Treatment course for pulmonary tuberculosis. Drug treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, drugs

Tuberculosis treatment regimens should be understood as various drug combinations, their dosages and duration of use, as well as methods of administration ( orally, intravenously, intramuscularly).

Treatment of such patients is possible only in an anti-tuberculosis hospital, where they will be constantly under the supervision of doctors.

Duration of treatment at least 12 months.

Treatment regimens for pulmonary tuberculosis

Tuberculosis treatment is always carried out according to established standards. To treat the disease, chemotherapy drugs are used, which differ in efficiency and safety.

To simplify the administration of therapy and prevent the development of resistance of mycobacteria, special schemes. They are prescribed depending on the type of disease identified, the resistance of the pathogen and other indications.

4 treatment regimens for tuberculosis

In all treatment regimens there are intensive phase and continuation of treatment. The first lasts from two months and is aimed at achieving remission. In this case, the most powerful means are usually used. The continuation phase is carried out with drugs that are chosen based on how effective the active treatment was. Its goal is primarily to consolidate the achieved state of remission and prevent exacerbation of tuberculosis.

1 chemotherapy system for primary patients

This treatment regimen is indicated apply to patients:

• with newly diagnosed tuberculosis and the presence of mycobacteria in sputum;
• without isolation of the pathogen, with forms of the disease such as disseminated tuberculosis and pleurisy.

The intensive phase lasts two to three months until the sensitivity and resistance of mycobacteria are determined using laboratory methods.

It is based on the use of 5 drugs: Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Streptomycin, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol.

Important. Every year people die from tuberculosis 3 million Human. This is more than AIDS, malaria, diarrhea and all tropical diseases combined.

During the intensive phase, the patient must take orally at least 60 doses chemotherapy drugs in a prescribed combination. In cases where the patient misses taking the medication for one reason or another, the due date is shifted by one day. In any case, he must take all the doses prescribed to him.

The transition to the continuation phase is considered to be the cessation of the release of mycobacteria, improvement in the general condition of the patient, and a decrease in the severity of clinical and radiological manifestations of the disease.

If after 60 days treatment, the sensitivity of the pathogen to first-line drugs remains, then the medication is continued within 4 months. The patient at this time 120 doses of Isoniazid and Rifampicin are prescribed. The use of medications can be daily or intermittent, that is, once every two days. An alternative is combination of Ethambutol with Isoniazid, which should be taken for six months.

Photo 1. The photo shows anti-tuberculosis drugs for intravenous and oral administration and a disposable syringe.

2nd treatment option for patients with relapse

Highlight two schemes such anti-tuberculosis therapy:

• 2a- indicated for patients with relapse diseases and patients who received inadequate treatment more than a month. for example, it is used by people who were treated with the wrong combination of chemotherapy drugs or did not receive enough drugs. At the same time, the likelihood of drug resistance should be low;
• 2b- used to treat patients with a high risk of developing MBT drug resistance. These are people who have been in contact with bacteria, those who do not have a permanent place of residence, people with concomitant diseases, and others.

Each of these schemes has distinctive features.

2a diagram

During the intensive phase, the following is recommended:

• during the first two months of fixed assets - Rifampicin, Ethambutol, Isoniazid along with Pyrazinamide and Streptomycin;
• in the third month - the same drugs except Streptomycin.

During the entire intensive phase the patient receives 90 doses four main drugs against tuberculosis and 60 doses Streptomycin. If after three months of therapy the sensitivity of the pathogen remains, then the use of 150 doses Isoniazid, Rifampicin, and Ethambutol. You can use them daily or in three times every 7 days.

If, at the end of the intensive phase, bacterial excretion continues, as determined by bacterioscopic examination of sputum, or bacterial resistance to drugs is determined, it is necessary to change the chemotherapy regimen. In this case, the patient continues to take medications, the effectiveness of which is preserved, but they are additionally prescribed backup medications. The duration of the course increases by 60-90 days.

In most cases, this treatment regimen is carried out within nine months. If multidrug resistance of the pathogen is determined, the patient is transferred to the IV option of chemotherapy.

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2b diagram

In this case, during the intensive phase of treatment, it is added to the treatment regimen. Kanamycin and Fluoroquinolone.

The continuation phase is determined based on the results of mycobacterial resistance studies.

If multiple resistance of MBT to such agents as Rifampicin or Isoniazid, a transfer to the fourth chemotherapy regimen is indicated.

3 way of active therapy

A third chemotherapy regimen is used to treat first identified pulmonary tuberculosis without isolation of mycobacteria. To prescribe it, the patient’s lung tissue damage should not exceed an area equal to two segments.

The intensive phase usually lasts two month. At this time, first-line therapy drugs are used: Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin and Ethambutol. Total used 60 doses medicines.

Sometimes after 60 days treatment fails to determine the sensitivity of mycobacteria to chemotherapy. In such cases, continued therapy is indicated until this information can be obtained.

The continuation phase of treatment begins when there is a pronounced positive trend in clinical and radiological manifestations. In such cases, the use of Isoniazid and Rifampicin in the following modes:

• 120 doses for four months every day;
• The same amount of drugs in intermittent mode - 3 times a week.

Also in the continuation phase of treatment can be used Ethambutol and Isoniazid within six months. The total duration of chemotherapy during the third treatment regimen is 6-8 months.

The fourth order of treatment for tuberculosis with resistant microbacteria

This chemotherapy is indicated for patients who secrete a lot drug-resistant mycobacteria. Therefore, before starting medication in a patient, the sensitivity of MBT should be determined. To do this, it is better to use express methods, for example, BACTEC system.

Photo 2. Appointment with the doctor, a photo of the lungs in the background. The doctor has a sterile mask on his face.

Based on the results of data on the drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an individual chemotherapy regimen is selected.

Reference. Treatment is carried out only in specialized anti-tuberculosis hospital. This is due to the fact that it is necessary carefully control both the results of microbiological studies and the effectiveness of therapy.

Drugs indicated for the treatment of patients with drug-resistant MBT include:

• Kanamycin;
• Cycloserine;
• Capreomycin;
• fluoroquinolones and other reserve anti-tuberculosis drugs.

The duration of the intensive phase is six months. At this time, a combination of drugs consisting of at least five drugs is used. Basic drugs can be added to reserve anti-tuberculosis drugs in cases where mycobacteria remain sensitive to them.

The use of anti-tuberculosis drugs in the intensive phase is indicated until positive clinical and radiological dynamics appear, as well as at least two negative results during bacteriological examination of sputum.

Along with the use chemotherapy funds can be used surgical methods, for example, artificial pneumothorax. This allows you to significantly speed up the process of remission of the disease.

The continuation phase of treatment begins when the patient becomes stabilization of the disease, bacterial excretion stops according to culture and microscopic examination of sputum. At the same time, it is necessary that positive dynamics be noted according to clinical data and the results of X-ray examination.

During this period, a combination is used consisting of at least three anti-tuberculosis drugs, including the main ones to which sensitivity is preserved. Duration of medication use - more than 12 months.

Useful video

Do I need to undergo fluorography annually? Every year, there are 9 million cases of tuberculosis infection and 3 million deaths worldwide. The video shows how this disease is treated in a scientific and practical center.

Conclusion

Choosing a chemotherapy regimen for tuberculosis requires great responsibility and complete examination of the patient. If the treatment regimen is chosen incorrectly, then remission of the disease will not occur, the patient will not experience an improvement in the condition or a decrease in the clinical manifestations of the disease. In cases where the doctor chooses the right combination and regimen of chemotherapy drugs, it is possible to for several months achieve significant improvement in condition.

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For effective treatment and preventive measures, anti-tuberculosis drugs are used - specific antibacterial agents intended for chemotherapy in patients with consumption.

Classification of funds

For various forms of the pathological process, drugs for pulmonary tuberculosis are used, which have a high bacteriostatic effect against the causative agent of the disease.

Anti-tuberculosis drugs are divided into 3 groups: A, B, C. In many cases, first-line (main) substances are prescribed for therapy:

• Rifampicin;
• Pyrazinamide;
• Isoniazid;
• Ethambutol;
• Streptomycin.

If resistant forms of the tuberculosis pathogen appear and there is no effect of treatment, the patient is prescribed second-line (reserve) drugs:

• Ethionamide;
• Cycloserine;
• Amikacin;
• Capreomycin.

• Ofloxacin;
• Levofloxacin.

If the disease has gone too far, it is advisable to include bacteriostatic agents in the list of necessary means:

• Ethionamide;
• Terizidone.

Group 5 of drugs includes drugs with unproven activity:

• Amoxiclav;
• Clarithromycin;
• Linezolid.

It is necessary to follow certain rules when prescribing anti-tuberculosis drugs - the classification of drugs makes it easier to select the necessary drugs.

After diagnosis, taking into account the symptoms of the disease, the patient is registered at the dispensary. In the first accounting group, patients with an active form of tuberculosis are observed and treated.

There are several subgroups in which there are patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis, releasing bacteria into the environment. The chronic course of the disease of any localization is subject to careful monitoring and treatment, especially in the case of the development of cavernous and cirrhotic processes. After chemotherapy, residual changes in the lung tissue remain. Patients are under medical supervision.

A fairly common phenomenon is human contact with a source of tuberculosis infection. The patient must regularly visit the doctor to identify the primary infection. Children and adolescents with a tuberculin test are regularly examined by a TB specialist.

Treatment of lung disease is carried out in compliance with the basic principles:

• early use of effective chemotherapy;
• complex use of drugs;
• prescribing medications taking into account the characteristics of the pathogen;
• regular monitoring of the therapy process.

The patient is prescribed specific, pathogenetic and symptomatic treatment.

Vital medications

Tuberculosis tablets destroy sensitive mycobacteria, so they are used in the intensive care phase to stop the release of the pathogen into the environment. First-line drugs are prescribed to be taken for 2 months (at least 60 daily doses) for patients who are newly diagnosed with tuberculosis.

For treatment, 4 drugs are prescribed:

• Isoniazid;
• Rifampicin;
• Pyrazinamide;
• Ethambutol.

In an HIV-infected patient, Rifampicin is replaced with Rifabutin. To continue therapy for several months, the main drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis are prescribed - Isoniazid and Rifampicin. Often the patient is recommended to take 3 first-line drugs against tuberculosis - Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol. The course of therapy lasts 5 months.

The tuberculosis treatment regimen is recommended for patients who have interrupted therapy or are undergoing a repeat course. If resistance of the tuberculosis pathogen is diagnosed, daily doses of drugs are prescribed in 1 dose to establish their high concentration in the blood serum.

The anti-tuberculosis drug Pyrazinamide is prescribed to the patient if there are contraindications to the use of Ethambutol. The dose of the medication is determined taking into account the age and weight of the patient; Children and adolescents are prescribed the drug for medical reasons.

Combined products: advantages and disadvantages

Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in adults is carried out with the help of medications designed to control their intake and prevent overdose. Combined anti-tuberculosis drugs include 3-5 components.

The following medications are used in outpatient practice:

• Rifinag;
• Phthisoetam;
• Rimcourt;
• Prothiocomb.

The main components of the combined drugs are isoniazid, ethambutol, vitamin B6. The medicine Lomecomb consists of 5 ingredients that influence the course of the acute process.

Combined drugs are prescribed to patients with tuberculosis diagnosed for the first time, as well as with severe resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin.

In the tuberculosis dispensary, therapy is carried out using the drugs Lomecomb and Protiocomb, which increase the effectiveness of treatment in the event of a progressive form of the disease. The main disadvantage of combined substances is the presence of side effects.

Reserve medicines

If it is not possible to achieve the effect of treatment with first-line drugs, the patient is prescribed backup drugs:

• Cycloserine;
• Ethionamide;
• Kanamycin;
• PASK.

Their use gives good results in the treatment of the disease.

For the treatment of resistant dosage forms, Levofloxacin from the group of fluoroquinolones is used. The daily dose is set individually for each patient, taking into account the pharmacokinetics of the drug. If the patient does not tolerate Levofloxacin well, Avelox is prescribed, an antibiotic that has a universal effect.

Treatment of the intensive phase of pulmonary tuberculosis is carried out using combined drugs that cause the development of side effects. Levofloxacin is prescribed simultaneously with medications that eliminate its side effects on the nervous system.

PAS has a negative effect on the stomach and intestines. The patient is recommended to take the medicine with water mixed with cranberry juice. Taking PAS is discontinued if the patient develops joint pain.

Side effect

The doctor monitors concomitant reactions during treatment with chemicals. The patient is prescribed blood and urine tests, ALT and AST in the blood are determined, the presence of creatinine is determined, and a doctor’s examination is recommended during treatment with aminoglycosides.

Side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs are manifested by unpleasant symptoms. Isoniazid causes headache, irritability, and insomnia. The patient's optic nerve is affected, palpitations, heart pain, and symptoms of angina pectoris occur. Rifampicin (Ref) is difficult to tolerate by patients, because causes serious complications from the nervous system:

• visual impairment;
• unsteady gait;
• lack of correct orientation in space.

Often the patient develops an allergic reaction, accompanied by muscle pain, weakness, herpetic rashes, and fever.

Therapy with anti-tuberculosis drugs has a negative effect on the digestive system. The patient complains of nausea, vomiting, pain in the stomach and liver. Kanamycin sulfate causes dyspeptic disorders, neuritis and the appearance of blood in the urine.

How to take medications

To treat pulmonary tuberculosis, a specific therapy regimen is prescribed. The medicine is taken in the dose recommended by the doctor, taking into account the stage of development of the disease.

The treatment regimen includes substances that enhance the effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs, for example, glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine disodium. Patients with HIV infection receive therapy for 9-12 months.

Levofloxacin is prescribed if the causative agent of the disease is resistant to drugs of the main group. The antibiotic is taken continuously for 24 months. It has a bactericidal effect, but is not recommended for patients with kidney disease. The medicine is non-toxic, so patients tolerate it well.

For the treatment of adults, aminoglycosides are prescribed in combination with penicillins. Amikacin is administered intramuscularly, intravenously. The doctor prescribes the dose of the drug individually. During treatment, the patient is given plenty of fluids to drink. Amikacin should not be mixed with other drugs.

Patients with diabetes when treated with Rifampicin and Isoniazid should monitor blood glucose levels.

PASK tablets are taken according to the instructions, washed down with milk or alkaline mineral water. Fraction ASD 2 is recommended for patients with severe tuberculosis.

Therapy with Dorogov's stimulant

If resistance to 1st and 2nd line drugs has developed, some patients use unconventional methods of treatment. For pulmonary tuberculosis, the drug ASD has proven itself to be an antiseptic and stimulant that restores the cells of the diseased organ and the immune system.

Treatment with the ASD fraction improves lung function, increases the number of enzymes and restores the permeability of the cell membrane. As a result of the action of the drug, metabolism in the tissues of the diseased organ is activated. The medicine has an unpleasant odor, so before taking it it is mixed with juice or kefir.

Pulmonary tuberculosis in adults and children is treated according to a specific regimen. The dose of the drug is prescribed by the doctor. The duration of therapy does not exceed 3 months. In some cases, the patient develops an allergic reaction; in patients with unstable mental health, uncontrollable agitation occurs. In this case, the drug is discontinued.

The fraction is contraindicated for pregnant and nursing mothers. Modern pharmacology considers ASD as a natural complex, similar in structure to the substances that make up the human body.

New drugs

Among the best drugs is the effective drug SQ109, used to treat patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. After using it for 6 months, it is possible to stop the release of the pathogen into the environment. The medicine is safe and well tolerated by patients. SQ 109 is prescribed for combination therapy in combination with Isoniazid, Bedaquiline and Ampicillin.

New anti-tuberculosis drugs belong to the 2nd line drugs and have an antibacterial effect. The patient is prescribed medications:

• Bedaquiline;
• Linezolid;
• Sparfloxacin;
• Ethionamide.

New anti-tuberculosis drugs help to successfully combat primary or secondary drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among the new drugs for tuberculosis, the drugs BPaMZ and BPaL, used for the treatment of tuberculosis of various localizations, have an effective effect. The drug BPaL is used to treat illness caused by resistant forms of the pathogen.

New drugs against tuberculosis are undergoing clinical trials and significantly reducing the duration of therapy. The drug Prothiocomb reduces the number of tablets needed to take during the day several times, and its effectiveness is not inferior to the effect of single drugs.

Alcohol compatibility

Patients who abuse alcohol often develop tuberculosis. Treatment for a drinker is lengthy and accompanied by severe complications. For alcohol dependence, a patient with tuberculosis is prescribed drugs such as:

• Streptomycin;
• PASK;
• Rifampicin.

If during treatment the patient allows himself a small dose of alcohol, gastritis often develops after taking the medicine, increasing the load on the liver.

Amikacin in combination with alcohol causes nausea and vomiting. Symptoms of depression of the nervous system occur after the simultaneous use of the antibacterial drug Amikacin and strong alcoholic beverages. A bad habit and unauthorized cessation of treatment often lead to a decrease in the body’s defenses and the development of the cavernous form of tuberculosis.

The combination of the following drugs with alcohol is extremely dangerous: Rifadina, Isoniazid, Ethionamide. After drinking small doses of alcohol, the patient develops symptoms of acute hepatitis. The simultaneous use of anti-tuberculosis drugs and alcohol disrupts the function of the pancreas and increases inflammation of the respiratory tract.

Contraindications for use

Anti-tuberculosis drugs do not always benefit the patient. Isoniazid is not prescribed to patients with liver disease, epilepsy and reactive psychosis. PAS causes exacerbation of gastric and duodenal ulcers, glomerulonephritis, nephrosis, hypothyroidism.

In the vast majority of cases, Amikacin is not recommended for patients suffering from pathologies of the organs of vision and hearing, or renal failure.

Sometimes patients complain of an allergic reaction during treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs.

• Tavegil;
• Diazolin;
• Zaditen.

Ciprofloxacin is not prescribed to elderly people, pregnant women, or those with hypersensitivity to the drug. In tuberculosis dispensaries, infusion therapy begins with a jet injection of an antibiotic.

• thrombophlebitis;
• hypertension of II and III degrees;
• diabetes mellitus;
• hemorrhagic diathesis;
• circulatory failure of II and III degrees.

During breastfeeding, taking Rifampicin and medications from the fluoroquinolone group is contraindicated.

Preventive action

A patient takes pills to prevent tuberculosis. Streptomycin is prescribed to pregnant women, patients suffering from pathologies of the brain, kidneys, and heart. Tuberculosis is prevented in children and adults using the drug Metazide. The drug has a bactericidal effect, but sometimes causes side effects:

• dizziness;
• nausea;
• vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• allergic reaction.

The medicine is taken simultaneously with vitamins B1 and B6. The drug is contraindicated in patients with diseases of the nervous system.

Prevention of tuberculosis in adults is carried out using a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Cycloserine is taken as prescribed by a doctor. The medicine is contraindicated for people with mental disorders who abuse alcohol.

A drinking patient experiences headache, tremor, disorientation, and increased irritability. When taking an antibiotic, you must be careful because... the patient may experience seizures. In this case, the patient is prescribed sedatives and anticonvulsants.

The success of treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis depends on the exact implementation of the doctor’s recommendations and adherence to the treatment regimen.

Many people are interested in whether tuberculosis can be cured or not. Modern medicine has made a breakthrough in methods and methods for curing this disease. Today they give positive prognoses to patients. The most important thing is to seek medical help in a timely manner. What methods are used in treatment? Can you trust folk recipes? We will try to find answers to these questions in the article.

This terrible word is tuberculosis

When faced with a terrible disease, patients have a question: “Is tuberculosis curable or not?” If in the 90s up to 80% of those sick died from the disease, in our time the percentage has decreased significantly. Modern medications and new treatment methods have appeared. Doctors talk about enormous progress in resolving this issue.

Do not forget that a positive result largely depends on how promptly the patient sought consultation.

Studying the symptoms

Every person should know the symptoms of the disease:

• Elevated temperature that lasts for a long time.
• General malaise: drowsiness, weakness, depression.
• Night sweats.
• Continuous cough.
• Enlarged lymph nodes.
• Chest pain.

It is not necessary that all the symptoms “come out” at once. The first thing that should alert you is a cough that does not go away after taking the appropriate syrups and mixtures. In this case, you must consult a doctor and undergo a special examination (fluorography or x-ray). If the diagnosis is confirmed, only a doctor can answer the question of how to treat tuberculosis. It all depends on the individual characteristics of the body.

Can tuberculosis be cured?

At the first suspicion of tuberculosis, you should immediately consult a doctor. The result of treatment depends on how quickly this is done. Unfortunately, many people put off visiting a medical center until the last minute, thereby only aggravating the situation. Doctors are often asked the question: “Is tuberculosis curable?” Experts give a positive answer to this.

First of all, it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. This can be done using a special device - a fluorograph. Treatment in the future will depend on the form of tuberculosis. In cases with open outbreaks, it is planned to carry out special measures in tuberculosis dispensaries.

When answering the question about how long tuberculosis is treated, doctors do not give exact dates. This process is quite lengthy, on average it takes from 12 to 18 months. Treatment is carried out comprehensively. In addition to drugs that have an anti-tuberculosis effect, it is necessary to take drugs that increase the body’s immune qualities. Doctors prescribe appropriate dosages: they start with the minimum, eventually reaching the maximum amount. It is important that treatment is carried out under the constant supervision of a pulmonologist and physiotherapist.

Open form - is there a chance of recovery?

“How long does it take to treat tuberculosis?” - perhaps this is one of the most popular questions from patients. It all depends on the form of the disease. If it is open, the patient will have to spend more time in the hospital to prevent infection of people nearby. First of all, the doctor is faced with the task of converting the disease into a closed form. In this case, the outbreaks become safe for others. This can be done with the help of special drugs. They are quite expensive, but you can’t do without their help.

Answering the question whether open tuberculosis can be treated, experts give a positive prognosis. The only thing is that it will take more time and effort. Do not forget about drugs that are responsible for increasing the body’s immunity. During this period, it is important that all resources are used and the organs work at full capacity.

Features of treatment in children

The child can also become infected with tuberculosis. This happens if the parents did not immunize on time. In order to protect the baby, he is given a BCG vaccination while still in the maternity hospital. Then vaccination takes place according to a specific schedule approved by WHO.

Many parents are interested in: “Is there treatment for children?” The recovery process is complicated by the fact that most drugs are prohibited for children. They can cause serious disorders in the body, reduce immunity, change hormonal balance and much more. In this case, doctors offer the following treatment regimens:

1. Use medications that remove foci of tuberculosis.
2. Use immunostimulating tablets.
3. Don’t forget about additional techniques: breathing exercises, physiotherapy, acupuncture.

In cases where the above methods do not help, specialists have to resort to a drastic measure - surgical intervention. The lung is cleaned, lesions are treated, excess mucus and accumulated fluid are removed. After this, in 80% of cases, children have a chance of recovery.

Tuberculosis in old age. Is it treatable?

The situation is different for people over 55 years of age. It's all about the changes that occur in the body. In this case, doctors need to make every effort to cure the patient. not enough. The general condition of the patient is actively maintained. Vitamins and drugs that enhance immunity are prescribed.

As a rule, doctors do not give comforting prognoses. It is not possible to completely get rid of the disease. Specialists can only improve the patient’s general condition and eliminate the acute form of tuberculosis. In any case, older people are under the constant supervision of a pulmonologist.

Physiotherapy is a method that brings benefits

Many doctors offer physical therapy in addition to drug treatment. It can take different forms: ultrasound, infrared radiation, laser, application of a magnetic field and much more. It all depends on the severity of the disease. The main goals of this method are as follows:

Death of microorganisms and bacteria that cause tuberculosis.

Removal of phlegm and fluid from the bronchi and lungs.

Termination and relief of inflammatory processes.

Feeding the body with pure oxygen.

Restoration of lung tissue.

It is impossible to cure tuberculosis with physiotherapy alone. This method is only an addition to the main treatment. It helps speed up the healing process, improving the general condition of the patient.

Is there any point in breathing exercises?

Many experts have a positive attitude towards breathing exercises. They need to be performed daily, while monitoring the general condition of the patient. Gymnastics performs the following functions:

• Strengthens muscles, lungs, bronchi.
• Helps improve gas exchange. Oxygen reaches the lungs faster.
• Restores correct breathing rhythm.

There are quite a lot of exercises; only a doctor has the right to decide which of them to use in a particular case. In this case, constant monitoring of the patient’s condition is necessary. It is advisable that the first procedures take place in the presence of a doctor or visiting nurse.

Many people ask: “Can tuberculosis be treated or not with breathing exercises?” Doctors assure that without intensive drugs that will destroy bacteria, it will not be possible to cope with the disease. Additional techniques can and should be used, but they are not fundamental in the treatment process.

Traditional treatment

Unfortunately, tuberculosis is a fairly common disease. To cope with it, many use folk recipes. Medvedka helps to overcome the disease. The fact is that leukocytes are present in sufficient quantities in the insect’s body. They are able to break down and remove it with sputum. It is necessary to dry the mole cricket, grind it into a pulp and take it for at least 3 days. After this, there is copious discharge of sputum and a severe cough.

Regular badger fat will help boost your immunity. It can be purchased at a pharmacy. It is available in the form of tablets or capsules. To improve the effect, you need to eat a spoonful of honey at the same time.

Garlic and horseradish can help in the fight against the disease. They will not only strengthen the immune system, but will also promote the removal of sputum. Garlic can be consumed up to 5 heads per day. And the horseradish root is grated, placed in a three-liter jar, filled with whey and placed in a warm place for 4 days. After the expiration date, drink half a glass of the product per day.

Patients often ask the question: “Is tuberculosis treated or not using traditional methods?” Doctors are sure that you cannot self-medicate, this will only aggravate the situation and precious time will be lost. At the first signs of illness, you need to contact a specialist and have fluorography done.

When asked whether tuberculosis is curable or not, doctors give a positive answer. Thanks to modern medicine, strong drugs, and new developed techniques, it is possible to cope with the disease. To do this, you just need to promptly seek advice from specialists and follow all their instructions and recommendations.

Although we live in a century of innovative technologies, the issue of curing some diseases still remains unresolved. One of them is pulmonary tuberculosis. The cause of the disease is Koch's bacillus, which turns a person into a carrier of infection: by coughing, the infection is thrown into the air, and this gives it the opportunity to move to the next victim.

There are many drugs and antibiotics that can significantly improve the patient’s condition, but, unfortunately, they cannot completely cure tuberculosis. Therefore, folk recipes can help in the fight against tuberculosis. Treatment of tuberculosis with folk remedies is a safe solution, because you can choose the medicine individually for yourself.

Let's look at the most effective ways that will contribute to your further recovery.

Treatment of tuberculosis with mole cricket

First of all, treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with folk remedies cannot do without mole crickets. It is worth noting that mole cricket for tuberculosis is considered the most successful method for treating pulmonary tuberculosis.

The mole cricket is a large insect that lives underground and near rivers. The peoples of Africa and Asia often eat fried mole cricket and consider it a salvation from tuberculosis. All this is because the leukocytes that are in the blood of the insect dissolve the outer shell of the Koch bacillus. In order not to lose its beneficial properties, dried mole cricket is used to treat diseases and support the immune system. Traditional medicine says that you need to take 30-40 grams of mole crickets for one course and grind it in a mortar. You need to add honey or some kind of chilled porridge to the resulting mixture. The patient needs to take 2-3 spoons of the resulting product three times a day before meals. Just one course of using mole cricket is enough to treat tuberculosis at the initial stage.

Garlic and onion

Treatment of tuberculosis with garlic is a well-working folk remedy. How to cure tuberculosis with garlic? It's simple: the juice and special extract of garlic have a huge antibacterial property that prevents the Koch stick from growing and developing. That is why it will have an anti-tuberculosis and healing effect on your body and improve your health.

For example, you can make a simple garlic infusion: peel 2 cloves of garlic, chop it, add a glass of water and let it brew for a day. In the morning, drink garlic medicine and make a new one, continuing this procedure for 2-3 months.

Traditional methods of treatment offer another option - to increase the amount of garlic in the patient’s daily diet. This means that the daily norm should reach 30 grams. Gradually, over 1.5 months, it needs to be increased to 90-120 grams. Having reached the goal, you need to return to the original 30 grams per day. You can also get rid of pulmonary tuberculosis in adults using another remedy: mix 500 grams of horseradish and the same amount of garlic, 1 kilogram of butter and 5 kilograms of honey. While stirring this paste, leave it in a boiling water bath for 10 minutes. You need to take the medicine 50 grams every day before meals.

You can also nourish your body with onions, or rather, in pairs. It is believed that with this method it is possible to influence Koch's wand.

Badger fat

They say that you can and even need to use badger fat for pulmonary tuberculosis. It is believed that the huge number of beneficial properties and substances that it contains can help a person overcome pulmonary tuberculosis. How to take badger fat?

A fairly effective option is to drink badger fat in its pure form. To get rid of tuberculosis, you need to eat a teaspoon of fat every morning for a month.

Since badger fat has an unpleasant taste, you can prepare the following mixture: mix 1 tablespoon of badger fat, a spoonful of honey and 250 grams of milk. This drink will help you fight your cough and improve your well-being.

You can also use the following recipe: badger fat, 100 grams of dried apricots, 100 grams of raisins, the same amount of walnuts, pour honey and turn it into a homogeneous mass and take a tablespoon three times a day. Do not forget that treating a disease with folk remedies is an addition to the main medical treatment; taken together, these will be the most effective results.

Dog fat for tuberculosis

Unfortunately, tuberculosis cannot be completely cured with dog fat. However, you can take it if you want to help your body fight this disease. Its benefit is that the fat itself contains useful substances that can destroy Koch's bacillus. Moreover, a variety of vitamins, oils and acids, which dog fat is rich in, have a beneficial effect on the human body. To make your lungs say “thank you” to you, you need to take a tablespoon of warmed dog fat 2-3 times a day.

Fish fat

Fish oil, which treated us all in early childhood, can help with tuberculosis.

The benefit of fish oil in this situation is that it is rich in vitamin D and therefore can seriously help in the fight against the disease. American doctors conducted a study where it was noticed that the condition of the patient who drank fish oil along with antibiotics improved significantly. That is why they came to the conclusion that fish oil can significantly complement the standard treatment of this serious illness.

Aloe for tuberculosis

Unfortunately, aloe alone cannot defeat pulmonary tuberculosis. Aloe does not have a particularly strong healing effect, since its natural acids do not have a strong effect on Koch's bacillus. But we should not forget that the patient’s recovery lies not only in defeating the causative agent of the disease, but also in supporting and strengthening the immune system. That is why, when choosing folk remedies for pulmonary tuberculosis, the use of aloe is necessary.

A good option is aloe tincture with honey. You will need 250 grams of aloe, honey, vodka and butter. You need to mix the ingredients and put the mixture in a warm place for several days, and then put it in the refrigerator. After it has been infused for 10 days, squeeze out the juice and take one tablespoon before each meal.

You can also make a tincture of herbs, aloe and honey. First, you need to melt 1.5 kilograms of linden honey. Add a glass of chopped aloe leaves to the melted honey and boil the mixture for 10 minutes. Separately, take 25 grams of birch buds and 15 grams of linden blossom and boil them for three minutes. Add this decoction to the cooled aloe and honey, mix and pour into bottles (0.5 liters), adding another 50 grams of olive oil to each. Take the resulting decoction three times a day, one teaspoon.

Propolis for tuberculosis

One of the popular ways to combat tuberculosis is propolis. The bee glue contained in it is capable of destroying the microbacterium of tuberculosis. The right medicine can relieve the patient of illness, improve immunity and well-being.

The following recipe is universal: bring 1 kilogram of butter to a boil, and then add 150 grams of finely chopped propolis. After this, you need to stir the mixture and bring it to a homogeneous state and strain through cheesecloth. The mixture should be stored in the refrigerator in a container with a lid. You need to take the medicine for 4-10 months, 2 tablespoons three times before meals.

Treatment of tuberculosis with herbs

Folk remedies for tuberculosis would not be folk remedies if they were done without herbs. Herbs for tuberculosis will not replace specially selected medications for you, but will be a good addition to its treatment.

A mixture of agave, honey and red wine will be useful. You need to take a jar in which you put chopped agave (about a kilogram), add 2 kilograms of honey and 5 liters of red wine. After closing the jar with a lid, you need to store the tincture for 5 days in a cold place, after which, take a teaspoon of the medicine three times a day.

A drink made from the knotweed plant will be medicinal. You need to grind it, pour boiling water over it and then boil in a water bath for 10 minutes. Let it brew and strain. You need to consume a tablespoon of this herbal drink three times a day.

Coltsfoot leaves can also help with tuberculosis. You need to pour a tablespoon of leaves with a glass of boiling water and boil for 20 minutes. You need to take the decoction three times a day, 0.3 liters.

Another option is a decoction of wild rosemary herb. The recipe is very simple, because you just need to pour boiling water over a tablespoon of the herb and boil for 10 minutes. Use the decoction 3 times a day, 2 tablespoons each.

The working one is an infusion of a mixture of herbs. You need to mix: wormwood (4 parts), knotweed (2 parts), trifoliate (2 parts), shepherd's purse herbs (3 parts). To these herbs add rhizomes of wheatgrass (3 parts), snake knotweed (2 parts) and cinquefoil erect (2 parts). Pour boiling water over everything and let it brew. After that, strain and drink 0.3 cups three times a day.

Hydrogen peroxide and soda

There is a theory that hydrogen peroxide can improve your own condition during the treatment of tuberculosis.

You need to take 1 drop, mixing it with 3 tablespoons of water. You need to drink it for 10 days, 3 times a day, and at the same time, adding another drop every day. However, there is no exact guarantee that it will work as desired. Moreover, for greater effectiveness, you need to combine peroxide treatment with other folk remedies.

Also, the theory about the magical effects of soda in the fight against tuberculosis has not been confirmed. However, this theory does not have precise arguments and scientific confirmation, since soda itself, when it enters the human body, causes many chemical reactions. Therefore, you should still not experiment with treating tuberculosis with soda.

Tuberculosis is a terrible disease that can strike even the healthiest person. That is why, having identified signs of the disease, you need to immediately consult a doctor and begin treatment. In addition, there are a huge number of traditional methods against pulmonary tuberculosis. They are all good and useful in their own way. Moreover, in addition to their direct role in the fight against illness, they also improve your well-being and strengthen your immune system. But do not forget that treatment will be effective only with the combined use of special drugs and traditional medicine. It is worth carefully consulting with your doctor and choosing the methods and recipes that are right for you.

Don't get sick and always stay healthy!

Infection with the tuberculosis bacillus most often leads to disorders in the pulmonary system. Timely detection of pathology and the prescription of a therapeutic course can stop the further development of the disease and increase the body's resistance to infection. Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in adults is often long-term and may require up to several months of persistent therapy.

Causes

The main reason for the development of tuberculosis is the penetration into the body and subsequent activation of acid-fast mycobacteria (Koch bacilli). These microbes have been known to mankind for centuries and are extremely resilient and resistant to drug therapy.

Tuberculosis can also be caused by other microorganisms, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium pinnipedii, Mycobacterium bovis BCG and others.

It is widely known that tuberculosis infection most often occurs through airborne droplets. Pathogens can also enter the human body through nutrition (by consuming products that have had contact with a patient with open form of tuberculosis), intrauterine (the fetus is affected by an infected mother), contact (in this case, the infectious agent enters the body of a healthy person through mucous membranes or microdamages on the skin).

Certain segments of the population are especially susceptible to infection with tuberculosis. These categories include the poor, the homeless, people in prison, people suffering from immune disorders, diabetes, and chronic diseases of the respiratory system. Mycobacterium infection also occurs in health care workers who do not take increased precautions when working with tuberculosis patients.

Symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis in adults

The first signs of mycobacteria infection are in many ways similar to a common cold. The patient has symptoms such as:

1. Increased body temperature to subfebrile levels (from 37 to 37.5 °C).
2. Dry cough.
3. Body aches.
4. Runny nose, nasal congestion.
5. Chills.
6. Sleep disorders.
7. Increased sweating.
8. Increase in the size of lymph nodes.

Such symptoms can be present individually or combined in various variations.

The main clinical signs of tuberculosis appear as the disease progresses. The initial symptoms are supplemented by:

• a change in the patient’s appearance – the face becomes unhealthy thin and pale, the features become sharper, the cheeks become hollow, and a painful shine appears in the eyes;
• rapid weight loss while maintaining the usual appetite;
• an increase in hyperthermia in the evenings (t reaches 38 degrees or more, and subsides in the morning);
• constant cough, changing from dry to wet;
• pain in the chest, between the shoulder blades, intensifying with inspiration.

Coughing with sputum and bloody spots is observed when the disease passes into the infiltrative form. If blood is released in the form of a fountain, such a sign indicates a rupture of the cavity.

Diagnosis of the disease

The main methods for diagnosing a dangerous disease are:

• clinical examination, consisting of studying the condition of the lymph nodes, range of motion of the sternum, listening to the lungs and bronchi;
• chest x-ray;
• bacterioscopic examination of sputum for the presence of tuberculosis pathogens;
• blood analysis.

In some cases, the patient undergoing examination is prescribed a computed tomography (CT) scan and bronchoscopy.

The development of tuberculosis infection in children is indicated by a positive reaction to the Mantoux or Diaskintest test.

Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis

Treatment of tuberculosis traditionally requires a considerable period of time - from 3 months to 2 years. The open form of the disease requires mandatory placement of the patient in a hospital. With a closed type of pathology, therapy is carried out on an outpatient basis.

The main method of treatment is taking special medications. If there are appropriate indications, surgery is prescribed.

The patient’s stay in a sanatorium allows the patient to stay in a sanatorium to consolidate the results of the treatment course. Treatment abroad based on the use of new medical technologies is considered highly effective.

Treatment in the early stages

The fight against the disease at an early stage consists of prescribing to the patient:

1. Antibiotics.
2. General strengthening drugs.
3. Immunomodulators.
4. Physiotherapy.

At the initial stage of pathology, aerosol antimicrobial therapy, which has a preventive effect and prevents further activation of pathogenic bacteria, becomes relevant. Taking vitamin complexes contributes to the overall strengthening of the body and increasing its resistance to infection. The administration of immunomodulators helps reduce the period of intoxication, increase the protective function, regression of the tuberculosis process, and reduce the frequency and severity of side effects of chemotherapy.

A significant improvement in the condition of lung damage can be achieved through electrophoresis and collapse therapy. It is allowed to begin such physical treatment only during the period of remission and while undergoing a rehabilitation course.

Traditional medicine methods help to enhance the effectiveness of basic therapy for tuberculosis at an early stage. A good addition to antimicrobial and supportive medications is the use of milk with rendered bear lard, a decoction of marshmallow roots, and badger fat with honey.

Medications

The selection of medications and determination of dosages is carried out on an individual basis. At the beginning of anti-tuberculosis therapy, drugs of first choice are used. The patient is prescribed a course:

• Ethambutol;
• Rifampicin;
• Streptomycin;
• Isoniazid;
• Pyrazinamide.

In case of an increased likelihood of the disease progressing to the next stage, it is planned to include Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ethionamide, Lomefloxacin in the main regimen.

Among vitamin complexes, the choice is made in favor of drugs saturated with vitamins A, C, group B, E and D. Among the immunomodulators for tuberculosis, Leukinferon, Imunofan, Polyoxidonium, Glutoxim, Lykopid are effective.

The elevated temperature characteristic of the disease only goes down if it reaches 38.5-39 degrees. In such situations, ibuprofen drugs or Paracetamol are used.

Treatment in hospital

The length of stay of a patient with open form of tuberculosis in hospital is determined:

• severity and stage of the infectious process;
• the level of resistance of the body to the disease;
• existing complications such as emphysema, pulmonary hemorrhage, heart or pulmonary failure;
• the presence of contraindications to the medication course.

The degree of damage to the lungs or other organs is also taken into account (in the second case we are talking about secondary tuberculosis).

Placing a patient in a hospital is necessary to carry out the most accurate diagnosis, monitor all stages of the treatment course, and provide immediate medical care in case of complications. Keeping the patient under constant medical supervision makes it possible to take timely necessary measures in the event of the disease spreading beyond the lungs and to carry out urgent operations.

The course of treatment in a hospital setting takes at least 2 months. After the patient ceases to pose a danger to others, measures are taken to restore the body. To do this, the patient is sent to a tuberculosis dispensary or a specially equipped sanatorium. Also, consolidation of the course in an adult or child can be carried out at the place of residence (outpatient treatment).

A course of chemotherapy using anti-tuberculosis drugs becomes the basis for the treatment of a dangerous disease. The drugs used are often combined with each other - thanks to this, it is possible to avoid addiction to the active substances from the causative agent of the disease.

In the case of a correctly selected treatment regimen, on days 20-25 the process of abacillation of the patient is observed - the cessation of the release of pathogens into the sputum. At this stage, the decay of lung tissue stops, and the patient is no longer infectious.

The first course of therapy is completed after 2-3 months. During this period, the patient may be discontinued some medications. Basic antimicrobial agents, such as Rifampicin and Isoniazid, are taken for another 4-6 months. While in the hospital, the patient periodically takes blood and sputum tests, which are necessary to monitor his condition and the dynamics of the treatment.

Many anti-TB drugs are highly toxic and can cause severe side effects. To avoid deterioration of the patient's general condition, constant medical supervision is required. If medications are poorly tolerated, the doctor makes adjustments to the implemented therapeutic regimen.

Operation

Indications for surgery in a patient with tuberculosis are:

1. Low effectiveness of chemotherapy.
2. The presence of complications and critical consequences of the disease (bleeding in the lungs, spontaneous pneumothorax).
3. The presence of morphological changes, which cannot be avoided.

Surgical treatment helps restore the activity of the pulmonary parenchyma, remove accumulations of fluid and sputum, and eliminate congenital or acquired anatomical anomalies. More often, planned operations are performed for tuberculosis. Sometimes there is a need for emergency intervention (in cases of rapid development of pathology, a sharp deterioration in health, or risk of death of the patient).

The main types of surgical intervention are:

• lobectomy (resection of the pulmonary lobe);
• pneumectomy (complete removal of the lung);
• thoracoplasty (minimally invasive type of surgery).

Before and after surgical treatment, an intensive course of chemotherapy is required to ensure stabilization of the patient's condition.

Spa treatment

Sanatoriums for the recovery of patients who have suffered severe lung pathology are traditionally located in coastal, mountain, steppe, and forest-steppe zones. It provides for comprehensive treatment of tuberculosis in combination with climatic and physical factors.

Patients are prescribed:

1. Chemotherapy.
2. Inhalations.
3. Air baths.
4. Breathing exercises.
5. Heliotherapy.
6. Climatotherapy.
7. Treatment of concomitant diseases.

Treatment in sanatorium-resort conditions is especially indicated in the presence of focal, disseminated, infiltrative tuberculosis, which has passed into the resorption phase, scarring of the lung tissue. Also, postoperative patients, people who have completed the main course of treatment for tuberculoma, cavernous and fibrous-cavernous forms of the disease, and tuberculous pleurisy are sent to such institutions.

Treatment of tuberculosis abroad

Tuberculosis treatment abroad is carried out in accordance with all modern standards. Most often, the patient manages to completely get rid of the infection and undergo an effective recovery course.

Tuberculosis treatment is provided with high quality in Germany, Belgium, and Switzerland. The fight against the disease in these countries is based on the principle of an individual approach to each patient, the use of traditional and new drugs, and performing the safest surgical operations. A significant role is given to rehabilitation, including cryotherapy, massages, electrotherapy, iontophoresis, and the appointment of a special diet.