Receipt of fixed assets. Creation of a fixed asset by the organization Creation of a fixed asset object

Most accountants in their work are faced with the need to somehow take into account fixed assets. This topic is especially relevant for government agencies, since they always have a large amount of property that fits the definition of “fixed assets”. I would like to devote this article to the issue of creating fixed assets from materials in the 1C program: Public Institution Accounting 8, edition 2.0.

Quite often there is a need to create, design, produce a fixed asset from existing materials. A striking example is the assembly of a computer from spare parts: motherboard, video card, case, cooling complex, etc.
The sequence of actions in this case will be as follows: it is necessary to write off materials for the required institutions, then, if there are additional costs, accumulate them in the “Capital Investments” account, and then create a fixed asset, which must first be taken into account and then put into operation .
Let's consider the entire chain directly in the 1C: BGU 8 edition 2.0 program.
The first stage is the write-off of materials for needed institutions (it is assumed that in account 105 the necessary materials are already available in sufficient quantities).
You can find the document:

Let's create a new document:

We use a convenient mechanism for selecting item items, which allows you to see the current balances for the selected MOL/accountable entity (I advise you to use it; in addition to convenience, it correctly reflects quantitative balances, which will allow you to immediately check the correctness of accounting in this part):

The form represents: on the left side a tree of folders of item items, on the right - the items themselves, indicating the accounting account and balances. To select the required materials, double-click on each of the positions:

Then we’ll transfer it to the document:

The document will look like this:

On the “Commission” and “Commission Conclusion” tabs, you must indicate the number and date of the document confirming the composition of the commission and the commission conclusion.
Next, go to the “Accounting Operation” tab:

On this tab, select a typical operation and fill in the remaining fields:

In the “Fixed Assets” attribute, you must indicate the fixed asset being created. A list of the institution's OS will appear in the selection:

Let's create a new main tool:

When creating, you can specify the code according to the OKOF directory:

Once completed, the tab looks like this:

After posting, the document generates the following transactions:

The total cost of materials required to create a fixed asset is 17,200 rubles.
All costs in the form of materials for the creation of fixed assets are accumulated in account 106.31 “Investments in fixed assets - other movable property of the institution.” If there is a need to charge any additional costs to the cost of the fixed asset, for example, installation or delivery costs, then they must also be charged to this account. In our example, we will consider the service of installing a fixed asset (assembling a computer from components).
Let's arrange the service:

The completed document looks like this:

Let's go to the "Accounting transaction" tab. Let's fill in the data:

Please note that as a debit account you must select the account to which the materials were written off in advance. Select the fixed asset we previously created as the investment object. An important nuance: when filling out documents, pay attention to the KFO and KPS that you choose. They must be the same for all materials, services and other costs that will make up the future cost of the fixed asset.

The cost of installation services is RUB 2,000.
After all costs have been collected, it is necessary to take into account the fixed asset:

When creating a new document, a dialog box will appear to select the type of document:

In our example, you need to select “Acceptance for accounting from account 106 (manufacturing)”. After creation, you need to fill out the header and first tab of the document:

Then let’s go to the “Investment Value” tab, select our fixed asset and generate the cost using the button:

Also, do not forget to enter the quantity so that it is reflected correctly in the accounting.

Then we’ll go to the “Fixed Assets, Intangible Assets, Legal Entities” tab. On this tab we will use the button:

Here the data of fixed assets is indicated: accounting account, depreciation expense account, inventory numbers of the asset itself and the inventory card:

Let's consider filling out the “Reflection in accounting” column. When editing, the following window opens:

We will indicate the cost account, KEC, and types of costs. Since our fixed asset costs less than 40 thousand rubles, costs are allocated in the amount of 100 percent of depreciation during the commissioning operation:

After filling out the tab, the document looks like this:

Let's also fill in the last tab:

After posting, the document generates the following account movements:

With this document, the asset was accepted for accounting, put into operation, and charged one hundred percent of depreciation to expenses.
At this point, the description of creating a fixed asset from materials using the services of third-party installation organizations can be considered complete.

"Chief Accountant". Appendix "Production Accounting", N 2, 2004

Industrial enterprises can produce fixed assets not only for sale, but also for their own needs. In this case, how to accept the object for accounting and how to calculate depreciation on it in the future?

We will look at this with an example. Moreover, we will give the procedure for reflecting this situation both in accounting and tax accounting.

Example. The manufacturing enterprise Modul LLC manufactures air conditioners and sells them through a wholesale and retail network.

In March 2004, the main production workshop produced 55 air conditioners. This figure is in line with the plan.

In March, the main production workshop spent: materials and semi-finished products for the production of air conditioners - 480,000 rubles; components - 180,000 rubles.

And also in March, the accountant of Modul LLC accrued:

• piecework wages for workers in the main production workshop - 300,000 rubles;
• Unified social tax for the wages of workshop workers - 106,800 rubles. (including contributions for compulsory pension insurance - 42,000 rubles);
• salary for the workshop management staff - 100,000 rubles;
• Unified social tax for the salary of the managerial staff of the workshop - 35,600 rubles. (including contributions for compulsory pension insurance - 14,000 rubles);
• depreciation on workshop equipment - 20,000 rubles;
• depreciation of the workshop building - 25,000 rubles.

Expenses for the workshop's electricity consumption in March amounted to 72,000 rubles, and for utilities - 48,600 rubles.

The standard (planned) cost of one air conditioner is 24,000 rubles. This value is used in both accounting and tax accounting.

According to the inventory results, the balance of work in progress at the beginning of March amounted to 20 units of production in physical terms. There was the same balance of “unfinished work” at the end of the month.

At the beginning of March, in accounting and tax accounting, direct expenses for the balance of work in progress amounted to 250,000 rubles. At the end of the month - 480,000 rubles.

The amount of overhead costs that account for the balance of work in progress at the beginning of the month is 75,000 rubles.

According to the accounting policy, general business expenses are written off monthly to the cost of goods sold for the reporting period.

And at the end of the month they decided to install one manufactured air conditioner at the enterprise.

In accounting, the initial cost of such an item of fixed assets is determined as the actual production cost of a unit of finished products, which was produced by the main production workshop in March.

The production cost of finished products produced by the main production workshop for the reporting month is calculated using the formula:

Sgp = Snzp + PROp + Rop - Sknzp,

where Sgp is the cost of finished products; Сзп - expenses in work in progress at the beginning of the month; PROp - direct expenses of the reporting period;

ROP - general production costs; Sknzp - expenses in work in progress at the end of the month.

To determine the actual production cost of one air conditioner, it is necessary to calculate the amount of direct costs attributable to the finished products produced by the workshop, and the amount of direct costs for work in progress balances at the end of the month. After this, it is necessary to distribute production overhead between finished goods and work in progress balances at the end of the month.

The amount of direct expenses of the workshop for the month will be:

480,000 rub. + 180,000 rub. + 300,000 rub. + 106,800 rub. + 20,000 rub. = 1,086,800 rub.

The amount of general production expenses of the workshop for the month is equal to:

72,000 rub. + 48,600 rub. + 100,000 rub. + 35,600 rub. + 25,000 rub. = 281,200 rub.

The amount of direct costs that fall on finished products:

250,000 rub. + 1,086,800 rub. - 480,000 rub. = 856,800 rub.

To distribute the amount of overhead costs for finished products and work-in-process balances at the end of the month, you need to determine the percentage of the share of direct costs attributable to finished products in the total direct costs of the workshop for the month, taking into account their balance at the beginning of the month:

RUB 856,800 : (RUB 250,000 + RUB 1,086,800) x 100% = 64.09%.

Then the share of overhead costs related to finished products will be as follows:

(RUB 75,000 + RUB 281,200) x 64.09% = RUB 228,288.58

Overhead expenses that relate to work in progress balances are equal to:

75,000 rub. + 281,200 rub. - RUB 228,288.58 = 127,911.42 rub.

The amount of direct and indirect costs of the workshop for the month is presented in the table.

Distribution of direct and general production expenses for March 2004

The actual production cost of all finished products produced by the workshop in March is calculated using the formula:

Сгп = (250,000 rub. + 75,000 rub.) + 1,086,800 rub. + 281,200 rub. - (480,000 rub. + 127,911.42 rub.) = 1,085,088.58 rub.

The cost per unit of finished product will be:

RUB 1,085,088.58 : 55 units = 19,728.88 rub.

Thus, in accounting, the initial cost of the air conditioner used as a fixed asset will be equal to RUB 19,728.88.

In March 2004, the organization accepted the fixed asset for accounting and put the air conditioner into operation. At the same time, the organization established in both accounting and tax accounting the useful life of the air conditioner - 60 months. We did this based on the rules given in the Classification of fixed assets included in depreciation groups.

In accounting, the organization calculates depreciation using the straight-line method. When determining the annual amount of depreciation, it is necessary to pay special attention to fixed assets put into operation during the year. For them, the annual amount of depreciation charges is calculated only for those months of the year in which the object was operated (with the exception of the month in which the object was put into operation).

Therefore, in our case, the annual amount of depreciation charges in 2004 will be:

RUB 19,728.88 : 60 months x 8 months = 2630.52 rub.

And the amount of monthly depreciation deductions:

2630.52 rub. : 8 months = 328.82 rubles/month.

In accounting, depreciation is accrued from the 1st day of the month following the month the object was accepted for accounting. This is established in clause 21 of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting for Fixed Assets” (PBU 6/01).

In the accounting of the enterprise, the following entries will be made to account for an item of fixed assets manufactured for its own needs.

In March 2004:

Debit 08 subaccount "Construction of fixed assets" Credit 02 (10, 25, 60, 69, 70)

• RUB 19,728.88 - the actual costs of producing an air conditioner for your own needs are taken into account;

Debit 01 subaccount "Own fixed assets" Credit 08 subaccount "Construction of fixed assets"

• RUB 19,728.88 - the air conditioner was registered as part of fixed assets in operation.

In April 2004:

Debit 20 Credit 02

• RUB 328.82 - depreciation was accrued on fixed assets for production for April.

Tax accounting

The initial cost of fixed assets of own production must be calculated in the same way as finished products. This is established by clause 1 of Article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Therefore, taking into account the requirements of paragraph 2 of Article 319 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the initial cost of a fixed asset item must be determined based on direct costs.

The formation of the tax value of the finished products of the workshop for the reporting period is presented in the table.

Register-calculation of the formation of the tax value of finished products of the workshop for the reporting period

Scroll expenses	Grouping expenses for purposes tax accounting	Sum expenses (without VAT), rub.	Amount of direct expenses, rub.	Sum indirect expenses, rub.
material	payment labor	depreciation	total direct expenses, rub.
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Purchase materials and semi-finished products	Straight/ material	480 000	480 000	-	-	480 000	-
Purchase components products	Straight/ material	180 000	180 000	-	-	180 000	-
Consumed electricity	Indirect	72 000	-	-	-	-	72 000
Consumed utilities services	Indirect	48 600	-	-	-	-	48 600
Salary production workers	Straight/ expenses for wages	300 000	-	300 000	-	300 000	-
UST for salary production workers	Straight/ expenses for wages	64 800	-	64 800	-	64 800	-
Contributions to the Pension Fund from salaries production workers	Indirect	42 000	-	-	-	-	42 000
Salary shop management	Indirect	100 000	-	-	-	-	100 000
UST for salary shop management	Indirect	35 600	-	-	-	-	35 600
Depreciation equipment workshops	Straight/ depreciation	20 000	-	-	20 000	20 000	-
Depreciation workshop buildings	Indirect	25 000	-	-	-	-	25 000
Total	1 368 000	660 000	364 800	20 000	1 044 800	323 200

To calculate the amount of direct costs per unit of manufactured products, you need to determine the standard cost of air conditioners that are in production during the month. To do this you need to define:

1. total number of air conditioners in production in March:

20 units + 55 units = 75 units;

1. standard cost of the total number of air conditioners that were in production during the month:

24,000 rub. x 75 units = 1,800,000 rub.

Then you need to calculate the amount of direct costs attributable to the total number of units manufactured in March. This amount is obtained by adding up the direct costs of the workshop during the month and the direct costs attributable to the balance of work in progress at the beginning of the month. The amount of direct costs for the balance of work in progress according to the initial data is 250,000 rubles.

Thus, the amount of direct costs for the production of finished products in March is:

250,000 rub. + 1,044,800 rub. = 1,294,800 rub.

Now let’s calculate the share of direct costs in the standard cost of the total quantity of products produced by the workshop in March:

RUB 1,294,800 : 1,800,000 rub. = 0.7193.

The standard value of the balance of work in progress at the end of March is equal to:

24,000 rub/unit. x 20 units = 480,000 rub.

And we determine the amount of direct expenses attributable to the balance of work in progress at the end of the month:

480,000 rub. x 0.7193 = 345,264 rub.

Therefore, the amount of direct costs attributable to finished products produced in March:

RUB 1,294,800 - 345,264 rub. = 949,536 rub.

In March, the workshop produced 55 air conditioners. Then the initial cost of the air conditioner used as a fixed asset for the production needs of the enterprise in tax accounting will be as follows:

RUB 949,536/unit. : 55 units = 17,264.29 rub.

Indirect costs of the workshop for the production of air conditioners in March, taking into account the balance of overhead costs at the beginning of the month<*>are:

75,000 rub. + 323,200 rub. = 398,200 rub.

<*>The amount of overhead costs attributable to the balance of work in progress at the beginning of the month in tax accounting is given as initial data in the example.

General production expenses are included in the initial cost of the created fixed asset item. And they are taken into account as part of the indirect expenses of the enterprise’s collective tax register, reducing the tax base for income tax for March. The accountant must calculate depreciation in tax accounting from the 1st day of the month following the one in which the fixed asset was put into operation. This is established by clause 2 of Article 259 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Module LLC will calculate depreciation on the air conditioner in tax accounting using the straight-line method. Amount of monthly depreciation charges in 2004:

RUB 17,264.29 x (1 month: 60 months) = 288.31 rub.

The amount of monthly depreciation deductions in accounting is greater than in tax accounting by 40.51 rubles. (328.82 - 288.31). This is due to the fact that the initial cost of the air conditioner in accounting is higher than in tax accounting. Therefore, in the months when he calculates depreciation on the air conditioner, the accountant must also show a permanent tax liability. Its value is equal to the product of the difference between accounting and tax depreciation and the income tax rate. This is established by clause 7 of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting for income tax calculations” (PBU 18/02), which was approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 19, 2002 N 114n.

Reflecting the permanent tax liability, the accountant of Module LLC made the following entry:

Debit 99 Credit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax"

• 9.72 rub. (RUB 40.51 x 24%) - reflects a permanent tax liability.

M.A. Vishnevskaya

Auditor of JSC "Aktiv"

An organization can build its main facility on its own. There are two construction methods:

• - contractor (if the work is carried out by third-party contractors);
• - economic (if the company builds independently).

In accounting, the initial cost of fixed assets built by any of these methods includes all construction and commissioning costs: costs for the purchase of materials, acquisition and installation of equipment, wages of workers, etc.

After completion of contract work, a report is drawn up indicating the estimated cost of construction. Based on this act, we reflect the following transactions:

Debit 08-3 Credit 60

The cost of construction work is reflected;

Debit 19-1 Credit 60

The amount of VAT indicated in the invoice of the contracting company is reflected.

In order to correctly calculate VAT when performing construction and installation works for your own consumption, you need to perform a number of sequential actions.

• 1. Determine the tax base for completed construction and installation work.
• 2. Determine the tax period in which VAT must be calculated and calculate the tax amount.
• 3. Prepare an invoice for the cost of completed construction and installation work.
• 4. Take for deduction the amount of “input” VAT on materials, works, services purchased to perform construction and installation work, and the amount of VAT accrued on the volume of construction and installation work performed.
• 5. Fill out and submit a tax return to the tax authority.
• 6. If there is a VAT amount calculated for payment in the declaration, transfer it to the budget.

Example. The company began construction of an administrative building. Construction was carried out by contract. The cost of all work amounted to 2,360,000 rubles. (including VAT - 360,000 rubles).

After signing the act, you need to record the following transactions:

Debit 08-3 Credit 60

2,000,000 rub. (2,360,000 - 360,000) - the cost of construction work is taken into account;

Debit 19-1 Credit 60

360,000 rub. - the amount of VAT on contract work is taken into account;

Debit 01 Credit 08

2,000,000 rub. - the constructed object is included in fixed assets;

Debit 68, subaccount "VAT calculations" Credit 19-1

360,000 rub. - VAT is accepted for deduction;

Debit 60 Credit 51

RUB 2,360,000 - construction costs were paid.

VAT must be charged on construction and installation works performed for one’s own consumption at the end of each tax period (Clause 10, Article 167 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Therefore, when performing construction and installation work for your own consumption, you need to charge VAT on such work quarterly based on the volume of construction and installation work performed during this quarter.

In accounting, the accrual of VAT on the cost of construction and installation work performed for one’s own consumption can be reflected in the debit of account 19 (sub-account, for example, 19-5 “VAT accrued on the cost of construction and installation work performed for one’s own consumption”) and the credit of account 68.

With the economic method, the organization carries out construction work independently (without involving contractors).

In this case, all construction costs (cost of building materials, depreciation of fixed assets used in construction, wages of workers, etc.) are also taken into account as the debit of account 08 “Investments in non-current assets”.

In accounting we reflect it like this:

Debit 08-3 Credit 10 (02, 07, 70, 69...)

The costs of construction work performed in-house are reflected.

The cost of construction and installation work for the company's own needs is subject to VAT. In this case, the tax amount can be deducted only on the condition that:

• - a production facility was built;
• - the VAT amount is transferred to the budget.

Example. In July 2011, the company began to build a warehouse on a self-propelled basis.

Construction costs amounted to RUB 1,190,000, including:

• - cost of materials - 590,000 rubles. (including VAT - 90,000 rubles);
• - wages of construction workers (including contributions to extra-budgetary funds and contributions for insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases) - 400,000 rubles;
• - depreciation of construction machinery and equipment - 200,000 rubles.

Let's reflect the postings:

Debit 10 Credit 60

500,000 rub. (590,000 - 90,000) - materials for construction were capitalized;

Debit 19-3 Credit 60

90,000 rub. - VAT on capitalized materials is taken into account;

Debit 60 Credit 51

590,000 rub. - paid for materials;

Debit 08-3 Credit 10

500,000 rub. - materials for construction were written off;

Debit 68, subaccount "VAT calculations" Credit 19-3

90,000 rub. - accepted for deduction of VAT on materials (during the period of their write-off);

Debit 08-3 Credit 70, 69, 68

400,000 rub. - salaries, contributions to extra-budgetary funds and contributions for insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases have been accrued;

Debit 08-3 Credit 02

200,000 rub. - depreciation on construction equipment has been calculated;

Debit 19-5 Credit 68, subaccount "VAT calculations"

198,000 rub. (RUB 1,100,000 x 18%) - VAT is charged according to the economic method.

In September 2011, the warehouse was put into operation.

Debit 01 Credit 08-3

RUB 1,100,000 (500,000 + 400,000 + 200,000) - the warehouse is put into operation.

Fixed assets transferred for rent or free use, as well as those transferred to conservation, those in the process of restoration, completion or additional equipment are not written off from account 01. We also note that the accrual of depreciation on an asset in the amount of 100% of the original (replacement) cost is not a basis for writing off this asset from accounting.

Acceptance of fixed assets for accounting. Fixed assets are registered in account 01 at their original cost in the amount of actual costs.

The initial cost of fixed assets is repaid by depreciation. The amounts of depreciation accrued on fixed assets are reflected in account 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets”. During the useful life, depreciation on fixed assets is not suspended, with the exception of cases of transfer to conservation for a period of more than three months, as well as during the restoration period of the object, the duration of which exceeds 12 months.

There are categories of fixed assets that are not depreciated. These include: used for the implementation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on mobilization preparation and mobilization, OS objects that are mothballed and not used in the production of products, when performing work or providing services, for the management needs of the organization or for provision by the organization for a fee for temporary possession and use or for temporary use; land; environmental management facilities; objects classified as museum objects and museum collections.

An organization may decide to annually revalue fixed assets at current (replacement) cost (clause 15 of PBU 6/01). Revaluation of fixed assets is carried out by recalculating their original cost or current (replacement) cost and depreciation amounts accrued for the entire period of use of the objects. Revalued fixed assets are reflected in accounting at their replacement cost.

Situation

The organization is engaged in the production of handling equipment. It was decided to install two units of such equipment in our own warehouse. But to use this equipment for your own needs, it requires additional equipment and installation.

How to correctly reflect the acceptance of this equipment as fixed assets in accounting?

What documents need to be prepared?

Can an organization take advantage of income tax benefits aimed at financing capital investments? If yes, what documents should she have for this?

Fixed assets can come to the organization from various sources. One of them is the production of fixed assets in-house.

The procedure for classifying property as fixed assets is established by the Instructions for accounting of fixed assets, approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Belarus dated December 12, 2001 No. 118.

Fixed assets are accepted for accounting at their original cost, which includes, among others, the actual costs of their production, delivery, installation and assembly.

The procedure for reflecting business transactions with fixed assets is determined by the Instruction on reflecting business transactions with fixed assets in accounting, approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Belarus dated December 20, 2001 No. 127 (hereinafter referred to as Instruction No. 127).

In the situation under consideration, the manufacture of handling equipment is a type of activity of the organization. Consequently, such equipment is accounted for as finished products:

D-t 20 - K-t 02, 10, 68, 70, 76, 69, etc.

The actual cost of manufactured products is reflected;

D-t 43 - K-t 20

The registration of finished products at actual cost is reflected.

The transfer of finished products to fixed assets must be reflected in the following entries:

Dt 08 - Kt 43

On the actual cost of equipment transferred to fixed assets;

Dt 08 - Kt 10, 70, 69, etc.

The amount of expenses for completing and installing equipment;

Dt 01 - Kt 08

The fixed asset item is registered.

Registration in the accounting accounts of fixed assets is carried out on the basis of primary accounting documents confirming the fact of a business transaction (clause 4 of Instruction No. 127).

To record the movement of fixed assets, the forms of primary accounting documentation are intended, approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Belarus dated December 8, 2003 No. 168 “On approval of standard forms of primary accounting documents for accounting of fixed assets and intangible assets and Instructions on the procedure for filling out forms of standard forms of primary accounting documents for accounting of fixed assets funds and intangible assets."

Acceptance of equipment for registration as fixed assets is carried out on the basis of an act of acceptance and transfer of fixed assets in the OS-1 form. An act of form OS-1 is drawn up for each individual inventory item and approved by the head of the organization. An act of form OS-1a can be filled out for a group of homogeneous fixed assets.

The procedure for preferential treatment of profits aimed at financing capital investments for production purposes was established in 2010 by Art. 140 of the Tax Code of the Republic of Belarus (hereinafter referred to as the Tax Code of the Republic of Belarus).

The creation by one’s own resources of fixed assets intended for use in business activities is recognized as capital investments for production purposes (subclause 2.5, clause 2, article 140 of the Tax Code of the Republic of Belarus). Therefore, the organization has the right to benefit from profits aimed at creating equipment that will be used as fixed assets.

When creating fixed assets using your own resources, profit in the amount of actual costs incurred in the reporting period is exempt from income tax.

Exemption from income tax is provided only in relation to expenses that form, in accordance with the law, the initial (replacement) cost of fixed assets.

Thus, when registering finished products produced by the enterprise itself as fixed assets, the organization has the right to apply an exemption from income tax.

Similar rules were in force in 2009.

Naturally, when benefiting from benefits, the conditions for applying the benefit must be met.

In the table below we consider the conditions for applying the benefit in 2009 and 2010.

In 2009, the conditions for applying the benefit were established sub-clause. c) clause 2 of Art. 5 of the Law of the Republic of Belarus dated December 22, 1991 No. 1330 No.-XII “On taxes on income and profit”, in 2010 - paragraphs. 2-3 tbsp. 140 Tax Code of the Republic of Belarus.

To apply the benefit, the organization must have supporting documents

The Tax Code of the Republic of Belarus does not contain a list of documents that an organization must have to confirm the application of the benefit. Previously, such a list was given in the Instructions on the procedure for calculating and paying taxes on income and profits to the budget, approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Taxes of the Republic of Belarus dated January 31, 2004 No. 19.

In fact, at present, according to the explanations of specialists from the Ministry of Taxes of the Republic of Belarus, the same list of documents should be used.

When producing fixed assets in-house, the amount of profit used to finance capital investments must be confirmed by:

Calculation of costs for the production of these fixed assets;

Primary accounting documents (internal invoices for raw materials, materials, components issued for production for the manufacture of the above fixed assets, calculation of wage costs and a register of accrued wages (according to closed orders) regarding the specified manufactured fixed assets), confirming these costs, with the reflection of these funds in the appropriate accounting accounts.

When producing fixed assets on your own, documents for payment for materials and other material assets used in production are not required.

When using finished products as fixed assets, it seems necessary to calculate the actual cost of a unit of equipment and document this calculation with an accounting certificate. In this case, the certificate must contain all the necessary details established for the primary accounting document, Art. 9 of the Law "On Accounting and Reporting".

Today we will get acquainted with the independent production of OS objects

Accounting

Expenses for the production of non-current tangible assets are classified by P(S)BU 7 “Fixed Assets” as capital investments in non-current tangible assets. OS created on its own are credited by the enterprise to the balance sheet at its original cost (clause 7 of P(S)BU 7).

Let us remind you

The initial cost of P(S)BU 7 considers the historical (actual) cost of non-current assets in the amount of cash or fair value of other assets paid (transferred) used for acquisition (creation) of non-current assets.

The composition of the initial cost of an asset is given in clause 8 of P(S)BU 7. For more information on the list of expenses that form the initial cost of an asset, read the material.

Expenses that form the initial cost of the acquired (created) OS are collected by debit of subaccounts (depending on the type of object):

• 151 "Capital construction";
• 152 “Acquisition (manufacturing) of fixed assets”;
• 153 “Acquisition (production) of other non-current tangible assets.”

As you can see, regarding accounting for the costs of self-production of OS objects, P(S)BU 7 does not contain any surprises, that is, absolutely the same rules apply as regarding accounting for the acquisition of OS. Therefore, in general issues of forming the initial cost, you can use our advice provided in the article “Accounting for the acquisition of fixed assets for national currency”.

Thus, the initial cost of an OS object created or built by an enterprise includes all costs associated with its creation (construction), installation, assembly, adjustment and bringing it to a state in which it is suitable for use in the enterprise for the intended purpose. Here is an approximate list of expenses that may be included in capital investments for the creation of OS objects.

So, the initial cost of created (built) OS objects will include, among other things:

the cost of raw materials, building materials and structures, semi-finished products, fuels and lubricants, water, electricity, spare parts, auxiliary materials, low-value and wearable items spent on the creation (construction) of a specific OS facility (both purchased from third parties and manufactured in auxiliary production facilities of the enterprise). They are written off by wiring Dt 151, 152 ,153 Kt 201"Raw materials and materials" 202 "Purchased semi-finished products and components" 203 "Fuel", 205 "Construction Materials", 207 "Spare parts", 209 "Other materials",
22 "Low value and wearable items" 23 "Production", 631 "Settlements with domestic suppliers" 685 “Settlements with other creditors”;

• the cost of work (services) performed (provided) by third-party enterprises or structural divisions of their enterprise, rent for the use of non-current assets involved in the creation (construction) of an asset. They are written off by wiring Dt 151, 152 , 153 Kt 631, 685 , 23 ;
• expenses for basic and additional wages, incentives, compensation and other monetary payments to employees involved in the creation (construction) of OS, deductions for compulsory state social insurance. They are charged by posting Dt 151, 152 , 153 Kt 661, 651 , 652 ;
• depreciation of fixed assets, intangible assets and other non-current tangible assets involved in the creation (construction) of the fixed assets object. It is charged by posting Dt 151,152 , 153 Kt 131, 132 , 133 ;
• the amount of obligation justified by the calculation (the estimated amount of expenses), which, in accordance with the law, arises for the enterprise regarding the dismantling, moving of the OS object and bringing the land plot on which it is located to a condition suitable for further use (in particular, for the reclamation of disturbed areas provided for by law). lands). In such circumstances, make notes Dt 151, 152 , 153 Kt 478“Ensuring the restoration of land plots.” In the future, by debit of the subaccount 478 the use of the created security for the work carried out to dismantle, move the OS object, and reclaim disturbed lands is displayed;
• financial expenses that form the cost of qualifying assets in accordance with P(S)BU 31 “Financial expenses” - Dt 151, 152 , 153 Kt 951, 952 .

When the object is recognized as suitable for use, all accumulated expenses are written off to the debit of the subaccount in which the fixed assets object is accounted for: Dt 10"Fixed assets" or 11 “Other non-current tangible assets” Kt 151, 152 , 153 .

Tax accounting

Income tax

According to clause 144.1 of the Tax Code of Ukraine (hereinafter - TCU), expenses for independent production (creation) of OS, nematic assets, cultivation of long-term biological assets for use in economic activities, including expenses for paying wages to employees who were involved in the production (creation) of fixed assets and intangible assets, are subject to tax depreciation.

At the same time, expenses for acquisition/independent production and repair, as well as for reconstruction, modernization or other improvements are not subject to depreciation in tax accounting and are made at the expense of appropriate sources of financing. non-production OS(clause 144.3 of the NKU). Note that non-production OS, according to Art. 144.3 of the Tax Code are non-current tangible assets that are not used in the business activities of the payer.

Acquired (self-produced) fixed assets are credited to the taxpayer’s balance sheet in the same way as in accounting, that is, at their original cost (clause 146.4 of the Tax Code).

At the same time, the NKU has a special norm that concerns the topic we are considering. According to clause 146.6 of the Tax Code, in the case of expenses for the independent production of OS by the taxpayer for his own production needs, the cost of the OS object, which is depreciated, increases by the amount of all production expenses incurred by the taxpayer, which are associated with their production and commissioning, as well as expenses for production of such OS, excluding VAT paid, if the taxpayer is registered as a VAT payer, regardless of the sources of financing.

And although clause 146.6 of the Tax Code talks about the cost that is depreciated, it is obvious that this rule concerns specifically the formation of the initial cost of fixed assets, on the basis of which the depreciated cost is calculated (clause 14.1.19 of the Tax Code).

Therefore, in fact, in tax accounting, it makes sense for an enterprise to focus on the list of expenses that form the initial cost of the fixed assets in accounting in accordance with clause 8 of P(S)BU 7. At least, you will have an indicative list of consumable components of the initial cost of the fixed assets.

Value added tax

Everything is standard with this tax. Let us recall the basic rules. Consequently, VAT accrued (paid) by the payer of this tax in connection with the acquisition ( construction, construction) OS, including in the case of their import, is included in the tax credit on a general basis (clause 198.2, clause 198.3 of the Tax Code). That is, provided that such OS will be used in business transactions subject to VAT.

The tax credit of the reporting period is determined based on the negotiated (contract) cost of goods/services, but not higher than the level of regular prices (remember that from 01/01/2013 regular prices are determined according to Article 39 of the Tax Code).

The right to accrue a tax credit arises regardless of whether the payer began to use the acquired and created fixed assets in taxable business transactions during the reporting tax period, as well as whether he carried out taxable transactions during such a reporting tax period.

The tax credit must be confirmed by a correctly executed tax invoice (clause 198.6 of the Tax Code).

If the OS was manufactured for use in business operations that are not subject to VAT or are exempt from taxation, the taxpayer will not receive a tax credit (clause 198.4 of the Tax Code). When they are partially used in taxable transactions, and partially not, the tax credit includes only the share of VAT paid (accrued) on the acquisition or manufacture of fixed assets, which corresponds to the share of the use of such assets in taxable transactions (clauses 199.1, 199.2 , 199.3 NKU).

In turn, at the end of the calendar year, the taxpayer recalculates the share of the use of goods/services and non-current assets in taxable transactions, based on the actual volumes of taxable and non-taxable transactions carried out during the year.

Recalculation of the share of use of non-current assets in taxable transactions is carried out based on the results of one, two and three calendar years following the year in which they began to be used (put into operation) (clause 199.4 of the Tax Code).

Let us give an example of accounting and tax accounting for the creation of an OS object (construction by contract).

Example

In the first quarter of 2013, an enterprise (payer of income tax and VAT on a general basis) contracted a greenhouse for growing vegetables.

Construction costs:

• building materials - 100,000 UAH;
• fuels and lubricants - 5,000 UAH;
• other materials - 7,000 UAH;
• electricity, gas, water - 4,000 UAH;
• rental of construction equipment - 20,000 UAH;
• auxiliary production services - 5,000 UAH;
• wages of workers engaged in construction - 40,000 UAH, social charges - 16,000 UAH;
• depreciation of fixed assets used in construction - 8,000 UAH.

The greenhouse was built and put into operation in accordance with the Acceptance and Transfer Certificate (internal movement) of fixed assets (standard form No. OZ-1).

We present the accounting records of these transactions in table.

Table

Accounting for the creation (construction) of an OS object

Salary no.		Account correspondence		Amount, thousand UAH
		Dt	CT
1	Construction materials written off	151	205
2	Fuel and lubricants written off	151	203
3	Other materials written off	151	209
4	Used for construction electricity, gas, water	151	685
5	Included in the original price object rent for rental of construction equipment	151	631
6	Included in the original price auxiliary production service object	151	233
7	Salary accrued construction workers