil. As a result, eddy currents occur in the tissues. Due to friction of intracellular and tissue particles, low-intensity heat is generated.

When exposed to a magnetic field on the eye, it helps to reduce swelling and infiltration of the edges of the corneal wound, and the resorption of exudate in the anterior chamber; increases the caliber of retinal vessels, reduces intraocular pressure within normal limits, accelerates regeneration processes.

Indications: retinal dystrophy, atrophy and neuritis of the optic nerve, uveitis, vascular diseases of the retina, penetrating wounds of the cornea, eye contusion, partial hemophthalmos, traumatic iridocyclitis, herpetic keratitis, corneal erosion, primary glaucoma, amblyopia in children.

Contraindications: malignant neoplasms, severe hypotension, recurrent hemorrhages, acute purulent processes. In ophthalmology, both constant and alternating electromagnetic fields are used for therapeutic purposes.

In recent years, magnetophoresis with various medicinal substances has become more widely used.

What does magnetic therapy treat?

Magnetotherapy is a type of physical impact on a person with low-frequency constant or pulsed magnetic fields.

For what eye diseases should magnetic therapy be used?

• Myopia;
• Accommodative disorders - conditions associated with disruption of the muscles responsible for focusing the image;
• Amblyopia (low vision);
• Initial form of glaucoma;
• Prevention of the development of visual fatigue in people working at a computer or in front of a monitor;
• Relieving visual fatigue and restoring the functions of the focusing apparatus of the eyes;
• Subacute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the eyelids: blepharitis, stye;
• Inflammatory eye diseases: conjunctivitis, keratitis, iritis and iridocyclitis, uveitis;
• Optic nerve atrophy;
• Corneal erosions;
• Dystrophic changes in the retina;
• Retinal vascular diseases;
• Edema conditions (allergic edema, edematous exophthalmos, etc.).

Please note that there are contraindications to the use of magnetic therapy:

• malignant neoplasms;
• severe hypotension;
• recurrent hemorrhages;
• acute purulent processes;
• foreign bodies inside the eye (especially magnetic ones);
• hemorrhagic vasculitis.

What effect does magnetic therapy have on our vision?

• restorative and anti-edematous effect on eye tissue;
• analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect;
• acceleration of tissue regeneration processes;
• improvement of microcirculation of eye tissues;
• improves blood circulation in the affected area;
• relaxing effect on the eye muscles and the entire body as a whole.

If you decide to use magnetic therapy in the treatment of eye diseases,

Don't forget to consult your doctor!

Magnet treatment at home

Magnetic products should be considered as an addition to all treatments. Research on magnetic therapy began in 1700, and it is now considered effective in all areas of disease. It is recommended by physical therapists, kinesiologists, acupuncturists, naturopaths, massage therapists, homeopaths, plastic surgeons and chiropractors.

Magnets can penetrate skin, fatty tissue and bones, thus the magnetic flux maintains human health and provides energy by reducing disorders in the body.

It stimulates the functions of the circulatory, nervous, respiratory, digestive and urinary systems.

Principles of magnetic therapy

The magnetic field is the basis of life on this planet. All body systems are electromagnetic in nature.

Magnetic therapy stimulates blood circulation and increases cellular activity, which, in turn, increases the rate of regeneration. This method of treatment increases the speed of wound healing, relieves muscle spasms and symptoms of many diseases.

Magnetic therapy helps you recover faster from injury. It creates conditions for healing, encouraging the body to repair itself. This is achieved by increasing ion separation, vascular dilation, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, and also accelerating the restoration of sodium and potassium balance. Vascular dilatation improves the supply of oxygen to tissues and helps remove toxins.

The most important motive for using magnetic therapy is the presence of pain in diseases of the musculoskeletal system. It prevents further development of tissue destruction.

Principle of operation of magnetic therapy:

• normalizes lymphatic drainage;
• reduces the area of ​​inflammation;
• relieves swelling;
• blocks nerve receptors, causing pain to go away;
• restores normal functioning of organs.

This method of treatment increases a person’s endurance and performance.

Magnets for treating joints at home

Healing magnets can be purchased at medical equipment stores.

There are two types of this method of treatment: constant and pulsed.

There are also several types of healing magnets:

• flexible magnetic sheets are usually presented in the form of sheets or tape; they are used in orthopedics as special insoles;
• ceramic ones are used in wrapping (mats);
• neodymium magnets are the most common; they are produced in the form of bracelets and other jewelry;
• samarium-cobalt species are used for additional fixation of dentures during orthopedic treatment of patients with jaw atrophy and complete loss of teeth.

In medical equipment stores you can buy magnets of various shapes, sizes and powers.

Types: bracelets, mats, rings, discs, stars, beads, foil, clothes, blocks, power pads, necklace, belts.

Treatment with neodymium magnet

The use of magnets in treatment is considered a safe and non-invasive method. Neodymium magnets are used for various purposes. They are used to treat internal organs and reduce scars. Recently, neodymium magnets have expanded their range of uses. Due to their unique characteristics, they began to be used in microsurgery and cardiology, dentistry, and oncology.

Neodymium magnets are produced in the form of rings, headbands, and earrings. To buy it, you do not need a prescription from a doctor, so many people treat themselves. But they can still cause irreparable harm, so you should consult a doctor before purchasing.

Treatment with this type of magnet relieves pain, promotes better absorption of incoming nutrients, accelerates tissue regeneration and restores blood circulation. Special magnetic bandages are put on the eyes and head. They also create knee pads and neck applicators.

Some athletes use a magnetic mattress pad to improve sleep, while others use it to restore professional performance. However, you should not sleep on such a mattress cover for more than 10 hours a day. In addition, if a neodymium magnet is used to solve digestive problems, you should not eat food just an hour before using it, as digestion will slow down.

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Indications for treatment at home

People use magnetic therapy for a wide range of health problems. It is carried out both in a hospital setting and at home. The main thing is to strictly follow the doctor’s recommendations. The table below shows the diseases for which magnetic therapy can be used.

In addition, magnetic therapy can be used for bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and bronchial asthma.

If you suffer from one of the problems outlined in the table and wish to resort to the use of a magnetic treatment method, be sure to consult a doctor before using magnets.

Joints

Magnetic therapy has a very good effect on the joints and spine. The combination of analgesic and vasodilating frequencies improves blood microcirculation with oxygen and nutrients. The procedure heals the joints. For painful joints, the goal of magnetic therapy is to suppress inflammation, reduce pain and improve joint mobility.

This treatment method slows down further joint damage and has a healing effect.

The magnetic therapy procedure is carried out 2-3 times a day at low pulse frequencies. If a bruise has formed on the joint after an injury, then you need to rub it with a magnet.

Knee-joint

Arthritis most commonly affects large joints, including the knee joint. In addition to treatment with medications, anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics and chondroprotectors, doctors recommend magnetic therapy. However, physical therapy and occupational therapy should not be neglected.

As part of the rehabilitation therapy of knee joint diseases, low-frequency pulsed magnetic therapy is used. It has no side effects, does not cause stress, and can be used at home. Thanks to this, it is easier for patients with chronic diseases of the knee joints to be treated.

In this case, magnetic therapy acts as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. It relieves swelling and improves range of motion.

For knee arthritis, special knee pads made of neodymium magnets are used.

Initially, a frequency of 4–6 Hz is used. The procedure is carried out daily until the pain begins to subside. Once relief is achieved, treatment should be combined with regenerative programs at 25–50 Hz.

Heel spur

Heel spurs or plantar fasciitis are a common disease whose symptoms are severe and painful. Heel spurs are treated on an outpatient basis or at home. The procedure is carried out every day. The magnetic effect on the heel spur is 20 minutes.

As prescribed by the doctor, the procedure can be performed 2 times a day, the interval between which is 8 hours.

Magnetic therapy technique at home: for pain in both heels, the device is placed on the lumbar spine and both heel areas. The first procedure should last 5–7 minutes. Each time the time is increased. The course of treatment for heel spurs lasts 10–15 procedures.

If the victim has pain in one heel, then it is necessary to act on 2 fields - the lumbar spine and the sore heel area.

Doctors talk about home magnetotherapy, watch the video:

Contraindications

Despite the enormous benefits for humanity, magnetic therapy has some contraindications.

Limitations in using this method:

• persons equipped with pacemakers, defibrillators or other electromedical devices;
• young children and pregnant women should not use magnetic field treatment, since the safety of such therapy has not been proven;
• in the presence of purulent infections;
• if there is a tendency to bleed;
• in the presence of malignant tumors.

In addition, this procedure is prohibited if the victim is mentally ill.

Magnetic therapy has no negative side effects or complications when combined with other treatments.

The healing effects of magnetic therapy occur quite quickly. The main advantages are price, availability and versatility.

The effectiveness of the device can be increased if the disease is treated in a comprehensive manner. That is, take medications, go to a physiotherapist and treat with herbs.

Conclusion

1. Magnetic therapy is now widespread. Traditional medicine has repeatedly used this method of treatment in various situations;
2. Victims note the effectiveness of treatment with magnets at home;
3. This method of therapy is combined with herbal medicine (infusions, decoctions, compresses, etc.);
4. Magnetic therapy is still not recognized as an official method of treatment.

Is it possible to cure osteochondrosis with a magnet? If this is possible, then how to do it correctly?

I love lavender oil for its calming effect. For stress and excessive nervous excitement, lavender.

Lumbar radiculitis appeared in old age. There was no bending over, nothing. Now I can at least a little.

Is it possible to use preparations containing black elderberry for treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus?

Hello. I didn’t even know that barberries had such an initial history. I used to think they were just candies.

— Elena Vladimirovna, when we talk about eye diseases, we mean, first of all, a visit to an ophthalmologist. Why physiotherapy?

“The fact is that the condition of the eye, like any organ, may depend on other pathologies existing in our body. For example, it is common knowledge that diabetes, which is a common disease, often affects vision; people who have diabetes will understand me well. Various other diseases can also lead to the development of eye disease. This is one of the reasons.

There is a second reason, when the disease - a true eye pathology - becomes chronic, goes into a sluggish state, when the body itself cannot cope or does not respond to medications. Then you have to use physiotherapeutic methods of treatment in order to help the body cope with the disease. Physiotherapeutic techniques have been used for a long time.

— Are there any specific treatment options for eye pathology?

— Of course, there are treatment specifics. The eye is a unique organ; The expression “the eye is the brain outside” is widely known. The eye includes almost all the tissues found in the body. The peculiarity is that a local effect on the eye can affect the entire body, and treatment of the body as a whole can have a positive effect on the state of vision.

And one more point: the eyeball itself does not contain blood vessels, and, accordingly, direct administration of the drug, bringing it to the eye, is sometimes difficult, therefore, together with physiotherapeutic techniques, it is easier to introduce drugs into the eye tissue than simply swallowing a pill.

— How often is physiotherapy used in the treatment of eye diseases?

— In principle, in a clinic setting, in public medical institutions, this type of therapy is used quite widely; In large hospitals with physiotherapy departments, especially since the treatment of eye pathology is always accompanied by the use of physiotherapeutic techniques. I cannot say that physiotherapeutic treatment is desirable for every eye disease, but there are diseases that cannot be cured without physiotherapy. For example, optic nerve atrophy, which is now treated using laser technology. Laser exposure is a physiotherapeutic technique.

— For what other eye diseases is physiotherapy indicated, and what are these techniques?

— Various types of treatment are used: laser therapy, electrical stimulation, and electrophoresis - a technique for administering a drug through an electric current. Also, for optic nerve atrophy, magnetic stimulation is used, and, no matter how strange it may sound, massage.

Next are inflammatory diseases. Everyone knows what barley is; It would seem, what could be simpler? But when barley recurs quite often, the person is recommended to undergo physiotherapeutic procedures that help the eye cope with this infectious pathology.

In general, treatment methods can be named for any disease.

— Are physiotherapeutic procedures painless?

— In general, physiotherapeutic procedures should be painless. There are unpleasant sensations, for example, during endonasal electrophoresis, when turundas are introduced into the nasal cavity. It’s not very pleasant, of course, when there is no nasal breathing, but I can say that even children tolerate this procedure quite calmly.

— Does pediatric ophthalmological pathology differ from that of adults?

“Children’s pathology, of course, differs from that of adults. First of all, diseases associated with eye pathology that occur in childhood very often have recovery as an outcome in the long term. There is a difference in approaches to treatment using physiotherapeutic methods: softer methods, lower power of influence. For example, the electric current used is almost 10 times lower than in treatment for adults; courses for ophthalmological diseases in children may be shorter. Another nuance that is necessarily used in children is the techniques used to influence the central nervous system. This is due to the fact that the child’s body is growing, and vision is the main adaptive function in the external environment. And if vision pathology develops, then no matter how we avoid it, there will be some kind of disruption in the child’s adaptation to the external environment, and this will affect the development of the central nervous system. The effect on the central nervous system can contribute to a reverse effect on the course of ophthalmological pathology.

— When a person begins to have some problems with his eyes, he goes to an ophthalmologist. How often do ophthalmologists refer patients for physical therapy?

— To my great regret, ophthalmologists do not always refer me for physical treatment, preferring to prescribe drops or tablets, but physical treatment is somehow not perceived. Often we already see fairly advanced conditions - as with the mentioned barley.

For example: a common disease is decreased vision, myopia in childhood, that is, weakness of the eye muscles. In such children, the use of physiotherapeutic treatment methods is simply necessary, because the weakness of the eye muscles is combined with a general weakness of the muscular system, and the general strengthening of the muscular system will also contribute to the strengthening of the ocular muscular system.

— What are the features of the development of eye diseases in adults and the use of physiotherapy in their treatment? This is probably especially true for people over 50.

— For adult patients over 50-60 years old, the most pressing pathologies are glaucoma and cataracts; they seem to accompany this age period. A disease such as glaucoma is very unpleasant because it is prone to progression. And the problem is that the eye itself does not suffer, but the optic nerve suffers. It can be treated promptly, but it is impossible to do this endlessly, especially if we do not accept any general treatment methods. But physiotherapeutic treatment is possible, and not only in the eye area, but it can also be used as a general effect on the body. These are, for example, laser radiation, magnetic therapy, electrophoresis of vascular preparations, which, of course, will not cure glaucoma itself; in fact, no one can even dream of this, but it is quite possible to slow down its progression through the use of physiotherapy.

— Are the physiotherapeutic methods you talked about used at the Detstvo Plus clinic?

— Yes, of course, these techniques are quite accessible to our patients. We also have many other methods of influencing the organs of vision in ophthalmological pathology, which, in general, can be talked about for a very long time, and it is almost impossible to cover it all in one interview. If you have any questions about the need for treatment of eye diseases, please come to us, we can discuss your problem and select a therapy that suits your pathology.

- In some cases. For example, in the treatment of myopia in children. There is such an option as school myopia, that is, it develops with weakness of the eye muscles, and in order to restore vision, you have to undergo surgery. There are quite a lot of different techniques; More often they do scleroplasty, that is, they cut off a certain thin layer of the cornea, leading to a state of normal vision.

But if we are talking about progressive myopia, very often this technique does not completely restore vision. If we began to treat this disease on time, in the early stages, we could prevent the severe development of the process, leading to repeated surgical interventions.

— There is physical therapy for the eyes; There are different schools and methods. How effective is it?

— Physical therapy is a very good prevention method for any organ, including the eyes. The proliferation of flickering screens in various forms - TV, computer, various devices that even small children now play with - causes a certain amount of visual fatigue. Visual fatigue is associated with weakening of the eye muscles - the muscles that work in the pupil, which move the eye in the orbit - and therefore physical therapy will, firstly, relieve this fatigue, and secondly, prevent its progression and the development of pathologies. Therefore, physical therapy exists, there is a lot of it in various schools and many different methods are offered. You can also consult with a physical therapy doctor who will show you exercises to prevent ophthalmic pathology. We have a doctor, we have a physical therapy instructor.

— If we talk about the prevention of eye diseases, what do you recommend?

— It is necessary to carry out general strengthening physical education. Swimming helps a lot. The fact is that the visual cortex, located in the occipital region, is supplied from the cervical vertebral arteries, and prolonged vertical load on the spine causes a certain fatigue in the cervical region. And when we swim, such a stretching, stretching of the spine is created, and our blood circulation in the occipital zones improves due to the fact that we restore blood circulation in the arteries of the spine.

— Does heredity matter in eye diseases? Is glaucoma, for example, transmitted?

— The weak link is inherited. If adults had glaucoma, this is an increase in eye pressure, this is a dysfunction of the eye vessels, which, let’s say, remove excess fluid from the eyeball. If a child creates situations that overload the eyes throughout life, or has cardiovascular pathology, then the disease will manifest itself in a weak link. So, of course, the child will have a high risk of developing glaucoma.

— So it’s better to “play it safe” and prevent the disease?

— Disease prevention should always be done, but you need to know your weak points. If everyone in the family has ophthalmological pathology to one degree or another, the child may also have a weak link in the ophthalmological line. And, accordingly, it is necessary to engage in vision prevention: do not sit in front of the TV or computer for six hours, play sports. But not all sports are acceptable for ophthalmological pathology. For example, martial arts or wrestling, where cervical trauma or concussion is possible, can increase the risk of pathology.

— The most commonly known visual impairments are myopia and farsightedness. Could, for example, severe myopia become an obstacle to physiotherapy treatment?

- Yes, sure. A strong degree of myopia or farsightedness may be an obstacle to the use of certain types of physiotherapy. But even with severe pathologies, it is possible to apply a remote effect, not on the eyes, on other parts of the body, which will improve the condition of vision. For example, targeting the calf muscles will improve blood flow to the central nervous system and thus indirectly affect the blood supply to the eye. If we massage the feet, we will also influence the points that activate the state of vision. That is, there are techniques that can be used even for severe eye diseases.

Zelenograd.ru

Physiotherapy is widely used in the complex treatment of diseases of the organ of vision. In ophthalmology, the following types of physiotherapeutic treatment of eye diseases are used: electrotherapy, phototherapy, physical pharmacotherapy, mechanical therapy and barotherapy.

Electrotherapy

Various types of electric current are used for electrotherapy. These are galvanization (direct electric current with low voltage), low-voltage pulsed currents (electrical stimulation and diadynamic therapy), UHF therapy (high-voltage electric fields), as well as low-frequency magnetotherapy (exposure to an alternating magnetic field) and electroreflexotherapy. Most often, medicinal electrophoresis is used in ophthalmology.

Drug electrophoresis- This is a method of local exposure to direct electric current, as well as drugs that are administered from aqueous solutions by electric current. When electric current passes through tissue from one electrode to another, it encounters resistance, the level of which depends on their electrical conductivity. In order to overcome places with the lowest electrical conductivity, it is necessary to expend significant current energy. This leads to the occurrence of certain galvanic reactions of tissues. They are accompanied by the formation of thermal energy, redistribution of ions, changes in the pH of the environment, as well as the formation of biochemical active substances and activation of metabolic processes. As a result, blood circulation is locally activated, tissue and a burning sensation occurs in the place where the electrodes act.

When using electrophoresis, drugs are used in a dosage that is significantly lower than for parenteral administration. Since the cornea of ​​the eye is an ideal semi-permeable membrane, ions penetrate into the eyeball through it. Since galvanization increases the permeability of the blood-ophthalmic barrier, drugs penetrate into the eye better and in greater concentrations than when administered by injection. They also accumulate in tissues, and this causes their prolonged effect on pathologically altered tissues.

There are indications and contraindications for electrophoresis. This method is indicated for patients with acute and chronic inflammatory and dystrophic diseases of the organ of vision:

• phlegmon;
• scar changes;
• adhesions in the anterior segment of the eye;
• opacities;
• chorioretinitis;
• central and peripheral chorioretinal degenerations;
• postthrombotic retinopathy;
• neuritis and optic nerve atrophy.

Contraindications for electrophoresis are identical to those for all methods of physiotherapy. They are general and local. General contraindications include:

• benign and malignant neoplasms;
• epilepsy;
• diseases of the blood and hematopoietic organs;
• febrile states of unknown etiology;
• acute infectious diseases;
• arterial hypertension of the third stage;
• chronic infectious diseases that are in the acute stage;
• decompensated diseases of internal organs.

Electrophoresis is not prescribed if there are metallic foreign bodies inside the eyeball.

Electrophoresis techniques:

• Electrophoresis according to Bourguignon- prescribed for diseases of the anterior segment of the eyeball and eyelids.
• Bath electrophoresis- used to influence intraocular structures. This method treats inflammatory and dystrophic processes localized in the anterior segment of the glans.
• At endonasal electrophoresis pharmaceuticals, special pads are placed in the nasal passages. Cotton turundas are also used, which are wound onto metal electrodes. This type of electrophoresis is indicated for the treatment of inflammation and degenerative processes localized in the vascular and eye tissues.
• For local electrophoresis use a special “point” electrode. This method is also used to diagnose diseases and evaluate the flow of fluid inside the eye during.

Alternative electrophoresis techniques are also known. These are diadynamophoresis, magnetophoresis and phonophoresis.

Diadynamophoresis is a combined physiotherapeutic treatment method that involves administering medications using direct current having half-sinusoidal pulses. Diadynamic currents in the body block sensitive nerve endings and increase the threshold of pain sensitivity, stimulate trophic processes, tissue metabolism and promote the resorption of perineural edema. They also promote the resorption of hemorrhages and opacities of the vitreous.

This method of physiotherapeutic treatment is indicated in the presence of keratitis of various etiologies, accompanied by pain, dystrophic and neurotrophic processes in the cornea, acute iridocyclitis, and paresis of the extraocular muscles. Contraindications are purulent inflammatory processes of the eyes, as well as fresh hemorrhages and injuries to the organ of vision.

Electrical stimulation

Electrical stimulation occurs when weak pulses of electric current, having both a certain structure and sequence, are applied to the neuromuscular and sensory apparatus of the organ of vision. During electrical stimulation, a functional induction of excess anabolism occurs. It is manifested by the activation of reparative processes of tissue and intracellular regeneration. This leads to the restoration of the functionality of elements that have retained their viability against the background of significantly reduced conductivity of nerve impulses.

There are such methods of electrical stimulation: percutaneous, transconjunctival and implantation. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation is most often used. Electrical stimulation is indicated for optic nerve atrophy of various natures, in children of obscuration and type, myopia and dystrophy, primary compensated and neurogenic keratitis. The method is contraindicated in the presence of the following pathology of the organ of vision:

• neoplasms of the orbit and eyeball;
• thrombosis and embolism of the central apple;
• purulent processes localized in the orbit;
• uncompensated glaucoma.

UHF therapy

UHF therapy is a method of physiotherapeutic treatment in which a pulsed or continuous ultra-high frequency electric field is applied to areas of the body. It causes vibrations of ions and rotation of dipole molecules, as well as polarization of dielectric particles. During this process, intracellular heat is generated, the amount of which is directly dependent on the dielectric properties and electrical conductivity of the tissues.

UHF therapy is prescribed in the presence of the following diseases of the organ of vision:

• dacryocystitis;
• barley;
• phlegmon of the sac;
• keratitis and

This method of physiotherapeutic treatment is not used for dense, recurrent or fresh hemorrhages in the vitreous body, uncompensated glaucoma, as well as malignant neoplasms of the eyeball and orbit. After the procedure, it is recommended to stay indoors for twenty minutes.

Magnetotherapy

Magnetotherapy is a method of physiotherapeutic treatment in which intermittent or alternating low-frequency magnetic fields are used for therapeutic purposes. They have a pronounced anti-inflammatory, decongestant and analgesic effect. When using magnetic therapy, trophism improves, tissue regeneration processes and surface epithelization are accelerated, and microcirculation improves. For therapeutic purposes, constant, alternating and, much less frequently, pulsed magnetic fields are used. Advantage is given to an alternating magnetic field, since to achieve the planned therapeutic effect when using it, a lower field strength is required, and the exposure time is also significantly shortened.

Indications for magnetic therapy are as follows:

• inflammation and swelling of eye tissue;
• infiltrates;
• intraocular hemorrhages and the presence of exudate.

It accelerates metabolic processes, improves blood circulation and trophism, and also accelerates the healing of corneal wounds. The advantage of magnetic therapy over other methods of physiotherapy is the possibility of carrying out the procedure without contact of the eyeball with the inductor, since the magnetic field passes through gauze bandages and closed eyelids. Magnetic therapy is indicated for the following pathologies of the organ of vision:

• diseases of the eyelids (and stye);
• keratitis of various etiologies;
• iridocyclitis;
• retinal dystrophy;
• postoperative complications;
• ischemic conditions of the retina;
• partial atrophy of the optic nerve;
• myopia and disorders;
• edematous;
• hemorrhages in the membranes and transparent media of the eyeball.

Magnetic therapy is not performed for intraocular foreign bodies, as well as recurrent hemorrhages in the vitreous body and hemorrhagic vasculitis.

Magnetophoresis

Magnetophoresis allows the administration of drugs using a low-frequency magnetic field. When using this physiotherapeutic method of treatment, they rely not only on the effect of the pharmacological drug. The magnetic field has the following effects: vasoactive, anti-inflammatory, trophic, local anesthetic and hypocoagulant. When administering drugs using magnetophoresis, there is no need to establish polarity, and the drugs are administered in generally accepted therapeutic doses. The following methods of administering drugs are also used: bath and through closed eyelids. In the latter option, the medicinal substance is applied directly to the eyelids or pre-injected into the conjunctival cavity.

Indications for magnetophoresis are as follows: acute and chronic degenerative and inflammatory processes in both segments of the eye in the presence of endocrine ophthalmopathy, episcleritis, keratitis, epithelial-endothelial and iridocyclitis, various dystrophic and edematous forms of diseases of the choroid and retina of the eye. Contraindications to magnetophoresis are the same as to magnetic therapy.

Electroreflexotherapy

Electroreflexotherapy involves therapeutic and prophylactic effects on targeted areas of the human body using various physical factors. Puncture physiotherapy is a variant of acupuncture. In reflexology, those areas of the body that are affected are called acupuncture points. These are the zones in which nerve elements are concentrated as much as possible.

Electroreflexotherapy is indicated for the following diseases:

• progressive myopia;
• glaucoma;
• amblyopia;
• dystrophic diseases of the retina and optic nerve.

Phototherapy

Light therapy combines methods that use the energy of electromagnetic oscillations of light and other wavelengths close to it. In ophthalmology, laser therapy is most often used.

Laser therapy involves irradiating certain areas of the body with coherent monochromatic radiation, which is obtained using quantum generators, for therapeutic purposes. They are called lasers.

Electromagnetic oscillations make it possible to obtain a fairly high density with an extremely low output power. When a cell is exposed to laser radiation, a photodynamic effect occurs, which manifests itself in the activation of its nuclear apparatus, ribosomes, as well as intracellular enzyme systems, cytochrome oxidase and catalase. Laser therapy has the following effects:

• painkillers;
• anti-inflammatory;
• desensitizing;
• decongestant;
• antispasmodic;
• regenerative;
• vasoactive;
• immunocorrective;
• vagotonic;
• hypocholesterolemic;
• bactericidal;
• bacteriostatic.

Indications for laser therapy are as follows:

• inflammatory diseases of the eyelids;
• blepharitis;
• keratitis;
• barley;
• chalazion;
• dry eye syndrome;
• edematous forms of corneal dystrophy.

Laser is used for long-term non-healing wounds, for stimulation of the ciliary muscle during spasms of accommodation, phenomena and mild myopia. Laser stimulation of the optic nerve and retina is indicated for dystrophic diseases of the optic nerve and retina, as well as amblyopia.

Quantum therapy

Quantum therapy uses the biorhythmic effect on the eye of light quanta of low intensity energy, as well as various wavelengths. Subcortical-cortical bioelectrical processes, the exchange of neurotransmitters of the immune and endorphin systems, the expression of hormones are regulated, and neuro- and hemodynamics are improved. Quantum therapy is indicated in the presence of accommodative disorders, progressive myopia and asthenopia.

Mechanical treatment

Mechanical treatment includes the use of various types of massage, ultrasound therapy and vibration therapy. This type of physiotherapeutic treatment includes phonophoresis. Phonophoresis is a combined physico-chemical method of influencing the organ of vision with medicinal substances and ultra-high frequency acoustic vibrations.

The mechanical effect is associated with the action of variable acoustic pressure, which occurs due to alternating zones of compression and discharge at the cellular and subcellular level. The thermal effect is associated with the effect of converting the absorbed energy of ultrasonic vibrations into heat. Ultrasound has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic, metabolic and defibrosing effects.

Mechanical treatment is indicated for diseases such as chalazion, cicatricial lesions of the skin of the eyelids, as well as degenerative processes in both segments of the eye. This is either the vitreous body, adhesions in the anterior segment of the eyeball and after operations for iridocyclitis, macudodystrophy, hemophthalmos, as well as fibrous changes in the choroid and retina.

Contraindications to mechanotherapy are acute uveitis and iridocyclitis, as well as fresh hemorrhages into the vitreous body.

Also in ophthalmology, such combined physiotherapeutic procedures as phonoelectrophoresis (the combined use of drugs, ultrasound and direct electric current), and superelectrophoresis, in which preliminary sounding with ultrasound is performed and then phonoelectrophoresis is performed, are widely used.

The most popular and effective devices for home use

Sidorenko glasses (AMBO-01)- the most advanced device for self-use by the patient for various eye diseases. Combines color pulse therapy and vacuum massage. Can be used both in children (from 3 years old) and in elderly patients.

Vizulon- a modern color pulse therapy device, with several programs, which allows it to be used not only for the prevention and complex treatment of vision diseases, but also for pathologies of the nervous system (migraines, insomnia, etc.). Available in several colors.

The most famous and popular eye device based on color pulse therapy methods. It has been produced for about 10 years and is well known to both patients and doctors. It is characterized by low price and ease of use.

26-11-2018, 16:39

Description

Physiotherapy- one of the methods of conservative treatment, widely used in the complex treatment of eye diseases. Physiotherapeutic methods for treating eye diseases include electrotherapy, physical pharmacotherapy, phototherapy, mechanical therapy and barotherapy.

Electrotherapy

The effect of these methods on the body is based on the use of various types of electric current. In the practice of treating eye diseases, low-voltage direct electric current (galvanization), low-voltage pulsed currents (diadynamic therapy, electrical stimulation), high-voltage electric fields (UHF therapy), exposure to an alternating magnetic field (low-frequency magnetic therapy), and electroreflexotherapy are used.

The most common physiotherapeutic treatment method in ophthalmology is medicinal electrophoresis.

Drug electrophoresis

Drug electrophoresis- a combined physicochemical method of local exposure to direct electric current and drugs administered from aqueous solutions by electric current.

Synonym: iontophoresis.

Rationale

The peculiarities of drug electrophoresis are determined by the influence of both the drug used and direct electric current.

When passing through tissue from one electrode to another, electric current encounters resistance, which depends on the electrical conductivity of the tissue. In the eyeball, the intraocular fluid has the greatest electrical conductivity, and the epidermis of the eyelids has the least. To overcome places with the lowest electrical conductivity, significant current energy is expended, which leads to the occurrence of galvanic reactions of tissues, accompanied by significant heat generation, redistribution of ions in cellular and intercellular substances, changes in the pH of the environment, the formation of biochemically active substances, and activation of enzymes and metabolic processes. All this causes significant local activation of blood circulation, tissue hyperemia, and a burning sensation at the site of electrode action.

Galvanization increases blood and lymph circulation, increases the resorption capacity of tissues, stimulates metabolic and trophic processes, increases the secretory function of the glands, and significantly increases the permeability of the blood-ophthalmic barrier. Thanks to electrophoresis, the effect of the drug is prolonged at a dose less than that usually used for parenteral administration. In addition, the cornea serves as an ideal semi-permeable membrane through which ions penetrate into the eye. The increased permeability of the blood-ophthalmic barrier under the influence of galvanization leads to greater penetration of drugs into the eye than when they are injected into the tissue around the eyeball. In addition, drugs accumulate in tissues, which causes their prolonged effect on pathologically altered tissues.

Indications

Acute and chronic inflammatory and degenerative eye diseases: styes, phlegmons, chalazions, cicatricial changes in the eyelids, episcleritis, keratitis, iridocyclitis, adhesions in the anterior segment of the eye, hemophthalmos, opacities of the eye, chorioretinitis, central and peripheral chorioretinal degenerations, macular degeneration, postthrombotic retinopathy, neuritis and optic nerve atrophy.

Contraindications

General (valid for all physiotherapeutic methods):

• benign and malignant neoplasms;
• diseases of the blood and hematopoietic organs (hemorrhagic conditions, blood clotting disorders);
• epilepsy;
• acute infectious diseases and febrile conditions of unknown etiology;
• chronic infectious diseases in the acute stage (tuberculosis, brucellosis, etc.);
• decompensated diseases of the heart, lungs and other internal organs;
• stage III hypertension.

Local: intraocular metallic foreign bodies.

Preparation

For electrophoresis, devices such as “Potok-1”, “Potok-2”, “Elfor” and others are used, which generate a continuous direct current, or the “Amplipulse” and “Tonus-2” types, which serve as a source of pulsating or intermittent direct currents. Metal (or highly conductive) plates with pads made of hydrophilic fabric, at least 1 cm thick and 1.5 cm larger than the dimensions of the plate, are used as electrodes. The pads are first sterilized.

Methodology and aftercare

Drug electrophoresis is carried out in different ways.

• Electrophoresis according to Bourguignon. An electrode with a gasket soaked in drug solution is placed on closed eyelids, and a second electrode is placed on the back surface of the neck. In this way, medicinal substances are administered for diseases of the eyelids and anterior segment of the eye.
• Bath electropheresis more often used to influence intraocular structures. With this method, dissolved drugs are placed in a special eye bath with an electrode. The patient, in a sitting position, tilts his head and applies the tray to the open eyeball, immersing it in the solution. The second electrode is attached to the back of the neck. This method is used to treat inflammatory and degenerative processes in the anterior segment of the eye.
• Endonasal electrophoresis of drugs carried out with special pads placed in the nasal passages. Cotton pads wound onto metal electrodes are also used. The second electrode is placed on the back of the neck. The method is used for more effective delivery of drugs to the posterior segment of the eye during inflammatory and dystrophic processes in the retina and choroid.
• Local electrophoresis carried out from a special “point” electrode. In addition, the method is used to diagnose corneal diseases and assess the flow of intraocular fluid in glaucoma.

When electrophoresis using the methods described, the current is 0.5-1.0 mA, the duration of the procedure is 10-20 minutes. The course of treatment includes 10-15 procedures daily or every other day. Depending on the specific nosological forms and clinical picture of the disease, vasodilators and enzyme drugs, neuro- and angioprotectors, miotics, mydriatics and other agents are used. Drug solutions are introduced from the anode or cathode according to their polarity. Preliminarily, the stability of the drugs and the electric field, the possibility of the formation of toxic metabolites are established experimentally, the polarity of the drugs and the optimal concentration of administration are determined. All drugs for electrophoresis are approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and are included in a special list of drugs for physiotherapy, in which they are arranged according to polarity and the concentrations for administration are indicated.

Alternative Methods

Diadynamophoresis, magnetophoresis, phonophoresis.

Diadynamophoresis

Diadynamophoresis- a combined physiotherapeutic treatment method that involves administering drugs using direct current with half-sinusoidal pulses with a frequency of 50 and 100 Hz.

• Rationale. The main features of the action of diadynamic currents in the body are blocking sensitive nerve endings and increasing the threshold of pain sensitivity, stimulation of trophic processes, tissue metabolism and resorption of perineural edema. Diadynamic currents also contribute to the resorption of hemorrhages and opacities of the CT.
• Indications. Keratitis of various etiologies, especially those accompanied by pain; dystrophic and neurotrophic processes in the cornea; episcleritis, acute iridocyclitis; paresis of the extraocular muscles.
• Contraindications. Fresh hemorrhages and injuries, purulent inflammatory processes of the eyes (conjunctivitis, etc.).
• Preparation. To carry out diadynamic therapy and diadynamophoresis, domestically produced devices are used: “SNIM-1”, “Topus-1”, “Tonus-2”, foreign devices: “Diadynamic” (France), “Ridan” (Poland), “Biopulsar” (Bulgaria) ). The devices modulate various types of pulse current. In ophthalmic practice, three types of current are used: push-pull fixed, modulated by short periods and modulated by long periods.
• Methodology and subsequent care. For diadynamic therapysmall local bipolar electrodes and plate electrodes are used. Typically, the active electrode (cathode) is placed in the projection of the exit site of the supraorbital nerve on the skin of the forehead above the eyebrow or the infraorbital nerve (skin of the lower orbital margin). The second electrode is placed in the temporal region, at the outer canthus. The current strength is 1.0-1.5 mA, the duration of the procedure is 6-8 minutes. A pad made of hydrophilic fabric moistened with a solution of novocaine or isotonic solution is placed on the active electrode. During the procedure, the patient feels vibration or slight tingling. If there are plate electrodes, one is applied to the skin of the closed eyelids above the eyeball, the other is applied to the skin of the temporal region. The current strength is 0.2-0.5 mA, the duration of the procedure is 3-6 minutes. It is recommended to use several types of current in one procedure. For diadynamophoresisMore often, oval-shaped electrodes are used, which are placed on the closed eyelids of the diseased eye and on the area of ​​the superciliary arch. The activity of the electrode is determined by the polarity of the injected drug. Pads made of one layer of filter paper are moistened with drug solutions, which are placed between the skin and a hydrophilic cloth pad, on top of which an electrode is placed. Before the procedure, 1-2 drops of the injected substance are installed into the conjunctival cavity. First, a push-pull continuous current is applied for 10 minutes, then modulated in short periods for 2–3 minutes. The current strength is adjusted according to the patient’s subjective sensations (slight vibration), but not more than 2 mA. The course of treatment is 6-8 procedures, daily. To increase the effectiveness of treatment, you can use diadynamophoresis using the bath technique.
• Alternative methods. Medicinal electrophoresis, magnetophoresis.

Electrical stimulation

Electrical stimulation- the impact of weak pulses of electric current of a certain structure and sequence on the sensory and neuromuscular apparatus of the eye.

Rationale

The therapeutic effect of electrical stimulation is due to the functional induction of excess anabolism, which manifests itself in the activation of reparative processes of intracellular and tissue regeneration. As a result of these processes, the functionality of those elements that remain viable against the background of a decrease in the conductivity of nerve impulses is restored in the optic nerve and retina. The effects of electrical stimulation are used for diseases accompanied by damage to neuroreception and the reflex arc.

There are percutaneous, transconjunctival and implantation electrical stimulation. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation is most often used.

Indications

Optic nerve atrophy of various etiologies, amblyopia in children of the refractive and obscuration type, myopia, retinal dystrophy, primary open-angle compensated glaucoma, neurogenic keratitis.

Contraindications

Tumors of the orbit and eyeball, purulent processes to the orbit, thrombosis, embolism of the branches of the central vein and retinal artery, uncompensated glaucoma.

Preparation

The following devices are used for electrical stimulation: “ESU-2”, “ESO-2”, “Fosphen”, “Carnelian”.

Methodology and aftercare

The most common technique is in which the active electrode is applied to the patient’s upper eyelid alternately temporally and nasally. An indifferent electrode with a large contact surface is attached to the forearm. In order to determine the parameters of the stimulating current, the strength of the current is determined by the thresholds for the appearance of electrophosphenes, and its frequency is determined by the critical frequency of the decrease and disappearance of electrophosphenes. Monophasic negative rectangular pulses of 10 ms duration with a repetition frequency of 5-30 Hz and a current amplitude of 10-800 μA are supplied through the active electrode. Electrical stimulation is carried out in pattern mode (4-8 pulses each) at a pattern repetition rate of 0.5-20 Hz. 4-6 series of pulses lasting 15-45 s are applied to each eyeball, the interval between series is 1 minute. The course of treatment is 5-10 sessions, daily. If necessary, after 3-6 months. treatment can be repeated.

UHF therapy

UHF therapy is a treatment method that involves exposing parts of the body to a continuous or pulsed electric field of ultra-high frequency (40.68 and 27.12 MHz).

Rationale

An ultra-high frequency electric field causes vibrations of ions with the same frequency, rotation of dipole molecules, and polarization of dielectric particles. These phenomena are accompanied by the formation of intracellular heat, the amount of which depends on the electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of tissues. UHF radiation freely penetrates through air spaces, skin, subcutaneous fatty tissue, bone tissue, i.e., into those structures that remain inaccessible to other types of energy. Most of the UHF energy is absorbed in the subcutaneous fat tissue. This is where the greatest heating of tissues occurs.

Indications

Dacryocystitis, phlegmon of the lacrimal sac, barley, keratitis, uveitis.

Local contraindications

Lacrimation, dense chalazions, fresh or recurrent hemorrhages in the CT, uncompensated glaucoma, malignant tumors of the eye and orbit.

Preparation

In ophthalmic practice, devices such as “UHF-62”, “UHF-30”, “UHF 4”, etc. are used. They use a two-electrode technique.

Method of application

When influencing the area of ​​the eyeball, electrodes No. 1 (3.8 cm) are placed tangentially: one at a distance of 1 cm from the eye, the second at a distance of 4-5 cm from the auricle. Gaps of 2 cm are left between the skin and the electrodes. The dose of exposure is non-thermal or low-thermal. Duration of exposure 6-8 minutes. The course of treatment is from 3 to 10 procedures. For dacryocystitis, the active electrode is installed on the area of ​​the lacrimal sac with a gap of 1-1.5 cm, the other - on the opposite side of the nose at a distance of 3-4 cm from the nasolabial fold.

Aftercare

After the procedure, it is advisable to stay indoors for 15-20 minutes.

Alternative Methods

Diadynamic therapy, medicinal electrophoresis.

Magnetotherapy

Magnetotherapy- use of alternating or intermittent low-frequency constant magnetic fields for therapeutic purposes.

Rationale

Magnetic fields have a pronounced anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-edematous effect. Magnetotherapy improves trophism, accelerates tissue regeneration processes, epithelization of ulcerative surfaces, and improves microcirculation. Treatment is carried out with a constant, alternating and less often pulsed magnetic field. An alternating magnetic field has advantages, since to achieve the desired therapeutic effect, a lower field strength is required and the exposure time is significantly shortened.

Magnetic therapy is used to relieve inflammation and relieve edema, resolve infiltrates, exudate and intraocular hemorrhages, accelerate metabolic processes, improve blood circulation (microcirculation), improve trophism and better healing of corneal wounds. Magnetic therapy has advantages over other methods of physiotherapy: the procedure does not require contact of the eyeball with the inductor, since the magnetic field passes through closed eyelids and gauze bandages.

Indications

Diseases of the eyelids (blepharitis, styes), keratitis of various etiologies, keratoconus, iridocyclitis, postoperative complications, taperetinal and other retinal dystrophies, myopia and accommodation disorders, partial atrophy of the optic nerve, ischemic conditions of the retina, hemorrhages in the membranes and media of the eye, edematous exophthalmos.

Local contraindications

Intraocular foreign bodies, recurrent hemorrhages in the CT, hemorrhagic vasculitis.

Preparation

For low-frequency magnetic therapy, the Polyus-1 and Polyus-2 devices are often used.

Method of application

Procedure mode: 1st intensity, which corresponds to a magnetic induction of about 10 mT, sinusoidal magnetic field shape, continuous mode. The magnetic field inductor is placed directly in front of the affected eye. The procedure can be carried out through a gauze bandage. Duration of exposure is 7-10 minutes. for a course of 10-15 daily procedures.

Magnetophoresis

Magnetophoresis- a physiotherapeutic treatment method that allows you to administer drugs using a low-frequency magnetic field.

Rationale

In addition to the effects of drugs, the therapeutic effect is achieved through the influence of a magnetic field, which has vasoactive (mainly on microcirculation), anti-inflammatory (anti-edematous), trophic, local analgesic, and hypocoagulant effects. Unlike electrophoresis, for the administration of drugs there is no need to establish polarity, and the substances are administered in normal therapeutic doses. The bath method of administration and the more commonly used method of administration through closed eyelids are also used, when the medicinal substance is applied to the eyelids or pre-injected into the conjunctival cavity.

Indications

Acute and chronic inflammatory and dystrophic (degenerative) processes in the anterior and posterior segment of the eye, for example, in diseases such as endocrine ophthalmopathy, conjunctivitis, episcleritis, keratitis, epithelial-endothelial dystrophies of the cornea, dry eye syndrome, iridocyclitis, various dystrophic and edematous forms diseases of the retina and choroid of the eye.

Contraindications

The same as with magnetic therapy.

Electroreflexotherapy

Electroreflexotherapy- therapeutic and prophylactic effects of various physical factors on acupuncture points on the human body.

Synonym: puncture physiotherapy.

Rationale

Puncture physiotherapy owes its origin to acupuncture, which originated in ancient times. It is based on the idea of ​​internal energy channels communicating between internal organs and skin. In reflexology, the areas of the body that are affected are called acupuncture points. It is believed that acupuncture points are zones of maximum concentration of nerve elements, a peripheral reflex element through which the body can be exposed to various stimuli (electric, phono, laser, magnetopuncture, etc.) for therapeutic purposes.

Indications

Progressive myopia, accommodation spasms, amblyopia, glaucoma, cataracts. dystrophic diseases of the retina and optic nerve.

Preparation

The exact location of the points and the impact on them by physical factors is carried out using the devices “ELAN”, “ELITA”, “ATOS”, “Karat”. The latest generation of devices allows you to influence acupuncture points with direct and pulsed currents, “packs” of pulses, automatically switch the polarity of the current, and simultaneously influence 5-6 points.

Methodology

Stimulation of biologically active points carried out with an electric current of 20 to 500 μA at a voltage of no more than 9 V. The current strength depends on the location of biologically active points: for example, in the area of ​​the auricle the permissible level is 20-50 μA, and in the axillary mass of the gluteal region - up to 500 μA. During the procedure, the patient may feel a slight tingling, distension, and warmth in the area of ​​the acupuncture point.

Phototherapy

Light therapy combines methods that use the energy of electromagnetic oscillations of light and wavelengths close to it, in particular ultraviolet, infrared, and visible radiation. In ophthalmology, laser therapy is most widely used.

Laser therapy

Laser therapy- the use for therapeutic purposes of irradiating certain areas of the body with coherent monochromatic radiation obtained using quantum generators called lasers.

Rationale

Electromagnetic oscillations, which are coherent and monochromatic, make it possible to obtain high density with low output power (up to 50 mW). When exposed to laser radiation, a photodynamic effect occurs, which manifests itself in the activation of the cell’s nuclear apparatus, ribosomes, intracellular enzyme systems, cytochrome oxidase, catalase, etc.

The main clinical effects of laser therapy (analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous, antispasmodic, regenerative, desensitizing, immunocorrective, vasoactive, hypocholesterolemic, vagotonic, bactericidal and bacteriostatic) have been used in the treatment of many eye diseases.

Indications

Diseases of the anterior and posterior segment of the eye: blepharitis, barley, chalazion, keratitis, edematous forms of corneal dystrophy, dry eye syndrome, corneal healing disorders, inflammatory diseases of the eyelids. Laser stimulation of the ciliary muscle has a therapeutic effect for spasms of accommodation, mild myopia, and asthenopia. Laser stimulation of the retina and optic nerve is indicated for amblyopia, dystrophic diseases of the retina and optic nerve.

Methodology

Numerous devices have been proposed that generate laser radiation in therapeutic doses, with instructions and detailed descriptions of methods approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. They either directly irradiate the elements of the eyeball with laser radiation (devices “LOT”, “LAST”, etc.), or influence the neuroreceptor apparatus of the visual analyzer with reflected radiation by observing the laser speckle by the patient (devices “Spekle”, “LOT”, etc. .). The irradiation time usually does not exceed 5-10 minutes, the diameter of the laser radiation spot is 5-15 mm. When irradiating, up to 200 μW/cm laser radiation flux density is used. Depending on the area of ​​irradiation, different attachments are used. The course of treatment is prescribed 5-10 procedures, daily or every other day.

Quantum therapy

Quantum therapy- biorhythmic effect on the organ of vision of light quanta with low-intensity energy and different wavelengths.

Rationale

The therapeutic effect is due to the regulation of subcortical-cortical bioelectric processes, the exchange of neurotransmitters of the endorphin and immune systems, the hormonal activity of the endocrine glands, and the improvement of neuro- and hemodynamics.

Indications

Accommodative disorders, progressive myopia, asthenopia.

Method of application

Spectral ophthalmological devices are used that provide color pulse effects at different frequencies. Some devices combine both quantum effects and laser therapy in the infrared range.

Mechanical treatment

Phonophoresis

Includes the use of various types of massage, vibration therapy, and ultrasound therapy for therapeutic purposes. In ophthalmology, a treatment method such as phonophoresis is widely used.

Phonophoresis- a combined physico-chemical method of exposure to ultra-high frequency acoustic vibrations and drugs.

Rationale

The peculiarities of the method and clinical effects are due to both the influence of drugs and the influence of ultrasound, which has therapeutic effects. The mechanical effect is associated with the influence of variable acoustic pressure due to alternating zones of compression and discharge at the subcellular and cellular level (the so-called vibration micromassage). The thermal effect is associated with the effect of transforming the absorbed energy of ultrasonic vibrations into heat. The main clinical effects of ultrasound are anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic, metabolic, defibrosing.

Indications

Chalazion, cicatricial lesions of the skin of the eyelids, dystrophic processes in the anterior and posterior segments of the eye: opacities of the cornea, adhesions in the anterior segment of the eye during iridocyclitis and after operations, opacities of the eyelid, hemophthalmos, macudodystrophy, fibrous changes in the retina and choroid.

Contraindications

Fresh hemorrhages in the CT, acute iridocyclitis and uveitis.

Preparation

For phonophoresis, domestic devices are used, such as “UZT-104”, “UZT-3.06”, etc. The devices differ from each other in the frequency at which they operate. For deeper penetration of ultrasound, a frequency of 880 kHz is used, and for the anterior segment of the eye - 2640 kHz.

Methodology

A continuous or pulsed mode is used at an ultrasound intensity of 0.05 to 1.0 W/cm squared (usually 0.2-0.4 W/cm squared using the bath technique). The duration of the procedure is 5-7 minutes, daily or every other day. Various drugs are used, most often proteolytic agents: collalysin, hyaluronidase, aloe preparations, etc.

Combined physiotherapeutic procedures are proposed:

• phonoelectrophoresis- combined use of ultrasound, direct electric current and drugs;
• superelectrophoresis- preliminary sounding with ultrasound followed by phonoelectrophoresis.

Alternative Methods

Medicinal electrophoresis, magnetophoresis.

26-11-2018, 16:39

Description

Physiotherapy- one of the methods of conservative treatment, widely used in the complex treatment of eye diseases. Physiotherapeutic methods for treating eye diseases include electrotherapy, physical pharmacotherapy, phototherapy, mechanical therapy and barotherapy.

Electrotherapy

The effect of these methods on the body is based on the use of various types of electric current. In the practice of treating eye diseases, low-voltage direct electric current (galvanization), low-voltage pulsed currents (diadynamic therapy, electrical stimulation), high-voltage electric fields (UHF therapy), exposure to an alternating magnetic field (low-frequency magnetic therapy), and electroreflexotherapy are used.

The most common physiotherapeutic treatment method in ophthalmology is medicinal electrophoresis.

Drug electrophoresis

Drug electrophoresis- a combined physicochemical method of local exposure to direct electric current and drugs administered from aqueous solutions by electric current.

Synonym: iontophoresis.

Rationale

The peculiarities of drug electrophoresis are determined by the influence of both the drug used and direct electric current.

When passing through tissue from one electrode to another, electric current encounters resistance, which depends on the electrical conductivity of the tissue. In the eyeball, the intraocular fluid has the greatest electrical conductivity, and the epidermis of the eyelids has the least. To overcome places with the lowest electrical conductivity, significant current energy is expended, which leads to the occurrence of galvanic reactions of tissues, accompanied by significant heat generation, redistribution of ions in cellular and intercellular substances, changes in the pH of the environment, the formation of biochemically active substances, and activation of enzymes and metabolic processes. All this causes significant local activation of blood circulation, tissue hyperemia, and a burning sensation at the site of electrode action.

Galvanization increases blood and lymph circulation, increases the resorption capacity of tissues, stimulates metabolic and trophic processes, increases the secretory function of the glands, and significantly increases the permeability of the blood-ophthalmic barrier. Thanks to electrophoresis, the effect of the drug is prolonged at a dose less than that usually used for parenteral administration. In addition, the cornea serves as an ideal semi-permeable membrane through which ions penetrate into the eye. The increased permeability of the blood-ophthalmic barrier under the influence of galvanization leads to greater penetration of drugs into the eye than when they are injected into the tissue around the eyeball. In addition, drugs accumulate in tissues, which causes their prolonged effect on pathologically altered tissues.

Indications

Acute and chronic inflammatory and degenerative eye diseases: styes, phlegmons, chalazions, cicatricial changes in the eyelids, episcleritis, keratitis, iridocyclitis, adhesions in the anterior segment of the eye, hemophthalmos, opacities of the eye, chorioretinitis, central and peripheral chorioretinal degenerations, macular degeneration, postthrombotic retinopathy, neuritis and optic nerve atrophy.

Contraindications

General (valid for all physiotherapeutic methods):

• benign and malignant neoplasms;
• diseases of the blood and hematopoietic organs (hemorrhagic conditions, blood clotting disorders);
• epilepsy;
• acute infectious diseases and febrile conditions of unknown etiology;
• chronic infectious diseases in the acute stage (tuberculosis, brucellosis, etc.);
• decompensated diseases of the heart, lungs and other internal organs;
• stage III hypertension.

Local: intraocular metallic foreign bodies.

Preparation

For electrophoresis, devices such as “Potok-1”, “Potok-2”, “Elfor” and others are used, which generate a continuous direct current, or the “Amplipulse” and “Tonus-2” types, which serve as a source of pulsating or intermittent direct currents. Metal (or highly conductive) plates with pads made of hydrophilic fabric, at least 1 cm thick and 1.5 cm larger than the dimensions of the plate, are used as electrodes. The pads are first sterilized.

Methodology and aftercare

Drug electrophoresis is carried out in different ways.

• Electrophoresis according to Bourguignon. An electrode with a gasket soaked in drug solution is placed on closed eyelids, and a second electrode is placed on the back surface of the neck. In this way, medicinal substances are administered for diseases of the eyelids and anterior segment of the eye.
• Bath electropheresis more often used to influence intraocular structures. With this method, dissolved drugs are placed in a special eye bath with an electrode. The patient, in a sitting position, tilts his head and applies the tray to the open eyeball, immersing it in the solution. The second electrode is attached to the back of the neck. This method is used to treat inflammatory and degenerative processes in the anterior segment of the eye.
• Endonasal electrophoresis of drugs carried out with special pads placed in the nasal passages. Cotton pads wound onto metal electrodes are also used. The second electrode is placed on the back of the neck. The method is used for more effective delivery of drugs to the posterior segment of the eye during inflammatory and dystrophic processes in the retina and choroid.
• Local electrophoresis carried out from a special “point” electrode. In addition, the method is used to diagnose corneal diseases and assess the flow of intraocular fluid in glaucoma.

When electrophoresis using the methods described, the current is 0.5-1.0 mA, the duration of the procedure is 10-20 minutes. The course of treatment includes 10-15 procedures daily or every other day. Depending on the specific nosological forms and clinical picture of the disease, vasodilators and enzyme drugs, neuro- and angioprotectors, miotics, mydriatics and other agents are used. Drug solutions are introduced from the anode or cathode according to their polarity. Preliminarily, the stability of the drugs and the electric field, the possibility of the formation of toxic metabolites are established experimentally, the polarity of the drugs and the optimal concentration of administration are determined. All drugs for electrophoresis are approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and are included in a special list of drugs for physiotherapy, in which they are arranged according to polarity and the concentrations for administration are indicated.

Alternative Methods

Diadynamophoresis, magnetophoresis, phonophoresis.

Diadynamophoresis

Diadynamophoresis- a combined physiotherapeutic treatment method that involves administering drugs using direct current with half-sinusoidal pulses with a frequency of 50 and 100 Hz.

• Rationale. The main features of the action of diadynamic currents in the body are blocking sensitive nerve endings and increasing the threshold of pain sensitivity, stimulation of trophic processes, tissue metabolism and resorption of perineural edema. Diadynamic currents also contribute to the resorption of hemorrhages and opacities of the CT.
• Indications. Keratitis of various etiologies, especially those accompanied by pain; dystrophic and neurotrophic processes in the cornea; episcleritis, acute iridocyclitis; paresis of the extraocular muscles.
• Contraindications. Fresh hemorrhages and injuries, purulent inflammatory processes of the eyes (conjunctivitis, etc.).
• Preparation. To carry out diadynamic therapy and diadynamophoresis, domestically produced devices are used: “SNIM-1”, “Topus-1”, “Tonus-2”, foreign devices: “Diadynamic” (France), “Ridan” (Poland), “Biopulsar” (Bulgaria) ). The devices modulate various types of pulse current. In ophthalmic practice, three types of current are used: push-pull fixed, modulated by short periods and modulated by long periods.
• Methodology and subsequent care. For diadynamic therapysmall local bipolar electrodes and plate electrodes are used. Typically, the active electrode (cathode) is placed in the projection of the exit site of the supraorbital nerve on the skin of the forehead above the eyebrow or the infraorbital nerve (skin of the lower orbital margin). The second electrode is placed in the temporal region, at the outer canthus. The current strength is 1.0-1.5 mA, the duration of the procedure is 6-8 minutes. A pad made of hydrophilic fabric moistened with a solution of novocaine or isotonic solution is placed on the active electrode. During the procedure, the patient feels vibration or slight tingling. If there are plate electrodes, one is applied to the skin of the closed eyelids above the eyeball, the other is applied to the skin of the temporal region. The current strength is 0.2-0.5 mA, the duration of the procedure is 3-6 minutes. It is recommended to use several types of current in one procedure. For diadynamophoresisMore often, oval-shaped electrodes are used, which are placed on the closed eyelids of the diseased eye and on the area of ​​the superciliary arch. The activity of the electrode is determined by the polarity of the injected drug. Pads made of one layer of filter paper are moistened with drug solutions, which are placed between the skin and a hydrophilic cloth pad, on top of which an electrode is placed. Before the procedure, 1-2 drops of the injected substance are installed into the conjunctival cavity. First, a push-pull continuous current is applied for 10 minutes, then modulated in short periods for 2–3 minutes. The current strength is adjusted according to the patient’s subjective sensations (slight vibration), but not more than 2 mA. The course of treatment is 6-8 procedures, daily. To increase the effectiveness of treatment, you can use diadynamophoresis using the bath technique.
• Alternative methods. Medicinal electrophoresis, magnetophoresis.

Electrical stimulation

Electrical stimulation- the impact of weak pulses of electric current of a certain structure and sequence on the sensory and neuromuscular apparatus of the eye.

Rationale

The therapeutic effect of electrical stimulation is due to the functional induction of excess anabolism, which manifests itself in the activation of reparative processes of intracellular and tissue regeneration. As a result of these processes, the functionality of those elements that remain viable against the background of a decrease in the conductivity of nerve impulses is restored in the optic nerve and retina. The effects of electrical stimulation are used for diseases accompanied by damage to neuroreception and the reflex arc.

There are percutaneous, transconjunctival and implantation electrical stimulation. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation is most often used.

Indications

Optic nerve atrophy of various etiologies, amblyopia in children of the refractive and obscuration type, myopia, retinal dystrophy, primary open-angle compensated glaucoma, neurogenic keratitis.

Contraindications

Tumors of the orbit and eyeball, purulent processes to the orbit, thrombosis, embolism of the branches of the central vein and retinal artery, uncompensated glaucoma.

Preparation

The following devices are used for electrical stimulation: “ESU-2”, “ESO-2”, “Fosphen”, “Carnelian”.

Methodology and aftercare

The most common technique is in which the active electrode is applied to the patient’s upper eyelid alternately temporally and nasally. An indifferent electrode with a large contact surface is attached to the forearm. In order to determine the parameters of the stimulating current, the strength of the current is determined by the thresholds for the appearance of electrophosphenes, and its frequency is determined by the critical frequency of the decrease and disappearance of electrophosphenes. Monophasic negative rectangular pulses of 10 ms duration with a repetition frequency of 5-30 Hz and a current amplitude of 10-800 μA are supplied through the active electrode. Electrical stimulation is carried out in pattern mode (4-8 pulses each) at a pattern repetition rate of 0.5-20 Hz. 4-6 series of pulses lasting 15-45 s are applied to each eyeball, the interval between series is 1 minute. The course of treatment is 5-10 sessions, daily. If necessary, after 3-6 months. treatment can be repeated.

UHF therapy

UHF therapy is a treatment method that involves exposing parts of the body to a continuous or pulsed electric field of ultra-high frequency (40.68 and 27.12 MHz).

Rationale

An ultra-high frequency electric field causes vibrations of ions with the same frequency, rotation of dipole molecules, and polarization of dielectric particles. These phenomena are accompanied by the formation of intracellular heat, the amount of which depends on the electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of tissues. UHF radiation freely penetrates through air spaces, skin, subcutaneous fatty tissue, bone tissue, i.e., into those structures that remain inaccessible to other types of energy. Most of the UHF energy is absorbed in the subcutaneous fat tissue. This is where the greatest heating of tissues occurs.

Indications

Dacryocystitis, phlegmon of the lacrimal sac, barley, keratitis, uveitis.

Local contraindications

Lacrimation, dense chalazions, fresh or recurrent hemorrhages in the CT, uncompensated glaucoma, malignant tumors of the eye and orbit.

Preparation

In ophthalmic practice, devices such as “UHF-62”, “UHF-30”, “UHF 4”, etc. are used. They use a two-electrode technique.

Method of application

When influencing the area of ​​the eyeball, electrodes No. 1 (3.8 cm) are placed tangentially: one at a distance of 1 cm from the eye, the second at a distance of 4-5 cm from the auricle. Gaps of 2 cm are left between the skin and the electrodes. The dose of exposure is non-thermal or low-thermal. Duration of exposure 6-8 minutes. The course of treatment is from 3 to 10 procedures. For dacryocystitis, the active electrode is installed on the area of ​​the lacrimal sac with a gap of 1-1.5 cm, the other - on the opposite side of the nose at a distance of 3-4 cm from the nasolabial fold.

Aftercare

After the procedure, it is advisable to stay indoors for 15-20 minutes.

Alternative Methods

Diadynamic therapy, medicinal electrophoresis.

Magnetotherapy

Magnetotherapy- use of alternating or intermittent low-frequency constant magnetic fields for therapeutic purposes.

Rationale

Magnetic fields have a pronounced anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-edematous effect. Magnetotherapy improves trophism, accelerates tissue regeneration processes, epithelization of ulcerative surfaces, and improves microcirculation. Treatment is carried out with a constant, alternating and less often pulsed magnetic field. An alternating magnetic field has advantages, since to achieve the desired therapeutic effect, a lower field strength is required and the exposure time is significantly shortened.

Magnetic therapy is used to relieve inflammation and relieve edema, resolve infiltrates, exudate and intraocular hemorrhages, accelerate metabolic processes, improve blood circulation (microcirculation), improve trophism and better healing of corneal wounds. Magnetic therapy has advantages over other methods of physiotherapy: the procedure does not require contact of the eyeball with the inductor, since the magnetic field passes through closed eyelids and gauze bandages.

Indications

Diseases of the eyelids (blepharitis, styes), keratitis of various etiologies, keratoconus, iridocyclitis, postoperative complications, taperetinal and other retinal dystrophies, myopia and accommodation disorders, partial atrophy of the optic nerve, ischemic conditions of the retina, hemorrhages in the membranes and media of the eye, edematous exophthalmos.

Local contraindications

Intraocular foreign bodies, recurrent hemorrhages in the CT, hemorrhagic vasculitis.

Preparation

For low-frequency magnetic therapy, the Polyus-1 and Polyus-2 devices are often used.

Method of application

Procedure mode: 1st intensity, which corresponds to a magnetic induction of about 10 mT, sinusoidal magnetic field shape, continuous mode. The magnetic field inductor is placed directly in front of the affected eye. The procedure can be carried out through a gauze bandage. Duration of exposure is 7-10 minutes. for a course of 10-15 daily procedures.

Magnetophoresis

Magnetophoresis- a physiotherapeutic treatment method that allows you to administer drugs using a low-frequency magnetic field.

Rationale

In addition to the effects of drugs, the therapeutic effect is achieved through the influence of a magnetic field, which has vasoactive (mainly on microcirculation), anti-inflammatory (anti-edematous), trophic, local analgesic, and hypocoagulant effects. Unlike electrophoresis, for the administration of drugs there is no need to establish polarity, and the substances are administered in normal therapeutic doses. The bath method of administration and the more commonly used method of administration through closed eyelids are also used, when the medicinal substance is applied to the eyelids or pre-injected into the conjunctival cavity.

Indications

Acute and chronic inflammatory and dystrophic (degenerative) processes in the anterior and posterior segment of the eye, for example, in diseases such as endocrine ophthalmopathy, conjunctivitis, episcleritis, keratitis, epithelial-endothelial dystrophies of the cornea, dry eye syndrome, iridocyclitis, various dystrophic and edematous forms diseases of the retina and choroid of the eye.

Contraindications

The same as with magnetic therapy.

Electroreflexotherapy

Electroreflexotherapy- therapeutic and prophylactic effects of various physical factors on acupuncture points on the human body.

Synonym: puncture physiotherapy.

Rationale

Puncture physiotherapy owes its origin to acupuncture, which originated in ancient times. It is based on the idea of ​​internal energy channels communicating between internal organs and skin. In reflexology, the areas of the body that are affected are called acupuncture points. It is believed that acupuncture points are zones of maximum concentration of nerve elements, a peripheral reflex element through which the body can be exposed to various stimuli (electric, phono, laser, magnetopuncture, etc.) for therapeutic purposes.

Indications

Progressive myopia, accommodation spasms, amblyopia, glaucoma, cataracts. dystrophic diseases of the retina and optic nerve.

Preparation

The exact location of the points and the impact on them by physical factors is carried out using the devices “ELAN”, “ELITA”, “ATOS”, “Karat”. The latest generation of devices allows you to influence acupuncture points with direct and pulsed currents, “packs” of pulses, automatically switch the polarity of the current, and simultaneously influence 5-6 points.

Methodology

Stimulation of biologically active points carried out with an electric current of 20 to 500 μA at a voltage of no more than 9 V. The current strength depends on the location of biologically active points: for example, in the area of ​​the auricle the permissible level is 20-50 μA, and in the axillary mass of the gluteal region - up to 500 μA. During the procedure, the patient may feel a slight tingling, distension, and warmth in the area of ​​the acupuncture point.

Phototherapy

Light therapy combines methods that use the energy of electromagnetic oscillations of light and wavelengths close to it, in particular ultraviolet, infrared, and visible radiation. In ophthalmology, laser therapy is most widely used.

Laser therapy

Laser therapy- the use for therapeutic purposes of irradiating certain areas of the body with coherent monochromatic radiation obtained using quantum generators called lasers.

Rationale

Electromagnetic oscillations, which are coherent and monochromatic, make it possible to obtain high density with low output power (up to 50 mW). When exposed to laser radiation, a photodynamic effect occurs, which manifests itself in the activation of the cell’s nuclear apparatus, ribosomes, intracellular enzyme systems, cytochrome oxidase, catalase, etc.

The main clinical effects of laser therapy (analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous, antispasmodic, regenerative, desensitizing, immunocorrective, vasoactive, hypocholesterolemic, vagotonic, bactericidal and bacteriostatic) have been used in the treatment of many eye diseases.

Indications

Diseases of the anterior and posterior segment of the eye: blepharitis, barley, chalazion, keratitis, edematous forms of corneal dystrophy, dry eye syndrome, corneal healing disorders, inflammatory diseases of the eyelids. Laser stimulation of the ciliary muscle has a therapeutic effect for spasms of accommodation, mild myopia, and asthenopia. Laser stimulation of the retina and optic nerve is indicated for amblyopia, dystrophic diseases of the retina and optic nerve.

Methodology

Numerous devices have been proposed that generate laser radiation in therapeutic doses, with instructions and detailed descriptions of methods approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. They either directly irradiate the elements of the eyeball with laser radiation (devices “LOT”, “LAST”, etc.), or influence the neuroreceptor apparatus of the visual analyzer with reflected radiation by observing the laser speckle by the patient (devices “Spekle”, “LOT”, etc. .). The irradiation time usually does not exceed 5-10 minutes, the diameter of the laser radiation spot is 5-15 mm. When irradiating, up to 200 μW/cm laser radiation flux density is used. Depending on the area of ​​irradiation, different attachments are used. The course of treatment is prescribed 5-10 procedures, daily or every other day.

Quantum therapy

Quantum therapy- biorhythmic effect on the organ of vision of light quanta with low-intensity energy and different wavelengths.

Rationale

The therapeutic effect is due to the regulation of subcortical-cortical bioelectric processes, the exchange of neurotransmitters of the endorphin and immune systems, the hormonal activity of the endocrine glands, and the improvement of neuro- and hemodynamics.

Indications

Accommodative disorders, progressive myopia, asthenopia.

Method of application

Spectral ophthalmological devices are used that provide color pulse effects at different frequencies. Some devices combine both quantum effects and laser therapy in the infrared range.

Mechanical treatment

Phonophoresis

Includes the use of various types of massage, vibration therapy, and ultrasound therapy for therapeutic purposes. In ophthalmology, a treatment method such as phonophoresis is widely used.

Phonophoresis- a combined physico-chemical method of exposure to ultra-high frequency acoustic vibrations and drugs.

Rationale

The peculiarities of the method and clinical effects are due to both the influence of drugs and the influence of ultrasound, which has therapeutic effects. The mechanical effect is associated with the influence of variable acoustic pressure due to alternating zones of compression and discharge at the subcellular and cellular level (the so-called vibration micromassage). The thermal effect is associated with the effect of transforming the absorbed energy of ultrasonic vibrations into heat. The main clinical effects of ultrasound are anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic, metabolic, defibrosing.

Indications

Chalazion, cicatricial lesions of the skin of the eyelids, dystrophic processes in the anterior and posterior segments of the eye: opacities of the cornea, adhesions in the anterior segment of the eye during iridocyclitis and after operations, opacities of the eyelid, hemophthalmos, macudodystrophy, fibrous changes in the retina and choroid.

Contraindications

Fresh hemorrhages in the CT, acute iridocyclitis and uveitis.

Preparation

For phonophoresis, domestic devices are used, such as “UZT-104”, “UZT-3.06”, etc. The devices differ from each other in the frequency at which they operate. For deeper penetration of ultrasound, a frequency of 880 kHz is used, and for the anterior segment of the eye - 2640 kHz.

Methodology

A continuous or pulsed mode is used at an ultrasound intensity of 0.05 to 1.0 W/cm squared (usually 0.2-0.4 W/cm squared using the bath technique). The duration of the procedure is 5-7 minutes, daily or every other day. Various drugs are used, most often proteolytic agents: collalysin, hyaluronidase, aloe preparations, etc.

Combined physiotherapeutic procedures are proposed:

• phonoelectrophoresis- combined use of ultrasound, direct electric current and drugs;
• superelectrophoresis- preliminary sounding with ultrasound followed by phonoelectrophoresis.

Alternative Methods

Medicinal electrophoresis, magnetophoresis.