Is it possible to do rhythmic gymnastics with dysplasia? Sports for connective tissue dysplasia

DCT or connective tissue dysplasia in children leads to the appearance of a complex of syndromes. Their presence reduces the child’s quality of life and negatively affects his physical development and psycho-emotional state. If a young patient is not provided with qualified assistance in a timely manner, he may soon become disabled.

Features of connective tissue dysplasia in children

Connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) is a complex of syndromes, the appearance of which is provoked by a disorder in the formation and development of connective tissue (CT). This disorder begins during intrauterine development of the fetus and continues after the birth of the child for many years.

Due to the constant deficiency of substances necessary for the structure of connective tissue, children’s skeleton and the structure of the respiratory, cardiovascular and other systems begin to deform. A feature of DST is the absence of symptoms in a newborn. In the first year of life, articular dysplasia can be detected, and in adolescence, doctors already diagnose the presence of several syndromes simultaneously. Inadequate treatment of connective tissue deficiency leads to disability or sudden death of the patient.

ICD-10 code

There is no code for “connective tissue dysplasia” in ICD-10. When making a diagnosis, doctors write down the code of the leading syndrome of the disease as the main pathology, and supplement it with secondary (background) disorders and complications.

Causes and provoking factors for the development of DST

The cause of connective tissue dysplasia is considered to be a qualitative, quantitative defect in the formation of proteins, from which elastin, fibrillin, collagen and other substances necessary for the development of TS must subsequently be formed. This phenomenon is provoked by gene mutation, which leads to the birth of a baby with defective connective tissue.

Provoking factors for DST include genetic predisposition (presence of this disease in a family history), deficiency of magnesium and other beneficial substances, bad habits of a woman, toxicosis or drug treatment during pregnancy. This also includes work, therapy or cosmetic procedures associated with radiation, and poor ecology.

Classification of CTD in children

According to the type of disease, undifferentiated and differentiated connective tissue dysplasia in children is distinguished. Developmental disorders of TS are also classified according to the predominant syndrome or localization of pathological changes.

Differentiated DST includes dysplasia with a pronounced clinical picture and certain defects. This group includes bone imperfections (crystal people), Eulers-Danlos, Marfan and flaccid skin syndromes. Undifferentiated DST includes a violation of the formation of ST, in which changes in structures occur in several body systems simultaneously. With the development of this type of connective tissue insufficiency, the child’s card is replete with diagnoses.

Clinical picture of DST and signs of disease development in children

In a child, dysplastic changes in connective tissue become noticeable from 2 months to 12 years. Signs of the disease can manifest as single or multiple disorders.

What syndromes do a child have due to connective tissue dysplasia:

External signs of progression of CTD in a child include the onset of skeletal curvatures: scoliosis, crooked teeth, long fingers or other deviations from the norm of physiological development. He also has noticeable muscle weakness, abnormally shaped ears, hyperextensible skin, and joint laxity. The child often experiences subluxations, tendon injuries, arthralgia, pain in the heart, abdomen or other body systems that undergo pathological changes.

Children with connective tissue deficiency constitute a psychological risk group with suicidal tendencies. Due to asthenia and the presence of cosmetic syndrome, they often become depressed, lack psycho-emotional stability, become pessimists, and other neurological signs are present.

Which doctor treats DST

Connective tissue dysplasia syndrome in adults and children is dealt with by geneticists and doctors in specialized medical centers. But DSP is also treated by pediatricians (therapists) with the involvement of neurologists, cardiologists, orthopedists, gastroenterologists, and, if necessary, other doctors.

Diagnosis of connective tissue dysplasia

Children with suspected development of connective tissue dysplasia undergo clinical and genetic examination. The pediatrician collects anamnesis and gives referrals to other doctors. Each specialist carries out a physical examination (examination, measurement of parameters, the presence of one or more syndromes, and so on), then makes a primary diagnosis.

Mandatory diagnostic methods for identifying disorders associated with DST:

To confirm the disease, molecular genetic blood tests are performed.

Treatment of DST in children

For connective tissue dysplasia, diet therapy, drug and non-drug therapy are used. It is advisable to apply these methods comprehensively up to 2 times a year. The optimal course of treatment is 4 months.

Non-drug therapy for DST

Non-drug treatment for children with CTD includes massage, correction of musculoskeletal structures with orthopedic structures (insoles, corsets, orthoses), physiotherapy and psychotherapy. Exercise therapy and breathing exercises are also prescribed up to 4 times a week for 20 minutes. Exercises to strengthen the muscle corset are performed while lying down. It is recommended to carry out sanatorium-resort treatment for 3–5 years.

Physiotherapy for DST:

For minor dysplastic disorders, the child is shown a general daily routine with dosed work/study and a normal alternation of work/rest. If osteogenesis imperfecta is diagnosed, they prescribe wearing corsets and recommend leading a gentle lifestyle (you cannot run, jump, and so on).

Diet therapy for DST

An unbalanced diet accelerates the progression of dysplastic changes in the body. The type of treatment table according to Pevzner is prescribed after examination of the gastrointestinal tract by a gastroenterologist.

For connective tissue dysplasia, it is recommended to consume foods rich in protein and B vitamins, nuts, fish and beef, and dietary supplements with combined chondroprotectors. They normalize protein metabolism. Foods containing ascorbic acid, tocopherol and trace elements improve collagen synthesis. If a child grows excessively, it is useful to consume soybean oil, lard, pumpkin seeds and drugs that inhibit the production of somatotropic hormone.

Drug therapy

Drug treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and eliminating the pathological causes of connective tissue dysplasia. In symptomatic therapy, painkillers, adaptogens, sedatives, β-blockers and other medications are used.

Pathogenetic drug treatment is aimed at:

activation of collagen synthesis;
correction of disorders in the formation of glycosaminoglycans;
normalization of mineral and vitamin metabolism;
increasing bioenergy reserves;
normalization of peroxidation processes and the level of free amino acids.

Children with DST need replacement therapy with the use of proline, arginine, tyrosine and other substances necessary to correct the development of connective tissue.

Treatment with magnesium-containing drugs is of particular importance. Magnerot, Magne B6, and other products with the Mg element increase the body’s tolerance to physical activity and reduce the severity of symptoms of vegetative, asthenic and cardiac disorders.

A common treatment regimen for connective tissue dysplasia:

First stage. Mildronate 5 ml intravenously for 10 days, then 250 mg twice a day for 12 days, and later switch to Actovegin drip or orally. Magnerot for a week, 2 tablets three times a day, then 1 tablet/3 times/day for a month. Vitamin C (if there are no contraindications) 0.6 g/day – up to 4 weeks.
Second phase. Zincite is taken 2 tablets/day for 4 months. Riboxin is prescribed 1 tablet/3 times a day for 8 weeks.
Third stage. Drink a solution of 1% copper sulfate, 10 drops three times a day for a month. Structum twice a day and Calcium Sandoz 3 times a day - 500 mg for 3 months. Mexidol 2 ml intravenously for two weeks.

Surgery

Surgical intervention is carried out according to strict indications, if the identified disorder poses a threat to the child’s life or there is severe pain. Thoroplasty, lens removal, valve replacement and other types of operations are performed in case of severe skeletal deformation, in case of abnormalities in the structure of blood vessels, heart, and eye structures.

DST forecast

Doctors give a favorable treatment prognosis for localized types of pathology. If a child is diagnosed with an undifferentiated form of DST with multiple dysplastic changes, therapy stops the progression of the disease, but does not return the normal physiological structure.

If CTD is not detected in a timely manner or treatment methods are incorrectly selected, the risk of early disability of the child or sudden death due to irreversible processes in the cardiovascular system increases.

Indications and contraindications for DST in children

With connective tissue dysplasia, parents need to scrupulously follow medical recommendations and monitor the dosage of the sick baby’s loads.

A child with DST is advised to:

performing muscle-strengthening exercises daily for 15–30 minutes (lying down);
walking;
swimming;
a ride on the bicycle;
Exercise therapy according to a weakened program;
adherence to the principles of proper nutrition;
consumption of enriched foods with protein, vitamins C, A, group B, E, PP, selenium, calcium, magnesium, copper, phosphorus, zinc;
annual examination;
psychologist consultations.

If there is connective tissue deficiency, the child is not recommended to live in areas with a hot climate or polluted ecosystem; he should not lift weights exceeding 3 kg, or engage in dancing or contact sports. It is also contraindicated for children with CTD to perform spinal traction or work (gymnastics) that requires great physical or mental stress associated with vibration.

Prevention of DST

Prevention of CTD using non-drug methods is recommended not only for the child, but also for all family members. This includes diet therapy, exercise therapy, physical therapy, and psychotherapy. People with CT dysplasia should also undergo annual drug correction of metabolic disorders to activate collagen formation, visit sanatoriums, and follow other medical recommendations.

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For arthrosis of the hip joints, Evdokimenko’s healing gymnastics is an important part of the successful treatment of the patient. Only an integrated approach to the treatment of the disease will help to achieve an improvement in health, especially when large joints are affected. Exercise therapy will successfully strengthen muscles and ligaments, activate local blood circulation and ensure the delivery of all necessary nutrients to cartilage tissue.

Principles of exercise therapy from Evdokimenko

A set of exercises is developed depending on the location of the affected joint individually for each patient. This takes into account the patient’s health status, the degree of development of the pathological process, the severity of the disease, the presence of complications and concomitant diseases. Incorrect selection of movements can significantly worsen the patient’s well-being. It is advisable that the set of exercises be agreed upon with a physical therapy specialist.

Dr. Evdokimenko has developed special exercises for all large joints for arthrosis, which must be taken into account. A personal approach will ensure achievement of a positive result in the shortest possible time, while minimizing the risk of side effects.

Gymnastics is aimed at strengthening muscles, ligaments and improving tissue trophism. In this case, there are no exercises in which the patient must bend, straighten or rotate the damaged joint. After all, increased stress leads to further progression of the disease and deterioration of the patient’s health.

When performing gymnastics, there may be minor pain due to the load on muscles that were not previously intensively involved. This condition will go away after a few days of regular exercise. If the movement is accompanied by sharp pain, it should not be done. There are 2 explanations for this: either it was done incorrectly, or it doesn’t suit you.

Exercise therapy should be done only during remission. It is strictly forbidden to perform gymnastics during an exacerbation of the disease. Pavel Evdokimenko has developed a fairly large set of exercises for large joints. However, it is not necessary to do them all at once. Among them there are movements not only to strengthen the affected joints, but also to the back and abdominal muscles. One physical therapy session should include about 2-3 stretching exercises and 5-7 strengthening exercises. A large selection will allow you to diversify your workout; its duration should be about 15-30 minutes daily.

Types of exercises for joint diseases

In case of joint diseases complicated by degenerative-dystrophic processes, it is strictly forbidden to make fast dynamic movements. These are squats, swings of arms, legs with maximum amplitude and others.

All exercises should be static, in extreme cases - slow dynamic. With their help, you can strengthen weakened muscles and ligaments of the joint, because with pain in the knee, a person will spare this leg, which over time will lead to their atrophy.

The most common example of a static exercise is to lie on your back and raise your leg 10-20 cm above the support level and hold it in this position for 1-2 minutes. Slow dynamic movement - slowly raise and lower the limb several times.

An important role in the successful treatment of diseases of large joints is played by exercises aimed not only at strengthening, but also at stretching the joint capsule and ligamentous apparatus. These movements must be performed very slowly and carefully. You cannot do gymnastics through force, overcoming pain. You need to be patient, and after a few weeks of regular gymnastics, joint mobility will increase slightly.

Exercise therapy for coxarthrosis

Physical therapy for diseases of the hip joints should be carried out very carefully, taking into account the patient’s condition. Classes should begin with static exercises. In this case, the thigh muscles are used, and the joint itself remains motionless. Coxarthrosis involves training with the patient lying on his back or sitting.

Basic exercises for physical therapy for diseases of the hip joints at home:

Spread a rug on the floor and lie on your back. Slowly and carefully raise each leg 15-20 cm and hold for 30-40 seconds. During classes, you need to ensure that the training rules are followed: lifting the leg should be done using the muscles of the thigh and buttock. Do the exercise with both limbs and rest a little. After this, repeat the load in a dynamic version: smoothly raise your leg 10-20 cm and slowly lower it, holding it at the highest point for several seconds. You need to make 10-12 approaches, each time taking a short break.
Roll over onto your stomach, stretch your arms along your body, and bend one leg at the knee. Raise it above the floor level by 10-15 cm and hold it for 30-40 seconds. Lower the limb, relax and repeat the movement with the other leg. Repeat the exercise in a dynamic form - smoothly raise and lower several times. Gymnastics for arthrosis should be carried out correctly and slowly, you should follow the recommendations. Your goal is to activate blood circulation and strengthen muscles, not to lift the limb as high and quickly as possible.
Lying on your stomach, extend your arms along your torso and straighten your legs. Suitable for physically strong people, as it is a rather difficult exercise and can cause an increase in blood pressure. To perform it, you need to slightly raise both legs, spread them apart and bring them together. Movements should be slow and smooth. You need to do 8-10 approaches.
Lie on your right side, bending the same limb at the knee. Raise your left leg 45° and hold for 20-30 seconds. Turn to the other side and repeat.
The starting position is similar to the previous one. Raise your straight leg to a level of about 45°, and while holding it at the height, slowly turn it outward and back. Repeat rotational movements 8-10 times. You should turn out not only the foot, but the entire limb, starting from the hip. The exercise is quite difficult; it must be done very slowly and smoothly so as not to cause damage to the diseased joint.
Lie on your back, bend your knees, and extend your arms along your torso. Raise your pelvis, resting on your shoulders and feet. Stay in this position for 20-30 seconds, lie down and relax. Repeat the movement several times in a slow dynamic version.

Exercise therapy for gonarthrosis

For arthrosis of the knee joint, physical therapy includes certain types of exercises that are performed from different positions. The first 4 movements are similar to those that need to be done for coxarthrosis.

Subsequent training should be done while sitting on a chair or standing. To achieve a positive result from physical therapy, the load must be increased gradually, increasing the number of movements and the total time of the session. After finishing the workout, the patient should rest and relax. To do this, you can lie on a horizontal surface: this will improve blood circulation in the joints. It is advisable to take a contrast shower.

The following set of exercises will help heal your knee:

Sitting on a chair with a flat back, straighten and raise each leg in turn. If possible, it is advisable to hold it in this position for about 40-50 seconds.
The patient should face the chair and lean on its back. Raise yourself on your toes and stand there for 3-5 seconds. Repeat the exercise several times.
Without changing your position, lift yourself onto the toe of one leg, and then stand completely on the sole. At the same time, stand on the toe of the other limb. Repeat the movement several times. You will get a “roll”, thanks to which blood circulation in the knee joint is activated.
The final stage of any workout is a light massage. You can do it yourself, without the help of family and friends. It is necessary to gently stretch the muscles of the anterolateral thigh.

Gonarthrosis is quite difficult to treat, so you need to make every effort to achieve a positive result. Physical therapy can provide effective help, but for this you need to do exercises regularly for a long time.

This term - dysplasia - refers to congenital underdevelopment of the hip joint with functional disorders. During a visual examination of a newborn by a non-specialist, it may not be noticed, but when the baby gets to his feet, the disease will manifest itself.

Symptoms and causes of hip dysplasia in children

Functional disorders occur in 3% of newborns, and more often in girls.

Interestingly, among representatives of the national culture of Asia and Africa, dysplasia was detected 3 times less often. There was even a theory that intrauterine underdevelopment is inherent in Europeans. But then it turned out that the peculiarities of caring for babies - carrying children on their backs with their legs spread and the absence of tight swaddling - helped get rid of this defect if it was mild to moderate in severity.

The structure of the hip joint is as follows: the pelvic bones and the femoral head form a cup-shaped acetabulum. The connection is made using articular ligaments; nerves and blood vessels are included in the structure.

With dysplasia, the structure of the elements that make up the joint is pathologically changed.

This is expressed as follows:

the head of the articular surface of the femur is not dense enough, complete ossification has not occurred;
the depression is flattened;
the neck of the femur is shortened.

Due to dysplastic changes, the direction changes - the femoral neck deviates from the axis, the structure of the ligaments and muscle tissue is disrupted. Later, when the baby gets to his feet, a violation of statics appears, which results in a pronounced deformation of the feet.

The causes of hip dysplasia in children include the following factors:

intrauterine development disorder;
congenital pathology of the spinal cord, its underdevelopment - myelodysplasia;
hereditary predisposition;
excessive secretion of progesterone by the maternal body - in this case, there is an option to independently eliminate the problem while the body exists independently.

The possibility of dysplasia increases with severe pregnancy, the threat of miscarriage due to oligohydramnios, if the fetus was large, the uterus was often toned, and pelvic diligence was diagnosed. Vitamin deficiency during pregnancy has an adverse effect on the development of the musculoskeletal system.

Symptoms of hip dysplasia in case of underdevelopment can only be noticed by an orthopedist - they manifest themselves sparingly.

These include the following points:

the child’s dissatisfaction with spreading his legs to the sides;
asymmetry of the popliteal and gluteal folds;
stiffness when extending the legs.

The most accurate description of the clinical picture is possible after an ultrasound examination, which establishes late formation of the nuclei and insufficient ossification of the head of the femoral cartilage.

Pathology is identified by the following signs:

A click when bending the limbs apart: the head of the femur, which has fallen out of the socket, enters back into the joint with a characteristic sound. When the legs return to their original position, the click is repeated;
Erlacher's symptom - a limb, at the base of which a malformation is suspected, is brought to the healthy leg and brought in very slowly. If there is no dysplasia, the limbs intersect in the middle third of the thigh, in case of pathological changes - in the upper third;
Determine the length of the legs. The shortening is visible when comparing the height of the kneecaps: in the position of the baby on his back, the legs are bent and pressed against a horizontal surface;
A hip dislocation can be noticed by the unnatural twisting of the affected limb - for this, the baby is placed on his back and both legs are straightened.

Consequences of dysplasia

If in infancy the disease practically does not manifest itself, but as soon as children begin to walk, the disturbance in the formation of the joint becomes visually noticeable. The baby has a limp on the affected limb, a “duck” gait – a waddle, and the difference in the development of the gluteal muscles and postural disturbances are already visible.

In the future, the following deviations may appear:

dysplastic coxarthrosis;
problems with the musculoskeletal system: scoliosis, flat feet, osteochondrosis;
neoarthrosis – spontaneous change in the joint;
aseptic necrosis of the femoral head - damage to the blood vessels in the ligamentous apparatus.

To prevent the occurrence of complications in adulthood, treatment of hip dysplasia in children should begin from the moment the pathology is identified.

Dysplasia therapy

Since the consequences of dysplasia worsen the quality of life, treatment should begin from a very early age.

Therapeutic measures depend on the severity of the condition. If the pathology does not cause clinical manifestations, treatment is conservative.

Wide swaddling for up to 6 months without orthopedic devices; in the future, in case of severe dysplasia, it may be necessary to wear splints, Freik pillows, and plaster casts. Orthopedic devices are necessary for hip dislocation and subluxation.

Exercise therapy

It is very important to introduce exercise therapy into therapeutic measures for hip dysplasia in children. The first classes are conducted with a specialist, then parents learn the necessary skills and perform a mandatory set of physical therapy with the child on their own.

This helps develop movement in the hip joint.

Of course, exercise therapy is carried out after the plaster casts or fixators are removed. To eliminate pathology, massage is necessary. It is better to have it carried out by a specialist.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy is of great importance. Electrophoresis is often prescribed, especially for severe hip dysplasia in children. Physiotherapy accelerates blood circulation, restores metabolism in the affected joint, and accelerates tissue regeneration. Physiotherapy can also be carried out when the limbs are fixed with bandages, orthopedic structures or plaster casts.

Electrophoresis is carried out with calcium; in addition, salt baths, ozokerite and paraffin baths are effective in restoring mobility and range of motion in the joint. Spa treatment and mud applications are recommended.

The first place among congenital deformities of the musculoskeletal system is occupied by hip dysplasia and its extreme severity - congenital hip dislocation. Dysplasia is an incorrect, perverted development of the hip joint, involving all its elements - the acetabulum, the head of the femur with the surrounding muscles, ligaments, and articular capsule. There are a large number of different theories about the development of hip dysplasia, but they all boil down to...

Symptoms of hip dysplasia in children...

Quite often, the pediatrician sends newborns to an orthopedist with suspected hip dysplasia. There are a number of symptoms that are visible to the naked eye and if detected, you CANNOT delay visiting a doctor. Any mother can notice these signs of congenital hip dislocation. Asymmetry of skin folds Place your baby on his tummy and straighten his legs. Further

Clothes for children with hip dysplasia.

When a child is undergoing treatment for hip dysplasia and wears Pavlik stirrups, a Grenkovsky apparatus, a Vilensky splint, a Koshli splint, or is in a cast, ordinary clothing is not suitable. We offer special clothing for children wearing orthopedic devices, tailored to individual sizes. Delivery within the CIS up to 10 days. free-hip.com

Hip dysplasia in newborns.

One of the tests that my daughter needed to have at the age of 1 month was an ultrasound of her hip joints. I don’t really trust the safety of ultrasound, especially for newborns. But apparently hip dysplasia is a current disease. By the way, I had my first ultrasound during pregnancy at 20 weeks, because I didn’t want to harm the very small embryo in the first weeks. But after reading this article - [link-1] - about hip dysplasia in newborns, I realized...

Dysplasia in children. Causes. Symptoms Treatment.

The development of hip dysplasia in children is a common disorder. Identification of risk factors, including breech presentation of the child and family illnesses, should increase the physician's suspicion of the occurrence of hip dysplasia. The sooner a diagnosis is made and treatment is started, the faster a positive result can be achieved and the higher the chances of recovery. But let's talk about everything in order. continuation: [link-1]

Dysplastic diseases of the hip joints.

One of the pressing issues in childhood orthopedics remains the problem of dysplastic diseases of the hip joints. The frequency of this joint pathology, according to various authors, ranges from 3.8 to 20% (in unfavorable regions). The relevance of the issue is caused by the high frequency of this pathology and the complexity of early diagnosis and treatment. An important link in the occurrence of pathology is childbirth with an incorrect position of the fetus, which creates conditions for the femoral head to slip...

Good evening everyone.. I didn’t find a section about health, probably this doesn’t apply to adult children anymore? :) My son is 17. Yesterday we were at the genetic center in the direction of an orthopedist (he has grade 2 scoliosis and grade 2 flat feet, asthenic build, height 185 , weight 57). In short, they diagnosed connective tissue dysplasia. Since my son suffers from a complex about his thinness, he previously begged me to give him an exercise machine (a bench with a barbell) for his birthday. The weight of the barbell is from 30 and above, he does it lying down...

Discussion

I won’t say anything about dysplasia, but about stage II scoliosis, I can please you that he won’t be accepted into the army in peacetime. If the diagnosis is confirmed.

Familiar, unfortunately. And the doctor is absolutely right - with connective tissue dysplasia you can’t lift heavy things, you can lift yourself to the point of disaster. My son reached the point of surgery at the age of 16. True, before this very operation, neither he nor I suspected anything about such a risk. Now we know.
You can build muscle with a bunch of exercises, and they don’t necessarily have to be strength exercises. My son somehow figured it out on his own, worked out in the gym, with an instructor, and then on his own.
You need to convince the boy that there is always a way out, you just have to look.

In June I wrote an article "111 Days of Hope". I still continue to receive letters of request. And I never get tired of answering them.

2 - that's for sure! What did you want? Yes, we wanted the child to be examined in the maternity hospital, especially if this maternity hospital bears the title “Child-Friendly”, so that the pediatrician does not pay attention only to height, weight, and feeding! After all, sometimes mommy is even scared to take the baby in her arms, let alone twist and turn the legs and arms! After that, we called Dr. Kolesov and agreed to apply a plaster cast with him. We went on Sunday November 25th. We begged from the door to do everything as quickly as possible. The doctor examined my daughter and discovered a flat-valgus deformity of the legs... (“Why treat flat feet in such babies - it will go away with amo!” - the words of our pediatrician). Then he showed us pictures of the children before and after treatment. There we met a girl from Khabarovsk...
...The doctor says that after his treatment, children develop faster. He encourages all kinds of physical exercise, walking. But he doesn’t use splints at all: they either don’t give results, or they need to be worn for a very long time. Why take so long if there is an alternative way? My daughter started crawling at 11.5 months, a month after the bandage was removed. Got up in a year. She didn’t allow herself to be led by the hand, she walked by herself, holding onto the sofa. On July 18, 2008, my daughter went on her own! Moreover...

Discussion

Flat feet are easy to treat. We need to roll a rolling pin at home with our feet, and in the summer at the seaside, for example in Adler, where there are pebbles and we run on the pebbles with our bare feet.

07/12/2018 23:05:45, Natplya

Tell me, have you found a way to treat flat feet? Otherwise, traditional orthopedics can’t help much in this matter. The insoles that everyone offers do not cure anything. Orthopedists themselves say that this cannot be treated. Please tell us where and how you treat flat feet.

02.08.2014 13:15:55, Moonlight1982

Hip dysplasia is a malformation of the joint and all its elements. Depending on the degree of displacement of the femoral head in the acetabulum, dislocation, subluxation or preluxation of the hip are distinguished. In a newborn, the formation of the joint has not yet been completed, so early diagnosis of the disease and the earliest possible start of treatment are important. Preventive examination by an orthopedist and neurologist, as well as ultrasound examination...
...Physical exercises can be general developmental or special. The first ones begin to be used from the beginning of a child’s life as reflex exercises, and as he grows up, taking into account his psychomotor development. Special exercises help restore the hip joints, thigh muscles and buttocks. Taking into account the age of the child, passive (up to a year) and active exercises (from 1 to 3 years) are used. In the first year of life, as a rule, physical exercise is combined with massage. With congenital dislocation...

Discussion

Hello! At 1 month An orthopedic surgeon discovered dysplasia of the hip joint and referred me for an ultrasound. An ultrasound showed leo dysplasia. t/b and subluxation of other t/b joints. Sent to the republics. hospital for treatment. There the orthopedist wrote: “No pathology was detected.” It was as if a stone had been lifted from my soul. Now my daughter is 10 months old. at 6 months crawled and sat down on her own, stands up on her own, learning to walk. But some uncertainty remained, what if they missed it? What if they discover it, and then it’s more difficult to treat...

We were diagnosed with dysplasia at 3 months. They attributed massage, exercise therapy and wide swaddling. At 9 months they showed up again. They said everything seemed fine. And within a year we saw another doctor. He was horrified, put a knitting needle on our legs and said that we should not get up and walk for 2 months. And she is hyperactive, she has been running since she was 9 months old. So it seems to me that she is dislocating herself even more in this piece of iron. Like a cuttlefish crawling with it, trying to get up, it won’t understand what it is and why. The heart bleeds.(((((((((((((

05/05/2008 15:35:02, OLYA

Question for backfilling: what will happen if it is not treated? Is it possible to seat a child with dysplasia? And is it necessary to put the baby in this stupid pillow? The question arose against the backdrop of personal experience - my mother said that I had it too, but it resolved on its own by 8 months... But maybe it’s just me lucky...

Discussion

Was the diagnosis made accurately, did they take pictures or an ultrasound? An orthopedic examination alone is not enough. We were questioned about dysplasia due to asymmetrical folds. They immediately started doing massage and completed 4 courses. Therefore, such a diagnosis needs to be verified with pictures and not delayed.

It is simply impossible not to treat, this can lead to complications when the child begins to walk. In the best case, you will walk like a duck, in the worst case, you will have an operation, which may not give any results, so you must follow the recommendations of the orthopedist. My daughter wore a pillow for 2 months, it was very difficult for us for the first 5 - 7 days. Then both my daughter and I got used to it. Now we continue to see an orthopedist and do gymnastics. If you have any questions, please contact us.

Many years of experience in dispensary observation of families of patients with various variants of hereditary connective tissue diseases and CTD, analysis of literature data made it possible to formulate the basic principles of treatment for these patients:

Non-drug therapy (adequate regimen, diet, physical therapy, massage, physical and electrical treatment, psychotherapy, spa treatment, orthopedic correction, vocational guidance).

Diet therapy (use of food products enriched with protein, vitamins and microelements).

Drug symptomatic therapy (treatment of pain, improvement of venous blood flow, taking beta blockers, adaptogens, sedatives, hepatoprotectors.

Aerobic training of the cardiovascular system (walking, traveling, jogging, comfortable cycling, playing table tennis, skiing, dosed physical activity on exercise machines, etc.

Connective tissue dysplasia is a dysfunction in which there is pathological formation and growth of the internal structure. This is possible both in the stage of intrauterine development and after birth. The causes of the disorders are associated with hereditary factors and affect the vital activity of the fibrous organization, as well as the main substance that forms the connecting elements. Mutated and malfunctioning genes determine abnormalities in the collagen and elastin chains. The latter do not tolerate mechanical stress. Genetic disorders can occur anywhere in the body due to the prevalence of internal tissue.

Signs of the disease

Hypermobility syndrome has numerous symptoms, and the degree of their manifestation can be mild or severe, but always individual. Experts have combined the readings into several large categories that characterize imbalances in work:

nervous organization; heart valves;

When you say to a patient with a knowing smile: “What’s surprising, you have connective tissue dysplasia,” you are already treating him. After all, doctors used to say that he was fine and there was no reason to feel unwell. Just think - asthenia, scoliosis, flat feet... And then they finally make a diagnosis, do not consider him a neurasthenic and list the complaints before the patient himself remembers them. Just don’t overdo it, dysplasia is not a disease, it is a condition that predisposes to illness and worsens the quality of life. The patient needs to be explained at an accessible level that he is unlucky with connective tissue, but you know this condition and know how to deal with it.

I repeat once again: a thorough examination of the patient is mandatory! Even if you see that complaints indicate the functional nature of the disease, it is better to be safe. Associated pathology must be treated first.

Connective tissue dysplasia” is a diagnosis that is increasingly found in doctors’ reports. Let’s try to understand such a common, but practically incomprehensible term for parents of patients.

“Dysplasia” means abnormal formation, development, in a particular case, of connective tissue. Connective tissue is widely represented in our body. It is present in skin, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels and muscles, including the heart.

Collagen is the main protein in the composition of connective tissue fibers, the process of its formation is complex, and if changes (mutations) occur, abnormal collagen is formed. If the mutations are severe, the organ damage is significant. Geneticists study such people. But mutations are much more common when certain characteristics are inherited, for example, excessively mobile joints. In a family, this symptom is inherited, often accompanied by other signs - vulnerability and excessive stretching.

A new medical term, dysplasia, which appeared not so long ago, means any possible types of pathologies in the development of different parts of the human body, various organs and a number of tissues. The appearance of such pathologies begins to form at the stage of embryonic development of the fetus and is, as a result, an incorrect maturation of the structure of cells, their configuration or size, incorrect creation of tissues, and as a result, the appearance of pathologies of any organ or organ system.

However, recently, dysplasia is increasingly being detected in growing children; there are examples of the manifestation of pathologies in mature adults. It should be noted that dysplasia is not a disease, but pathological changes in the structure of organs.

Causes of pathology

The most common causes of pathologies are genetic abnormalities in fetal formation. Dysplasia can develop in case of hormonal imbalances.

What is connective tissue dysplasia?

Connective tissue dysplasia is a disorder of the formation and development of connective tissue, observed both during the growth stage of the embryo and in people after their birth. In general, the term dysplasia refers to any disorder in the formation of tissues or organs, which can occur both in utero and postnatally. Pathologies occur due to genetic factors and affect both the fibrous structures and the basic substance that makes up the connective tissue.

Sometimes you can find names such as connective tissue dysplasia, congenital connective tissue deficiency, hereditary collagenopathy, hypermobility syndrome. All these definitions are synonyms of the main name of the disease.

Genetic mutations occur anywhere, since connective tissue is distributed throughout the body. Elastane chains and...

Can you easily roll your ear into a tube? Or bend your little finger 90 degrees? Wait to show these tricks to your friends, it is possible that these are manifestations of connective tissue pathology... When doctors diagnose connective tissue dysplasia, treatment may require the most unexpected!

DST as a disease

And only a specialist in DST, seeing a dysplastic person (a thin man with long arms, stooped and wearing glasses), can immediately ask whether his grandmother had varicose veins and how long ago the prolapse of the kidney was discovered. Such a doctor is looked upon as a “shaman” or...

Connective tissue dysplasia

Connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) is a systemic disease in which improper development of connective tissue occurs in the body, which leads to various disorders in the body. Connective tissue is found in tendons, cartilage, ligaments, muscles, skin and blood vessels. Disruption of its development begins during embryonic development, i.e. before birth, but symptoms appear in children and adolescents rather than in infancy. With age, symptoms become more severe. DST is caused by mutations in genes responsible for the production of collagen or other proteins. In rare cases, dysplasia can be caused by severe pregnancy and illness of the pregnant woman.

Symptoms of connective tissue dysplasia

Since connective tissue is present in many organs of the human body, the symptoms can be varied and numerous. In addition, symptoms.

This article discusses the prospects for using dosed physical activity of moderate intensity for the purpose of correcting immunity.

The problem of connective tissue dysplasia has recently attracted great interest among doctors of various fields, due to the increase in the number of patients with this pathology. The incidence of connective tissue dysplasia syndrome (CTD) is quite high - from 26% to 80% of individuals, depending on the study group. Thus, according to the literature, the basis of DST is a molecular pathology, which leads to changes in the structure and function of connective tissue, which is realized by heterogeneous phenotypic and visceral manifestations.

Connective tissue is a complex system that performs various functions, including participation in maintaining homeostasis. There is a close relationship between the state of the immune system and DST syndrome. According to T.I. Kadurina, V.N. Gorbunova (2009) for this syndrome.

Connective tissue dysplasia is a disorder of its development that occurs through mutations in genes. Typically, connective tissue is found in all parts of the body and forms the basis of organs, tissues and muscles. It can be loose or dense, and consists of intercellular substance, cells and fibers.

Thanks to the substances collagen and elastin, connective tissue is elastic, strong, it can withstand heavy loads and protect joints from injury. But when the gene responsible for the production of collagen and elastin is mutated, connective tissue is not formed correctly, it loses its elasticity and cannot cope with its job.

Connective tissue allows the entire musculoskeletal system to function normally, and if it is underdeveloped, then under the most ordinary loads the joints and skeleton become deformed, causing pain to the child and making him disabled. It is important to note that the disease does not manifest itself immediately and disorders may not be noticeable for a long time.

Probably, many have read D. Grigorovich’s short story “The Gutta-percha Boy” or watched the film of the same name. The tragic story of a little circus performer, described in the work, not only reflected the trends of those times. The writer, perhaps without realizing it, gave a literary description of a painful complex studied by domestic scientists, including T.I. Kadurina.

Not all readers have thought about the origin of these unusual qualities in the young hero and people similar to him.

Nevertheless, a set of symptoms, the leading of which is hyperflexibility, reflects the inferiority of connective tissue.

Where does amazing talent come from and at the same time a problem associated with the development and formation of a child. Unfortunately, not everything is so clear and simple.

What is dysplasia?

The concept itself is translated from Latin as “developmental disorder.” Here we are talking about a violation of the development of the structural components of connective tissue, adductors.

Congenital underdevelopment of the connective tissues of the hip joints can significantly complicate the life of a baby. However, if you follow all the doctors’ recommendations correctly, complications can be avoided. It is very important to correctly perform a special complex of exercise therapy for hip dysplasia in children. The exercises will help support muscles that may become significantly weaker when treated with positioning.

Early detection of such a disease is the key to its successful treatment in the shortest possible time. But the positional treatment used is not capable of bringing all possible benefits if it is not used in combination. For hip dysplasia in newborns, gymnastics is also a mandatory medical prescription.

Medical appointments

No matter how frightening the diagnosis may sound, if there is underdevelopment of connective tissues, then you need to create the most favorable conditions for them to return to normal. Fixing the limbs in a physiological position prevents an unstable joint.

Connective tissue dysplasia in children is a set of congenital syndromes in which, due to a disruption in the formation of collagen fibers, the properties of the body’s connective tissue change. Some diseases associated with impaired development and formation of such tissue in the human body were discovered independently of each other and are of a hereditary nature. Such pathologies are combined into two large groups:

Hereditary genetic syndromes - Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos, etc., which are considered to be differentiated dysplasias. Diseases whose symptoms do not fit into the typical clinical picture of hereditary diseases, but are associated with connective tissue pathology - undifferentiated dysplasia.

This difference between these diseases is associated, first of all, with the history of their first description and the severity of characteristic symptoms. Hereditary pathologies of the connective tissue were discovered and described in children and adults at the end of the 19th century. Due to the fact that changes in.

Memo for children with connective tissue dysplasia and their parents

Shown:

Foods enriched with proteins (meat, fish, squid, beans, nuts), glycosaminoglycans (in the absence of contraindications from the gastrointestinal tract 2-3 times a week - strong broths, jellied dishes from meat and fish), vitamins ("C "", "A", "E", "PP", group "B" - "B1", "B2", "VZ", "B6"), microelements (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, zinc, selenium) ;

With excessively high growth from an early age, constant intake of high-fat Omega-3 enzymes, which inhibit the secretion of somatotropin;

Daily (per minute) moderate physical training aimed at strengthening the muscles of the back, abdomen and limbs. Exercises are carried out in a non-contact static-dynamic mode, in a supine position;

Hydrotherapy, therapeutic swimming, relieving static load on the spine;

Physical education classes according to a weakened program (special groups, exercise therapy);

Restrictions (no more than 3 kg) on carrying heavy objects; when lifting them, use your legs as a lift, not your back;

Psychological correction of patients and members of their families;

In case of prolapse of heart valves, enlargement of the aortic root - annually Echocardiography and ECG;

When the aortic root is enlarged by more than 4 cm, use selective beta-blockers in a minimally effective dose individually selected under the control of pulse and blood pressure;

Annual monitoring of the state of connective tissue metabolism indicators and densitometry data. According to indications - correction of identified metabolic disorders;

Contraindicated:

Varieties of contact sports, weightlifting, isometric training, participation in sports competitions, heavy agricultural work, long-distance hiking, mental overload;

Professions associated with heavy physical and emotional stress, vibration, contact with chemicals, exposure to high

temperatures and radiation;

I scheme

frequency of administration - 1-2 times a day; duration - 1-2 months.

Note: indications for the use of this treatment regimen may include: a decrease in the patient’s quality of life; clinical and instrumental manifestations of pathology of the musculoskeletal system; signs of osteopenia or osteoporosis according to densitometry; increased resorption of bone collagen; decrease in the content of L-proline and L-lysine; ionized calcium in blood serum; macro- and microelements in blood serum and/or tissues (hair).

II scheme

1. One of the combined chondroprotectors (artra, teraflex, CONDRO-nova, etc.) in an age-specific dose. Take with meals; drink plenty of water. Duration of treatment is 2-4 months. According to indications - in combination with local chondroprotectors.

III scheme

1. Macro- and microelements (preparations of magnesium, calcium, selenium, zinc, copper, manganese, silicon, sulfur), selected individually, in age-specific doses; The total duration of the course is 2 months.

The main indications for referring patients with connective tissue dysplasia to complex restorative treatment:

scoliosis, kyphoscoliosis, instability of various parts of the spine, joint hypermobility syndrome, flat feet;
osteochondropathy, spinal osteochondrosis, arthrosis-arthritis, metabolic arthropathy;
hereditary systemic diseases of the skeleton (spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, achondroplasia, hypochondroplasia, osteogenesis imperfecta, etc.).

Exercises to develop and consolidate the skill of correct posture:

1. Starting position - standing; correct posture is ensured by touching the wall or gymnastic wall with the gluteal region, calves and heels.

Exercises to strengthen the “muscle corset”:

3. Bend both legs, straighten forward, slowly lower.

Rehabilitation therapy programs for children with connective tissue dysplasia.

Electrophoresis of medications (microelements, antispasmodics, painkillers);

Magnetic therapy (on the sore spot);

Chromotherapy (green matrix to improve trophism and relieve swelling, red matrix for stimulation);

Amplipulse stimulation or DDT stimulation of weakened muscle groups;

Ultrasound for osteochondropathy locally;

Ultraton therapy before massage.

Based on materials from "Connective tissue dysplasia",

Connective tissue dysplasia: symptoms, treatment, recommendations and contraindications

Connective tissue dysplasia is a disease that affects not only the musculoskeletal system, but also almost all internal organs. Therefore, this pathological condition is accompanied by various syndromes that disguise themselves as other more common diseases and can mislead even an experienced doctor.

The article reveals the concept of dysplasia, characteristic symptoms, diagnostic and treatment methods, useful recommendations for restoring and maintaining the body’s capabilities. This information will be useful both to people suffering from diseases of the musculoskeletal system and to young parents in order to promptly detect and prevent the development of this disease in their children.

Connective tissue dysplasia - description

What is connective tissue dysplasia? Faced with such a diagnosis, most people are naturally perplexed, since the majority of them have never heard of anything like this before.

Connective tissue dysplasia is a polymorphic and multisymptomatic disease that is hereditary in nature and occurs against the background of impaired collagen synthesis, which affects almost all internal organs and the musculoskeletal system.

The concept itself is translated from Latin as “developmental disorder.” Here we are talking about a disruption in the development of the structural components of connective tissue, leading to multiple changes. First of all, to symptoms from the joint-muscular system, where connective tissue elements are most widely represented.

The etiology of connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) is a disease based on a violation of the synthesis of collagen protein, which acts as a kind of framework or matrix for the formation of more highly organized elements. Collagen synthesis occurs in basic connective tissue structures, with each subtype producing its own type of collagen.

Connective tissue dysplasia, or congenital connective tissue deficiency, is a disorder of the development of connective tissue in the embryonic and postnatal periods, which occurs due to genetic changes in the fibrillogenesis of the extracellular matrix. The consequence of DST is a disorder of homeostasis at the level of tissues, organs and the whole organism in the form of disorders of the locomotor and visceral organs with a progressive course.

As you know, connective tissue consists of cells, fibers and intercellular substance. It can be dense or loose, distributed throughout the body: in the skin, bones, cartilage tissue, vessel walls, blood, and organ stroma. The most important role in the development of connective tissue is given to its fibers - collagen, which maintains shape, and elastin, which provides contraction and relaxation.

DST is a genetically predetermined process, that is, with underlying mutations of genes that are responsible for the synthesis of fibers. These mutations can be very diverse, and the places where they arise can be in a variety of genes. All this leads to improper formation of collagen and elastin chains, as a result of which the structures formed by them are unable to withstand proper mechanical loads.

Classification

Hereditary connective tissue diseases are divided into:

Differentiated dysplasia (DD),
Undifferentiated dysplasia (UD).

Differentiated dysplasia is characterized by a certain type of inheritance, which has a pronounced clinical picture, and often also established and well-studied biochemical or gene defects. Diseases of this type of dysplasia are called collagenopathies because they are hereditary collagen diseases.

This group includes:

Marfan syndrome is the most common and widely known of this group. It is precisely this that corresponds to the gutta-percha described in fiction (D. V. Grigorovich “The Gutta-percha Boy”).

Among other things, this syndrome is characterized by:

Tall, long limbs, arachnodactyly, scoliosis.
On the part of the organ of vision, retinal detachment, subluxation of the lens, and blue sclera are noted, and the severity of all changes can vary over a wide range.

Girls and boys get sick equally often. Almost 100% of patients have functional and anatomical changes in the heart and become patients in cardiology.

The most characteristic manifestation will be mitral valve prolapse, mitral regurgitation, dilatation and aneurysm of the aorta with the possible formation of heart failure.

Loose skin syndrome is a rare connective tissue disorder in which the skin easily stretches and forms loose folds. In lax skin syndrome, the elastic fibers are mainly affected. The disease is usually hereditary; in rare cases and for unknown reasons, it develops in people with no precedent in the family.

Eulers-Danlos syndrome is a whole group of hereditary diseases, the main clinical signs of which will also be joint laxity. Other very common manifestations include skin vulnerability and the formation of wide atrophic scars due to the extensibility of the integument.

Diagnostic signs may be:

the presence of subcutaneous connective tissue formations in people;
pain in moving joints;
frequent dislocations and subluxations.

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a group of genetically determined diseases, which are based on a violation of the formation of bone tissue. As a result, bone density is sharply reduced, which leads to frequent fractures, impaired growth and posture, the development of characteristic disabling deformities and related problems, including respiratory, neurological, cardiac, renal disorders, hearing loss, etc.

In some types and subtypes, dentinogenesis imperfecta is also noted - a violation of the formation of teeth. In addition, discoloration of the whites of the eyes, the so-called “blue sclera,” is often observed.

Undifferentiated dysplasia (UD) is diagnosed only when none of the signs of the disease relate to differentiated diseases. This is the most common connective tissue pathology. It can occur in both adults and children. The frequency of its detection in young people reaches 80%.

The totality of clinical manifestations of undifferentiated dysplasia does not fit into any of the described syndromes. External manifestations come to the fore, allowing one to suspect the presence of such problems. This looks like a set of signs of connective tissue damage, of which there are about 100 described in the literature.

Signs of connective tissue dysplasia

Despite all the variety of signs of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia, they are united by the fact that the main mechanism of development will be a violation of collagen synthesis with the subsequent formation of pathology of the musculoskeletal system, organs of vision, and heart muscle.

The following signs are considered the main ones:

joint hypermobility;
high skin elasticity;
skeletal deformities;
malocclusion;
flat foot;
vascular network.

Minor signs include, for example, anomalies of the ears, teeth, hernia, etc. There is, as a rule, no clear heredity, but a family history may include osteochondrosis, flat feet, scoliosis, arthrosis, pathology of the organ of vision, etc.

External signs are divided into:

Internal signs include dysplastic changes in the nervous system, visual analyzer, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, and abdominal cavity.

It is noted that vegetative dystonia (VD) syndrome is one of the first to form and is an obligatory component of DST. Symptoms of autonomic dysfunction are observed at an early age, and in adolescence they are noted in 78% of cases of UCTD. The severity of autonomic dysregulation increases in parallel with the clinical manifestations of dysplasia.

In the formation of vegetative shifts in DST, both genetic factors underlying the disruption of biochemical processes in connective tissue and the formation of abnormal connective tissue structures are important, which together changes the functional state of the hypothalamus and leads to autonomic imbalance.

Reasons and factors

Currently, the main causes of DST include changes in the rate of synthesis and assembly of collagen and elastin, the synthesis of immature collagen, and disruption of the structure of collagen and elastin fibers due to their insufficient cross-linking. This indicates that in DST, connective tissue defects in their manifestations are very diverse.

The basis of these morphological disorders are hereditary or congenital mutations of genes directly encoding connective tissue structures, enzymes and their cofactors, as well as unfavorable environmental factors. In recent years, special attention has been drawn to the pathogenetic significance of dyselementosis, in particular hypomagnesemia.

In other words, DST is a multi-level process, because it can manifest itself at the gene level, at the level of imbalance of enzymatic and protein metabolism, as well as at the level of disruption of the homeostasis of individual macro- and microelements.

Such disruption of tissue formation can occur both during pregnancy and after the birth of a child. Scientists attribute a number of genetically determined mutations to the direct causes of the development of such changes in the fetus, which affect the formation of extracellular matrix fibrils.

The most common mutagenic factors today include:

bad habits;
poor environmental situation;
errors in nutrition;
toxicosis of pregnant women;
intoxication;
stress;
magnesium deficiency and much more.

Clinical picture

Dysplastic changes in the connective tissues of the body are very similar in their symptoms to various pathologies, so in practice doctors of different specializations have to deal with them: pediatricians, gastroenterologists, orthopedists, ophthalmologists, rheumatologists, pulmonologists and the like.

Patients diagnosed with Connective Tissue Dysplasia can be identified instantly. These are two types of people: the first - tall, thin, stooped, with protruding shoulder blades and collarbones, and the second - small, thin, fragile.

It is very difficult to make a diagnosis based on the patient’s words, since patients present a lot of complaints:

general weakness;
stomach ache;
headache;
bloating;
constipation;
arterial hypotension;
problems with the respiratory system: frequent pneumonia or chronic bronchitis;
muscle hypotension;
decreased appetite;
poor exercise tolerance, and many others.

Symptoms indicating the presence of this type of dysplasia:

body weight deficiency (asthenic physique);
spinal pathologies: “straight back”, scoliosis, hyperlordosis, hyperkyphosis;
chest deformities;
dolichostenomelia – proportional changes in the body: elongated limbs, feet or hands;
joint hypermobility: the ability to bend the little finger 90 degrees, hyperextend both elbow or knee joints, and so on;
deformity of the lower extremities: valgus;
Changes in soft tissue and skin: “thin”, “flabby” or “hyperextensible” skin, when the vascular network is visible, the skin is painlessly pulled back in the forehead, dorsum of the hand, or under the collarbones, or when the skin is on the ears or tip of the nose formed into a fold;
flat feet: longitudinal or transverse;
slower jaw growth (upper and lower);
changes in the eyes: retinal angiopathy, myopia, blue sclera;
changes in blood vessels: early varicose veins, increased fragility and permeability.

The set of symptoms, the leading of which is hyperflexibility, reflects the inferiority of connective tissue.

Connective tissue dysplasia, the symptoms of which in children are practically no different from the clinical manifestations in adults, is a polymorphic disease and is characterized by a variety of manifestations, namely:

disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system (vegetative-vascular dystonia, speech impairment, migraine, enuresis, excessive sweating);
cardiovascular and respiratory dysfunction (mitral valve prolapse, aneurysms, hypoplasia of the aorta and pulmonary trunk, arrhythmia, arterial hypotension, blockades, cardialgia, sudden death syndrome, acute cardiovascular or pulmonary failure);
pathologies of the musculoskeletal system (scoliosis, kyphosis, flat feet, deformities of the chest and limbs, joint hypermobility, degenerative and destructive pathological conditions in the joints, habitual dislocations, frequent bone fractures);
development of genitourinary diseases (nephroptosis, kidney development anomalies, bladder sphincter insufficiency, miscarriages, amenorrhea, metrorrhagia, cryptorchidism);
external abnormal manifestations (low body weight, high stature with disproportionate limbs, laxity and pallor of the skin, age spots, stretch marks, protruding ears, asymmetry of the ears, hemangiomas, low hair growth on the forehead and neck);
ophthalmological disorders (myopia, retinal vascular pathology, retinal detachment, astigmatism, various forms of strabismus, lens subluxation);
neurotic disorders (panic attacks, depressive states, anorexia);
dysfunction of the digestive tract (tendency to constipation, flatulence, loss of appetite);
various ENT diseases (tonsillitis, bronchitis).

All of the listed signs of connective tissue dysplasia can occur both in combination and in separate groups. The degree of their manifestation depends solely on the individual characteristics of the organism and the type of gene mutation, which led to the occurrence of disturbances in the synthesis of collagen compounds.

How does connective tissue dysplasia manifest itself in childhood?

Probably one of the most severe symptoms of connective tissue dysplasia in children are pathological changes in the musculoskeletal system. As you know, the spine and large joints are among the most important organs of the human body, which are responsible for such functions as mobility and sensitivity, so their damage has very unpleasant consequences.

Connective tissue dysplasia in children can manifest itself both in the form of excessive flexibility and mobility (hypermobility), and in the form of insufficient joint mobility (contracture), underdevelopment (dwarfism) and fragility of bones, weak ligaments, various forms of scoliosis, flat feet, chest deformities and etc.

Dysplasias are also observed in other organs, for example in the heart, organs of vision, and blood vessels. Manifestations of dysplasia in the spine are characterized by displacement of the vertebrae relative to each other, with any movements causing compression of the blood vessels, pinching of the roots and the appearance of pain and dizziness.

Connective tissue dysplasia syndrome in children from the musculoskeletal sphere is manifested by deviations from the norm in the development of the spinal column and disturbances in the formation of connective tissue of the joints, which leads to their hypermobility and weakening. Articular dysplasia in children is diagnosed in most cases immediately after birth.

Depending on the location of the pathological process, it is customary to distinguish the following forms of this disease:

shoulder dysplasia;
dysplasia of the elbow joint;
hip dysplasia (the most common type);
dysplasia of the knee joint in children;
ankle dysplasia in children.

The clinical picture of each specific type of joint dysplasia depends on a number of factors:

localization of the pathological process;
presence of hereditary predisposition;
birth injuries and much more.

Congenital dysplasia of the connective tissue of the hip joint can manifest itself as shortening of one of the baby’s legs, asymmetry of the buttock folds, and the inability to spread the legs bent at the knees to the sides.

With patellar dysplasia, pain occurs in the knee area when moving, as well as deformation of the kneecap. Children with dysplastic disorders in the shoulder area experience subluxations in the joint of the same name, pain when moving the arm, and changes in the shape of the scapula.

The pathological process in the bones of the spinal column in children has the same symptoms as connective tissue dysplasia in adults. Disorders in the cervical spine are accompanied by headaches and problems with sensitivity, as well as motor function of the upper extremities. Dysplasia of the cervical spine in children in most cases causes the formation of a hump.

Dysplasia of the lumbosacral spine in children occurs for the same reasons as any other type of this disease. The pathological process is accompanied by the development of deformities of the spinal trunk, gait disturbances, and sometimes even complete immobilization of the lower extremities. Often, with dysplasia of the lumbosacral region, problems with the genitourinary system, diseases of the kidneys and pelvic organs are observed.

Features of DST include the absence or weak expression of phenotypic signs of dysplasia at birth, even in cases of differentiated forms. In children with a genetically determined condition, markers of dysplasia appear gradually throughout life.

Over the years, especially under unfavorable conditions (ecological conditions, nutrition, frequent intercurrent diseases, stress), the number of dysplastic signs and the degree of their severity increase progressively, because initial changes in homeostasis are aggravated by these environmental factors.

Unfortunately, no one is immune from connective tissue dysplasia. It can even occur in a child whose parents are completely healthy. That is why it is important to know the elementary manifestations of the disease, which would make it possible to promptly suspect the development of pathology and prevent its serious consequences.

The idea that the child has connective tissue dysplasia should be prompted by the fact that during the first few months of life he was diagnosed with diseases of several systems at once. If the baby’s outpatient card is replete with various diagnoses that at first glance are in no way related to each other, this is already a reason to turn to a geneticist.

Periodic regular examinations by highly qualified specialists will also help to suggest the presence of pathological changes in a child, which will help identify disorders of the musculoskeletal system, circulatory system, eyes, muscles and much more.

Severe toxicosis in the mother, chronic intoxication of the pregnant woman, previous viral diseases, and complicated childbirth can lead to the development of DST in a child.

Diagnosis of pathology

An accurate diagnosis requires a thorough examination and collection of analysis, especially information about hereditary diseases.

The manifestations of dysplasia syndrome are so diverse that it can be very difficult to make a timely and correct diagnosis. To do this, it is necessary to conduct a number of laboratory diagnostic tests, ultrasound echography (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), a study of the electrical activity of muscles (electromyography), X-ray examination of bones, etc.

Diagnosis of connective tissue dysplasia is a long, painstaking and always complex process. If a disease is suspected, doctors first prescribe a genetic examination for mutations, as well as a clinical and genealogical study of the patient’s body.

Diagnostics involves an integrated approach using clinical and genealogical methods, preparing a medical history of the patient, conducting a clinical examination of the patient himself and his family members, and in addition, the use of molecular genetic and biochemical diagnostic methods.

Diagnosis of DST includes:

taking anamnesis;
general examination of the patient;
measuring the length of the body and its individual segments;
assessment of joint mobility;
diagnosis of connective tissue dysplasia by blood;
determination of glycosaminoglycans and hydroxyproline in daily urine;
fluoroscopy of the spine and joints;
Ultrasound of internal organs.

Using the biochemical method, it is possible to determine the concentration of hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycans contained in the urine, which are a fairly objective criterion for connective tissue dysplasia, but this method is rarely used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Modern medicine uses many different methods of treating dysplasia syndrome, depending on its manifestations, but all of them, as a rule, come down to symptomatic drug or surgical treatment. Undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia is the most difficult to treat, due to ambiguous clinical symptoms and the lack of clear diagnostic criteria.

Drug treatment includes the use of magnesium drugs, cardiotrophic, antiarrhythmic, vegetotropic, nootropic, vasoactive drugs, beta-blockers.

Drug treatment is of a replacement nature. The purpose of using drugs in this situation is to stimulate the synthesis of your own collagen. For this, glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are used. To improve the absorption of phosphorus and calcium needed by bones and joints, active forms of vitamin D are prescribed.

Treatment requires an integrated approach, including:

Medicinal methods based on the use of drugs that stimulate collagen formation. These drugs include: ascorbic acid, chondroitin sulfate (a drug of mucopolysaccharide nature), vitamins and microelements.
Non-drug methods, which include the help of a psychologist, individualization of the daily routine, physical therapy, massage, physiotherapeutic procedures, acupuncture, balneotherapy, and diet therapy.

The main focus in the treatment of dysplasia syndrome with kinesitherapy is on strengthening, maintaining muscle tone and balance of the musculoskeletal system, preventing the development of irreversible changes, restoring the normal function of internal organs and the musculoskeletal system, and improving the quality of life.

Treatment of connective tissue dysplasia in children is usually carried out using a conservative method. With the help of B vitamins and ascorbic acid, collagen synthesis can be stimulated, which will slow down the development of the disease. Doctors also recommend that young patients take magnesium and copper supplements, medications that stimulate mineral metabolism and normalize blood levels of essential amino acids.

Daily routine: night sleep should be at least 8-9 hours; some children are also advised to take daytime sleep. It is necessary to do morning exercises every day.

If there are no restrictions on playing sports, then you need to do them all your life, but in no case professional sports! Children with hypermobility of joints involved in professional sports develop degenerative-dystrophic changes in cartilage and ligaments very early. This is due to constant trauma, micro-effusions, which lead to chronic aseptic inflammation and degenerative processes.

Therapeutic swimming, skiing, cycling, walking up hills and stairs, badminton, and wushu gymnastics have a good effect. Dosed walking is effective. Regular exercise increases the body's adaptive capabilities.

Therapeutic massage is an important component of the rehabilitation of children with CTD. Massage of the back and neck-collar area, as well as limbs (course sessions) is carried out.

If you have flat-valgus feet, wearing arch supports is recommended. If a child complains of joint pain, pay attention to the selection of sensible shoes. For young children, the right shoes should tightly secure the foot and ankle joint with Velcro, should have a minimum number of internal seams, and be made from natural materials. The backdrop should be high, hard, the heel should be 1-1.5 cm.

It is advisable to do foot exercises daily, take foot baths with sea salt for minutes, and massage your feet and legs.

Surgical treatment is indicated for patients with pronounced symptoms of dysplasia, which by their presence pose a threat to the patient’s life: prolapse of the heart valves, severe forms of chest deformation, vertebral hernia.

Therapy of DST with magnesium-containing drugs

Currently, the effect of magnesium deficiency on the structure of connective and bone tissue, in particular on collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, collagen fibers, as well as on the mineralization of the bone matrix, has been proven. The effect of magnesium deficiency on connective tissue leads to a slowdown in the synthesis of all structural components and increased degradation, which significantly worsens the mechanical characteristics of the tissue.

Magnesium deficiency over several weeks can lead to pathology of the cardiovascular system, expressed as:

vasospasm, arterial hypertension, myocardial dystrophy, tachycardia, arrhythmia, increased QT interval;
a tendency to thrombosis, to psychoneurological disorders, manifested in the form of decreased attention, depression, fears, anxiety, autonomic dysfunction, dizziness, migraines, sleep disorders, paresthesia, muscle cramps.

Visceral manifestations of deficiency include bronchospasm, laryngospasm, hyperkinetic diarrhea, spastic constipation, pylorospasm, nausea, vomiting, biliary dyskinesia, diffuse abdominal pain.

Chronic magnesium deficiency for several months or more, along with the above symptoms, is accompanied by a pronounced decrease in muscle tone, severe asthenia, connective tissue dysplasia and osteopenia. Due to its many clinical effects, magnesium is widely used as a medicine for various diseases.

The role of calcium and magnesium is well known as the main elements involved in the formation of one of the types of connective tissue - bone tissue. It has been proven that magnesium significantly improves the quality of bone tissue, because its content in the skeleton is 59% of the total content in the body.

It is known that magnesium directly affects the mineralization of the organic bone matrix, collagen formation, the functional state of bone cells, vitamin D metabolism, as well as the growth of hydroxyapatite crystals. In general, the strength and quality of connective tissue structures largely depend on the balance between calcium and magnesium.

With magnesium deficiency and normal or increased calcium levels, the activity of proteolytic enzymes - metalloproteinases - enzymes that cause remodeling (degradation) of collagen fibers increases, regardless of the reasons that caused abnormalities in the structure of connective tissue, which leads to excessive degradation of connective tissue, resulting in severe clinical manifestations of UCTD.

Magnesium has a regulating effect on the body's use of calcium. Insufficient intake of magnesium in the body leads to calcium deposition not only in bones, but also in soft tissues and various organs. Excessive consumption of foods rich in magnesium interferes with the absorption of calcium and causes increased excretion. The ratio of magnesium and calcium is the main proportion of the body, and this must be taken into account in recommendations to the patient on a balanced diet.

The amount of magnesium in the diet should be 1/3 of the calcium content (on average, 350–400 mg of magnesium per 1000 mg of calcium).

The conducted studies of calcium homeostasis are an argument confirming the influence of calcium deficiency on the formation of microelementosis, and dictate the need for subsidies of calcium in balance with magnesium for patients with UCTD. Restoration of disturbed elemental homeostasis is achieved by rational nutrition, dosed physical activity that improves the absorption of macro- and microelements, as well as the use of magnesium, calcium, microelements and vitamins.

Currently, therapy for UCTD with magnesium-containing drugs is pathogenetically substantiated. Replenishing magnesium deficiency in the body leads to a decrease in the activity of the above enzymes, metalloproteinases, and, accordingly, to a decrease in degradation and acceleration of the synthesis of new collagen molecules. The results of magnesium therapy in children with UCTD (mainly with mitral valve prolapse, with arrhythmic syndrome against the background of autonomic dysfunction) showed their high effectiveness.

In pediatric practice, various magnesium-containing drugs are widely used, differing in their chemical structure, level of magnesium content and methods of administration. The possibilities of prescribing inorganic magnesium salts for long-term oral therapy are limited due to extremely low absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and the ability to cause diarrhea.

In this regard, preference is given to organic magnesium salts (a compound of magnesium with orotic acid), which is well adsorbed in the intestines. If it is necessary to prescribe cardiotrophic, antihypertensive and vegetotropic drugs, magnesium preparations should be recommended as a component of combination therapy.

Thus, the reduction of one of the clinical manifestations of UCTD - autonomic dysfunction, against the background of magnesium therapy is one of the facts confirming the significance of dyselementosis in the development of UCTD. The results of the study of elemental homeostasis indicate the need for its correction using magnesium, calcium, and microelements as pathogenetic therapy that can prevent the progression of UCTD in children and adolescents.

Treatment with diet therapy

The basic principle of treating connective tissue dysplasia is diet therapy. Nutrition should be complete in proteins, fats, carbohydrates. Food rich in protein (meat, fish, beans, nuts) is recommended. Cottage cheese and cheese are also needed in the diet. Also, products should contain a large amount of microelements and vitamins.

Patients with DST are recommended a special diet enriched with fish, meat, legumes and seafood. In addition to the basic diet, dietary supplements containing polyunsaturated fatty acids will also not be superfluous.

Patients are recommended to eat a diet rich in proteins, essential amino acids, vitamins and microelements. Children who do not have gastrointestinal pathologies should try to enrich their diet with natural chondroitin sulfate. These are strong meat and fish broths, jellied meat, aspic, and jelly.

You need food containing large amounts of natural antioxidants, such as vitamin C and E. This should include citrus fruits, bell peppers, black currants, spinach, sea buckthorn, chokeberry. Additionally, foods rich in macro- and microelements are prescribed. In extreme cases, they can be replaced with microelements.

Foods rich in proteins (fish and seafood, meat, nuts, beans), glycosaminoglycans (strong fish or meat broths), vitamins (A, C, E, B1, B2, B3, B6, PP), microelements (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, selenium, zinc, copper).
For children of excessive height - high-fat enzymes of the Omega-3 class, 2. For children of excessive height - high-fat enzymes of the Omega-3 class, which inhibit the secretion of somatotropin.

Indications and contraindications

A rational daily routine, proper nutrition, reasonable physical activity and constant monitoring can quickly get rid of the problems associated with DST. Dysplasia is hereditary, and a healthy lifestyle is beneficial for all family members.

Treatment of patients with DST is a difficult but rewarding task, which is achieved by correctly observing all indications and contraindications.

Daily moderate physical training (20-30 minutes) in the form of exercises while lying on your back, aimed at strengthening the muscle tissue of the back, limbs and abdomen.
Aerobic training of the cardiovascular system (hiking, jogging, cycling, dosed exercises on exercise machines, playing tennis (table tennis) and so on).
Therapeutic swimming, relieving stress on the spine.
Therapeutic gymnastics classes.
If the aortic root is enlarged and the heart valves are prolapsed, an annual ECG and echocardiogram should be performed.
Restrictions on carrying heavy objects (no more than three kilograms).
Medical genetic consultation before marriage.

Any types of contact sports, isometric training, weightlifting, heavy agricultural work, mental overload.
For joint hypermobility - hanging, stretching, excessive extension of the spine.
Professions associated with vibration, heavy stress (physical and emotional), radiation and exposure to high temperatures.
Living in areas with a hot climate and high radiation.