Who should undergo medical examination? “We urge everyone to get examined”
Feeling good does not always mean that a person is completely healthy. Preventive examinations help to identify diseases that lead to disability or death in advance. The treatment will be as effective as possible, since the process is always easier to stop before it goes too far. Not everyone can afford to pay for specialist consultations, but you can take advantage of the State Medical Examination Program.
Is it possible to get a medical examination for free?
Free preventive medical examinations have been introduced in the Russian Federation since 2013. Based on the results of the examination, doctors determined that the majority of visitors to the medical centers did not know about their diseases. To take advantage of the opportunity to check your health, you need to know the rules under which the population is served.
State Medical Examination Program
The Order of the Ministry of Health “On approval of medical examination” indicates which categories of the adult population have the right to be regularly examined free of charge. The state program is designed to identify groups of diseases that account for up to ¾ of all deaths in the Russian Federation. Cardiovascular, pulmonary, oncological diseases and diabetes mellitus most often lead to death.
According to the order of the Ministry of Health, medical examination of the population is carried out throughout the Russian Federation. For adults over 21 years of age, free examination is possible once every three years. There is a shortened inspection program; you can use this service once every two years. For certain categories of the population, medical examinations are carried out more often - annually.
Clinical examination 2018
People who can receive a full medical examination free of charge under the federal program must have been born between 1928 and 1997. At the same time, the age of a person who can undergo medical examination at the clinic is strictly regulated. If the examination time is missed, you should wait for the next date for which the examination of people of a particular age is scheduled.
Which years of birth are subject to clinical examination in 2018?
Since not all citizens of the Russian Federation will be able to undergo a free medical examination in 2018, it is worth finding out which years of birth are included in the current list. People born in 1928, 1931, 1934 and so on until 1997 can count on a free medical examination. It does not matter the social status of the patient - employee, student, housewife.
What is included in the examination
The patient examination program is prepared individually - age, presence of chronic diseases and gender are important. Everyone who comes receives a “route sheet”, which indicates the plan for the specialists’ rounds. The stages of medical examination are as follows:
- Therapist. The specialist conducts initial screening - interviews the patient, measures height, weight, blood pressure. The therapist performs a number of rapid tests for cholesterol and blood sugar free of charge. Next, the doctor gives a referral for general and biochemical blood tests, and a general urine test.
- Since 2018, a new examination has been introduced - a blood test for HIV infection.
- Women are referred to a gynecologist. The examination includes an oncological examination - the doctor takes a smear from the cervix for cytology to detect cancer at an early stage.
- Men go to the urologist. The doctor will detect prostatitis, prostate cancer and other diseases of this type.
- All age groups are referred for electrocardiography and fluorographic scanning of the chest organs for early detection of heart disease and bronchopulmonary diseases. Based on the results of the studies, the patient is referred for consultation to a cardiologist or pulmonologist.
- A vision test and consultation with an endocrinologist or dentist are prescribed.
People who are 39 years old at the time of medical examination are prescribed additional studies. Their list also depends on gender:
- An ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and pelvis is performed every 6 years.
- Ultrasound of the mammary glands for women is planned once every three years until the age of 50, then every other year.
- Glaucoma is diagnosed by measuring eye pressure.
- From the age of 45, the risk of developing colon cancer increases, so a fecal occult blood test is performed.
- From the age of 51, the patient is sent for examination to a neurologist, and men donate blood to identify an antigen indicating prostate cancer.
The goal of the program is to identify signs of chronic non-infectious diseases and diagnose the development of oncology. Based on the results of the first stage of the examination, the therapist gives a referral for tests or consultations with specialized specialists. A medical passport of the patient is created, in which all information about the state of his health is entered. After all consultations and tests, the therapist assigns the patient one of three health groups, on the basis of which procedures, exercise therapy or treatment are prescribed.
Where to go
Institutions where you can undergo a full examination of the body are strictly regulated. You should contact the clinic to which the patient is assigned, according to his place of registration. You can get information about who the local therapist is and the doctor’s appointment time at the reception desk. In addition, information about the rules of medical examination is posted on information boards in the clinic.
How to get there
To get a free examination of the whole body, you should start by visiting your local physician. The doctor prepares a route map and tells you where and when you can take tests and get advice from specialists. All examinations are carried out during working hours, so employed citizens should contact the management of their enterprise (place of work) in order to receive time off or a day off while visiting the clinic. According to the Labor Code, this day should be counted as a working day.
Is it possible to undergo medical examination in another city?
A complete examination of the body in a public clinic is carried out only if the patient is assigned to it. In order to undergo medical examination in another medical institution (in your own or another city), you must fill out the “application for attachment” form and submit documents to the registry along with your passport and medical insurance. After the administration prepares the necessary documentation for the patient, you can undergo medical examination at the new address.
Medical examination of children
There is a procedure for undergoing medical examination for minors, approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. These are the three categories of medical examination:
- Prophylactic. This is a comprehensive examination of children 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17 years old. The examination includes consultations with a pediatrician, ophthalmologist, ENT specialist, endocrinologist, surgeon, orthopedist, dentist, and neurologist. Blood tests (general and biochemistry), urine tests, stool tests for worm eggs, coprogram are performed, scrapings are taken for enterobiasis. Sometimes the pediatrician prescribes additional examinations
- Preliminary. This examination is carried out before the child enters an institution - kindergarten, school, technical school, university.
- Periodic. Inspections are carried out annually and are organized in kindergartens and schools. The scope of research is different for each age.
All types of examinations are carried out in the children's clinic, but sometimes specialists come to the school and conduct a medical examination on the spot. Before the medical examination, the child's parents must sign a consent form. If you decide to refuse to examine the child, you must notify the medical institution. Children over 15 years of age can personally consent to a medical examination by filling out a form.
Medical examination of pensioners
The program of medical examination of the population does not have a separate article regulating the examination of pensioners. This category can undergo free medical examination at the clinic on a general basis. Groups of citizens who can undergo a medical examination annually, regardless of age, have been identified:
- disabled participants in combat operations, WWII;
- WWII veterans who became disabled due to combat, general illness or injury;
- persons who were prisoners of concentration camps during the Second World War.
Health Screening Center
In 2009, the state program “Healthy Russia” began its work. As part of this project, Health Centers have been launched throughout the country. Each region has its own departments of such a center, which are located in city clinics or hospitals. The goal of the program is to draw public attention to disease prevention. Health Centers provide the following services.
Schedule a medical examination
Schedule a medical examination (preventive medical examination)
1. You can undergo medical examination:
2. You can undergo a preventive medical examination at the ages of 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 37 and 38 years oldInstruction added to favorites
Where can I get a medical examination (preventive medical examination)
1. At the clinic to which you are assigned (weekdays from 8:00 to 20:00, on weekends according to the clinic’s schedule;
2. In the Healthy Moscow pavilions in the parks of the capital (daily from 8:00 to 22:00).
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What examinations can be done at the Healthy Moscow pavilion?
Questionnaire (survey) in electronic form;
Anthropometry (measurement of height, body weight, waist circumference);
Calculation of body mass index;
Measurement of blood pressure in peripheral arteries;
resting electrocardiography;
Measurement of intraocular pressure;
Determination of the level of total cholesterol in the blood by the express method;
Determining the level of glucose in the blood on an empty stomach by the express method;
Advanced blood test;
Determination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood of men aged 45,50, 55, 60, 64 years;
Examination of feces for occult blood by immunochemical method
Fluorography*
Determination of relative / absolute cardiovascular risk
Examination and brief individual preventive consultation with a general practitioner;
Mobile fluorographs work on weekends according to a special schedule.
In the clinic at the place of attachment, the following examinations are carried out in accordance with gender and age:
- - esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Mammography;
Midwife examination;
Cytological examination of the cervical smear;
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Get a preventive medical examination
Preventive medical examination – This is a complex of medical examinations carried out for the purpose of early (timely) identification of conditions, diseases and risk factors for their development, as well as for the purpose of determining health groups and developing recommendations for patients.
Preventive medical examination includes:
survey of citizens aged 18 years and older;
calculation based on anthropometry (measurement of height, body weight, waist circumference) body mass index, for citizens aged 18 years and older;
measurement of blood pressure in peripheral arteries for citizens aged 18 years and older;
study of total cholesterol levels in the blood for citizens aged 18 years and older;
determination of fasting blood glucose levels for citizens aged 18 years and older;
determination of relative cardiovascular risk in citizens aged 18 to 39 years inclusive;
determination of absolute cardiovascular risk in citizens aged 40 to 64 years inclusive;
fluorography of the lungs or x-ray of the lungs for citizens aged 18 years and older once every 2 years;
electrocardiography at rest during the first preventive medical examination, then at the age of 35 years and older;
measurement of intraocular pressure during the first preventive medical examination, then at the age of 40 years and older;
examination by a paramedic (midwife) or obstetrician-gynecologist of women aged 18 to 39 years;
appointment (examination) based on the results of a preventive medical examination, including an examination to identify visual and other localizations of oncological diseases, including examination of the skin, mucous lips and oral cavity, palpation of the thyroid gland, lymph nodes, by a paramedic at a medical center or a medical and obstetric station, a general practitioner or a medical prevention doctor at a medical prevention department (office) or a health center.
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Pass the first stage of medical examination
First stage Clinical examination is carried out in order to identify signs of chronic non-infectious diseases in citizens, risk factors for their development, as well as to determine indications for additional examinations and examinations by medical specialists to clarify the diagnosis of the disease (condition) at the second stage.
The first stage of medical examination includes:
1. Preventive medical examination:
2. Screening for early detection of cancer:
Examination of feces for occult blood (once every 2 years from 40 to 64 years of age, once a year from 65 to 75 years of age;
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy at 45 years old;
For women:
Examination by a paramedic (midwife) (from 18 to 39 years old);
Taking a smear from the cervix, cytological examination of a smear from the cervix once every 3 years at the age of 18 to 64 years;
Mammography (once every 2 years between the ages of 40 and 75)
For men:
- Determination of prostate-specific antigen in the blood of men aged 45, 50, 55, 60 and 64 years;
3. Brief preventive consultation;
4. General blood test (from 40 years and older);
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If necessary, you will be referred to the second stage of medical examination for the purpose of additional examination
The second stage of medical examination is carried out for the purpose of additional examination and clarification of the diagnosis of the disease (condition) if there are indications based on the results of the first stage and includes:
examination (consultation) by a neurologist;
duplex scanning of the brachycephalic arteries (for men aged 45 to 72 years inclusive and women aged 54 to 72 years);
examination (consultation) by a surgeon or urologist (for men aged 45, 50, 55, 60 and 64 years with an increase in the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood more than 4 ng/ml);
examination (consultation) by a surgeon or coloproctologist, including sigmoidoscopy (for citizens aged 40 to 75 years inclusive);
colonoscopy (for citizens in case of suspected malignant neoplasms of the large intestine as prescribed by a surgeon or coloproctologist);
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (for citizens in case of suspected malignant neoplasms of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum as prescribed by a general practitioner);
X-ray of the lungs, computed tomography of the lungs (for citizens in case of suspected malignant neoplasms of the lung as prescribed by a general practitioner);
spirometry;
examination (consultation) by an otolaryngologist (for citizens aged 65 years and older);
examination (consultation) by an obstetrician-gynecologist (for women aged 18 years and older with identified pathological changes;
examination (consultation) by an ophthalmologist (for citizens aged 40 years and older);
conducting individual or group (school for patients) in-depth preventive counseling in the department (office) of medical prevention (health center) for citizens aged 65 years and older;
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Based on the results of medical examination (preventive medical examination), find out your health group and receive doctor’s recommendations
Health group I – practically healthy and having risk factors with low or moderate total cardiovascular risk. A brief preventative consultation is provided.
Health group II – patients with risk factors for high or very high total cardiovascular risk. In-depth preventive counseling is provided: individual or group (“Patient School”). Dispensary observation in the Health Center or medical prevention department/office is indicated.
Health group III – patients with diseases both detected for the first time during clinical examination and previously established. Dispensary observation by medical specialists is indicated.
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Get a free medical examination or preventive medical examination next year according to your gender and age
This frequency of examinations is sufficient to identify most serious diseases at an early stage of development.
Medical examination (preventive medical examination) is available to every citizen of the Russian Federation insured in the compulsory health insurance system (having a compulsory medical insurance policy). This applies to all examinations, as well as consultations with specialists.
You can undergo medical examination:
1 time every three years from the age of 18 to 39 years inclusive (at the age of 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39);
annually at age 40 and older
2. You can undergo a preventive medical examination at the ages of 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 37 and 38 years old
Clinical examination (preventive medical examination) is carried out in the department or office of medical prevention in the clinic at the place of attachment. If you are not yet assigned, then this can be done at a time convenient for you during the organization’s opening hours if you have a passport and compulsory medical insurance policy. To do this, you need to present your passport and compulsory medical insurance policy at the reception and fill out an application. It will take 7–10 days to complete the documents.
You can also undergo a medical examination (preventive medical examination) in the Healthy Moscow pavilions in the parks of the capital."
Currently, in Moscow clinics, the first stage of medical examination or preventive examination takes an average of 90 minutes. The duration of the examination depends on the number of tests that need to be completed (according to gender and age).
In the Healthy Moscow pavilions, you can undergo examinations as part of a medical examination (preventive medical examination) for no more than 40–60 minutes.
Based on the results of the medical examination (preventive medical examination), the therapist of the department (office) of medical prevention or the Healthy Moscow pavilion will determine your health group and issue individual recommendations.
Health group I – practically healthy and having risk factors with low or moderate total cardiovascular risk. Brief preventive counseling is provided on improving lifestyle and disease prevention.
Health group II – having risk factors with high or very high total cardiovascular risk. The doctor gives detailed recommendations on how to reduce cardiovascular risk, and can also refer you to the “Patient School”. These are group consultations and training in disease control methods for patients with a common problem. For example, such schools operate in a number of clinics for people suffering from diabetes.
Health group III – patients with diseases both detected for the first time during clinical examination and previously established. Dispensary observation by medical specialists is indicated.
The essence of medical examination (preventive medical examination) is not just to identify diseases or a high risk of their development, but to refer the patient for observation:
Health group II - to the department of medical prevention or the Health Center;
III health group - for dispensary observation by relevant medical specialists.
Purpose of medical examination: early detection of chronic non-communicable diseases, which are the main cause of disability and premature mortality of the population of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as chronic non-communicable diseases), which include:
diseases of the circulatory system and, first of all, coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases
malignant neoplasms
diabetes
chronic lung diseases and others
These diseases are about 70% in the structure of the causes of all mortality in our country. In addition, clinical examination is aimed at identifying and correcting the main risk factors for the development of these diseases:
Elevated blood pressure levels
Increased blood cholesterol levels
Elevated blood glucose levels
Smoking tobacco
Harmful consumption of alcohol
Poor nutrition
Low physical activity
Overweight or obesity
Consumption of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances without a doctor’s prescription
An important feature of clinical examination is not only the early identification of chronic non-communicable diseases and risk factors for their development, but also the provision of brief preventive counseling to citizens with these risk factors, as well as for citizens with identified risk factors for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases, individual in-depth preventive counseling or group preventive counseling (patient school) in the department (office) of medical prevention or health center.
Such active preventive interventions will quickly and significantly reduce the likelihood of developing dangerous chronic non-infectious diseases in each individual person, and in people already suffering from such diseases, significantly reduce the severity of treatment of the disease and the incidence of complications.
Where and when can I get a medical examination?
Citizens undergo medical examination in a medical organization where they receive primary health care: in a clinic, in a center (department) of general medical practice (family medicine), in a medical outpatient clinic, or a medical unit.
Your local doctor (paramedic) or local nurse or an employee of the prevention department (office) of a medical organization will tell you in detail where, when and how you can undergo medical examination, and will agree with you on the approximate date and period of medical examination.
Most activities within the framework of medical examination are carried out once every 3 years; after 40 years, medical examination is carried out annually.
How long does it take to complete a medical examination?
To undergo the examination of the first stage of medical examination (screening), as a rule, two visits are required. The first visit takes approximately 3 to 6 hours, and the scope of the examination varies significantly depending on your age.
The second visit is to the local doctor for a final examination and summing up the results of the medical examination. Typically, the interval between visits is from 1 to 6 days and depends on the length of time required to obtain research results.
If, based on the results of the first stage of medical examination, you need additional examination, individual in-depth preventive counseling or group preventive counseling (patient school), the local doctor (therapist) informs you about this and refers you to the second stage of medical examination, the duration of which depends on the amount of additional examination you need .
How to get a medical examination?
The list of examinations by medical specialists (paramedic or midwife), studies and other medical measures carried out as part of medical examination depending on the age and gender of the citizen (scope of medical examination) is determined by the Procedure for carrying out medical examination of certain groups of the adult population, approved by order of the Ministry of Health of Russia No. 124n dated March 13. 2019. Please note that when undergoing medical examination, the year of birth of citizens is taken into account, and not the date and month!
For example: a citizen whose date of birth was 07/04/1989 applied to the clinic to undergo a medical examination. He can undergo a medical examination in the period from 01/01/2019 to 12/31/2019. This means that it is possible to undergo medical examination on any convenient dates according to the operating hours of the medical organization throughout the entire calendar year, including until he reaches the age specified by the order.
According to the Order of the Ministry of Health of Russia dated March 13, 2019 N 124n “On approval of the procedure for conducting preventive medical examinations and medical examinations of certain groups of the adult population,” the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of health care ensure the organization of preventive medical examinations and medical examinations for citizens, including in the evening hours and Saturdays, and also provide citizens with the opportunity to remotely make appointments (examinations, consultations) with medical workers, studies and other medical interventions carried out as part of preventive medical examinations and medical examinations.
Yes, it's worth it. The main thing is to properly resolve unpleasant situations.
How to get through the queues
Clinics allocate time for patients who come for medical examination. If there is no such schedule, patients can skip the line.
In fact, it turns out that the coupon is not needed only for the local police officer, but in order to take tests or get to a specialist, you need to go through a live queue - not always friendly. Hence the rumors and gossip.
If you filter out the angry comments, a not so bleak picture emerges.
“I waited the longest for the blood test. I came on Monday morning, when there is the most influx of visitors, and doctors advise starting medical examinations on Thursday-Friday. There were no queues at all at the ECG and mammologist offices around lunchtime,” Lydia shares her experience.
“We have special days for this in the clinic, Tuesday and Thursday, and no matter how indignant they are, the doctor comes out and calls whoever is supposed to, the rest have the remaining days,” says Maria.
“The older the person, the wider the list of examinations. The first stage of clinical examination involves screening and mainly includes an examination by a local physician, a number of laboratory tests, and diagnostic procedures. If at the first stage the patient’s therapist or even a paramedic did not find signs of disorders that require referral to the second stage, then the medical examination ends,” explains Tatyana Tvorogova, senior researcher at the State Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Candidate of Medical Sciences. “On average, completing the first stage takes 1 day.”
The website of the Moscow Department of Health has useful recommendations on how to reduce time in the clinic. “In order to minimize time costs, minimize the time of registration and filling out documentation at the clinic, we suggest you print out the forms required during medical examination, answer all questions in advance and come to the clinic with the documents already completed:
1. Informed voluntary consent to medical intervention
2. Questionnaire for identifying chronic non-communicable diseases.”
How to talk to a doctor so that he listens to you
Needless to say, doctors’ formal attitude towards medical examination is not uncommon. But what prevents you from tactfully and politely insisting on a full screening, once you have already ended up at the clinic and passed the test in a queue?
Don't forget about communication ethics. The usual: “Hello, [insert the desired first name and patronymic],” already sets you apart from the crowd of angry patients who start a conversation with the phrases “How long can you wait!”
If nothing hurts, medical examination is not needed?
The disease is easier to prevent, and also the fact that a number of diseases are asymptomatic. However, relatives of a patient with a serious illness have to face the consequences of blind confidence in their own health.
