Gorodets painting simple elements. Gorodets painting

Gorodets painting is a wonderful painting technique that was created specifically in Russia. Often, even in kindergartens, there are lessons on the art of depicting objects and animals in unique bright colors with elements of a fairy tale.

History of Gorodets painting

Usually Gorodets painting was used to decorate wooden products. Since initially this was the folk craft of painting on wood in the Nizhny Novgorod region.

It developed in the second half of the 19th century, near the village of Gorodets, hence the name. There were a lot of forests in that area, so the material was cheap. And from it, in turn, children's toys, furniture, houses and much more were made. To decorate wooden objects, painting was used, which was not complete without bright garlands of flowers.

So it gradually spread to almost all everyday objects of people. And the images of various fairy-tale scenes and colorful colors gave the paintings a special, memorable plot.

Now this technique is still popular. You can easily find pieces of furniture, especially children's furniture, decorated with lush flowers. And since the elements are quite large, teachers in kindergartens began to use step-by-step drawing of Gorodets painting during creative activities.

Elements and techniques of their execution in Gorodets painting

Real masters of Gorodets painting, first of all, pay attention to the position of the hand while working. The hand only needs to be held vertically so that it can rotate between the fingers (thumb, index and middle) without obstacles. When positioned correctly, all elements of the painting are achieved without much effort.

The painting work is carried out in two stages:

underpainting;
revivals.

For underpainting, use large brushes to fill the entire figure at once. For example, all horses are completely covered with black paint, except for the harness. This technique can be performed even by a five-year-old child. The main thing is to spread the paint in an even and thin layer so that there are no gaps left.

Revival is a technique by which a sketch of a drawing is transformed into a painting. In this case, thin (artistic) brushes are used. They work only with black and white paint, unlike underpainting, where any color is acceptable. Only the tip is dipped, and all details are done carefully.

Various dots and curls are applied using animate to help bring the painting to life. But they have strict enforcement rules. For example, you can only apply arcs, dots, strokes and droplets. The main thing is to touch only the end of the brush to the work so that the strokes are smooth and beautiful.

Absolutely all elements of Gorodets painting are applied without a preliminary sketch in pencil. That is why each work is individual.

How to depict flowers in Gorodets painting

To make the paintings turn out especially well, let’s look at the step-by-step drawing of Gorodets painting using flowers as an example. They are considered a symbol of health.

To master the Gorodets painting technique well enough, it is enough to learn how to draw four flowers. The work is performed in three stages, unlike other elements:

underpainting;
petal guidance;
revivals.

While you are studying, and also if children are doing the work, you can use a pencil using the “Gorodets painting” drawing technique. Step-by-step drawing for children, and for adults as well, will look like this:

Draw four circles (three identical and one smaller) on a piece of paper with a pencil.
Take a thin brush and paint round spots with cherry paint (the first two are on the sides, and the remaining ones are in the middle)
Using the same paint, on the first circle we draw an arc from the edge. To aim it correctly, hold the brush perpendicular to the paper. As soon as you touch, start drawing, then apply pressure, and finish again with a thin line.
On the second circle, draw the same arc, but not along the edge, but inside. And place the petals on the edge. Make them the same way as the previous element, only smaller in size.
On the third circle, distribute the petals around the circumference.
In the fourth, add droplets using the blotting method. They should be placed radially around the central spot.

When you have learned to draw the elements separately, let's move on to making a flower:

First, we draw the underpaintings - large spots of paint in the form of a circle. We take any color, usually pink or blue.
On these circles we apply one of the selected patterns that we learned to draw - this is the stage of placing the petals.
Now we finish the work with animations. They are done on flowers with white paint. We make neat drawings or put dots to enliven the pattern.

The image of flowers is the basis of the Gorodets painting style. Drawing such patterns step by step in kindergarten will bring children a lot of joy and teach them to be careful, since everything must be done without a sketch, and arcs and animations must be done with extreme precision.

in a kindergarten group

As we have already said, Gorodets painting is perfect for children. Let's look at how to carry out step-by-step drawing of Gorodets painting in the senior group of kindergarten.

First, tell the children what Gorodets painting is and show the illustrations. To make it easier for them to do the work, do it together by drawing on a piece of paper attached to the board. Begin:

Draw a body that looks like two droplets that look in different directions and are connected by a stick.
Next draw the head. There is no need to complicate it, take an oval, add ears and an elongated muzzle.
Now the legs. Small triangles in the right places, sticks from them and also triangles (hooves) at the end.
We depict the mane and tail with yellow paint, using semicircles in the work.
We draw a saddle (children choose the color themselves).
We draw the eyes, bridle and decorate the saddle.

This was a step by step drawing of a horse. Gorodets painting will help children become more careful and develop their creative abilities. You can also introduce young artists to geometric shapes.

Painting the board with Gorodets painting with children

Particularly interesting for children in kindergarten will be the step-by-step drawing of Gorodets painting on a wooden board as a gift to their parents. You can ask the students in advance to bring materials for work from home. And the lesson itself should be structured as follows:

We tell you a little about the history of Gorodets painting.
We determine the center of each board and put a dot there with a pencil.
Draw a circle with the selected color.
When it dries, we apply petals on top (choose one flower option for everyone).
After waiting a little, take a thin brush and apply the veins with white color.
We allow you to add curls to the remaining space.
We paint the outline of the board with a solid stripe of the same color as the flower.

This activity will bring a lot of impressions to the children, and the memory will last a lifetime. Recommend varnishing the board at home with your parents so that the paint does not crumble over time.

Tips for working with children in Gorodets painting

If you are planning to conduct a step-by-step drawing of Gorodets painting with your students, do not forget:

First, complete all the elements yourself.
Choose the same pattern for everyone.
If you see that someone is not succeeding, help.
Don't forget to praise the guys as they work.
Remember that the basis of Gorodets patterns is underpainting, which is done in one color, and there should be no gaps left, and the revivals are done with a thin brush.

Gorodets painting is a drawing of elements of a fairy tale, so children will definitely like this work.

Copying is an essential part of learning painting. For some it becomes just a stage, while others stop there.
We will need:
1 Squirrel or core brushes No. 1 - for contour work and No. 2 - for painting.
2 Artistic gouache (can be replaced with acrylic or tempera paint), + a jar of water.
3 A thick sheet of paper or the product you want to paint (pre-sanded)
4 Pencil, eraser, ruler.
5 Templates cut out of cardboard - circles of different diameters. I have - 5.5 cm - large; 4 cm - average; 2 cm - small.
What are templates for? All flowers in Gorodets painting are based on circles. In order not to bother with a compass, it is easier to trace the templates.

Elements of Gorodets painting for today's lesson:
Rosan, otherwise kupavka, is the largest flower;
The bud is a small rose, smaller than a rose;
Sunny - rosette - less bathing;
Berries and apples are the smallest elements of the Gorodets bouquet.
In addition to flowers, Gorodets may contain birds and horses, as well as subject scenes in the interior and outdoors.
The flower arrangement is built according to one simple principle - from the largest flower to the smaller one. The smallest element completes the flower garland.
Draw the flowers as in the following example, and then start drawing leaves, 2-3 pieces between the flowers (generally as many as you like). The leaves are shaped like boats (two arcs facing each other, look at the brackets on the keyboard). Or is it possible differently - on one side there is an arc, on the other there is a slightly wavy line (a kind of tubercle - a rocker)

Fill all the gaps between the flowers with leaves, where there is not enough space, you can use 1 leaf. At the ends of the flower branches you can draw 3-5 leaves, like a bush.

In the center of the composition we will draw a bird or a horse. I'll show you how to draw a bird. We begin to draw the line of the abdomen, but not in the center of the sheet, but slightly to the left.
a) First we draw the tummy, essentially just a wavy line. (the smaller upper curve will be the neck and beak, and the larger lower curve will be the tummy)

b) Now we draw a wing. It is located in the abdominal area. The shape resembles a large drop lying on its side. The wing falls exactly in the middle of the leaf, that is, the large rose flower looks right at it.

Let's finish the head and back. Again a wavy line. The tubercle is in the area of the head, and then down, almost straight to the wing.

c) Legs. Under the belly, draw 2 lines about 1.5-2 cm long. Direct one towards the tail, the other almost straight. We need to finish drawing the thighs - these are again 2 lines - arcs.

The bird is ready and the whole composition as a whole is ready for painting.
Some tips:
Change the water in the jar more often. I change it every time I change colors.
Do not leave the brush in a jar of water, the bristles will break and the handle will come off.
Do not use a good brush for mixing paints; use old, low-quality glue brushes for this purpose.
Properties of gouache: when dry, it brightens 4 times, gets your hands dirty, and dries quickly. Therefore, do not leave jars of gouache open for a long time.
Don’t be afraid to rotate the work surface (a landscape sheet is also one) so that it is always comfortable.
The first stage is called “painting” and essentially resembles coloring. Let's do this coloring now. You can choose the colors yourself, or you can repeat mine. Basically these are blue, red or raspberry or burgundy whitened with white.. As a result - pink, blue. And orange and green are in their pure form (without discolouration). See below the process of painting from pictures without comments.

The second stage is called “shading”. We paint over the hearts (circles at the top of the flower) and shade the arches on the flowers with the color from which we whitened them (blue, crimson). And orange berries have a red or burgundy tint. And also the bird's tail.

The third stage is called “living up”. Let's start with black. We animate the leaves - we outline the side that I called “arc” in black (only on one side), inside each leaf there is a pair of antennae of different lengths.
On the other side of the leaf, draw droplets or lines (from a large drop at the top to a small drop at the bottom), the droplets are located parallel and close to each other,
Let's add black feathers to the bird's tail and a couple of strokes on the legs.
Inside the large rose we will draw a bracket in the middle with a crimson color, and along the edges of it there will be 2-3 droplets of different lengths, repeating the shape of a circle. Place tendrils on the longest ones, curled towards the center of the flower.

Now let’s liven it up with white color - draw “horseshoes” on the shade of the rose and buds,

Draw a hatch on the cores.

Circle the petals of the rose from the inside, as well as the apples (orange) from the inside and place a tendril in the middle, and plant a few drops on it; and outline the bracket in the center of the rose and make shading, it is called a “beard” (all in white). Place droplets in the middle of the buds and roses and between the horseshoes.

Live the bird to your taste or, as I do, use the same techniques - “horseshoes”, “antennae”, “droplets”, “poke”.
The fourth stage is “revival”. Using a white matchstick, place pokes on the leaves (directly on the antennae), as well as on the cores, between horseshoes, the bird’s eyes, on the wing, at the ends of the white antennae (on apples). It could also be on a bird’s tail (I didn’t draw it).
Place a few red droplets on the bird's wing and paint the frame red. All that remains is to draw the stem between the flowers using droplets (in black) so that the flowers do not hang in the air and fill the empty space with tendrils coming out of the leaves. String parallel droplets or pokes on them (from largest to smallest)
All is ready!

How to draw a Gorodets pattern on a plate step by step for children over 7 years old

Bogatova Oksana Nikolaevna, teacher of MKDOU "Kindergarten No. 94" Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod region.
Description: The master class will be of interest to educators, primary school teachers, additional education teachers, and parents. Children 6-7 years old will be able to complete the work with the help of adults, and older children - independently.
Purpose: The panel plate can serve as a gift to relatives, friends and also decorate the interior of the kitchen.
Target: creation of a decorative panel with Gorodets painting.
Tasks:
- continue to introduce children to folk crafts;
- learn to make a pattern from elements of Gorodets painting;
- improve your drawing skills with a thin brush;
- develop a sense of composition;
- cultivate interest and respect for folk art.

Before starting the master class, I suggest taking a moment to remember the history of Gorodets painting and feel its sunny, kind atmosphere.

Gorodets wood painting- a famous folk craft of the Nizhny Novgorod region. It developed in the second half of the 19th century in the Trans-Volga villages near the city of Gorodets. Residents of the surrounding villages were known as skilled artisans, among whom were blacksmiths, weavers, dyers, carvers, carpenters and joiners. There was a lot of forest in the Volga region, and it provided a lot of cheap material from which everything was made: from children's toys to furniture.

Gorodets spinning wheels were especially famous, which were sold in large quantities at the Nizhny Novgorod fair and distributed throughout Russia. People bought them with pleasure thanks to the funny painted pictures on the bottom of the spinning wheel. After finishing work, housewives decorated the walls with such donuts instead of paintings.

Soon, such painting began to decorate not only spinning wheels, but also many household items: chairs, baskets, boxes, salt shakers and toys.
Gorodets painting is unique in its style, so it is quite difficult to confuse it. Not a single Gorodets product is complete without lush garlands and bouquets of flowers reminiscent of roses and daisies.

The subjects of Gorodets products had a kind of unique plot. Masters depicted gentlemen walking with ladies, riders on horses, tea drinking scenes in rich interiors.

Previously, Gorodets painting was done with egg paints, which were applied to the product in large spots of color, without a preliminary outline.
The drawing was applied in free strokes with a graphic outline in black or white. The predominant colors were blue, red, white and black.
Nowadays, craftsmen use oil paint, which has expanded the color range.
But the motives and technology of Gorodets painting remained the same.
Modern artists, as before, paint all kinds of wooden products: boxes, caskets, decorative panels, cabinets, shelves, bread bins, salt shakers, toys and furniture.

It has become a tradition for Nizhny Novgorod schoolchildren to visit Gorodets on excursions.

There they will learn a lot of interesting things from the history of the Nizhny Novgorod region. They plunge into the atmosphere of the life of their ancestors. They can touch everything with their own hands.

And, of course, they participate in master classes by local artists.

Children are delighted with such trips.

Now let me introduce my master class on drawing Gorodets painting.
Materials: paper plate, white acrylic primer, primer brush, painting brushes No. 1, No. 2, No. 5, gouache (yellow, ruby, white), watercolor paints, simple pencil.

Cover the plate with primer (acrylic dries quickly).

Let's depict one of the elements in the center of the plate - a chamomile. In Gorodets painting, a chamomile can be blue, purple, red, or orange (a multi-petaled fantastic flower). We apply the drawing with a simple pencil.

Stage "underpainting". We make the background with yellow gouache (brush No. 5).

Mix ruby and white gouache to get a pink color. Making a pink background.

We outline the flower with red watercolor and paint the circle in the center (brush No. 2).

Make a second row inside the red petals, then use white watercolor to outline the petals around the center.

We outline with white the large petals inside and the small ones outside (brush No. 2), add three strokes (white and red) and apply dots (brush No. 1).

Now, draw the leaves with mustard color. The leaves in Gorodets painting vary in size, but are always arranged in groups. At the same time, they never exceed the size of the central flower of the composition.

Draw green leaves.

We make veins on the leaves (brush No. 1) - we draw a line along the leaf and several short ones across it.

Veins on green leaves are done differently.

The "revival" stage. We emphasize mustard-colored leaves on all sides with a thin line (brush No. 1) with black paint, and green leaves on one side with tendrils.

Our plate is ready.

In the center of the plate you can depict other options for Gorodets flowers, for example, roses.

Gorodets painting is a folk art craft. Bright textured designs are made with a free stroke with a graphic outline. Russian motifs were used to decorate a wide variety of household items and decorative paraphernalia.

History of the fishery

The birthplace of Gorodets painting is the Volga region. Residents of the villages of Khlebaikha, Kurtsevo, Savino, Bukino and some other villages decorated spinning wheels with carvings, and then tinted the ornament in order to later sell the products at the Nizhny Novgorod fair. Over time, colorful patterns completely replaced carved decor, and bright designs began to be called Nizhny Novgorod painting.

The term “Gorodets pattern” appeared only in the 1930s, when the public became aware of the works of one of the most dedicated researchers of Russian folk crafts, V.M. Vasilenko. Gorodets is the main market for painted utensils. The craftsmen took this fact into account, and the patterns reflected the life, customs, and images associated with the town. Over time, the painting became an artistic representation of the culture and flavor of Gorodets and its environs.

Local craftsmen were skilled in wood carving. Forest expanses allowed craftsmen to use cheap and accessible material to create their masterpieces. The flourishing of the craft is associated with the activities of Peter the Great, who demanded that his warships be decorated with carvings and paintings. Over time, the ships were relocated closer to the newly conquered lands, and craftsmen began to look for other directions for applying their accumulated experience.

The heyday of the Gorodets craft began in 1870, when the icon painter Ogurechnikov came to one of the villages. His goal was to update the paintings of the local church. It was he who helped local craftsmen master new skills: “animating” with squirrels, using several balls of paint at once, and other techniques.

Colors of Gorodets painting

Egg paints were originally used for painting. They were replaced by oil, tempera and gouache compositions. The coloring composition was applied to the canvas in large spots, without first forming clear contours.

Initially, craftsmen worked on primed surfaces. Later, after the Second World War, untreated wood was chosen as the basis. This allowed the drawings to be made lighter, giving them transparency.

Paintings. For patterns in the form of berries and flowers, the following colors are used: ocher, pink (a mixture of red and white tones), pure red, burgundy (red and black), blue (blue and white), blue. Pure green color is used to decorate the leaves. Small leaves and curls were sometimes decorated with brown paint.
Tenevka. The main shade colors are black, brown and blue. By using a deep black tone, against which the key elements of the ornament were drawn, it was possible to obtain a bright and rather contrasting pattern. If a brown tone was used for the shade, the painting turned out lighter and more delicate.
Live-out. White color was used for bait. The yellow tint was used less frequently. It was needed only if the leaves were given voluminous accents.

Basic colors by numbers

Primary colors that are traditionally used for Gorodets ornaments:

Ocher(#CC7722);
Pink(#FFC0CB);
Red(#FF0000);
Blue(#00BFFF);
Blue(#964B00);
White(#FFFFFF);
Green(#00FF00);
Black(#000000);
Yellow(#FFFF00).

Elements and motifs of Gorodets painting

There are three basic types of compositions. This is a “pure” floral painting, a composition with the inclusion of a “horse” motif, and a complex plot painting.

Floral patterns are the easiest to make. There are several elements of the ornament:

“Bouquet” is a symmetrical image. These are small compositions consisting of 1 – 3 flowers. Decorate boxes, caskets, cups, salt shakers, cups, bowls;
“Garland” is a type of “bouquet” when one large flower is located in the center, and a composition with smaller flowers is built around it;
“Rhombus” is a variation of the “garland”. Several large flowers form the center, and leaves and buds diminish at the top of the diamond. The ornament often decorates large chests, large cutting boards, cabinet doors and bread bins;
“Flower stripe” is a complex composition consisting of upper and lower tiers. The ornament can be formed from a strip of flowers of the same size or from floral elements of different colors, shapes and types;
“Wreath” is a variation of the “flower stripe”, but only of a closed type. Usually decorates the surfaces of dishes, trays, boxes, wine barrels.

Motifs “horse” and “bird”

There are symmetrical and asymmetrical compositions. Birds and horses are most often placed in the center of a flowering tree or framed by a wreath. There are sets of products, each of which contains several motifs at once. For example, a chicken and a rooster or two horses of different colors.

Similar patterns look more impressive on black and red canvases. Base color: ocher, gold, orange, yellow. The paired image of birds represents family harmony and well-being. Horses symbolize success and prosperity.

Subject painting

Thematic drawings are placed on large items: chests, dishes, tabletops. Masters traditionally depicted scenes of tea parties and celebrations, weddings against the backdrop of a rich table, tables with cups, flowers and samovars. People's faces turned towards the audience, which often gave a certain implausibility to overly complex compositions.

A favorite theme of the drawings is the exteriors of houses with carved shutters, bright trims, and chimneys. The picture was complemented by wells, wicker fences with flowers or jugs and sitting roosters. In addition, the canvas could be “enriched” with images of other animals - dogs, cats, hens and chicks.

Technique of Gorodets painting

The painting is done directly on a wooden base, which is initially primed with yellow, red and black colors. Each primary color is “whitened,” thus doubling the number of colors in the palette.

On the surface, thin lines with a pencil outline the main lines of the painting. Particular attention is paid to the “nodes” of the drawing, that is, the largest and most important elements. Medium and small details act as connectors for large patterns and can be performed during improvisation.

At the painting nodes, a wide brush forms the base of the flower. Typically, this is an irregular round or oval shaped spot. A darker color is applied over the light spots. The entire painting consists of simple elements: staples, arcs, spirals, strokes, drops and the underpainting itself.

The final stage is applying contrasting (black or white) strokes and dots on top of the finished drawing. This stage is carried out using a very thin brush. As soon as the canvas dries, the painting is “fixed” with a thick layer of varnish.

Master class on drawing Gorodets painting using a template. Painting "Horses".

Bogatova Oksana Nikolaevna, teacher of the MKDOU "Kindergarten No. 94" in the city of Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod region.
Description: The work can be completed by primary schoolchildren or preschoolers with the help of adults. The master class will be of interest to creative people and additional education teachers.
Purpose: will serve as a drawing example for art classes and interior decoration.
Target: creation of the painting "Horses".
Tasks:- learn to draw Gorodets horses symmetrically using a template;
- consolidate the skills of painting floral Gorodets ornaments;
- develop creative abilities:
- cultivate patriotic feelings, a desire to come into contact with folk traditions more often.

The image of a horse in Gorodets painting symbolizes the sun and wishes for happiness.
The character of the depiction of animals is always majestic and solemn. If a horse is depicted, then it is a horse, proudly raising its head on a steeply curved swan neck, beating the ground with its hoof. He has the thin legs of a horse, rich harness, and a mane flowing like a waterfall.
The Gorodets horse is running - the whole earth is trembling under it...
As in flower painting, Gorodets paintings depicting a horse can be symmetrical. They can be located either on the sides of a flowering tree or inside a flower garland. These are the horses with floral patterns that we will draw with you!

Materials: A3 sheet of paper; gouache scarlet, ruby, ocher, green, white, black; watercolor paints; water jar; a simple pencil; a piece of sponge; brushes No. 1, No. 2, No. 5.

Using a sponge, cover the sheet with ocher gouache.

Now we need to draw two symmetrical horses located on the sides of the picture. Having posed such a problem, I was faced with the problem that I got one knight (located on the right), but the other (located on the left) did not turn out to be mirror symmetrical... Then I cut out my pencil sketch and placed the knight with the other surface on the opposite side of the drawing.

Having little artistic ability, it is difficult to draw a beautiful, well-proportioned horse. Therefore, I suggest everyone to use this template, according to my sketch.

We paint the horses with black gouache.

For a more even execution of floral patterns, namely, drawing roses, flowers and daisies, we will use the round shapes of a jar for water and a jar of gouache.