Cephalexin injection intramuscularly instructions for use. Cefalexin - instructions, indications, composition, method of application

Release form: Solid dosage forms. Capsules.

General characteristics. Compound:

Active ingredient: 540.54 mg of cephalexin monohydrate (in terms of cephalexin 500 mg).

Excipients: lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, talc (for a dosage of 250 mg), colloidal silicon dioxide (for a dosage of 250 mg).

Semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic for oral use with a pronounced bactericidal effect.

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacodynamics.Cephalexin is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic of the first generation, intended for oral use. Inhibits transpeptidase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall mucopeptide, and has a bactericidal effect. Stable in acidic environments. Cephalexin is active against the following microorganisms: streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae) and methicillin-sensitive staphylococci.

Cephalexin has a low level of activity against gram-negative bacteria. Among the representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae family, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis are sensitive, however, among their strains that cause community-acquired and especially nosocomial infections, acquired resistance is widespread.

Note: Most strains of enterococci (Enterococcus faecalis, mainly Streptococcus faecalis) and some strains of staphylococci are resistant to cephalexin. The drug is not active against most strains of Enterobacter, Morganellamorganii (mainly Proteusmorganii) and Proteusvulgaris. The drug is also not active against Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (mainly Mima and Herella). In in vitro studies, staphylococci showed cross-resistance between Cephalexin and antibiotics such as methicillin.

Pharmacokinetics.After oral administration on an empty stomach, it is quickly (within 1-2 hours) and almost completely (up to 95%) absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Eating slows down resorption without affecting its completeness. Therapeutic concentration in the blood lasts 4-6 hours. Plasma proteins bind about 15%. Penetrates well into tissues (lungs, kidneys, liver, heart), passes through the placenta, and is found in small quantities in breast milk. T1/2 is from 30 minutes to 2 hours. It is excreted mainly by the kidneys through glomerular filtration and tubular secretion unchanged (70-89%), in a small amount with bile.

Indications for use:

Mild infectious and inflammatory processes of various localization caused by microorganisms sensitive to the drug: infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract (pharyngitis, etc.); , sore throat, sinusitis; skin and soft tissue infections (furunculosis, abscesses, etc.); acute and chronic pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, gynecological infections; spicy and .

Special instructions: Culture and sensitivity tests should be determined before and during treatment. If necessary, renal function should be monitored.

Important! Get acquainted with the treatment, ,

Dosage and administration:

Capsules are taken orally as a whole, washed down with a small amount of water. Cephalexin is acid-stable and can be used regardless of meal time.

Adults. The daily dose varies within 1-4 g per day, divided into 2-4 doses. The usual dose is 0.5-1.0 g every 6 hours. For streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis, a dose of 500 mg is prescribed every 12 hours for 10 days.

For more severe infections, higher doses may be required.

Children. Children under 7 years of age are not prescribed due to difficulty swallowing capsules.

For children, the drug is prescribed at a rate of 45 mg/kg per day.

The frequency of taking the drug is 3-4 times a day. Duration of treatment is 7-14 days. For infectious diseases caused by streptococci, the course of treatment should be at least 10 days.

For streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis, a dose of 12.5-25 mg/kg is taken every 12 hours for 10 days.

Features of application:

The use of cephalexin is possible only as prescribed by a doctor.

Before prescribing cephalexin, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive examination of the patient, taking into account possible hypersensitivity reactions to cephalosporins and penicillins.

Use with caution in case of severe impairment of renal and/or liver function, indications in the anamnesis.

During treatment, you should not drink alcohol or medications containing alcohol.

When prescribing almost all broad-spectrum antibiotics (including macrolides, semisynthetic penicillins and cephalosporins), cases of pseudomembranous colitis are possible, so this diagnosis should be considered in patients who develop diarrhea after antibiotic use. Such colitis can manifest itself either in a mild form or in a life-threatening form. Mild forms of pseudomembranous colitis usually resolve after stopping the drug. Moderate and severe forms require rectosigmoidoscopy, as well as bacteriological analysis, administration of fluids, electrolytes and protein supplements. If the patient's condition does not improve after stopping the drug or in cases of severe colitis, oral vancomycin is prescribed. Other causes of colitis are excluded.

While taking cephalexin, a false positive reaction to sugar in the urine is possible when using Benedict's and Fehling's reagents, as well as a positive direct Coombs reaction.

Side effects:

When taking cephalexin, gastrointestinal tract dysfunction (nausea, abdominal pain, in rare cases) is possible; with long-term use, dysbacteriosis may develop. After stopping the use of the drug, these phenomena disappear.

Allergic reactions in the form of rashes and, rarely, angioedema are also possible. If these phenomena occur, the use of cephalexin is stopped and desensitizing therapy is carried out. In patients with hypersensitivity to penicillins, allergic reactions to cephalexin are observed more often.

With long-term treatment with cephalexin, a transient increase in transaminase activity in the blood may be observed, which in rare cases is reversible.

Other adverse reactions include genital and anal itching, genital candidiasis, vaginitis and vaginal discharge, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, especially those associated with the use of antibiotics (cephalosporin can cause pseudomembranous colitis); severe dysfunction of the liver and kidneys.

Children under 7 years of age are prescribed due to difficulty swallowing capsules.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Possibly if the expected effect of therapy exceeds the potential risk to the fetus. At the time of treatment should stop breastfeeding.

Overdose:

Symptoms: vomiting, discomfort in the epigastric region, diarrhea, etc. If other symptoms are observed, they appear to be secondary to the underlying condition.

Treatment: symptomatic therapy.

Storage conditions:

List B. Store in a place protected from moisture and light at a temperature not exceeding + 25 ° C, out of the reach of children. Shelf life: 3 years.

Vacation conditions:

On prescription

Package:

10 or 20 capsules in polymer jars.10 capsules in a blister pack.One can or 1 or 2 blisters along with an insert in secondary packaging.

Cephalexin is an antibacterial drug of the cephalesporin series.

Achieving a bactericidal effect occurs due to disruption of the synthesis of the cell wall of pathogenic microorganisms.

Effective against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.

Widely used for infectious and inflammatory processes in the genitourinary organs.

basic information

The main active ingredient is cephalexin monohydrate; one capsule of the product contains it in terms of anhydrous 250 or 500 mg.

The drug belongs to antimicrobial drugs used for systemic use. A beta-lactim antibacterial drug belonging to the first generation cephalosporins.

Pharmacological properties

The product is considered a semi-synthetic antibiotic with a broad spectrum of action. Effective against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.

90% of the drug is absorbed in the digestive tract. The highest concentration of the active substance in the bloodstream is observed 1.5-2 hours after taking the drug. The antibacterial effect lasts for 4-6 hours.

A positive feature of the product is that it easily penetrates the tissues and fluids of the body. It has a low level of permeability through the blood-brain barrier.

The largest amount of the drug is excreted from the body with urine, a small part with bile.

Dosage form

Cephalexin is produced in the form of capsules, each of them contains powder in the form of yellow-white granules.

Indications for use

The prescription of Cephalexin is considered justified when diagnosing such pathological conditions and processes as:

regardless of the form of flow;
epididymitis;
endometritis;
prostatitis;
vulvovaginitis;
pharyngitis;
inflammation of the middle ear;
sinusitis;
angina;
bronchitis;
pneumonia;
furunculosis;
abscess;
phlegmon;
lymphadenitis;
osteomyelitis.

Do not self-medicate under any circumstances; only a doctor should prescribe medications after establishing an accurate diagnosis.

Contraindications for use

It is forbidden to use Cefalexin:

If there is a history of intolerance to cephalosporins and penicillin antibacterial drugs. This is explained by the fact that there is a risk of developing a cross-allergic reaction.
Children up to 12 years old.

Methods of taking the medication

According to the instructions for use, it is recommended to take the medication orally 30-40 minutes before meals. In this case, without chewing the capsules, wash them down with plenty of liquid.

The daily dose for adults and children over 12 years of age in pathological conditions with an uncomplicated course is 250 mg every 6 or 500 mg every 12 hours.

The average dose is 1000 mg, but if necessary it can be increased to 4000 mg.

The course of treatment should last from 7 to 14 days, but if necessary, therapy can be carried out longer.

Infectious processes caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus should be treated for at least 10 days.

In order for treatment to be effective, it is recommended to continue for another 48-72 hours after the clinical picture of the disease disappears.

If renal function is impaired, the dosage will be as follows:

CC, ml/min	Single dose, mg	Dosing interval, hours
40-80	500	4-6
20-30	500	8-12
10	250	12
5	250	12-24

Persons who are not prescribed 250 mg twice a day and 500 mg after each dialysis procedure, that is, the daily dose of Cephalexin for them should be 1 g.

For children

Cephalexin in capsule form is approved after reaching the age of twelve.

Pregnant and breastfeeding women

According to observational data, the use of Cephalexin is not recommended during pregnancy and lactation.

Animal studies show that the drug in toxic doses for mothers has an embryotoxic effect.

The active substance appears in the milk of animals during lactation and in the breast milk of women, so it is not recommended to prescribe it during breastfeeding. If there is a need for such treatment, it is recommended to stop or interrupt lactation.

Danger of overdose

If the recommended dose is exceeded, the formation of such adverse reactions as:

nausea;
vomit;
pain in the epigastrium;

To eliminate these unpleasant symptoms and alleviate the general condition, it is recommended to take activated charcoal and ensure that the airways are maintained.
In more severe cases, it becomes necessary to monitor vital body functions, blood gases and electrolyte balance.

Interaction with other medications

Taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs leads to a slower elimination of Cephalexin.

An increase in nephrotoxic effects is observed when used with. Combining Cephalexin with aminoglycoside derivatives and polymyxins leads to neurotoxicity.

Taking Cephalexin and Erythromycin leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of both drugs. The combination of Cephalexin with metmorphine leads to an increase in the concentration of the latter in the bloodstream.

Co-administration of an antibiotic with combined oral contraceptives leads to a decrease in the level of effectiveness of the latter.

Side effects

In some cases, taking Cephalexin may cause the following adverse reactions:

Storage conditions

The most common substitute for Cefalexin is amoxicillin. These drugs have an almost identical composition; they differ only in the country of origin.

If Cephalexin is not available in pharmacies, pharmacists suggest replacing it with analogues such as:

Zeff;
Felexin;
Ospexin;
Sporidex;
Cefaclen;
Keflex;
Ecocephron;
Palettex;
Solexin;
Lexin;
Piassant.

Price policy

The price of Cephalexin may vary slightly, depending mainly on the country of manufacture and the pharmacy where the product is purchased. For example, in Russia an antibiotic costs an average of 70-80 rubles; in Ukraine it can be purchased for 30-40 hryvnia.

Cephalexin is a highly effective antibiotic that helps fight inflammatory processes in the genitourinary and respiratory systems.

Cephalexin is considered the drug of choice when fighting infections of the genitourinary system, respiratory system and skin. It has a wide spectrum of action and is available in a fairly convenient oral dosage form, which makes it easy to use.

Due to the fact that almost the entire amount of the drug taken is excreted from the body, it differs from other cephalesporin drugs in safety. I recommend it to my patients and they are satisfied.

Roman Alexandrovich, Yekaterinburg

I prescribe Cephalexin to patients diagnosed with inflammatory processes of the urinary organs. Proper use of the drug helps to quickly get rid of pathological symptoms. Patients like the drug because it very rarely provokes adverse reactions and has an affordable price.

Ekaterina Petrovna, Nakhodka

Patients' opinions

Cephalexin is an effective drug, however, the development of adverse reactions may occur, as evidenced by patient reviews. To prevent this from happening, you must strictly follow the doctor’s recommendations. This is evidenced by reviews from people who have used the medicine.

I first learned about Cephalexin when I was diagnosed with pyelonephritis. The doctor focused on the effectiveness of the drug and the ease of its use. After I took it for 2 days, my general condition improved significantly, but I continued to take the medications as recommended by the doctor. The therapeutic course lasted 7 days and I forgot about the disease. I am very pleased with the drug, I recommend it to everyone, but remember that its use must be agreed with a specialist.

Natalya, 25 years old, Vladivostok

I have only positive impressions from treatment with Cephalkexin. The drug is effective, quickly helps to overcome the disease and does not lead to adverse reactions (if taken correctly). The good news is that almost the entire amount of the product is excreted from the body, causing virtually no harm to it, and also that the price of the product is quite reasonable.

Alexander 21 years old, Omsk

Summarizing the information presented, we can confidently say that Cephalexin is an effective antibacterial drug.

It is used for infectious diseases of the genitourinary, respiratory systems, skin and subcutaneous tissue. It is low-toxic, but despite this, the drug should only be prescribed by a qualified specialist.

Cephalexin is an antibiotic that is effective in treating many bacterial infections. Gram-positive and some gram-negative microorganisms are sensitive to it.

Belongs to the group of beta-lactams, a representative of the first generation of cephalosporins. The drug acts by destroying the cell wall.

In the 21st century, the problem of resistance of many microbes to antibiotics has become widespread. Humanity is facing a global catastrophe, when banal infections will take on a new look in their course, development and consequences. In this regard, WHO is reviewing approaches to prescribing antimicrobial agents and trying to limit their widespread, sometimes unnecessary, use.

The drug has gained popularity among doctors and patients due to its reasonable price, effectiveness, and availability of tablet form. In order to use Cephalexin correctly, instructions for use of the medicine are not enough; supervision of an experienced doctor is necessary who will be able to evaluate the indications, weigh the risks, and select the dose. Antibiotics are often used for viral infections; they are ineffective and can even cause harm.

The antibiotic Cephalexin has a wide spectrum of activity and can be used in the following situations:

bacterial otitis media;
streptococcal pharyngitis;
infections of bones and joints (osteomyelitis, arthritis, tendovaginitis);
pneumonia;
bacterial lesions of the skin and subcutaneous tissue in the form of phlegmon, abscess, carbuncle;
infections (, gonorrhea, prostatitis, vulvovaginitis, etc.);
for the purpose of preventing bacterial endocarditis in patients at risk, before surgical interventions and dental procedures;
as an alternative to penicillin, if it is ineffective due to acquired resistance of microorganisms;
drug of choice for the treatment of bacterial infections in children and pregnant women.

The instructions for use accompanying the Cephalexin tablet suspension and powder indicate the following contraindications:

severe (increases the risk of impaired drug excretion);
allergic reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics. This is due to cross-drug interactions. For example, if you take Penicillin and are accompanied by urticaria or anaphylaxis, the same manifestations may occur during treatment with Cephalexin;
dosage form in the form of capsules and tablets is contraindicated for children under 3 years of age;
for convulsive disorders and during treatment with antiepileptic drugs.

Compound

Cephalexin is available in the form of capsules, tablets, granules, and powder for suspension. The most widely distributed in the form of capsules that contain the active substance: Cephalexin 250 mg or 500 mg.

Cephalexin capsules

For stabilization, additional and auxiliary components are used: magnesium stearate, talc, silicon dioxide, lactose, gelatin capsule, brilliant blue, titanium dioxide, tartrazine.

If you have an intolerance to any of the components of the drug, tell your doctor.

Directions for use and doses

Cephalexin is taken orally regardless of food. A single dose depends on the severity of the disease, concomitant pathology, age, and glomerular filtration rate.

The average dosage is 250 mg or 500 mg. Daily - 1-2 gr.

Usually the drug is taken in 3 or 4 doses at regular intervals. The duration of therapy is determined by the doctor, on average it ranges from 7 to 14 days.

The capsule must be taken with plenty of water (at least 200 ml), and must not be chewed. The effectiveness of therapy is assessed after 72 hours. This is the minimum period of time required to suppress the growth of microorganisms.

In patients with kidney pathology, the maximum daily dose of the drug should not exceed 1500 mg.

Your systemic inflammatory response and intoxication syndrome should decrease. This does not mean that the drug has overcome the infection; you cannot stop taking it, you must complete the entire course, the duration of which was determined by the doctor.

Suspension Cefalexin: instructions for use for children

How to take Cefalexin for children? The drug is safe for children of any age. The only limitation is the period up to 3 years, since the child will not be able to swallow the capsule or tablet.

Cephalexin, photo of suspension

According to the doctor's recommendations, the medicine can be used in powder form to prepare an emulsion. The dosage for children that characterizes the Cephalexin suspension is calculated based on the child’s weight and ranges from 25 to 50 mg/kg/day.

Side effects

The most common undesirable effects of Cephalexin, like other cephalosporins, are digestive disorders and hypersensitivity.

The drug can cause the following side effects:

gastrointestinal tract: abdominal discomfort, pain in the epigastric region, loss of appetite, dry mouth, pseudomembranous colitis, oral candidiasis, diarrhea;
hematopoietic system: suppression of bone marrow functions, which is manifested by anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia;
nervous system: headache, sleep disorder, dizziness, convulsions;
allergy: urticaria, Lyell's syndrome (toxic epidermal necrolysis), anaphylactic shock, itching in the genital area;
genitourinary system: vaginosis, candidiasis, worsening chronic renal failure;
other: changes in laboratory blood parameters in the form of increased liver transaminases, increased prothrombin time, transient hyperglycemia.

Interaction

Caution should be exercised when taken concomitantly with drugs that have a nephrotoxic effect:

diuretics: , Ethacrynic acid;
antibacterial drugs: aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, carbapenems;
antifungal agents: Fluconazole.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Aspirin, Indomethacin) slow down the elimination of Cephalexin and contribute to the development of overdose.

It is important to tell your healthcare provider about the medications you are taking to avoid unwanted cumulative and toxic effects.

Cephalexin enhances the effect of indirect anticoagulants, increasing the risk of bleeding.

Analogues of the drug

The market offers a wide range of domestic and foreign analogues.

Analogues replacing the antibiotic Cephalexin:

Cefazolin-AKOS(Russia), available in powder form, average price is 54 rubles.
Cesolin(India), available in powder form, price - 70 rubles.
Palitrex(Russia), the price ranges from 77 to 90 rubles.

Price and where to buy

Due to its great popularity, you can buy Cephalexin in almost any pharmacy. Available without a prescription.

The price for Cephalexin tablets averages about 85 rubles per pack. The price for Cephalexin suspension is about 70 rubles.

Does not require special storage conditions; direct sunlight and room temperature changes should be avoided. Shelf life: 3 years.

With alcohol

During therapy with Cephalexin, it is prohibited to drink alcohol. Alcohol weakens the effect of the drug and neutralizes its antibacterial effect. Moreover, a number of undesirable effects may occur in the form of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and bone marrow dysfunction.

You should stop drinking alcohol 2 weeks before starting treatment with Cephalexin.

Cephalexin ® is a semi-synthetic antibacterial agent with a bactericidal mechanism of action. It is a derivative of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid and belongs to the first generation oral cephalosporins. The drug has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity, which is realized due to the ability of cephalexin ® to disrupt the synthesis of bacterial cell membranes. The antibiotic is highly resistant to bacterial penicillinases, but is destroyed by cephalosporinases.

The drug has high bioavailability and rapid absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Eating slightly slows down the absorption of the drug, but does not have a significant effect on the complete absorption of cephalexin ®.

Therapeutic parameters in blood plasma are maintained from 4 to 6 hours after consuming the antibiotic. Cmax is achieved within 60 minutes after administration.

The antibiotic does not form active metabolites. Excretion from the body is carried out by the kidneys (unchanged in the urine). Also, a small part of the drug is excreted in the bile.

With kidney dysfunction, accompanied by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate, the concentration of the antibiotic in the blood plasma increases and the time of elimination of the drug from the body increases. In this regard, dosage adjustment in patients with impaired renal function is carried out in accordance with creatinine clearance.

Pharmacological group

First generation cephalosporins.

Composition and dosage form of Cefalexin ®

The antibiotic has only an oral form of release. Cefalexin ® does not have an injection form of release (in ampoules).

The drug is available in the form:

capsules of 250 mg and 0.5 grams;
granules and powder for making a suspension for children, containing 250 mg of antibiotic in five ml.

Photo of cephalexin ® in the form of 500 mg tablets

Cefalexin ® syrup (suspension) can be used from 6 months. Tablets and capsules - from three years.

The composition of the capsule form, in addition to the main active ingredient cephalexin ® in a dose of 0.25 and 0.5 grams, includes auxiliary ingredients. As a rule, the content of capsules is indicated as lactulose monohydrate, Mg stearate, talc, colloidal Si dioxide, iron oxide dye or E133 (blue brilliant), tartrazine, gelatin, etc.

The suspension contains 250 milligrams of antibiotic in five milliliters of the finished suspension, yellow dye (iron oxide), gum, sweeteners, flavors, stabilizers and thickeners.

Cephalexin ® prescription in Latin

Rp: Cefalexini 0.25.

D.t. d. N 20 in tab.

S. 2 tablets 4 times a day.

What does Cephalexin ® help with?

The spectrum of bactericidal action of cephalexin covers a wide range of microorganisms, including:

staphylococci (including coagulase-positive, coagulase-negative and penicillinase-forming types);
most streptococci (with the exception of enterococci) and pneumococci;
E. coli;
salmonella;
shigella;
hemophilus influenzae;
Proteus;
Treponema;
klebsiella;
Escherichia coli;
diphtheria corynebacterium;
Moraxella;
meningo- and gonococci;
pale spirochete;
radiant mushrooms.

Cephalexin ® is not effective against indole-positive strains of Proteus, Enterobacter, Enterococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Serracia, methicillin-resistant staphylococci and strains of bacteria capable of producing the enzyme cephalosporinase.

Indications for use of Cephalexin ®

Cephalexin ® has low binding to plasma elements of the blood. Due to this, it penetrates well and accumulates in organs and tissues, is capable of creating significant concentrations in the pleura and pericardium, however, it practically does not penetrate the unchanged blood-brain barrier.

The maximum accumulation of the drug is in the lungs and upper respiratory tract, liver, kidneys, heart, bones and joints, gall bladder and bile.

In this regard, cephalexin ® is indicated for:

otorhinolaryngological infections (pharyngitis, otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis);
inflammatory processes in the respiratory tract (bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, as well as in the presence of complications such as pleural empyema and lung abscess);
infections affecting the genitourinary system (pyelonephritis, prostatitis, epididymitis, urethritis, cystitis, endometritis, vulvovaginitis):
postpartum infections;
STIs (complicated and uncomplicated gonorrhea);
inflammatory processes in bone tissue and joints (osteomyelitis, septic arthritis);
purulent-inflammatory processes of the skin and pancreas (boils, phlegmon, abscesses, pyoderma);
lymphadenitis and lymphangitis.

Contraindications to the use of the antibiotic Cephalexin ®

Absolute contraindications to prescribing an antibiotic are allergies to beta-lactams and individual intolerance to additional components of the drug.

Age restrictions:

instructions for use of cephalexin ® 250 mg capsules and table. contains information that the drug in this dosage form is contraindicated in children under three years of age;
Cephalexin ® suspension for children can be prescribed to babies older than 6 months.

When prescribing an antibiotic to breastfeeding women, breastfeeding should be stopped for the period of antibiotic therapy.

Relative contraindications (that is, the drug can be prescribed if necessary with extreme caution) are:

impaired renal function with a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (correction of the prescribed daily dose is necessary in accordance with creatinine clearance);
the patient has a history of pseudomembranous colitis associated with taking beta-lactams.

Prescription for pregnant and breastfeeding women

The antibiotic can cross the placental barrier and be found in the amniotic fluid; cephalexin ® is also excreted in milk in small quantities. However, given the lack of teratogenic effects on the fetus, the drug is on the list of antibiotics approved during pregnancy. And yet, it must be remembered that all drugs should be prescribed only by the attending physician, after carefully comparing possible risks and expected benefits.

Breastfeeding must be suspended during treatment.

Cephalexin ® dosages for adults

The drug is taken half an hour or an hour before meals. Take the capsules with a glass of boiled water.

Despite the fact that capsules are approved for use from three years of age, for children under 14 years of age it is preferable to use a suspension.

For elderly patients with unimpaired renal function, the prescribed dose is not adjusted.

For patients with renal dysfunction, the daily dosage is adjusted depending on creatinine clearance. If CC is less than 20 milliliters per minute, then the daily dose should not exceed 1.5 grams. If the clearance is less than 5 ml per minute, the daily dose is reduced to 0.5 grams.

During antibiotic therapy, renal function must be carefully monitored.

Cephalexin ® suspension - instructions for use for children

The standard daily dose for babies weighing less than 40 kilograms is calculated by prescribing from 25 to 50 milligrams per kilogram of weight. The daily dose should be divided into three to four doses. In case of severe illnesses or pathologies with a high risk of complications (acute otitis media), the recommended daily dose can be increased to 75-100 milligrams per kilogram of body weight.

The standard duration of treatment is from 7 to 10 days. For infectious diseases of streptococcal etiology, the duration of treatment should be at least 10 days.

Children over 14 years of age are prescribed standard adult dosages. The daily dose is from 1 g to 4 grams (for severe infections), divided into 4 doses.

For purulent-inflammatory diseases of the skin and pancreas, it is necessary to prescribe 0.25 grams every 6 hours, or 0.5 grams twice a day. In severe cases of the disease, daily doses can be doubled.

Side effects

The main undesirable effects from the use of antibiotics are gastrointestinal disorders. In their reviews of Cephalexin ®, many patients note dyspeptic disorders, abdominal pain, dry mouth, and diarrhea associated with intestinal dysbiosis.

Pseudomembranous colitis develops extremely rarely.

Another common complaint after treatment is oral candidiasis (more common in young children) and thrush.

Allergic reactions due to intolerance to beta-lactams are possible. They can have varying degrees of severity from urticaria to angioedema or exudative erythema.

From the central nervous system, disorders may manifest as a feeling of weakness, anxiety and dizziness.

It is extremely rare to see:

impaired renal function and the development of interstitial nephritis;
cholestasis;
changes in biochemical (increased liver transaminases) and general (decreased number of neutrophils, platelets, leukocytes) blood tests.

Combination of cephalexin ® with alcohol

Cephalosporin drugs belong to the category of drugs that are absolutely incompatible with alcoholic beverages.

The simultaneous use of Cephalexin ® and alcohol can lead to the development of severe disulfiram-like reactions and provoke severe toxic damage to the liver and central nervous system.

Drug combinations

Considering the bactericidal mechanism of action of the antibiotic, it should not be combined with drugs that have a bacteriostatic effect (tetracyclines,).

Also, it is important to remember that Cephalexin ® is prohibited from being prescribed simultaneously with nephrotoxic drugs (aminoglycoside class antibiotics, loop diuretics). This combination increases the risk of severe kidney damage.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs slow down the elimination of the antibiotic.

Patients taking indirect anticoagulants must carefully monitor blood clotting parameters, as this combination can cause bleeding.

Analogs of cephalexin ®

The drug can be produced under the trade names:

Ospexin ® ;
Lexin ®;
Flexin ®;
Keflex®.

Cephalexin ® reviews for children, adults

The drug is a highly effective antimicrobial agent with a wide spectrum of activity. When prescribing Cephalexin ® for children, parents note rapid improvement with the use of the antibiotic. However, it is also necessary to note frequent dyspeptic disorders and allergic reactions.

When prescribing an antibiotic to adults, it also gives good results in the treatment of purulent-inflammatory processes caused by sensitive pathogens. Many patients note its effectiveness for sinusitis, tonsillitis and bacterial bronchitis. It is also necessary to note its low cost (0.5 gram tablets produced by the Serbian company Hemofarm ® can be purchased for 80 rubles), making it accessible to all segments of the population.

Cephalexin is a semi-synthetic Packaging Cephalexin, an antibiotic of the cephalosporin group, is a derivative of 7-aminocephalosporic acid.

Successfully fights bacteria, both gram-positive and some gram-negative. It is used for diseases of the respiratory system caused by microorganisms that are sensitive to the product. Has a wide range of applications.

Eliminates inflammatory processes in the lungs, bronchi, pleural layers, dysfunctions of the genitourinary system. Used in the treatment of ENT diseases - inflammation in the ear, tonsils, sinuses, as well as diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Eliminates dermatological problems of infectious origin.

Clinical and pharmacological group

First generation cephalosporin.

Terms of sale from pharmacies

Can buy according to a doctor's prescription.

Price

How much does Cephalexin cost in pharmacies? The average price is 75 rubles.

Composition and release form

The drug Cephalexin is available in the form of hard gelatin capsules for oral administration. Capsules are packaged in blisters of 8 pieces (2) in a cardboard box with detailed instructions included.

Each capsule contains the active ingredient Cephalexin - 250 mg or 500 mg, as well as a number of additional auxiliary components.

Pharmacological effect

The principle of action of Cephalexin according to the instructions is bactericidal. Streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, salmonella, E. coli, Shigella, Proteus, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella, Treponema and some other organisms are sensitive to the effects of the drug. Enterobacteriaceae, enterococci and mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to Cephalexin.

Absorption of Cephalexin is almost 90%, the drug is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the fact that the antibiotic Cephalexin is acid-resistant, eating after or while taking the drug may slow down its absorption, but, in general, does not affect its completeness. The maximum concentration of the active substance in the blood is achieved 1-2 hours after using Cephalexin: in this case, the antibiotic is evenly distributed in the mucous membrane of the bronchi, lungs, liver, kidneys, and heart. Against the background of diseases associated with impaired renal function, the concentration of the drug in the blood increases, and the half-life lengthens, amounting to 20-40 hours.

Indications for use

What does it help with? Cephalexin is prescribed for infectious lesions of the following organs and targets:

joints and bones (including osteomyelitis);
soft tissues and skin (lymphadenitis, abscess, lymphangitis, phlegmon);
upper and lower respiratory tract (bronchopneumonia, exacerbation of chronic pneumonia, abscess and empyema);
organs of the genitourinary system (vulvovaginitis, endometritis, gonorrhea, urethritis, epididymitis,).

Contraindications

Absolute contraindications: increased sensitivity to any of the components of the drug, as well as to other beta-lactam antibiotics.

Additionally for capsules: age up to 10 years.

Additionally for tablets: age up to 3 years, sucrose or isomaltose deficiency, fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption.

Additionally for granules for the preparation of suspension for oral administration: sucrose or isomaltose deficiency, fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption.

Relative contraindications:

pseudomembranous colitis (history);
renal failure;
pregnancy and lactation period.

Additionally for powder and granules for the preparation of oral suspension: up to 6 months of age.

Prescription during pregnancy and lactation

The drug Cephalexin is not prescribed to women during pregnancy. This is due to the fact that cefasporin drugs easily penetrate the placental barrier and can cause toxic damage to the internal organs and nervous system of the fetus. There is no clinical experience with the use of Cephalexin capsules, especially in early pregnancy, and the safety of the drug for mother and fetus has not been established.

During breastfeeding, the use of Cephalexin in capsule form is possible only if the expected benefit for the mother outweighs the possible risks for the baby. If negative side reactions occur in the baby, treatment with the drug is stopped or lactation is completed.

Dosage and method of administration

As indicated in the instructions for use, Cephalexin is prescribed orally, 30-60 minutes before meals, with water.

The average dose for adults and children over 10 years of age is 250-500 mg every 6 hours. The daily dose of the drug should be at least 1-2 g, if necessary, it can be increased to 4 g. The duration of treatment is 7-14 days. For infections caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, the minimum duration of treatment is 10 days.

Adult patients with renal dysfunction the daily dose is reduced taking into account the CC value: with CC 5-20 ml/min, the maximum daily dose is 1.5 g/day; with CC less than 5 ml/min – 0.5 g/day. The daily dose is divided into 4 doses.

For children under 10 years of age, the drug is recommended to be prescribed in the form of an oral suspension. For body weight less than 40 kg, the average daily dose is 25-100 mg/kg body weight; frequency of administration – 4 times/day. For otitis media – dose 75 mg/kg/day, frequency of administration – 4 times/day. For streptococcal pharyngitis, infections of the skin and soft tissues, the dosage frequency is 2 times a day. In case of severe infections, the daily dose can be increased to 100 mg/kg body weight, and the frequency of administration – up to 6 times a day.

Preparation of the suspension: Add water to the bottle up to the risk and shake well. The prepared suspension is stable at room temperature for 14 days. The suspension must be shaken before each use. 5 ml of the finished suspension contains 250 mg of cephalexin.

Adverse reactions

According to some reviews of Cephalexin, the following side effects when using the antibiotic can be noted:

From the reproductive system: vaginal discharge, vaginitis, candidomycosis of the genital organs;
From the digestive system: vomiting, nausea, dry mouth, diarrhea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, intestinal candidomycosis, dyspepsia, in some cases - pseudomembranous enterocolitis, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice;
From the central nervous system: agitation, weakness, hallucinations, headache, drowsiness, dizziness, convulsions;
From the urinary system, interstitial nephritis is possible;
From the hematopoietic system: neutropenia, reversible leukopenia, thrombocytopenia;
Laboratory indicators: increased prothrombin time, increased activity of alkaline phosphatase and liver transaminases.

In addition, there is the possibility of allergic reactions, urticaria, malignant exudative erythema, anaphylaxis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, arthritis, genital itching, dermatitis, and in rare cases, Quincke's edema.

Overdose symptoms

It is not recommended to specifically exceed the dose indicated in the instructions, since prolonged use of the antibiotic in large doses can lead to an overdose, which is clinically manifested by the following symptoms:

nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bloody diarrhea;
excretion of blood in the urine;
pain in the kidney area, development of acute renal failure;
Crohn's disease, development of intestinal necrosis.

Treatment: activated carbon, monitoring of body functions and electrolyte balance.

special instructions

Before you start using the drug, read the special instructions:

During the treatment period, it is not recommended to consume ethanol.
In patients with impaired renal function, accumulation is possible (adjustment of the dosage regimen is required).
In staphylococcal infections, cross-resistance exists between cephalosporins and isoxazolylpenicillins.
During treatment with cephalexin, a positive direct Coombs test is possible, as well as a false-positive urine test for glucose.
Patients with a history of allergic reactions to penicillins and carbapenems may have increased sensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.

Compatibility with other drugs

When using the drug, it is necessary to take into account interactions with other medications:

Salicylates and indomethacin slow down the elimination of cephalexin.
Cephalexin reduces the prothrombin index and enhances the effect of indirect anticoagulants.
When used simultaneously with furosemide, ethacrynic acid, nephrotoxic antibiotics (for example, aminoglycosides), the risk of kidney damage increases.