Environmental problems of modern Russia. Love for nature

The large amount of carbon dioxide entering the atmosphere and the lack of vegetation to fully absorb it today lead to the formation and global warming of the climate.

Damming rivers to build hydroelectric dams entails changes in established local ecosystems. Animals and birds are forced to move to other areas, which leads to the extinction of many species.

In addition to carbon dioxide, quite a lot of harmful substances enter the atmosphere, which cause acid rain, thereby polluting the soil and water bodies. As you can see, the problem is already beyond the scope of energy and moves into the next category.

Ecologists regularly compile various maps where you can clearly see the environmental problems of Russian cities. For example, the most comfortable places to live in terms of ecology are the Pskov and Novgorod regions, Chukotka, Altai, and Buryatia.

Pollution

The problem of pollution today is one of the most pressing. Let us consider in more detail the main types of pollution.

Pollution of water and reservoirs

This problem is most acute in industrial and densely populated areas of the country. Experts say that most diseases among residents of large settlements are associated precisely with the problem of contaminated water. In regions with high levels of water pollution, an increased incidence of various types of cancer, as well as pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, is noted.

Every year, thousands of tons of waste from the chemical and oil refining industries from various enterprises fall into lakes throughout Russia; in water bodies they destroy many species of flora and fauna. In addition, they make water unsuitable even for technical use.

Human waste products also significantly affect the pollution of water bodies, since water that is used in cities for the needs of the population often flows from the sewerage system directly into open water bodies, bypassing the system of treatment facilities, the quality of which, by the way, leaves much to be desired: most of them are already practically cannot cope with their functions due to outdated and deteriorating equipment.

Thanks to satellite research, environmental problems in the seas of Russia were identified and the most dangerous of all the waters of our country turned out to be the Gulf of Finland, where the largest amount of dangerous oil products spilled from oil tankers is located.

At this rate of pollution, there may soon be a shortage of drinking water, as chemical waste enters the soil, thereby poisoning groundwater. In many springs throughout Russia, water has already become undrinkable due to soil contamination with chemical waste.

The decline of heavy industry in the 1990s went a long way toward correcting Russia's air pollution problem, which was already becoming dangerously widespread, with air pollution levels among the highest in the world during Soviet times. The Soviet government did not anticipate that heavy industrial waste released into the atmosphere and deforestation, which reduces the absorption of carbon dioxide from the air, could pose any problem.

To increase production capacity, no natural resources were spared, and the thick smoke above the chimneys of factories was considered proof of unprecedented technocratic and industrial achievements. And it evoked a feeling of pride instead of the logical concern for the environment and one’s health in this case.

When automobile fuel burns, in addition to carbon dioxide, fine dust and microscopic soot particles are released into the atmosphere. Inhaled by humans, they become the cause of various oncological diseases, since they are quite strong carcinogens.

Even substances that are harmless to humans, such as freon, when entering the upper layers of the atmosphere, contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer. Consequently, more and more ozone holes appear, which allow the harsh ultraviolet spectrum of solar radiation to pass through. This affects not only the Earth’s climate, but also all people, since such radiation is one of the main causes of skin cancer, and rising temperatures lead to an increase in cardiovascular diseases.

Climate change due to air pollution and global warming significantly affects human life and has much more serious consequences than we can imagine. For example, it leads to a reduction in land suitable for cultivation, thereby reducing the area of ​​agricultural land. Which, in turn, threatens to reduce the possible amount of food and the onset of general hunger.

Nuclear pollution

The problem of radioactive contamination began to be discussed in earnest only after the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Before this, the question of the possible threat of such contamination, as well as the problem of disposal of radioactive waste, which leads to radioactive contamination of the environment, was practically not raised.

Many of the nuclear power plants in Russia have already reached their end of life and require more advanced equipment. Failure to replace it in a timely manner may lead to serious severe environmental disasters due to accidents at nuclear power plants, as happened in Chernobyl.

The main danger of radioactive radiation lies in the fact that radioactive isotopes cause death or mutation of the cells into which they penetrate. Radioactive substances can enter the human body along with inhaled air, water and food, as well as settling on unprotected areas of the skin. Many of them are deposited in the thyroid gland and bone tissue, exhibiting their pathogenic properties not immediately, but after some time, depending on the radiation dose received by the person. In this regard, the problem of radioactive waste disposal is extremely relevant today.

The problem of household waste in Russia

Along with the above, no less pressing in Russia is the problem of recycling household waste and polluting the environment. Currently, it is one of the most serious environmental problems in the country: about 400 kg of household solid waste is generated per year per resident of Russia. But effective methods for recycling inorganics have not yet been invented.

One of the most effective methods for dealing with some household waste (in particular, paper and glass containers) is the recycling of raw materials. In cities with an established mechanism for collecting waste paper and glass containers, the problem of household waste is less acute than in others.
What measures need to be taken?

In order to solve the environmental problems of Russian forests and reduce their deforestation, it will be necessary:

• establish less favorable conditions for the export of timber, especially valuable species;
• improve working conditions for foresters;
• strengthen control over tree felling directly in forests.

To purify water you need:

• reorganization of treatment facilities, most of which cannot cope with their functions due to outdated and largely faulty equipment;
• revision of technologies for processing and disposal of industrial waste;
• improvement of processes for recycling household inorganic waste.

To clean the air you need the following:

• the use of more modern and environmentally friendly types of fuel, which would make it possible to significantly reduce the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere; improvement of filters in heavy industry.
  To reduce the amount of household waste:
• in addition to improving methods of recycling household waste, it will also be necessary to resolve the issue of using more environmentally friendly materials in the manufacture of, for example, food packaging;
• To reduce the pollution of forest plantations and other recreational areas, it is necessary to organize work with the population on environmental topics, as well as the introduction of strict penalties for throwing inorganic waste in the wrong place.

Solving environmental problems in Russia

It is in the interests of our country to preserve and improve the health of our environment. Currently, government supervision over its use has been significantly weakened. Of course, relevant laws and conceptual documents are adopted, but often we see that locally, in the regions, they do not work effectively enough. But despite this, there are still changes. Comprehensive measures are being carried out aimed at stabilizing and mitigating the environmental situation in the industrial regions of Siberia and the Urals, which often use innovative technologies. Energy saving programs are being introduced throughout the country. Supervision of hydraulic structures is being strengthened. Below is a map of Russia's environmental problems, with cities and regions of comfortable living indicated. Even though the map was made in 2000, it is still relevant today.

Very good article! I totally agree with you! Why is it sometimes difficult for people to take a few extra steps to throw their trash in a trash bin instead of on the ground? If every person realized this, there would be no pollution. Although many understand this, they do not want to save the planet. It is very sad that in the modern world everything turns out this way. It’s so good that there are now societies for the protection of nature! Thank you very much for this information!

The situation in our country has always been difficult. I was in France not long ago, where, for example, garbage is not thrown into one bin, but is thrown into several bins, then sorted and processed at the factory, we are not close to this yet. It is true that the beginnings of this already exist; plants are being created to recycle used household appliances, household and chemical waste.

The interaction between man and nature is so close that his every, even the smallest, action is reflected in the state of the environment that surrounds him. Unfortunately, recently people have begun to interfere more actively in the measured life of the nature around them. In this regard, humanity is faced with environmental problems of our time. They require an immediate solution. Their scale is so large that it affects not just one country, but the whole world.

Ecology is the science of relationships in nature and the environmental changes that arise in connection with this. All modernities can be roughly divided depending on the degree of complexity. These can be local, global and regional problems.

Local cases include individual issues that arise as a result of non-compliance with the law (harmful wastewater, emissions, etc.). These are problems that are solved at the local level and do not have a broad spectrum of action.

More serious are regional problems that cover large areas.

They require solutions at the global level. They are catastrophic in nature and affect the state of the environment of the entire planet.

Modern environmental problems can have different scales and levels of complexity, from the extinction of individual plant or animal species to a threat to the entire human race.

The main problem is environmental pollution. As a result, a change in its properties occurs, which leads to a deterioration in its functions. This can be caused by artificial or natural processes.

Environmental problems of our time arise as a result of human activities. When people come into contact with nature, they influence its condition and, unfortunately, often for the worse. Industrial development and population growth lead to great environmental pollution. Therefore, this problem requires an immediate solution.

Another factor in the interaction between man and nature is the greenhouse effect. Catastrophic warming and shrinking of the planet is a threat to all humanity. This is also due to the active activity of people and the development of industry.

Recently, people have been rapidly cutting down forests without planting new trees. The lands are plowed under arable land and given over to pastures. This leads to disruptions and causes environmental problems of our time.

Environmental pollution occurs to a large extent due to garbage and waste. Basically, their disposal occurs through burying and burning. But these methods are not safe for the entire ecological background and require ever larger areas. It is necessary to establish waste processing, which will not only allow us to take care of nature, but will also bring certain economic benefits.

Environmental problems of the modern world require immediate solutions. Every year the situation becomes more complicated and may become irreversible. Therefore, everyone must take on the solution of these issues.

Ilchenko Irina Alexandrovna

Irina Ilchenko was born and lives in the village of Staroshcherbinovskaya, Shcherbinovsky district, Krasnodar Territory. He studies in the 7th grade of secondary school No. 1, enjoys sports, and attends the associations of the House of Children's Creativity “KVN” and “PATRIOT”.

Ira is a sociable, open and cheerful person, enthusiastic and purposeful. She takes an active part in various cultural events, creative competitions and Olympiads, and has been awarded diplomas and certificates. Favorite school subjects are literature, biology, Cuban studies.

Ira began to become interested in the problems of preserving the nature of her native land in elementary school. In the fourth grade, she conducted a research work “The History of a River,” dedicated to the Eey River; based on the research materials, a video was made, which is widely used by school teachers in lessons on the subject of the World around us.

In her work “My Small Motherland - Shcherbinovsky District: Past and Present,” Irina Ilchenko touches on environmental problems in the municipality in general and its administrative center, the village of Staroshcherbinovskaya, in particular.

The goals of this essay are: to attract readers’ attention to issues of environmental conservation, understanding the universal significance of nature in human life, and the need to preserve the natural resources of the native land.

In the process of work, I. Ilchenko studied museum and archival materials about the history of her small Motherland, visited the collections of the central library, met with specialists in the field of agriculture, employees of the district administration, talked with fellow villagers, old-timers, and read publications in the local newspaper. Therefore, the environmental problems facing Shcherbinovsk residents today are outlined specifically and clearly in her essay. In addition, the author has proposed ways to solve them, considered forms and methods that will help improve the current situation.

This material was published on the personal website of the MBU DO DDT of Staroshcherbinovskaya station in the “News Feed” section http://ddt-moshr.ucoz.ru/index/lenta_novostej/0-43, as well as on the social network “Odnoklassniki” on the group page "The House for arts and crafts for children" https://ok.ru/group/53096270135506/topics and can be useful in studying natural science subjects, the history of Kuban, and can also be used in extracurricular activities (class hours, debates, etc.).

Additional education teacher

MBU DO DDT st. Staroshcherbinovskaya E.V. Resin

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Municipal budgetary institution of additional education House of Children's Creativity

municipal formation Shcherbinovsky district

village Staroshcherbinovskaya

Association "PATRIOT"

“My small homeland - Shcherbinovsky district: past and present”

Ilchenko Irina

Supervisor:

Smola Elena Valerievna,

additional education teacher

village Staroshcherbinovskaya,

2016

I dedicate this essay to my small Motherland, the place where I was born and live, which I love with all my heart.

Shcherbinovsky district is located in the north-west of the Krasnodar region. It borders on the Rostov region, as well as Yeisk, Starominsky and Kanevsky districts. Its administrative center is the village of Staroshcherbinovskaya, located near the lower reaches of the Eya River. The Sea of ​​Azov is also nearby.

Shcherbinovsky kuren is one of 38 Zaporozhye kurens that arrived in Kuban from Transnistria to develop and protect the southern borders of Russia, granted in 1792 by Catherine II to the Black Sea Cossack army.

The history of the Shcherbinovsky district begins with the founding of the village of Shcherbinovskaya. This happened in 1794, and the name of the new settlement was given by the name of Ivan Shcherbina, one of the Koshe atamans of the Zaporozhye army. When drawing lots for places for smoking settlements, Shcherbinovsky ataman got a place near the Eya River, at the Black Ford.

In 1795, the first wooden church in the name of the Transfiguration of the Lord, built at the expense of local residents, was already consecrated in Shcherbinovskaya.

Since June 1827, in connection with the renaming of the Yasensky Kurensky village to Novoshcherbinovskoye, Shcherbinovskoye began to be called Staroshcherbinovsky.

In 1847, Staroshcherbinovskaya was considered one of the richest villages: out of 8 brick factories in Kuban, it owned 3. The village at that time included 847 houses and 84 farms.

In 1873, with the growth of the population, a second Church of the Intercession was built, which later became the main temple in the village. There were two schools at the church - women's and men's with a public library-reading room. By the end of the 19th century, there were five schools in Shcherbinovskaya, including women’s and nonresident schools.

31th of December 1934 Shcherbinovsky district consisting ofAzov-Black Sea region was separated into an independent territorial unit.

Many trials befell the Shcherbinovsky district: wars, famine, occupation, devastation. But love for their native land always supported the spirit of the Shcherbinovites and gave them strength to withstand troubles and adversity.

Currently, in the municipal formation of Shcherbinovsky district there are 8 rural settlements, home to almost 40 thousand people. Agriculture is the basis of economic potential. There are also manufacturing industries, trade, culture and social sphere are developed. That's what the statistics say. However, recently a significant part of young and middle-aged people are leaving for large cities and other populated areas. What reasons contribute to this? The main thing is the lack of jobs and opportunities for decent income.

Fertile lands and river lands of the Shcherbinovsky district have always been the guarantee and main sources of its economic stability.

However, today all residents face a very serious problem - the preservation of the environment.

The municipality has a difficult environmental situation associated with the widespread plowing of the territory, the irrational use of pesticides in the fields, the unreasonable exploitation of water resources and the use of fish stocks.

It has been scientifically proven that when chemicals are used to protect plants, a significant part of them ends up in the air, soil and water bodies. This has a detrimental and sometimes irreversible effect on changes in the environment. Of course, it is impossible to completely abandon chemical protection, as this will lead to crop losses. But it is quite possible to reduce pesticide treatment of plants using modern selection, genetic and biological methods, rationally using chemicals after a thorough examination of each plot of land, weighing all the pros and cons.

The area is home to wild animals and birds. Due to the high plowing and chemicalization of soils, it is very difficult for them to maintain the population. Burning stubble leads not only to the death of all living things, but also to the emergence of areas of soil erosion.

In the area, significant work is carried out every season to destroy ragweed, wormwood and other quarantine weeds. Positive results have been achieved in mowing roadsides. However, many land users and citizens do not take proper measures in this direction. The breeding grounds for weeds are wastelands, land plots allocated for individual construction, vegetable gardens, construction sites, and crop rotation fields.

Active citizens of the village of Staroshcherbinovskaya have repeatedly raised the issue of beautifying the territory of the local cemetery, in some places of which heaps of garbage have accumulated for years, there are many unkempt, abandoned graves, and in rainy weather the roads around them become so wet that getting there becomes impossible. However, at present this problem remains unresolved.

In recent years, the issue of environmental safety of Europe's water resources has become very relevant.

This steppe river is fed mainly by precipitation in the form of rain and snow and partly by groundwater. Thousands of birds nest and live along its banks: ducks, swans, cranes, herons, waders, coots, ducks, seagulls and many other birds; There are animals - muskrats, otters, minks. The Eya reaches serve as resting places for thousands of migratory birds on their migration route. The surrounding steppe zone is inhabited by hares, foxes, raccoons, pheasants, and pigeons.

All this creates attractive conditions for recreation, fishing and hunting.

The mouth of the Eya River forms unique water spaces called plavnyas, which are located in close proximity to several settlements in the region, and mainly from the village of Staroshcherbinovskaya.

Recently, the floodplains have presented a depressing picture - the river is becoming shallow, overgrown with reeds, fish are dying, animals and birds are becoming less and less numerous.

Why is this happening?

The width of the water protection zone along the River is on average 500 meters. The use of pesticides, the placement of warehouses for fertilizers and pesticides, the presence of buildings, livestock farms, and irrigation systems using manure-containing wastewater are prohibited here. But some farms and warehouses of agricultural and industrial enterprises are still located on the banks of reservoirs, which contradicts sanitary standards.

The coastal strip should be 25-30 meters wide, surrounded by woody plants, and a 10-meter strip from the water's edge should be sown with perennial grasses. The processing of these strips is carried out by local forestry (mostly untimely and of poor quality), while planting and weeding of grasses is practically not carried out. In 1986, 54 hectares of coastal strips in the region were lost for these reasons.

Previously, the floodplains of the Eya River were open to the Yeisk Estuary through many natural channels that nature created over millions of years. With westerly winds, the estuary flooded the floodplains, and the fish migrated freely. Periods of drought did not cause significant damage, since these processes were regulated by nature itself. On the old road from Staroshcherbinovskaya to the village of Yeiskoye Ukreplenie, which crossed the Yeya River, there were several bridges connecting the banks of the channels. With the advent of the new dam road, all the channels were closed, cutting off the floodplains from the estuary (now the Yeisk experimental farm is located here). During mass spawning, fish are not able to pass through this one path. Hundreds of tons of it die in the spring. Therefore, in recent years, schools of fish have changed their course and go to spawn towards the city of Primorsko-Akhtarsk.

The coastline of the Yeisk Estuary was also not spared by the thoughtless attitude of people. Under natural conditions, reeds always grew here, where many species of fish spawned, especially pike perch and carp. The reeds, cutting through the waves, kept the water from overheating and protected the fry from birds of prey and fish. People adapted these places for pastures for sheep and cows, almost completely destroying the reeds along the entire coastal strip from the village of Yeiskoye Ukreplenie to the village of Glafirovka. Now, in order to restore ecological balance, it will be necessary to prohibit grazing of livestock on the banks of the estuary and protect reed spawning grounds for several years, declaring this part a protected area.

Poaching causes even greater harm to fish reproduction. This phenomenon is facilitated by: insufficient measures taken to protect fish resources, the presence of many illegal fish collection points that arise during the spawning season, as well as the activities of buyers coming from other areas.

One of the important problems is the pollution of the Yasen River, which flows through the territory of the village of Novoshcherbinovskaya. At the end of the 80s of the last century, a project map was developed in which it was planned to clean up the Yasen River bed on an area of ​​77 hectares. Work was supposed to begin in 1990 and be financed from the state budget. However, for some reason this project was never implemented.

Often, unauthorized garbage dumps are located on the banks of reservoirs in the Shcherbinovsky district, where the corpses of domestic animals are transported. The reasons for this are the dishonesty of many residents, as well as the local utility service periodically having problems with garbage removal.

Bonfires, with the help of which local residents eliminate dry grass and fallen leaves in their own farmsteads and gardens, pose a serious threat to the environment. A reasonable question arises: where should all this be disposed of if the utility service prohibits throwing it away with household waste?

Why today are we thoughtlessly wasting the natural resources of our small Motherland? But our Cossack ancestors treated Mother Earth very carefully and reverently, preserved and cherished her gifts.

What future awaits us and our descendants? What is the future fate of the Shcherbinovsky district?

I consider the main solution to the problems I have raised to be continuous environmental education of the population, nurturing from early childhood a responsible, rather than consumerist, attitude towards the world around us, based on spirituality, patriotism, love and creativity.

The right to a favorable environment is enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. A number of bodies monitor compliance with this standard:

• Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Russia;
• Rosprirodnadzor and its territorial departments;
• environmental prosecutor's office;
• executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of ecology;
• a number of other departments.

But it would be more logical to consolidate everyone’s responsibility to conserve natural resources, minimize consumer waste, and take care of nature. A person has many rights. What does nature have? Nothing. Only the duty to satisfy the ever-growing needs of man. And this consumer attitude leads to environmental problems. Let's figure out what it is and how to improve the current state of affairs.

Concept and types of environmental problems

Environmental problems are interpreted in different ways. But the essence of the concept boils down to one thing: this is the result of thoughtless, soulless anthropogenic impact on the environment, which leads to changes in the properties of landscapes, depletion or loss of natural resources (minerals, flora and fauna). And it boomerangs on human life and health.

Environmental problems affect the entire natural system. Based on this, there are several types of this problem:

• Atmospheric. In the atmospheric air, most often in urban areas, there is an increased concentration of pollutants, including particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxide, and carbon monoxide. Sources – road transport and stationary objects (industrial enterprises). Although, according to the State Report “On the state and protection of the environment of the Russian Federation in 2014,” the total volume of emissions decreased from 35 million tons/year in 2007 to 31 million tons/year in 2014, the air is not getting cleaner. The dirtiest Russian cities according to this indicator are Birobidzhan, Blagoveshchensk, Bratsk, Dzerzhinsk, Yekaterinburg, and the cleanest are Salekhard, Volgograd, Orenburg, Krasnodar, Bryansk, Belgorod, Kyzyl, Murmansk, Yaroslavl, Kazan.
• Aquatic. There is depletion and pollution of not only surface but also groundwater. Let's take, for example, the “great Russian” river Volga. The waters in it are characterized as “dirty”. The norm for the content of copper, iron, phenol, sulfates, and organic substances is exceeded. This is due to the operation of industrial facilities that discharge untreated or insufficiently treated wastewater into the river, and the urbanization of the population - a large share of household wastewater through biological treatment plants. The decrease in fish resources was influenced not only by river pollution, but also by the construction of a cascade of hydroelectric power stations. Even 30 years ago, even near the city of Cheboksary it was possible to catch a Caspian beluga, but now you won’t catch anything larger than a catfish. It is possible that the annual campaigns of hydroelectric power engineers to launch fry of valuable fish species, such as sterlet, will someday bring tangible results.
• Biological. Resources such as forests and pastures are degrading. We mentioned fish resources. As for forests, we have the right to call our country the largest forest power: a quarter of the area of ​​​​all forests in the world grows in our country, half of the country’s territory is occupied by woody vegetation. We need to learn to treat this wealth more carefully in order to preserve it from fires, and promptly identify and punish “black” lumberjacks.

Fires are most often the work of human hands. It is possible that in this way someone is trying to hide traces of the illegal use of forest resources. Perhaps it is no coincidence that the most “burning” areas of Rosleskhoz include the Transbaikal, Khabarovsk, Primorsky, Krasnoyarsk territories, the republics of Tyva, Khakassia, Buryatia, Yakutia, the Irkutsk, Amur regions, and the Jewish Autonomous Region. At the same time, huge amounts of money are spent on eliminating fires: for example, in 2015, over 1.5 billion rubles were spent. There are also good examples. Thus, the republics of Tatarstan and Chuvashia did not allow a single forest fire in 2015. There is someone to follow by example!

• Land. We are talking about the depletion of subsoil, the development of minerals. To save at least part of these resources, it is enough to recycle waste as much as possible and reuse it. In this way, we will help reduce the area of ​​landfills, and enterprises can save on quarry development by using recyclable materials in production.
• Soil - geomorphological. Active farming leads to gully formation, soil erosion, and salinization. According to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, as of January 1, 2014, almost 9 million hectares of farmland were subject to degradation, of which over 2 million hectares of land were degraded. If erosion occurs as a result of land use, then the soil can be helped by: terracing, creating forest belts for protection from the wind, changing the type, density and age of vegetation.
• Landscape. Deterioration of the condition of individual natural-territorial complexes.

Modern world environmental problems

Local and global environmental problems are closely interrelated. What happens in a particular region ultimately affects the overall situation throughout the world. Therefore, environmental issues must be approached comprehensively. First, let's highlight the main global environmental problems:

• . As a result, protection from ultraviolet radiation decreases, which leads to various diseases of the population, including skin cancer.
• Global warming. Over the past 100 years, the temperature of the surface layer of the atmosphere has increased by 0.3-0.8°C. The snow area in the north decreased by 8%. There was a rise in the level of the world's oceans to 20 cm. Over 10 years, the rate of increase in the average annual temperature in Russia was 0.42°C. This is twice the rate of increase in Earth's global temperature.
• . Every day we inhale about 20 thousand liters of air, saturated not only with oxygen, but also containing harmful suspended particles and gases. So, if we consider that there are 600 million cars in the world, each of which daily emits up to 4 kg of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, soot and zinc into the atmosphere, then through simple mathematical calculations we come to the conclusion that the vehicle fleet emits 2.4 billion kg of harmful substances. We must not forget about emissions from stationary sources. Therefore, it is not surprising that every year over 12.5 million people (and this is the population of the entire Moscow!) die from diseases associated with poor ecology.

• . This problem leads to the pollution of water bodies and soils with nitric and sulfuric acid, cobalt and aluminum compounds. As a result, productivity falls and forests die. Toxic metals end up in drinking water and poison us.
• . Humanity needs to store 85 billion tons of waste a year somewhere. As a result, the soil under authorized and unauthorized landfills becomes contaminated with solid and liquid industrial waste, pesticides, and household waste.
• . The main pollutants are oil and petroleum products, heavy metals and complex organic compounds. In Russia, the ecosystems of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs are maintained at a stable level. The taxonomic composition and structure of communities do not undergo significant changes.

Ways to improve the environment

No matter how deeply modern environmental problems penetrate, their solution depends on each of us. So what can we do to help nature?

• Use of an alternative fuel or alternative means of transport. To reduce harmful emissions into the air, it is enough to switch your car to gas or switch to an electric car. A very environmentally friendly way to travel by bicycle.
• Separate collection. It is enough to install two garbage containers at home to effectively implement separate collection. The first is for waste that cannot be recycled, and the second is for subsequent transfer to recycling. The cost of plastic bottles, waste paper, glass is becoming more and more expensive, so separate collection is not only environmentally friendly, but also economical. By the way, so far in Russia the volume of waste generation is twice as high as the volume of waste use. As a result, the volume of waste in landfills triples over five years.
• Moderation. In everything and everywhere. An effective solution to environmental problems requires abandoning the consumer society model. A person does not need 10 boots, 5 coats, 3 cars, etc. to live. It’s easy to switch from plastic bags to eco-bags: they are stronger, have a much longer service life, and cost about 20 rubles. Many hypermarkets offer eco-bags under their own brand: Magnit, Auchan, Lenta, Karusel, etc. Everyone can independently evaluate what they can easily refuse.
• Environmental education of the population. Take part in environmental events: plant a tree in your yard, go to restore forests damaged by fires. Take part in a cleanup event. And nature will thank you with the rustling of leaves, a light breeze... Foster in children a love for all living things and teach them proper behavior while walking in the forest or on the street.
• Join the ranks of environmental organizations. Don't know how to help nature and preserve a favorable environment? Join the ranks of environmental organizations! These could be the global environmental movements Greenpeace, Wildlife Fund, Green Cross; Russian: All-Russian Society for Nature Conservation, Russian Geographical Society, ECA, Separate COLLECTION, Green Patrol, RosEco, Non-Governmental Environmental Foundation named after V.I. Vernadsky, Movement of Nature Conservation Teams, etc. A creative approach to preserving a favorable environment and a new circle of communication await you!

Nature is one, there will never be another. Already today, by starting to jointly solve environmental problems, by combining the efforts of citizens, the state, public organizations and commercial enterprises, we can improve the world around us. Issues of environmental protection concern many, because how we treat them today determines the conditions in which our children will live tomorrow.