Qualities that develop games. Outdoor games for the development of physical qualities in children of senior preschool age

"Rubbers"

Probably the most popular game among girls. Many will remember the words "Pe-she-ho-dy, dot, ma-ma dot, pa-pa dot, boo-ra-ti-but ...". They jumped both in the street yard and in the school corridors at a big break. And the owner of the treasured three-meter gum immediately became the most popular girl in the class.

Rules of the game: Two players become "in rubber", then one player jumps tasks at different levels in height. As soon as the jumper makes a mistake, he changes place with another player. There were six levels, the last one ended at the level of the neck and obeyed only the most jumping girls.

The game of rubber bands develops: jumping ability, agility, flexibility, balance, coordination, grace and ease of movement.

YARD FOOTBALL

The most massive and interesting game. Everyone from young to old played it, boys and girls, and even their parents (usually in the same team). The biggest disappointment was when the ball rolled under a car, got stuck in a tree, or flew onto the roof of a house.

Rules of the game: Unlimited number of players, unlimited playing space, gates, usually garage doors or a designated area with stones. All judges, but the most authoritative were the chief judges. "Offside" was, but not everyone knew what it was. There was also a foul, but, as a rule, too active pushing was interpreted as “body”, and “body in football is allowed”. The most popular disinfectant and wound healing agent is plantain.

Playing yard football develops: tactical thinking, team sense and leadership qualities, speed and resourcefulness, accuracy, strength, fighting qualities Ability to resist fatigue, thirst and homework preparation.

"COSSACK ROBBERS"

A game that both boys and girls like. The more people play it, the more interesting it is. You can play anywhere, the main thing is that there are secluded places in order to hide.

Rules of the game: the participants of the game are divided into two teams. At the expense of “one-two-three”, the robbers scatter, and the Cossacks at this time choose a place for the “dungeon”, into which they will lead the captured robbers. After a certain time, the Cossacks go in search of the robbers. If they manage to catch them, then they lead the robber to the dungeon. The goal of the robber is to free himself from captivity and save his friends. The game ends when the Cossacks catch all the robbers.

The game of "Cossacks-robbers" develops:intuition, deductive thinking, dexterity, accuracy and speed-strength qualities.

"BOUNCER"

A popular ball game that requires at least three people to play.

Rules of the game: two out of three - bouncers, stand against each other at a distance of five meters. Their goal is to throw the ball to each other, trying to "knock out" the driver, who is trying to dodge the ball. If the driver catches a flying ball, then one life is added to it.

Dodgeball game develops: coordination of movements, speed of reaction, dexterity, accuracy.

"CLASSICS"

Another favorite game of girls. Previously, all the sidewalks were painted with chalk squares of the "classics". And even adults, passing by, could not resist and jump.

Rules of the game: You need some object that you need to throw on the desired square, as well as the "classics" themselves, drawn with chalk on the pavement. Starting from the first square, the player must throw a stone, jump on one or two legs, depending on the characteristics of the types of classics, turn around and jump back, taking his object. If the object flew outside the desired square, the turn passes to the next player.

Playing hopscotch develops: eye, dexterity, coordination of movements.

"HOT POTATO"

They played, as a rule, in the evenings, gathered in a circle on the playground. Telling stories during the game, or commenting on the throws of comrades.

TRANSLATION OF EXPERIENCE

Buyanova Ella Gennadievna,

physical education instructor
MADOU No. 15, village of Borki, Novgorod region.

We're not masters yet
and do not break records,
but already in kindergarten
getting to know the sport.

Undoubtedly, love for physical culture should be instilled from childhood, especially in the conditions of modern life, where we are surrounded by a lot of information technologies, the level of human motor activity invariably tends to the minimum mark. However, when introducing a child to sports, it is important not to overdo it, because excessive physical activity can harm the child. Sports and outdoor games in kindergartens are just a kind of golden mean. The content of the educational area "Physical culture" is aimed at achieving the goals of forming children's interest and value attitude to physical culture. One of the tasks of physical education of preschoolers is the formation of interest in physical culture and sports. I believe that sports games are an effective means of educating children of senior preschool age with a positive attitude towards sports. In the system of physical culture of older preschool children, much attention is paid to various types of sports games and exercises, which are of great importance in solving educational and upbringing tasks. Games for the development of accuracy, dexterity of movements, eye, orientation in space.

In the game, children have to make decisions quickly, which contributes to the development of thinking, the speed of motor reactions to visual and auditory signals. In the course of sports games, moral and volitional qualities of character are formed in children, games help the free expression of emotions, and the vocabulary of children is enriched. Of course, sports games require long-term training, and in preschool children master the elements of sports games, which in the future will allow them to more quickly master the technique of a sports game in full.

In spring, summer, autumn, outdoor games for children are available in football, basketball, badminton, towns, cycling, games with flying saucers. A variety of movements and actions performed in sports games have a great health-improving effect on strengthening the health, hardening and physical development of children, and serve as a means of active recreation. They help to organize a long and interesting stay of children in the fresh air, contribute to a variety of independent activities, the development of activity.

I present the experience of our preschool educational institution in organizing sports games with children of older preschool age.

Our children enjoy physical education and love outdoor games. In order to activate and stimulate motor activity in the preschool educational institution, the necessary conditions have been created: groups, a gym are equipped with the necessary sports equipment. Walking grounds and the area around the kindergarten allow you to organize active motor activities for children. We begin our acquaintance with sports games with the selection of information about games accessible to preschoolers, get acquainted with the rules of the game and the rules of children's behavior during games, learn elementary exercises and actions in games. We start teaching children to play games with elements of sports games gradually, moving from simple to complex. Then children improve movements in joint and independent motor activity.

The games themselves are held according to simplified rules, the elements of sports games are selected taking into account the age, physical health, physical fitness, and the interests of the child. So boys like to play football, go to towns, do exercises with the ball.

Introducing children to summer sports, we talked about badminton. Badminton is a sport played with a shuttlecock and rackets. This game does not require special conditions, you can play on any small area. It turned out that many children have badminton at home and it remains only to learn how to play. And another incentive for learning was the success of the students of our Borkovo school in regional badminton competitions.

Teaching the game began with the formation of the ability to act with a shuttlecock and with a racket. Learning to beat the shuttlecock, the children counted each blow and set their own records. Exercises and outdoor games held in a playful way interested children. Then, according to simplified rules, the children switched to playing in pairs. How many positive emotions the game delivers to children. I myself play with children with great interest, this is the game of my childhood.

The game "Towns" in a simplified form is available for older children. Gorodki - an old Russian game, develops an eye, accuracy of movements, strengthens the muscles of the arms and shoulder girdle.

The rules of the game in the towns for preschoolers are much simplified compared to the game of adults. And here the children show their creativity in inventing new figures.

The boys favorite game is football. We provide training in the basic techniques of the game: hitting the ball, dribbling, ball handling, goalkeeper playing techniques.

One of the exciting sports exercises for children is cycling. Contributes to the development of children's orientation in space, maintaining balance, developing endurance, dexterity, courage, self-confidence. For riding on the street, a bicycle path with a pedestrian crossing, a winding path are marked, places for bicycle parking are determined. With children who know how to ride a two-wheeled bicycle, twice a week for a walk, a joint activity with a physical education instructor is organized, during which children develop practical skills in cycling, get acquainted with the rules of cycling, traffic rules, and games on bicycles. By tradition, in the spring we organize a holiday - "The opening of the cycling season." Children demonstrate their skills in skating, riding at speed in the fall at the “Closing of the cycling season” holiday.

No less exciting game - Frisbee. The Frisbee is a lightweight plastic disc. Flying saucer games help children develop coordination, flexibility and dexterity. A flying saucer can be launched not only into the distance, but also at a target, it is nice to catch it right in your hands, throwing the disk to each other.

I want to note that we observe in children an interest in games with elements of sports, sports exercises, a desire to use them in independent motor activity. All this variety of sports games and exercises is available for preschoolers. Maybe our children will not become outstanding athletes, but doing physical education, they will gain good health and high performance, which will allow them to study well and succeed in any business.

Games that develop the volitional qualities of a child are aimed primarily at the formation of such physical abilities of children as dexterity, quick reaction, willpower, striving for victory, endurance, and some others.

It is these games that help to overcome the defects of home education, when the child is too tender and not adapted to life in a team. And this often happens to those children who enter kindergarten not at the age of 2-3, but only at the age of 5-6.

With the help of the games selected in this section, the teacher will help many kids to show their individuality, abilities, ability to quickly navigate the situation. In addition, children begin to think not only about their own achievements, but also about the success of the team as a whole, which is very important when creating a strong, cohesive team.

catch-up

Purpose of the game: to teach children to play in a team, to develop memory, thinking and imagination, the ability to navigate the situation. The development of such physical qualities as will, the desire to win, strength, agility and speed.

Equipment: red handkerchief or ribbon.

Age: 3–4 years.

Game progress: The teacher invites the children to play together. To do this, with the help of any counter, the driver is selected. The count is usually next.

One two three four five,
Went out for a walk.
Suddenly the rubber band comes out
And deletes one of them.
What to do here,
How to be here?
Come out, you lead.

(V. Volina)

After that, the leader explains the rules of the game to the children. The guys must run away from the driver, who is trying to catch up with one of the players and touch his shoulder with his hand. If this happens, then the player who was taunted takes a red handkerchief from the chasing one and becomes the leader.

The task of the players is to constantly monitor how the drivers change, and run away from catching up as quickly as possible. If the playground is not very large, then you can draw 4–5 circles with a diameter of 30–40 cm with chalk, which will serve as “houses” for those who run away.

This game is usually very fun and popular with children, so it can be played quite often with older preschoolers.

hide and seek

Purpose of the game: to develop such physical qualities as speed, dexterity, to cultivate willpower, the desire to win, to teach to take initiative and show one's individuality, to cultivate responsiveness, honesty in children, to arouse a desire to communicate with peers, develop logic, speed of thinking.

Equipment: scarf or thick scarf for blindfolding the driver.

Age: 3–4 years.

Game progress: the leader invites the children to play hide and seek, but not simple, but unusual. First you need to choose a driver. You can do this with the following calculator.

High-high
I threw my ball easily.
Above the house, above the roof,
Clouds high above.
But my ball fell from heaven
Rolled into a dark forest...
One two three four five.
I'm going to look for him!

(V. Volina)

The child, who was chosen among the rest of the participants, is blindfolded with a handkerchief and asked to say a small rhyme. One, two, three, four, five, I'm going to look. Ready or not, here I come. While the driver says these words, all the other children begin to hide, but when he utters the last phrase, he takes off his blindfold and carefully looks around to notice those children who did not hide very well or did not have time to do this at all.

If the driver notices the player, he must loudly call his name and continue to search for the rest of the participants. The player who was found the last one becomes the leader, they blindfold him and ask him to tell a count, during which everyone hides again.

This game can also be played with older children, while they should not count up to 5, like kids, but up to 10 or even up to 20. If the driver finds one of the players, he must not only say his name, but also run to a certain subject and say the name again.

If the player at the same time got ahead of the driver, ran to the required point earlier and pronounced his name loudly, then he himself becomes the driver.

Whose gift

Purpose of the game: to develop such qualities as speed, dexterity, willpower, the ability to consciously control one's actions.

Equipment: a rope 1 m long, 2 children's chairs, a small box with a candy inside, sweets or other small prizes for all participants.

Game progress: the teacher gathers the guys together and offers to find the fastest and most dexterous, for this you need to take part in the competition.

The leader puts the chairs back to back and with the help of a counter chooses two participants in the game, who take their places on the chairs, sitting back to back. The counter could be next.

Three dolphins sailed
They arched their backs to the sky,
They came from three sides.
You shark, get out!

(V. Volina)

Under the chairs, you need to put a rope, to the center of which is tied a box with a small prize. The rope should be positioned so that its ends are under the feet of the participants.

Then, at the signal of the leader, the children try to grab the rope as soon as possible and pull it towards themselves so that the enemy does not have time to grab its tail. The one who managed to do it wins. The winner takes out a candy or other prize from the box and goes to the guys, who in turn choose new participants.

Who is stronger

Purpose of the game: to develop such qualities of children as endurance, the desire to win, willpower, speed of reaction, the ability to quickly navigate in the current situation.

Equipment: gymnastic stick, a circle with a diameter of 50 cm, drawn on the floor or playground.

Age: 4–5 years.

Game progress: the leader divides the group of children into 2 teams and invites each of them to come up with a name for themselves. When the guys cope with the task, you can begin to explain the rules of the game, which are to pull the opponent to your side.

At the next stage, the kids choose one participant from each team who will compete with each other. The guys stand in the center of the circle, take the gymnastic stick with their hands and begin to pull the opponent towards themselves, trying to pull him to their half of the circle. The participant who won the competition brings his team one point. Then other representatives of the teams come out, and so on until everyone takes part in the game. The team with the most points wins.

There are other options for playing the game, for example this one. Participants are divided into two teams and line up against each other. Then the players take their right hands, and take the left ones behind their backs. At the whistle of the teacher, everyone begins to pull the opponent to their side. The team that can pull more children wins the competition. But we must not forget that either only boys or girls should compete with each other so that the forces of the participants are equal.

Collect the picture

Purpose of the game: to develop the memory of children and the ability to see the changes that have occurred with objects, to learn to remember the order of the arrangement of visual material, to develop such qualities as speed, dexterity, willpower, and the desire to win.

Equipment: 2 identical cardboard pictures of a butterfly, cut into 9 equal parts. One whole picture no smaller than a landscape sheet (for a sample).

Age: 4–5 years.

Game progress: the teacher invites the children to divide into two teams, each of which should have the same number of boys and girls. Then the children are shown a picture that shows a butterfly and sets of small cards. It is from them that you need to collect the same pattern.

At the next stage, the leader puts the cards on the final line for each team and offers the children an unusual relay race. Its rules are that the guys must take turns bringing all the cards, then, having gathered together, assemble a drawing from the brought parts. The game is won by the team that completed the task faster.

In this game, you can use not only cards, but also cubes with pictures. In this case, it is necessary to discuss in advance which picture the children should collect.

Rope

Purpose of the game: develop the vestibular apparatus of children, the ability to move with friends in a column.

Equipment: two ropes of 2 m each, 6 pins, drawn start and finish lines.

Age: 4–6 years.

Game progress: the teacher invites the children to play one very interesting game called "Rope". Its rules are that it is necessary to recruit all the players on the team as quickly as possible.

Next, the leader divides the children into 2 teams so that their strengths are approximately equal. Then you need to arrange the pins so that two of them are in the path of the teams, and the third is at the end. You need to go around it, and then return back. If during the movement the team touched the pin and it fell, then it is necessary to return and put it again.

So, the first team members are given a rope, and at the whistle they start moving around the pins, then return back in a straight line. Now the next participant takes the rope, and the two of them already start moving. This continues until all the members of each team are lined up with a train, holding on to the rope. It is quite difficult to move in such a column, so it is necessary to warn the guys that if you move more slowly, then there are more chances to reach the finish line, and then start first.

The team that most accurately covered the distance and returned to the starting line first wins the game.

There is also a variant of this game: children do not use a rope, but hold on to the clothes of the previous player, but moving in this way is much more difficult, therefore, such a game can only be played with children of older preschool age.

Who will reach the flag first

Purpose of the game: develop intelligence, resourcefulness, the ability to quickly respond and perform the necessary actions in a particular situation. Develop thinking and the ability to navigate in a room with your eyes closed using the received commands.

Equipment: two small flags on a stand, two scarves or scarves for blindfolding, 4 balloons.

Age: 5–6 years.

Game progress: the leader explains to the children the rules of the game, which consist in reaching the flag as quickly as possible, but at the same time it is necessary to overcome invisible obstacles.

Children, at the command of the teacher, are calculated for “first-second”, then they are divided into 2 groups, one of which contains the first numbers, and the other - the second. At the next stage, the guys independently come up with names for their teams and choose 2 people each to participate in the game, one of which will prompt another child during the competition.

Now the participants who will go the distance and look for the flag are blindfolded with a scarf or scarf, and balloons are placed on the way to the long-awaited object. If a relay participant steps on or touches the ball with their foot, the team loses 1 point. To avoid this, another child, chosen by the assistant, tells the participant where to go while the participant is moving.

The participant who reaches the flag takes it in his hand, removes the bandage and quickly runs back to the start line. The child who runs first gets 3 points, and the kid who comes second gets only one. Now the team selects 2 more participants for a similar competition. This continues until all the children have taken part in the relay. The teacher watches the game all this time and counts the number of points.

If the balloon flew off to the side during the relay race, the leader puts it in its place. The ball can be replaced by an object of similar shape.

Attentive artist

Purpose of the game: show children several ways to improve memory, teach children to independently develop thinking and attention, develop children's speech and involve them in playing with peers.

Equipment: 3 blindfold scarves, 3 pieces of chalk in different colors and some magnets to attach to the magnetic board.

Age: 5–6 years.

Game progress: the leader draws 4 small circles with chalk on a magnetic board (about 20 cm in diameter), in the center of each draws another small circle. Then he invites the children to carefully look at the figures and remember the location of each as best as possible.

Then the teacher invites the children to test their memory. To do this, he calls 2-3 children to the blackboard, blindfolds them with a scarf and gives each a piece of chalk of a different color.

Now attentive artists should put small marks in the form of small circles or crosses on the board in the places where, in their opinion, the circles are located. When all participants have completed the task, they remove the bandages and all the other children begin to evaluate how accurate each child turned out to be.

If the kid put a mark in the circle, then he gets 1 point, if the mark is in the very center, then he deserves 3 points. Everyone counts the number of points and determines the winner. The game can be played several times in a row, placing the circles in different places, so that it is more difficult for the guys to navigate in this situation.

fast bunnies

Purpose of the game: to develop in children attentiveness, speed of reaction, the ability to make the right decision in a short time.

Equipment: one large circle with a diameter of about 20 m is drawn on the playground, smaller circles are drawn inside the circle (there should be one less than the number of players). In the center is a brighter circle for the driver.

Age: 5–6 years.

Game progress: the leader invites the guys to choose the driver, who becomes the center of the circle. The rest of the participants - Bunnies - take their places in small circles, which should be enough for everyone.

After that, the driver pronounces the words: "One, two, three, four, five, the bunnies went out for a walk." This is a sign that you can leave your houses. At the same time, all participants begin to jump merrily without crossing the borders of the largest circle.

But when the driver says the words: "One, two, three, four, five, it's time to take the houses," all players very quickly try to jump into one of the free circles. The driver is trying to do the same. The player who did not have enough free circle becomes the leader.

The basic rule is that two hares cannot occupy the same house at the same time. The player who jumped into the circle earlier remains in it. The driver can start the fight for a free house only after he has uttered the necessary phrase in full.

Dragon

Purpose of the game: cause a desire to improve their motor skills, develop the creative abilities of children, their speech, imagination, the ability to quickly navigate in a situation.

Equipment: two small ropes, chalk, two maces, two "magic wands" (small relay sticks), whistle.

Age: 6–7 years.

Game progress: the teacher invites the children to divide into 2 teams and come up with a name for each so that it is associated with Russian folk tales, for example, “Magic Chest”, “Vasilisa the Beautiful team”, etc.

Next, the leader lines up the teams in 2 lines and explains the rules of the game: go the distance as quickly as possible, go around the mace and come back to pass the “magic wand” to the next participants.

The difficulty of movement lies in the fact that children move in pairs, moreover, the right leg of one child is connected with the left leg of the second. In order to overcome the distance, you must first learn how to move together. So, at the signal of the leader, the guys start walking, as if the Serpent Gorynych reaches the mace, go around it and come back, pass the baton (“magic wand”) to the next pair of participants, untie the rope from their feet and tie it in a similar way to the following participants. Only after that, the newly minted Serpent Go-rynych begins to move.

The team that completes the task faster wins the game.

The most sustainable

Purpose of the game: to develop in children independence, imagination, creativity, observation, the desire to win, willpower, speed of reaction and other physical qualities of children.

Equipment: a large circle drawn on the floor or on the playground, 1-2 balloons.

Age: 6–7 years.

Game progress: the leader invites the guys to pay off for “first-second”, in order to divide the group into 2 teams. After that, the children should come up with names for their teams.

Now you can begin to explain the rules of the game, which consist in the fact that you need to push the opponent out of the circle without using your hands.

So, the children choose one participant from each team, who stand in the center of the circle, put their hands behind their backs and bend one leg at the knee. Thus, the children must, jumping on one leg, push the opponent out of the circle line. The winner receives a balloon.

Next, the teams choose one more participant who compete in a similar way. But do not forget that the strength of the participants should be approximately the same and you cannot participate in the competition twice. The team with the most balloons wins and keeps them as a prize.

If this game causes little difficulty for the participants, then before the start of the competition it is advisable to warm up, in which the children should jump on one leg, run a little, etc.

funny fun

Purpose of the game: develop speed of reaction, dexterity, attention, desire for victory, willpower.

Equipment: 6 multi-colored large cubes, a tape recording of a fast melody, prizes for the winners.

Age: 6–7 years.

Game progress: the teacher gathers the children together and, with the help of counting rhymes, selects 7 participants. The counters can be as follows.

One two three four,
We were in the apartment
They drank tea, ate rolls,
They forgot who they were with.
One two three four,
Who doesn't sleep in our apartment?
Everyone in the world needs sleep
Who does not sleep, he will go out.

(D. Harms)

When all the participants are recruited, the teacher begins to explain the rules of the game, which are that you need to run and jump around the cubes to the music, but when it stops, you should grab one of them very quickly. Since there are 7 players, and only 6 cubes, one participant will not get it, so he leaves the game and takes one cube with him. The game continues on until only one die and 2 players remain in the game. At this stage, the winner of the game will be determined, who will receive the long-awaited prize.

This game can be played several times in a row so that all children can participate in it.

Cross the swamp

Purpose of the game: to develop speed, dexterity, the vestibular apparatus of children, attentiveness, observation, the desire to play in a team of peers.

Equipment: 4 landscape sheets or small boards, 2 identical toys.

Game progress: The teacher invites the children to divide into 2 teams and come up with a name for each. Then the leader gives the commanders two boards each and says that it is necessary to reach the toy, which is located a few meters from the start line, take it and bring it to the next participant.

The child takes the toy, puts it in his pocket and with the help of two planks moves to the place where the toy was before and puts it back. This continues until all players have taken part in the relay.

The game is won by the team that completed the movement faster than the other and returned to its original position. But we must not forget that stepping on the floor is prohibited.

You can organize the game a little differently. To do this, not one player from each team will take part in the competition, but two. In this case, one will move along the "pebbles" (planks), and the other will shift them.

The influence of sports games on the development of children.
In the general system of the comprehensive development of a person, the physical education of a child occupies an important place. It is at preschool age that the foundations of health, physical development are laid, motor skills are formed, and the foundation is created for the education of physical qualities. Preschool children enjoy physical education with great pleasure. They are especially interested in sports games (basketball, football, hockey, table tennis, badminton, etc.), as well as sports exercises (swimming, cycling, sledding, skating, skiing, etc.)
Sports games and exercises contribute to the improvement of the activity of the main physiological systems of the body - the nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory), improve the physical development, physical fitness of children, the upbringing of positive moral and volitional qualities. It is very valuable that sports games and exercises contribute to the education of positive character traits in preschoolers, create favorable conditions for friendly relations in the team, mutual assistance. They are held in the summer and in the winter in the open air, which is an effective means of hardening the child's body.
When teaching sports games and exercises in kindergarten, it is necessary to form children's interest in physical culture, as well as the need for independent studies. This is not so difficult to achieve if the educator truly deeply understands the importance of physical exercise for the health of the child and are properly trained for this. Playing sports in the truest sense of the word is not recommended for preschool children. But elementary actions in sports games and exercises, individual elements of competition are not only possible, but also expedient. The educator needs to take into account that the content, methods of conducting and planning of educational material on sports games and exercises have their own specifics. Their organization requires taking into account the age characteristics of children, their physical development and physical fitness, the tasks of physical education of preschool children and the specifics of the work of preschool institutions.
Age characteristics and physical abilities of children, the specifics of the work of the kindergarten determine both the specific teaching methods and the form of conducting classes. It would be a mistake to allow in pedagogical practice, when teaching sports games and exercises, the patterned repetition of movements, the mechanical use of the forms and methods of teaching used in general education and sports schools, without due consideration of the tasks to be solved with this contingent of children. Depending on how age characteristics are taken into account, the physical capabilities of preschoolers, sports games and exercises can give different results in health, educational and educational terms.
An excellent feature of sports games and exercises is their emotionality. A positive emotional tone is an important prerequisite for health, prevents various diseases, and maintains interest in physical exercises. The joyful mood continues to own the child after the lesson. Children are interested in the lesson when they are busy, when the rest time does not exceed the work time. Boredom comes when the guys are left idle, when they are forced to perform monotonous, monotonous movements. A variety of exercises and games captivate children: they sometimes "forget" about the time. Having known the joy and pleasure from the activity he proposed, they leave the lesson with a desire to continue it.
The game form of the lesson is the basis of the methodology for teaching sports games and exercises. The lesson should be held as an entertaining game. Monotony, boredom should not be allowed, the movements and games themselves should give the child pleasure; therefore, it is important that the lesson contains motor activities that are interesting for children, game images, and unexpected moments. Teaching sports games and exercises is more successful when all general didactic principles are implemented. It is especially important to ensure the availability of educational material and an individual approach to children, since sports exercises and games are quite difficult for preschoolers.
During games and sports entertainment, the teacher should know that the child's psyche is unstable, easily vulnerable. Sometimes the most trifling word, remark may seem offensive to the child, he may burst into tears, lose faith in his own strength, and this will push him away from one or another type of game for a long time. It is necessary to point out to the child his mistakes very tactfully. Nothing strengthens self-confidence like a reasonably expressed approval. Of course, those who do everything quickly should not be praised especially often - they can become conceited. But the baby, who was not given some kind of exercise for a long time, and then finally it turned out, must certainly be praised.

When starting classes, it should be borne in mind that children are not the same in their physical development, character, and health. The load in the games is dosed taking into account the individual and age characteristics and the well-being of the child.
Preschool children tend to overestimate their abilities and often flirt (to the detriment of their health). Therefore, both the learning of exercises and the game itself cannot be long: they must be alternated with rest. Games of great activity are replaced by calm ones.
It is better to underplay a little so that the game for the child is always tempting, attractive and not harmful to health.
The load during the games should be distributed evenly on all muscle groups, increase gradually from year to year. Parents can and should help the child develop a beautiful posture, teach them to breathe correctly, without holding their breath, in accordance with physical exercise, deeply, evenly. Inhale through the nose, exhale through the mouth.
Properly organized games and sports entertainment strengthen the health of children, harden their bodies, help develop the motor apparatus, bring up strong-willed character traits, valuable moral qualities, and are a wonderful means of active and reasonable recreation.
The task of the teacher-educator is reduced to inventing a fairy-tale game that explains sports movements. All this is connected with the development of the child's intellect, his ability to fantasize.

The formation of the child's movements is carried out in accordance with the patterns of formation of motor skills and abilities. They conditionally represent a sequential transition from knowledge and ideas about an action to the ability to perform it, and then from skill to skill.
The effectiveness of training in motor actions depends on how much the objective sequence of actions and the corresponding components of the functional system as a whole are observed in it.
During the formation of motor actions, the initial motor skill arises. It is an action that has not been brought to a significant degree of automation.

The most effective form of teaching preschoolers sports games and exercises are organized walks.
Sports games and exercises are primarily aimed at improving health, improving the overall physical fitness of children, and satisfying their biological need for movement.
The main goal is to familiarize children with sports games and exercises, laying the basics of proper technique. But in no case should this become highly specialized training, preparation for participation in competitions. Real competitions; where the struggle is for points, for places, are an unbearable psychological burden for the child.
A distinctive feature of sports games and exercises is their emotionality. A positive emotional tone is an important prerequisite for health, prevents various diseases, and maintains interest in physical exercises.
During the lesson, it is very important to determine the optimal number of repetitions of exercises so that children do not have bad habits that interfere with further learning. If a previously well-mastered movement is used as a leading exercise, then it is enough to repeat it just a few times immediately before learning a new motor action.
Leading exercises can be:
1. Separate parts of the studied motor action.
2. Imitation of the studied motor actions.
3. Directly studied motor action, which is performed in light conditions. Such exercises are especially important when teaching new motor actions associated with the possibility of falls and injuries.
4. The self-studied motor movement, performed at a slow pace. When performing the exercise at a slower pace, it is easier for the child to control his movements, and he makes fewer mistakes.
More complex actions of sports games can be learned in specially created conditions (outside the game). In this case, it is advisable to direct the child's attention to the quality of the movement. In the future, you can complicate the conditions for performing actions, bring children to more difficult tasks.
The general requirements for the educator are precisely expressed in the words of N.G. Chernyshevsky: "The educator himself must be what he wants to make the pupil ... or, at least, strive for it with all his might." Children unconsciously tend to imitate the movements, demeanor, speech of the teacher, etc. A teacher should always remember that he is an educator - both in the classroom, and at a sports festival, and on a camping trip. He affects the child with everything: his worldview, appearance, manners, behavior, etc.
Sport exercises
1) in winter
- Sledding: it has a great influence on the physical influence and hardening of the child's body. To cause activity, independence, initiative will be shaken by the environment, the content of games and exercises. Children learn to show will, overcome difficulties and obstacles, help each other.
- Sliding on ice paths: Helps prevent diseases, strengthen the body's defenses, increase efficiency, organization, discipline, independence, activity and manifestation of strong-willed qualities (courage, determination, self-confidence, etc.)..
- Skiing: Hardens the body, gives vigor, increases efficiency and endurance. When moving on skis, all muscle groups work, breathing and blood circulation increase. The great dynamic work of the legs when skiing has a strengthening effect on the formation of a child's foot, helps prevent the development of flat feet, promotes the development of spatial orientation, coordination of movements, and the prevention of colds.
- Skating: Strengthens the muscles of the arch of the foot, develops the vestibular apparatus..
2) Spring, summer, autumn.
- Throwing. Develops an eye, accuracy, dexterity of movements. In addition to exercises in throwing at a target and at a distance, it is proposed to include a number of exercises in throwing, catching, throwing the ball. All these exercises develop the physical qualities of children.
- Walking and running. By the time they go to school, children should have mastered the most essential elements of walking and running. Walking and running is easy with good posture.
- Jumping. It is necessary to teach children to combine take-off and repulsion when jumping.
- Climbing. Climbing, climbing, climbing are different ways to overcome obstacles. Climbing develops courage, coordination of movements, helps to overcome the fear of heights.
- exercises for balance. The balance depends on the area of ​​support, the position of the center of gravity of the body, on the state of the vestibular apparatus, on the degree of tension of the nervous system. To complicate the exercises in balance, it is necessary to gradually reduce the width of the support (board) and increase the height. For this, it is recommended, in addition to gymnastic benches, to have stepladders with a set of boards of different widths.
- Biking. Promotes orientation in space, maintaining balance, developing personal qualities.
- Swimming. It has a positive effect on the development of the cardiovascular system.
Preschoolers are taught to swim "front crawl". Body position, leg movements, arm movements, and breathing are studied.
- Sports games in the fresh air. "Distillation", "who is further", "Who is faster", "Catch up", "Snake", etc.
In the summer, physical education classes should be dynamic, with a quick change of activity. Starting positions should not be stable, once and for all assigned to these exercises, they must be changed more often.
It is desirable to have a special sports ground on the site, equipped with all the necessary aids for the development of basic movements. It is good to have large "chocks" on the site - pieces of logs with a diameter of 20-25 cm and a height of 25-30 cm (25-30 pieces). Chocks can be used as a stand-alone aid, as well as in combination with slats, cords, etc.
- Riding a scooter.

Table tennis (ping-pong).

In the general system of educational work of the preschool educational institution, the physical education of children occupies a special place. As a result of purposeful pedagogical influence, the health of the child is strengthened, the physiological functions of the body are trained, movements, motor skills and physical qualities are intensively developed, which are necessary for the comprehensive harmonious development of the individual.

Used Books:

1. Glazyrina, L.D. Methods of physical education of preschool children / L.D. Glazyrina, V.A. Ovsyankin. - M.: Vlados, 2000. - 262 p.

2. Demchishin, A.A. Sports and outdoor games in the physical education of children and adolescents / A.A. Demchishin, V.N. Mukhin, R.S. Mozola. - K .: Health, 1998. - 168 p.

3. Emelyanova, M.N. Outdoor games as a means of self-esteem formation / M.N. Emelyanova // Child in kindergarten. - 2007. - No. 4. - S.29-33.

The game is one of the most important types of human developmental activity, used since childhood, since from the moment of birth, the child better absorbs the information received during various games. The abilities acquired and improved in the game process help to better navigate life situations, find the right solutions easier and faster, and adapt to environmental changes.

Characteristics of the main qualities that games develop What qualities games develop in children:

Physical - a set of socially determined mental and biological properties of a person that determine the level of physical fitness necessary for the implementation of active and expedient motor activity;

Intellectual - specific properties of the work of the intellect for the assimilation and processing of the information flow with subsequent analysis;

Social - abilities that characterize a person's actions in a social environment, his behavior among others and in relation to them.

Physical qualities that develop games

In the process of developing physical qualities, the work of the body as a whole is improved. Certain motor skills are mastered and improved, the work of internal systems and organs is activated, brain function improves due to the improvement of peripheral blood supply. The main physical qualities that develop games:

Strength - the degree of muscle development that allows a person to counteract external forces or act on them with the help of muscle tension;

Agility - quick and correct mastery of new movements, rational restructuring of motor activity in accordance with changing circumstances;

Flexibility is a morphological and functional feature of the human musculoskeletal system, which determines the degree of mobility of individual parts of the body, contributing to the performance of movements with maximum amplitude;

Speed ​​- the movement of a person or the movement of individual parts of the body at maximum speed in the shortest possible period of time;

Endurance - the ability to counteract fatigue when performing any action, to withstand muscle load for a long time without significant loss of power.

Intellectual qualities that develop games

The best way to develop thinking is regular training of mental activity by solving complex problems. Ideally, intellectual games provide such a load. What qualities develop games and what are their benefits:

Analytical thinking - the ability to analyze the information received, dividing it into logical and semantic blocks, comparing and contrasting individual fragments with each other, determining their relationships;

Logic - the ability to think, reason and analyze within the framework of formal logic, making correct and consistent conclusions;

Deduction - the ability to extract the central idea from voluminous information arrays, the ability to correctly formulate it, to combine disparate information blocks according to common features, the ability to generalize and highlight patterns;

An important quality that the game develops is critical thinking. This is the ability to resist suggestion and influence, excluding erroneous ideas and false conclusions through critical analysis and evaluation of information;

Forecasting - the formation, based on the available information, of models for the future development of events, taking into account possible alternative options, which makes it possible to plan further actions;

Abstract thinking - the ability to retain in memory complex systems, concepts and combinations in the form of appropriate symbols, manipulating these symbols until finding the right solution with the ability to put it into practice;

Figurative thinking - the ability to compare various objects and concepts, finding a conventional common denominator, to formulate metaphors and comparisons, simplifying the perception of complex ideas, to perceive artistic images well;

Concentration - the ability to keep attention for a long time on solving specific problems, increasing the efficiency of mental activity.

The social qualities that games develop

Social qualities are the concentration of human experience as a result of individual and group activities in various combinations. Forming the abilities, needs, knowledge, skills, behavior and interaction in society, the social qualities of the individual are both the basis and the consequence of social processes.

The social qualities that games develop must be nurtured in a person from the moment of birth, which is why the socialization of children in the game is important. The first skills of social behavior the child receives in communication and games with parents. As he grows up and enters the society, participating in games with other children, the baby learns to work in a team, sociability and tolerance for the mistakes of others, solving common tasks and problems, distributing responsibilities and sharing responsibility. Game tasks assigned to the group contribute to better socialization of children. In the game, due to the emerging need to compromise, to yield, listening to the opinions of other participants and taking it into account, the foundations of correct social behavior are formed. It is in preschool education that children should be taught to curb their own emotions, to think practically in a subject and figurative direction, to control their behavior and actions within society, to be clearly aware of their place and significance in society. The best way to do this is through play. The main social qualities that develop games in children:

Independence - the ability to make decisions and act without outside help, especially adults (teachers, parents);

Courage is the ability to overcome one's own fears; Honesty is an important quality, which is the basis of decency, causing a trusting attitude from others;

Kindness - the ability to sympathize and empathize, the desire to help;

How is the socialization of children in the game

Diligence - in the process of games, the child learns to work and enjoy his work;

Responsibility - the ability to be responsible for one's actions, decisions and actions taken during the game and in later life; Respect - the ability to respect and take into account the opinions and desires of others;

Self-confidence - is formed with a proper assessment of game achievements by adults, with simultaneous training in the correct experience of failures and troubles.

Thanks to the socialization of children in games, they take an active part in the life of the family, the kindergarten group, in the company of friends, they are ready to help, they are happy to study and play, participate in discussions and disputes, drawing the right conclusions and relevant comments. This indicates that children at the proper level understand the structure of the world around them.

In essence, games depict real life in an imaginary conditional setting, and what qualities games develop depends on their type. Active, intellectual, logical, computer, role-playing - different games are important at different stages of growth as an indispensable element in the development of qualities necessary for life.

based on materials neboleem.net

The qualities that games develop Game is one of the most important types of human developmental activity, used since childhood, because from the moment of birth, the child better absorbs the information received during various games. The abilities acquired and improved in the game process help to better navigate life situations, find the right solutions more easily and quickly and adapt to environmental changes. Characteristics of the main qualities that games develop What qualities games develop in children: Physical - a set of socially determined mental and biological human properties that determine the level of physical fitness necessary for the implementation of active and expedient motor activity; Intellectual - specific properties of the work of the intellect for the assimilation and processing of the information flow with subsequent analysis; Social - abilities that characterize a person's actions in a social environment, his behavior among others and in relation to them. Physical qualities that develop games In the process of developing physical qualities, the work of the body as a whole is improved. Certain motor skills are mastered and improved, the work of internal systems and organs is activated, brain function improves due to the improvement of peripheral blood supply. The main physical qualities that games develop: Strength - the degree of muscle development that allows a person to counteract external forces or act on them with the help of muscle tension; Agility - quick and correct mastery of new movements, rational restructuring of motor activity in accordance with changing circumstances; Flexibility is a morphological and functional feature of the human musculoskeletal system, which determines the degree of mobility of individual parts of the body, contributing to the performance of movements with maximum amplitude; Speed ​​- the movement of a person or the movement of individual parts of the body at maximum speed in the shortest possible period of time; Endurance - the ability to counteract fatigue when performing any action, to withstand muscle load for a long time without significant loss of power. Intellectual qualities that games develop The best way to develop thinking is to regularly train mental activity by solving complex problems. Ideally, intellectual games provide such a load. What qualities do games develop and what are their benefits: Analytical thinking - the ability to analyze the information received, dividing it into logical and semantic blocks, comparing and comparing individual fragments with each other, determining their relationships; Logic - the ability to think, reason and analyze within the framework of formal logic, making correct and consistent conclusions; Deduction - the ability to extract the central idea from voluminous information arrays, the ability to correctly formulate it, to combine disparate information blocks according to common features, the ability to generalize and highlight patterns; An important quality that the game develops is critical thinking. This is the ability to resist suggestion and influence, excluding erroneous ideas and false conclusions through critical analysis and evaluation of information; Forecasting - the formation, based on the available information, of models for the future development of events, taking into account possible alternative options, which makes it possible to plan further actions; Abstract thinking - the ability to retain in memory complex systems, concepts and combinations in the form of appropriate symbols, manipulating these symbols until finding the right solution with the ability to put it into practice; Figurative thinking - the ability to compare various objects and concepts, finding a conventional common denominator, to formulate metaphors and comparisons, simplifying the perception of complex ideas, to perceive artistic images well; Concentration - the ability to keep attention for a long time on solving specific problems, increasing the efficiency of mental activity. Social qualities that games develop Social qualities are the concentration of human experience as a result of individual and group activities in various combinations. Forming the abilities, needs, knowledge, skills, behavior and interaction in society, the social qualities of the individual are both the basis and the consequence of social processes. The social qualities that games develop must be nurtured in a person from the moment of birth, which is why the socialization of children in the game is important. The first skills of social behavior the child receives in communication and games with parents. As he grows up and enters the society, participating in games with other children, the baby learns to work in a team, sociability and tolerance for the mistakes of others, solving common tasks and problems, distributing responsibilities and sharing responsibility. Game tasks assigned to the group contribute to better socialization of children. In the game, due to the emerging need to compromise, to yield, listening to the opinions of other participants and taking it into account, the foundations of correct social behavior are formed. It is in preschool education that children should be taught to curb their own emotions, to think practically in a subject and figurative direction, to control their behavior and actions within society, to be clearly aware of their place and significance in society. The best way to do this is through play. The main social qualities that games develop in children are: Independence - the ability to make decisions and act without outside help, especially adults (teachers, parents); Courage is the ability to overcome one's own fears; Honesty is an important quality, which is the basis of decency, causing a trusting attitude from others; Kindness - the ability to sympathize and empathy, the desire to help; How is the socialization of children in the game Diligence - in the process of games, the child learns to work and enjoy his work; Responsibility - the ability to be responsible for one's actions, decisions and actions taken during the game and in later life; Respect - the ability to respect and take into account the opinions and desires of others; Self-confidence - is formed with a proper assessment of game achievements by adults, with simultaneous training in the correct experience of failures and troubles. Thanks to the socialization of children in games, they take an active part in the life of the family, the kindergarten group, in the company of friends, they are ready to help, they are happy to study and play, participate in discussions and disputes, drawing the right conclusions and relevant comments. This indicates that children at the proper level understand the structure of the world around them. In essence, games depict real life in an imaginary conditional setting, and what qualities games develop depends on their type. Active, intellectual, logical, computer, role-playing - different games are important at different stages of growth as an indispensable element in the development of qualities necessary for life.