Pain in the duodenum. Inflammation of the duodenum: causes and symptoms

Duodenal ulcer (DU) is a chronic disease and is characterized by the formation of an ulcerative defect on the mucous membrane of the organ. The course of the disease is undulating with periods of remission, when there are practically no symptoms, and periods of exacerbation. Most often, duodenal ulcer is diagnosed simultaneously with a gastric ulcer - in this case we are talking about a combined pathology.

Classification

In medicine, it is customary to classify duodenal ulcers into several types. All of them have their own characteristics and must be subject to individually selected treatment.

By frequency of exacerbations:

• duodenal ulcer with rare exacerbations - the manifestation of acute symptoms occurs no more than once every two years;
• duodenal ulcer with frequent manifestations - exacerbation occurs at least once a year.

According to the number of ulcers formed on the duodenal mucosa:

• single;
• multiple.

According to the location of the defective formation:

• in the expanded part of the duodenum - the bulbous section;
• in the post-bulb section.

According to the depth of damage to the duodenal wall:

• deep ulcers;
• superficial.

According to the state of the defective formation itself:

• stage of active exacerbation;
• remission stage;
• scarring stage.

There are also differences in the types of duodenal ulcer, depending on the cause of the pathology:

• hormonal ulcers – the disease developed due to long-term use of medications;
• shock ulcers - a defective formation occurred against the background of bruises, burns and any injuries;
• stress ulcers – develop against the background of stress, depression, and strong psycho-emotional experiences.

Causes of development of duodenal ulcer

The main cause of the development of the disease in question is Helicobacter pylori - pathogens that provoke the development of stomach ulcers. When a stomach ulcer lasts for a long time, bacteria inevitably reach the mucous membrane of the duodenum and an ulcer begins to form there. There are several factors that most often provoke the onset of development of duodenal ulcer, although this is not necessary. These include:

• chronic fatigue, stress, constant irritation, depression, disturbances in the psycho-emotional background;
• predisposition at the genetic level;
• increased acidity of gastric juice - it enters the duodenum and irritates the mucous membrane;
• inflammatory process in the duodenum, which is chronic in nature - duodenitis;
• a significant decrease in immunity against the background of any other pathologies;
• long-term use of certain medications - for example, steroidal anti-inflammatory/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, antibacterial agents;
• violation of the diet.

Symptoms of duodenal ulcer

If the disease is in remission, then nothing bothers the patient, he leads his usual lifestyle. In case of exacerbation of duodenal ulcer, the following symptoms can be expected:

1. . This is the most striking and constant sign of the disease in question. The pain is localized slightly above the navel, and can radiate to the scapula and heart area - this leads to a false diagnosis. The pain is intermittent and most often occurs in the evenings or at night - so-called “hunger” pain. The time for pain to develop is 2-3 hours after eating. The greatest intensity of the pain syndrome manifests itself when the diet is violated, taking medications, or drinking alcohol.
2. Heartburn and belching. They will not be too intense - many patients do not pay attention to these symptoms at all.
3. Bloating and nausea. The patient complains of too much fullness in the abdomen, when even the most powerful drugs do not reduce flatulence. Nausea is not present all the time, but only after eating.
4. Vomit. It immediately brings relief to the patient - the feeling of bloating disappears and the pain goes away. Some patients voluntarily induce vomiting.
5. Digestive system disorders. We are talking about constipation - the act of defecation may be absent for quite a long time, up to a week. Often an admixture of blood and thick mucus is found in the stool.
6. Psycho-emotional disorders– the person becomes irritable and is bothered by insomnia.
7. Weight loss. This symptom is present in any case, despite the patient’s excellent appetite.

Duodenal ulcer is characterized by precise seasonality - in the summer and winter months there are no manifestations of this pathology at all, but the peak of doctor visits for the above symptoms occurs in spring and autumn.

Diagnosis of duodenal ulcer

Despite the severity of the symptoms, the diagnosis of the disease in question should be carried out by a doctor. As part of diagnostic measures, the following procedures are carried out:

1. History of the disease. The patient is found out how often pain occurs, what it can be associated with (for example, food or physical activity), which helps to get rid of the pain.
2. Anamnesis of life. It is imperative to find out what pathologies were diagnosed earlier, whether any of the relatives suffered from duodenal ulcer, and whether the patient has duodenitis.
3. Laboratory research:
   • general blood and urine tests;
   • stool analysis;
   • blood chemistry;
   • analysis of gastric juice - the level of acidity is determined.
4. Instrumental studies:
   • the patient must undergo FEGDS - this helps the doctor to see the condition of the mucous membrane of the duodenum and stomach, to take a small fragment of the mucous membrane for study from a histological point of view (the nature of the defective formation is determined - malignant/benign);
   • Ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs.

Treatment of duodenal ulcer

Treatment of the disease in question will be long-term, and the patient will have to follow a gentle diet throughout his life. Although not everything is so sad - doctors warn about the possibility of creating a zigzag diet: during periods of exacerbation, nutrition is limited as much as possible and represents the most gentle diet, and during long-term remission it is allowed to eat even harmful foods.

Diet for duodenal ulcers

If you have a diagnosed duodenal ulcer, you should know which foods increase the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the stomach:

• carbonated and alcoholic drinks;
• hot seasonings, spices and any, even quite spicy, sauces;
• fried food (even vegetables and fish);
• coffee and strong tea;
• meat, fish and mushroom soups with primary broth (rich);
• black bread and pastry.

The listed products should be removed from the diet not only during periods of exacerbation, but even during long-term remission. Preference should be given to:

• milk and vegetable soups;
• boiled meat and low-fat fish;
• stale white bread;
• cereal porridge.

The mucous membrane of both the stomach and duodenum is irritated by vegetables with indigestible fiber - white cabbage, radishes, radishes, asparagus, beans, peas, corn. Meat cartilage, fruits with hard skin and too dense pulp, and baked goods made from wholemeal flour can cause great harm.

Patients diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer need to remember several important dietary rules:

In case of exacerbation of duodenal ulcer, doctors prescribe the most gentle diet possible - the diet includes only ground porridge, meat soufflés and steamed meatballs/cutlets, steamed fish. Vegetables and fruits are excluded during this period, and it is better to drink rosehip decoction as a drink.

Duodenal ulcer: treatment with medications

Patients with duodenal ulcers most often take medications during periods of exacerbation. Medicines include:

The duration of treatment for exacerbation of duodenal ulcer is 2-5 weeks, most often during this time patients are in the hospital. If the patient complains of severe pain, then he may be prescribed antispasmodics (for example, no-spa), and in case of prolonged constipation, laxatives or an enema.

Traditional treatment of duodenal ulcer

Traditional medicine has several recipes that significantly alleviate the patient’s condition even during periods of exacerbation of duodenal ulcer. But it is important to understand that they are not a panacea and cannot guarantee that the pathology will be put into remission or full recovery.

Important:Before using any traditional medicine, you should consult your doctor.

Traditional medicine used in the treatment of duodenal ulcers:

Possible complications

Typically, the prognosis for the development of duodenal ulcer is favorable - it can not only be put into long-term remission, but also brought to the stage of scarring. If medical care was not provided for the disease in question, this leads to serious consequences:

• bleeding from the duodenum - characterized by “coffee grounds” vomiting, very dark and tarry stool, loss of consciousness;
• perforation of an ulcer (rupture of the wall of the duodenum at the location of the ulcer) - characterized by acute dagger pain, nausea, vomiting and tense abdominal muscles;
• peritonitis – inflammation of the peritoneum as a result of perforation of an ulcer;
• development of chronic duodenitis (inflammatory process in the duodenum);
• cicatricial narrowing of the duodenum;
• malignancy - the growth of a malignant tumor in the intestine.

Duodenal ulcer is considered a fairly frequently diagnosed disease. Pathology requires extremely careful attention to yourself, because even a short-term violation of the diet, and even during periods of exacerbation, can lead to the rapid development of complications. But perforation of an ulcer, growth of a malignant tumor and bleeding from the duodenum can lead to death.

Stomach disease is a very unpleasant and common ailment that a large number of people face. Most often, the occurring disorders are associated with gastric dysfunction, gastroduodenitis and ulcers, as well as duodenal cancer.

As for the last organ, it is located at the beginning of the intestine and is responsible for the absorption of nutrients entering the human body. And if the disease is associated specifically with this organ, then the negative consequences affect the entire health as a whole. Therefore, it is important to know all the causes and inflammation of duodenal ulcers, the signs of such a disease, as well as methods of its treatment.

Where is the duodenum located?

The very first part of the small intestine, starting from the stomach, passing into the small intestine and flowing into the jejunum, is precisely the duodenum.

If problems begin with this organ in the form of diseases such as an ulcer or an inflammatory process, then the person begins to experience severe discomfort, noticeable pain and disorder of the entire digestive tract.

The topography of the duodenum is quite complex. Its length is 30 centimeters, which is equal to 12 transverse dimensions of the fingers, which is why the intestine is called that. Moreover, it is located behind the peritoneum and is adjacent precisely to those tissues that are also located in the retroperitoneal cavity.

Structure

This organ consists of several parts:

1. Upper and descending sections.

The uppermost part of the duodenum reaches up to six centimeters in length. It is located along an oblique line, bending and forming a kind of arc, the mucous membrane of which forms longitudinal folds.

Then comes the descending section. It is located on the right side of the spine at the same level as the lower back. It is in this area that the large papilla is located, from where the ducts open.

After which the intestine bends upward and forms the ascending part. Its length is up to five centimeters, and it is located to the left of the spine in the lumbar region.

The structural features of the duodenum are that it does not have a permanent shape. The situation changes and depends on many factors, including the age and weight of the person.

Front view Back view

Another feature of such an organ is its syntopy. Simultaneously in contact with the liver and pancreas, the ducts of the glands flow into the duodenum, as well as the ureter and right kidney. This anatomy provokes the risk of developing serious diseases in this area.

Functions

This organ plays one of the most important roles in the entire digestion process. It is in the cavity of the duodenum that enzymes mix with digestive juices (pancreatic and gastric, bile). Due to this, the food entering the body is broken down into nutrients, which are then easily absorbed in the intestinal walls.

At the base of the villi of the duodenum, intestinal glands open, producing duodenal juice and necessary hormones. The functions of this body also include regulation:

• activity of the liver and pancreas;
• reflex closing and opening of the pylorus;
• acidity of gastric juice.

Symptoms of duodenal ulcer

Peptic ulcer disease (ICD code 10) is chronic, so it is constantly accompanied by stages of exacerbation and remission. During the passive period of the disease, ulcer patients usually do not worry about anything special and they do not feel any discomfort. But in the acute stage, the main symptoms of this disease begin to appear.

There is a mirror ulcer, characterized by the presence of neoplasms, both at the beginning of the intestine and at its end. Quite often there are several ulcers, and this complicates the course of the disease and takes longer to cure.

The main symptom of the disease is pain, which has its own specific characteristic. Usually the painful spasm is localized on the right side. The pain begins in the right hypochondrium, gradually localizing in the lumbovertebral region. Another distinctive feature is that such an unpleasant sensation appears on an empty stomach and at night. But when a person eats food, the spasm decreases. This happens because the ulcer gradually destroys the mucosa and submucosa.

Additional symptoms of peptic ulcer disease may include:

1. present heartburn;
2. emerging nausea;
3. belching after eating;
4. vomiting with a sour taste;
5. sudden weight loss.

Another characteristic sign of an ulcer is indigestion. It manifests itself as frequent diarrhea. In this case, a person may not tolerate fruits and dairy products well. Also, if with increased appetite, body weight decreases, then we are definitely talking about inflammation of the duodenum, which is extremely dangerous.

If the ulcers completely affect this organ, then a yellow coating may appear on the tongue. This happens due to the fact that a spasm of the bile ducts occurs and bile stagnation occurs. As a result, at an early stage of the disease, a person suffers from pain on the right side, and the skin surface becomes yellowish.

During an ulcer, the stomach area is covered with scar tissue, which can cause the evacuation of food that gets inside. All this leads to vomiting, after which the patient’s condition may improve for a while.

More often, the period of exacerbation occurs in the spring and autumn seasons, and lasts for eight weeks. But the remission stage can last from four weeks to several years. The danger of such a disease lies in the complications that the course of the disease can lead to.

How to check the duodenum

To avoid serious complications and consequences for the entire body, treatment of duodenal ulcers should begin as early as possible. And in order to detect this disease, it is necessary to carry out a number of activities. It is diagnosis and subsequent therapy that help prevent destruction of the mucous membrane.

All these methods make it possible to identify the presence of erosion, diverticulum or parafateral ulcer, thanks to which an accurate diagnosis is made, since the symptoms of various gastric diseases are very similar to each other. They help check whether the histology of the duodenum, as well as its anatomy and physiology, is normal.

Therefore, as soon as signs of a duodenal ulcer have been discovered in women or men, you should immediately consult a doctor, who will prescribe a series of diagnostic measures, and then draw up a treatment regimen.

Diseases of the duodenum

Diseases associated with damage to the duodenum have similar symptoms at the initial stage, but the clinical picture is different. Moreover, they all provoke an inflammatory process that negatively affects the condition of the entire body.

One of these diseases is duodenal lymphangiectasia. With this pathology, the lymph nodes become enlarged, which causes swelling of the duodenal tissue, which is called microlymphostasis.

Proteins entering the body cease to be absorbed and swelling only increases. The cause of this disease can be pancreatitis, pericarditis, oncology, intestinal endometriosis, Crohn's disease.

More often, lymphectasia is diagnosed in childhood and young age.

Inflammatory

Inflammatory processes include dyskenesia and duodenostasis. Such ailments lead to disruption of the motor function of the diseased organ. Stagnation forms in the cavity of the duodenum. As a result, a mushy mass (chyme), which is the remnants of incompletely digested food and gastric juice, is retained in the intestine. Pain in the epigastric area begins to appear.

The spasm often occurs after a meal, thereby provoking a feeling of nausea and vomiting. There is a feeling of heaviness in the pit of the stomach, the person stops eating normally, he may experience constipation and weight begins to decrease.

Treatment in this case is most often based on following a special diet. Meals become fractional up to six times a day. The menu should contain dishes containing large amounts of vitamins and fiber. In some cases, if necessary, parenteral nutrition and intestinal lavage are prescribed (once every four days).

Additionally, therapy may include the use of sedatives and tranquilizers. Abdominal massage and therapeutic exercises can speed up the treatment process.

Another inflammatory disease is duodenal erosion. In this case, the inflammatory process occurs on the surface of the mucosa, without penetrating into the muscle layers and forming erosive areas.

An ultrasound may show thickening of the wall of the duodenum itself. Quickly identified symptoms and treatment of duodenal erosion, started in a timely manner, produce results. But this disease can be provoked by long-term use of medications, stress, poor diet, Helichobacter bacteria and smoking.

Ulcer

This disease occurs as a result of exposure of the mucous membrane of the duodenum to acid and pepsin. The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is of great importance in the pathogenesis of this disease. The disease occurs with relapses and even after healing the ulcer leaves a scar.

The main manifestation of this disease is pain of varying intensity, manifested in the upper abdomen. During physical activity, the unpleasant spasm intensifies. The same thing happens when you feel hungry, when you eat spicy food and alcohol. The pain usually decreases after the person takes antacid or antisecretory medications.

The ulcer is dangerous due to its manifestations. And if the disease is severe and with complications, the person may face disability.

Complications of duodenal ulcer

Quite often it worsens and can lead to unpleasant consequences. Sometimes internal bleeding occurs, which can be detected by blood clots present in the vomit and stool.

The ulcer also tends to spread to adjacent healthy organs. Sometimes the wall of the duodenum acquires a through hole. And if penetration occurs, then the person experiences regular vomiting and nausea, after which relief does not come.

Against the background of the underlying disease, a hernia may form. And these are not all the complications that can be encountered with duodenal ulcers:

1. Perforation of the ulcer. It develops quite suddenly and is characterized by acute pain in the pit of the stomach. Palpation of the abdomen is painful, and the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall are very tense. In this case, the ulcer increases in size and becomes 1 cm in size, which is considered large. For suturing of a perforated ulcer, preliminary mobilization of the intestine according to Kocher is necessary.

2. Pyloric stenosis. It manifests itself as vomit of the food that a person ate the day before. In this case, a belch with a rotten smell appears. And upon superficial examination, peristalsis in the epigastric region is noticeable.

3. Penetration of the ulcer. This is the transfer of the disease to other organs. The pain intensifies and does not depend on food intake. The temperature may rise and the person may experience a feverish state. A parapapillary ulcer breaks into a confined space. These are nearby organs and ligaments.

4. Malignancy. This is the degeneration of an ulcer into a malignant tumor. At first, there are no obvious symptoms. And the disease itself is revealed through a detailed examination. At the same time, the clinical picture changes, the frequency of exacerbations becomes more frequent, and the disease ceases to be associated with a specific seasonality.

5. Arteriomesenteric obstruction of the duodenum. It develops due to improper rotation of the intestine or due to a congenital deformity called atresia. This condition is aggravated if cholelithiasis begins to develop additionally. This usually happens to older women.

Treatment of duodenal diseases

Treatment of all diseases of the duodenum should be comprehensive and complete. First, the doctor studies the history of the disease, makes a diagnosis and chooses therapy. A person will have to follow all basic recommendations. They may relate to nutrition, exercise and basic lifestyle.

All this will help reduce symptoms and treatment of duodenal inflammation will proceed at an accelerated pace. Bed rest becomes mandatory, as it has a beneficial effect on blood supply in the gastrointestinal tract.

Therapeutic therapy is based on the following principles:

• taking pills that relieve symptoms of the disease;
• taking a course of antibiotics;
• use of painkillers;
• diet;
• rejection of bad habits;
• use of traditional medicine recipes;
• physiotherapy.

Medication

Drug treatment is based on drugs belonging to the group of proton pump inhibitors. They promote scarring of ulcerative formations, and thereby the scarred tissue alleviates the painful spasms that arise.

When the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is detected in the body during an ulcer, then eradication drugs are added to therapy. Typically, the treatment regimen consists of the following medications:

1. Drugs Rabeprazole or Omez (PPI);
2. Clarithromycin;
3. Metronidazole or Amoxicillin.

The dosage is prescribed by the attending physician. If the completed course of drug therapy does not give the desired result, then the drug De-Nol is added to the treatment. Finally, fibrogastroscopy is performed and if serious complications are detected, then surgical intervention is performed.

So, if we are talking about arteriomesenteric compression, gastric resection is performed. Polyps in the duodenum are also removed. In some cases, a suturing device for the duodenal stump is used.

Treatment with folk remedies

Treatment with folk remedies can also give positive results. The basis of this therapy is the use of natural ingredients that enhance the functions of the immune system, improve the digestion process, and also have antibacterial and healing properties. What helps relieve pain from ulcerative lesions.

Good results are obtained from decoctions prepared from calendula and yarrow, golden mustache and burdock root. A tincture of St. John's wort and olive oil gives a quick positive effect. Also used are viburnum, dandelion root, chamomile and honey, propolis.

One of the effective ways to cope at home is flax seeds. A special decoction is prepared from them, which is taken daily for two months, 50 ml before the main meal.

Flax decoction improves the condition of ulcers and can be used as a prophylaxis, especially during exacerbations.

Causes of duodenal diseases

Factors that provoke diseases associated with duodenal tract include:

Men are more often susceptible to such diseases, since they do not monitor their diet at all. In most cases, they eat on the run or simply replace meals with a cup of coffee. They smoke a lot and drink alcohol more than women.

As for children, their stomach diseases are associated with a hereditary predisposition, with increased acid formation, with toxin poisoning and with a lack of eating habits.

Bulbitis of the duodenum

Duodenal bulbitis is also a digestive disorder in which beneficial substances are no longer absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. And such a disease manifests itself immediately.

Its manifestation causes significant discomfort and prevents a person from leading a full and normal lifestyle. But if the diagnosis is made in a timely manner and treatment is started, then this disease can be completely eliminated.

Bulbit is an acute or chronic inflammation of the duodenal bulb, which is one of the types of duodenitis. Very often this pathology is accompanied by gastritis or postbulbar ulcers.

According to its localization, this disease can be focal or total. In adults, this disease occurs for the following reasons:

1. infections caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori;
2. weakened immunity;
3. lack of adrenal hormones;
4. prolonged exposure to stress and psychosomatics;
5. failure of eating habits;
6. heredity and the presence of bad habits.

Bulbit is accompanied by noticeable painful spasms and indigestion. In the early stages, nausea without vomiting, constipation and heartburn occur. Then, as the disease progresses, vomiting with bile appears, which the liver secretes, and belching with a bitter taste. In the final stages, a person faces decreased performance and a deterioration of the immune system, which is accompanied by regular headaches and muscle weakness.

Treatment is based on taking medications, maintaining proper nutrition and herbal medicine.

Duodenal cancer

Cancer is considered a rare disease that is very difficult to diagnose at an early stage. This disease is a carcinoma, which is a malignant neoplasm (polyp or adenoma). It develops from epithelial cells of the intestine, which spread to all neighboring organs. This diagnosis is mainly faced by older men and women (after 50 years).
The first symptoms of duodenal cancer do not manifest themselves. But over time, signs indicating stomach diseases begin to appear:

• belching and heartburn;
• loss of appetite;
• weakness and weight loss;
• pale skin;
• sleep disturbance and migraine.

The most obvious symptom indicating cancer is a dull and constant aching pain that is in no way related to eating. And as the tumor grows, all the symptoms only get worse.

Duodenitis

The inflammatory process that affects the mucous membrane of the duodenum is duodenitis. If inflammation occurs in the upper part of this organ, then the symptom
Atika resembles a disease such as an ulcer. But if it affects the lower parts of the intestine, then the symptoms are similar to pancreatitis. And men experience duodenitis more often than women. And on endoscopy, during inflammation, semolina syndrome can be observed.

The main symptoms of this disease include:

1. poor appetite and indigestion;
2. feeling of severe heaviness after eating;
3. vomiting and nausea with a certain frequency;
4. painful cramps in the center and upper abdomen;
5. feces mixed with blood;
6. flatulence and diarrhea;
7. general weakness of the body.

When duodenitis is combined with a duodenal ulcer, then the main and obvious symptom is severe pain, which manifests itself on an empty stomach. More details about Duodenitis in the video:

Nutrition during and after illness

Nutrition and treatment for duodenal ulcers are inextricably linked. Only then does therapy give tangible results and speed up the healing process.

The basic principles of nutrition during the treatment period include:

• fractional meals up to six times a day;
• food is steamed or boiled;
• frying of food is excluded;
• You need to chew food slowly and thoroughly;
• salt intake should be limited;
• spices, garlic and seasonings are completely removed from the diet;
• Dishes should be warm, not cold or hot.

You need to exclude from the main menu products that irritate the mucous membrane of the duodenum. These are spicy and salty foods, carbonated drinks, fast food, sour fruits, which create an alkaline reaction in the environment. Prohibited products also include:

1. smoked and fatty meats;
2. store-bought semi-finished products, including dumplings;
3. rich broths and lard;
4. yeast-based baked goods;
5. raw vegetables, especially tomatoes and cabbage;
6. coffee and strong tea;
7. mushrooms and seeds;
8. sweets and confectionery;
9. citrus fruits and pomegranate;
10. alcohol, including beer.

During treatment of duodenal ulcers, the diet should consist of such approved foods as:

• dairy, chicken and vegetable soups;
• porridge with water and milk;
• white bread and lean meat;
• mineral water;
• low fat cheese;
• skim milk and cottage cheese;
• eggs only boiled;
• vegetables and fruits that have undergone heat treatment and do not cause gas formation;
• honey and fiber.

Bananas can be eaten during remission, but during an exacerbation they are removed from the diet. You need to be careful with pearl barley, millet and corn porridge. You can add cinnamon and vanillin to dishes. When the disease becomes moderate and all signs disappear, dried fruits such as prunes, dried apricots and dates are allowed. But during the period of acute illness they are prohibited.

For duodenal bulb ulcers, treatment table 1, 5 is prescribed. Subsequently, when the symptoms of the disease are eliminated, it is necessary to continue to adhere to the recommended diet. You can consume dairy products, but fermented milk products, such as kefir, are better with minimal fat content. And it’s better if it’s one-day. Yogurt is allowed, but only low-fat.

Fruits and berries should be sweet and are best consumed in the form of jam or puree. It is better to stew vegetables and take those that do not irritate the mucous membrane. But you should give up sauerkraut. It is better to replace this vegetable with cauliflower; it is also useful to include pumpkin in the menu: read.

You should drink a lot of water, jelly and fruit drinks, compotes and decoctions of medicinal herbs that have anti-ulcer properties. Instead of coffee, it is recommended to drink chicory, but not in its pure form, but as part of other healthy preparations. You can have green and clarified tea.

Prevention

In order not to again provoke an exacerbation of the duodenal ulcer, which becomes healed within 21 days, you need to give up such bad habits as smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages. Then questions about how many people live with this disease will not arise.

You also need to follow the basics of proper nutrition and avoid foods that irritate the mucous membrane. Persimmon is very useful during this period, as it reduces the likelihood of bleeding.

You need to regularly visit the dentist and try to reduce the negative effects of stress on your own body. You should play sports without excessive stress. Such prevention will reduce the risk of repeated relapses and relieve unpleasant symptoms.

Expert opinion Tsigalov M.M. Doctor - gastroenterologist, Barnaul. The most important and valuable thing is your health. In order to prevent such unpleasant and sometimes scary diagnoses, you should lead a healthy lifestyle and adhere to simple rules, namely: eat evenly throughout the day: 3 main meals and 2 snacks, drink clean water, lead an active lifestyle and not yourself with nervous breakdowns. These simple rules will allow you to live without disease. Well, if you have already felt unpleasant symptoms, then you need to conduct an examination without delay. Stay healthy.

The human intestine begins with the duodenum– it is located immediately behind the stomach and is relatively small in size compared to other parts of this organ (see photo above). Also called DPC for short.

Why was she called that: Medieval scientists - anatomists did not have modern means of measurement, and they, having measured the length of this organ with their fingers, received an indicator of 12 fingers in diameter - 25 - 30 cm.

Functions of the duodenum

The duodenum plays an important role in the entire digestive process. Since it is the initial link of the intestine, the processes of absorption of nutrients from incoming food and liquid actively occur here. It brings the acid-base indicator of food to a level that will be optimal for subsequent stages of digestion in the intestines. It is in this organ that the stage of intestinal digestion begins.

Another integral phase of the work of this part of the intestine is the regulation of pancreatic enzymes secreted by the pancreas, as well as bile, depending on the acidity of the food bolus and its chemical composition.

The duodenum affects the proper functioning of the secretory function of the stomach, since the opposite interaction occurs. It involves the opening and closing of the pylorus of the stomach and humoral secretion.

Evacuation and motor functions.

The 12 duodenum carries the function of further promoting food gruel, treated with enzymes, into the next section of the small intestine. This occurs due to the massive muscle layer of the duodenal wall.

Features of the structure of the organ (shape, location, fastening)

The shape of most people is varied, and even in one person, both the shape and the location of the duodenum can change over the course of a person’s life. It can be V-shaped, and resemble a horseshoe, loop and other shapes. In old age, or after weight loss, it is lowered compared to where the duodenum is located in young and middle-aged people and overweight people. But most often it originates at the level of the seventh thoracic or first lumbar vertebra, located from left to right. Then there is a bend with a descent to the third lumbar vertebra, another bend with an ascent parallel to the upper part and the intestine ends in the area of ​​​​the second lumbar vertebra.

It is attached to the abdominal organs by connective fibers located on the walls. The upper part of the duodenum has the fewest such attachments, so it is mobile - it can move from side to side.

The structure of the wall of the duodenum:

• The serous outer layer performs mechanical protective functions.
• The muscle layer is responsible for the peristalsis of the organ during the digestion of food.
• The submucosal layer contains nerve and vascular nodes.
• the inner layer is the mucous membrane, strewn with a large number of villi, folds and depressions.

Organs adjacent to the duodenum

This section of the intestine is in contact with other abdominal organs on all sides:

• and the main duct;
• right kidney and ureter;
• ascending colon.

This anatomical location of the organ has a huge impact on the characteristics and course of diseases that arise in it.

The most common diseases of the duodenum.

• - the most common ailment of the duodenum of acute or chronic type, manifested in the form of inflammation of the mucous membrane.
• Ulcer– develops as a result of chronic duodenitis. Chronic damage to the duodenum, in which ulcers form in the mucous layer.
• Cancer tumor– a malignant neoplasm localized in different layers of the duodenal wall.

Duodenitis

More than 90% of patients develop chronic duodenitis. It can develop due to many factors, including:

• consumption of low-quality products;
• alcohol abuse;
• smoking;
• ingress of foreign bodies and toxic substances;
• other chronic intestinal diseases.

This disease manifests itself in the form of pain in the epigastrium of moderate intensity, weakness, belching, heartburn, nausea, turning into vomiting. Symptoms are often accompanied by fever.

A variation of this inflammatory phenomenon is in which the pathological process occurs only in the duodenal bulb. This form of duodenitis does not occur just like that - it is a consequence of other pathologies of the intestines or stomach. The cause of bulbitis can be:

• or DPK.

If the disease is at an acute stage, the person feels pain and nausea and suffers from repeated vomiting. Acute bulbitis develops against the background of long-term use of a large group of drugs, or poisoning. In the chronic form, there is also an aching pain syndrome, sometimes it can be accompanied by nausea.

Patients also experience chronic duodenal obstruction, which occurs against the background of tumor processes, developmental anomalies and other disorders in the duodenum. It is expressed in a violation of motor and evacuation functions in this part of the intestine and is characterized by the following symptoms:

• decreased appetite;
• feeling of heaviness and discomfort in the epigastric region;
• constipation;
• gurgling and bubbling.

The manifestation of this disease is influenced by the causes that caused duodenal obstruction, the stage of progression and how long ago the disease arose.

Peptic ulcer

The main cause of this dangerous disease is the reflux of acid from the gastric contents and its destructive effect on the mucous membrane of this part of the intestine. But this pathological process develops only when the surface layers of the intestine fail to cope with their protective functions. The ulcer is localized in the initial part of the duodenum and in the bulb, that is, in that zone of the intestine that is located at a minimum distance from the stomach.

Many gastroenterologists unanimously speak about the negative impact of frequent use of anti-inflammatory drugs, which lower the protective barrier of the mucous layer of the duodenum. These drugs are aspirin and dosage forms based on it, ibuprofen, diclofenac, etc.. Therefore, if possible, you should limit your intake of medications from this group as much as possible.

Poorly treated or neglected duodenitis, abuse of alcoholic beverages and consumption of foods harmful to the body can also cause the duodenum.

It also tends to affect not only the stomach, but also the mucous membrane of the duodenum. It is a fairly common cause of ulcerative pathology, opening the way for acid into the mucous layers of the intestine. In 19 out of 20 cases of the development of ulcers of this organ, it is the Helicobacter bacterium that is to blame.

Symptoms:

Since this disease is very common in gastroenterological practice, you should know what kind of symptomatic picture it manifests. This is a paroxysmal pain syndrome in the upper abdomen slightly below the sternum. during a feeling of hunger or, conversely, immediately after eating. After eating, symptoms worsen such as:

• nausea;
• urge to go to the toilet.

The main dangerous complications of this disease of the duodenum are bleeding or perforation, which require emergency surgical assistance. Bleeding is fraught with dangerous loss of blood and filling of the abdominal cavity with it. Perforation is when food with all the enzymes and acids enters the abdominal cavity through an ulcerative hole formed in the intestine.

If medical assistance is not provided on time, such complications can lead to the death of the patient. There are cases in medical practice when a peptic ulcer turns into a cancerous state.

An ulcer, like other lesions of the duodenum, is diagnosed by an endoscopy procedure. Using this procedure, a gastroenterologist can visually assess the condition of all organs of the digestive system. A blood test may also be necessary, especially if we are talking about duodenal ulcer caused by the Helicobacter bacterium. Complex diagnostics may also include a biopsy of the affected area of ​​the intestine - this is carried out directly during an endoscopic examination (a procedure for taking a small volume of affected tissue for laboratory examination).

Duodenal cancer

, bladder;

eating large amounts of animal food.

According to scientists, components of coffee in combination with nicotine can also affect the development of duodenal cancer. Therefore, doctors do not recommend getting carried away with coffee: you should limit yourself to 2–3 cups per day as a maximum. Constant ingestion of carcinogens and chemicals that have a detrimental effect on the entire gastrointestinal tract can also cause duodenal cancer. The unfavorable environmental conditions of the region of residence undoubtedly influence the development of many groups of diseases, including cancer. Both men and women over 50 years of age are at risk.

This disease is considered insidious because it is difficult to diagnose in the initial stages of development. The first signs of the disease can be easily confused with ordinary gastrointestinal disorders. Later, pain is added to these sensations during the development of oncology, especially when a person feels a feeling of hunger and heaviness. The patient feels weak, loses his appetite and experiences depression. These symptoms are associated with the process of intoxication.

A person with duodenal cancer has a much greater chance of a normal outcome if the tumor is detected in the primary stages of development. To make an accurate diagnosis, an endoscopy and a biopsy of the affected area of ​​the intestine are performed, and a complex of laboratory tests (CBC, etc.) is also connected to them. After this, an urgent operation must be performed to remove the tumor and the lymph nodes closest to it.

From all of the above, a simple and logical conclusion can be drawn. The duodenum is, like all organs, a very important part of our body. It performs complex and important functions in the digestive system, so every person should be attentive to their food preferences - if possible, exclude unhealthy foods from their diet and give up bad habits. After all, it is much easier to prevent diseases than to then go to the doctors and stay in the hospital in the hope of overcoming them.

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Interesting

According to its purpose, it performs many functions. It is the initial section of the small intestine, but is anatomically connected to the stomach, liver and pancreas through the ducts of Oddi entering the sphincter. Therefore, diseases of the duodenum have their “roots” in disruption of the functioning of different parts of the digestive tract.

What reasons necessitate the identification of duodenal pathology?

Statistics indicate a “younger” appearance of patients with diseases of the duodenal zone and an increase in prevalence among schoolchildren. The relevance of studying the structure and pathophysiology of the organ is associated with the need to determine the method of damage to the intestine and select methods of optimal treatment.

Favorable results of therapy at the level of the duodenum make it possible to prevent dysfunction and problems of the organs involved. There is no separate classification of the pathology of this particular intestine. In the ICD, diseases of the duodenum are included in the same class as diseases of the esophagus and stomach.

Clinicians divide them according to etiological principles:

• for dyskinesia (functional disorders);
• inflammation (duodenitis);
• peptic ulcer;
• malignant tumors;
• structural anomalies.

Developmental anomalies include: congenital stenosis, diverticulum (protrusion) of the wall. They occur rarely and accompany other defects of the digestive system.

Brief Anatomy and Function

The history of medicine tells that the name of the duodenum comes from its length, equal to the width of 12 fingers. Let us immediately note that the fingers must have been very thick, since it is 30 cm long. It is delimited from the stomach by the pyloric sphincter. According to their location, taking into account the bends, 4 sections are distinguished.

The sphincter of Oddi forms the internal papilla in the descending zone. The ducts of the gallbladder and pancreas come together here. The inner mucous membrane is covered with villi; between the epithelial cells there are goblet cells that produce mucus. The muscle layer provides motor skills and tone.

The main tasks of the body:

• neutralization of gastric juice by the incoming contents of the pancreas and chemical treatment of the food bolus;
• further crushing of food particles, creating conditions for more complete access of intestinal bacteria in the underlying sections of the intestine;
• regulation, through feedback from brain centers, of the amount of required production and supply of pancreatic enzymes;
• coordination with the stomach of the “order” for juice synthesis.

Violation of these functions leads to the manifestation of clinical symptoms in diseases of the duodenum.

Helicobacter is able to pass into the intestine from the pyloric part of the stomach with antral gastritis, peptic ulcer

Causes of defeat

The causes of diseases of the duodenum are practically no different from the general damaging factors of the digestive organs:

A person who has 2 or more causes is highly likely to be affected by damage to the duodenum. We will look at the main signs of pathology using examples of individual diseases.

Major diseases

Dyskinesia

Disruptions in nervous activity and stress overload lead to the disease. Damage to the innervation is possible during gastric surgery. Another name is “duodenostasis”.

The essence of the violations: the contents are retained in the intestine and do not reach other parts. The patient develops: dull arching pain in the epigastrium, in the hypochondrium on the right, nausea and loss of appetite, prolonged constipation.

Duodenitis

Inflammation of the duodenum (duodenitis) occurs in acute or chronic form. Acute - occurs within three days if a person takes some strong medications, herbal tinctures, or accompanies. Chronic - practically never isolated. Accompanies cholecystitis, pancreatitis.

Manifests: abdominal pain without precise localization, aching in nature, without irradiation. Patients feel worse on an empty stomach, early in the morning. After eating, 40 minutes later there is an improvement. Constipation is typical. The long process is accompanied by blockage and spasm of the sphincter of Oddi, cramping pain, and vomiting. With duodenitis, pain in the epigastrium and around the navel is possible.

Bulbit

The disease is a type of duodenitis. The inflammation is localized in the uppermost part of the duodenum - the bulb, so it often “continues” gastritis. According to the form they are distinguished: catarrhal and erosive, according to the course - acute and chronic. With the catarrhal variant, the pain is aching in nature, rarely cramping. Appear on an empty stomach or at night. Accompanied by heartburn, sour belching, bad breath, a feeling of bitterness, and nausea.

Erosive - characterized by prolonged, debilitating dull pain in the epigastrium that appears several hours after eating. There is vomiting with bile, belching with bitterness.

Patients complain of general weakness, insomnia, drooling, and headaches.

Morphological studies show the presence of cracks and macerations against the background of hyperemic, inflamed mucosa. It is important that they are only in the superficial layer and do not penetrate the muscle wall. For a chronic course, periods of exacerbations in spring and autumn are typical, the rest of the time there is a lull (remission).

Ulcer

Duodenal ulcer is observed as a complication and the next stage of duodenitis, erosive bulbitis. The prevalence is higher among women than men.

In a morphological study, it differs from erosion by deeper penetration, damage to the muscle layer, blood vessels

In severe cases, it can cause bleeding, perforation of the wall (perforation), and penetration into a neighboring organ. It is most often localized in the bulb. It is possible to form two ulcers lying on opposite walls (“kissing” in the terminology of radiologists).

• by itching of the skin, the appearance of acne;
• constipation or diarrhea;
• dryness and pigmentation of the skin;
• bloating and rumbling stomach;
• pain in joints and muscles;
• tendency to allergic reactions;
• weight loss;
• restless sleep with frequent awakenings;
• increased frequency of colds due to decreased immunity.

Helminths feed on the contents of the intestines, some penetrate through the wall into the blood

Neoplasms

Malignant and benign neoplasms in the duodenum are a rare find. Of the benign ones, the growth of adenomas, fibroadenomas, papillomas, lipomas, hemangiomas, and neurofibromas is important. Tumors of the duodenal papilla occur. In appearance they may resemble pedunculated polyps. Identifies single or multiple.

They are asymptomatic and discovered by chance. If they reach large sizes, they cause symptoms of mechanical intestinal obstruction and obstructive jaundice (compression of the bile ducts).

Duodenal cancer accounts for only 0.25-0.3% of all localizations of malignant tumors of the digestive system. Most cases occur in the descending area above and around the duodenal papilla, least of all in the bulb.

Older men are more likely to get sick. The possibility of transformation from an ulcer and a benign tumor has been proven. The cancerous tumor is a late metastasizing type. The nearest lymph nodes, pancreas, and liver grow. Other metastases are rare.

Clinical signs:

• excruciating pain;
• loss of appetite and exhaustion;
• signs of mechanical obstruction (severe vomiting, dehydration);
• decay causes severe bleeding;
• yellowness of the skin and sclera.

Intestinal obstruction

Symptoms of duodenal diseases can manifest as obstruction in this area of ​​the small intestine. She is called:

• congenital developmental anomalies;
• atypical turn;
• inverted shape;
• increased mobility;
• blockage by a tumor of the duodenum or compression by a neoplasm of the pancreas;
• stone migration.

Hernia

A hernia is a characteristic protrusion of the intestinal wall. It is more often found in people over 50 years of age who lead a sedentary lifestyle. Formed as a result of loss of muscle tone. The disease can be suspected if the patient has gastroesophageal reflux. Patients complain of heartburn, especially at night, belching, and flatulence.

Main types of diagnostics

In the diagnosis of diseases of the duodenum, the following are used: a blood test - allows you to judge the intensity of inflammation, identify anemia, the reaction of feces to occult blood, examination of feces for worm eggs, methods for detecting Helicobacter.

If there is yellowness of the skin, be sure to examine the blood for viral hepatitis, liver tests, and enzymes. Fibrogastroduodenoscopy is also necessary - the main method of visual examination of the mucous membrane, identifying forms of inflammation, erosions, ulcers, and tumors.

A morphological examination of a piece of tissue taken during a biopsy is carried out, which helps to distinguish the growth of a malignant and benign neoplasm, as well as an ultrasound examination.

The X-ray method continues to be used in the clinic. An examination with a series of images is carried out after the patient ingests barium salt. On the recommendation of specialists, relaxation duodenography with a probe is used for an improved overview of the upper intestines.

Directions for treating diseases of the duodenum

Diseases of the upper small intestine must be treated in combination with other digestive organs. Strict adherence to the patient's diet is considered mandatory.

In the acute phase of bulbitis and ulcers, fasting is prescribed for 1–2 days. Maximum sparing of the organ is ensured in the future by excluding fried, salty, smoked, spicy and fatty foods from the diet; alcohol and carbonated drinks; strong coffee and tea.

The daily diet must include: boiled meat and fish, soups without spices, liquid porridges, low-fat cottage cheese, jelly. It is necessary to eat 6 times a day, in small portions. After 2 weeks, the diet is gradually expanded, but general restrictions for chronic diseases apply for the rest of your life.

In case of exacerbation, pureed dishes, well crushed, are recommended for several days.

Bed rest is necessary for patients with duodenitis, peptic ulcers, and tumors. If the patient’s condition is satisfactory, then you just need to get rid of physical activity and learn to cope with stressful situations.

Some diseases of the duodenum do not require treatment. These include: hernia, diverticula, structural anomalies, benign formations in the absence of clinical manifestations. Doctors perform annual fibrogastroduodenoscopy to monitor the dynamics of the pathology.

Treatment with medications

Medicines are prescribed on an etiological basis, taking into account the identified functional disorders. Infection with worms will require a course of therapy with anthelmintic drugs with control stool tests. Dyskinesia is treated with a regimen, diet, sedatives, and physiotherapy.

Confirmation of the presence of Helicobacter is an indication for a course of eradication with Amoxicycline, De-nol, Sumamed. For pain relief, the administration of antispasmodics is indicated. To protect the intestines, drugs should be prescribed by injection. For high acidity, antacids are prescribed: Maalox, Almagel, Gastal.

To restore the tone of the pyloric sphincter and motility, and relieve nausea, Omeprazole, Ranitidine, and Metoclopramide are used. Symptomatic medications (vitamins, choleretic drugs) will be needed for patients with a long-term chronic course of the disease.

Methyluracil has an anti-inflammatory effect, promotes the healing of erosions and ulcers

Chemotherapy for malignant neoplasms is carried out with cytostatic drugs that stop the reproduction and growth of cancer cells. Combination with radiation therapy helps delay tumor development.

Application of surgical methods

Surgical methods of treatment are certainly used for diseases such as tumors, hernias, cicatricial stenoses, changes in the structure of the duodenum, obstruction, long-term non-healing ulcers, and acute bleeding. Ineffective conservative therapy requires consultation with a surgeon.

Benign neoplasms and hernial protrusions are operated on only if they grow to a significant size and interfere with the passage of food. The most common types of operations are:

• vagotomy - excision of the adductor branch of the vagus nerve, often performed laparoscopically;
• removal of part of the stomach along with the duodenum (resection) and formation of a gastroenteroanastomosis with the jejunum;
• removal of the hernial sac and suturing of the wall.

When choosing a method, surgeons are guided by: the state of organ damage (erosions, deep bleeding ulcers), the age and concomitant diseases of the patient, and the prognostic risk of postoperative complications.

Resection of the stomach and affected duodenum practically cures up to 80% of patients

In cases of ulcer breakthrough or acute bleeding, surgery is performed according to emergency indications in order to save the patient’s life. Interventions are not equivalent in results. After vagotomy, relapses of the disease occur in 1/3 of patients.

In case of malignant neoplasm of the duodenum, surgical tactics are selected depending on the location of the tumor. In addition to bowel resection, removal of the pancreatic head and duct may be necessary.

Folk remedies

Herbal medicine for diseases of the stomach and duodenum should support the directions of basic drug treatment. Healers recommend:

• decoction of oats, flaxseed;
• Drink warm chamomile tea daily;
• infuse a collection of marshmallow and licorice roots;
• alcohol or water tincture of propolis;
• oak bark decoction.

Sanatorium-resort treatment consolidates the results of therapy and restores the functions of the duodenum. The health resorts of Essentuki and Kislovodsk are suitable for this purpose. Natural mineral water and mud in the form of applications contain a natural complex of healing substances.

Diseases of the upper intestine rarely occur in isolation and are more often accompanied by other lesions of the digestive organs. Timely detection allows you to prevent serious consequences.

The treatment of duodenitis is carried out by a gastroenterologist, and in his absence, by a therapist. Along with medicinal methods, physiotherapeutic procedures and folk remedies are used to eliminate inflammation and restore the functions of the duodenum.

Classification

Based on where the inflammatory process is detected, duodenitis can be:

• widespread - throughout the duodenal mucosa;
• localized - inflammation is observed in certain areas.

The latter type of disease may have a specific name:

• Bulbit is an inflammation of the duodenal bulb, that is, its uppermost wide section.
• Sphincteritis - the inflammatory process is localized near the sphincter of Oddi, that is, the smooth muscle that controls the volume of digestive juice coming from and.
• Papillitis - the area of ​​the papilla of Vater is inflamed, that is, the area on the mucous membrane on which the ducts of the pancreas and gallbladder are located.
• Distal duodenitis is an inflammation of the area where the duodenum passes into the small intestine.

Another classification of the disease is based on the nature of its course; duodenitis can be:

1. Acute - severe short-term inflammation of the mucous membrane, which develops due to poisoning or viral infection (viral hepatitis A, dysentery, salmonellosis, cholera).
2. Chronic – long-term inflammation of the mucous membrane, in which periods of remission alternate with exacerbations. According to the depth of damage to the walls of the duodenum, this type of duodenitis can be superficial (the mucous membrane is inflamed), atrophic (the mucous membrane is thinned, the glands are damaged), erosive (the intestinal walls are damaged, there are erosions), phlegomonic (with areas of suppuration).

Causes of pathology

Inflammation of the duodenum can develop due to many reasons, including:

Determining the cause of duodenitis is necessary to prescribe adequate treatment. Sometimes the disease is caused by several factors at once, for example, poor nutrition in combination with the proliferation of Helicobacter.

Symptoms

Symptoms of inflammation of the duodenum are determined by the characteristics and depth of damage to the walls. The main manifestation of the disease is abdominal pain. With superficial duodenitis, when only the mucous membrane is inflamed, discomfort appears in the area above the navel.

Atrophic damage, accompanied by damage to the glandular digestive ducts and thinning of the epithelial layer, can be accompanied by minor pain or occur without it. Symptoms of general malaise come first: fatigue, weakness, dizziness.

With erosive duodenitis, the pain is sharp and pronounced, occurs in the upper abdomen, and intensifies when the stomach is empty.

In addition to pain, all forms of the disease are characterized by the following symptoms:

• decreased or complete lack of appetite;
• nausea, which in most patients occurs after eating;
• single vomiting (rarely, in severe cases – multiple);
• acute duodenitis is accompanied by an increase in body temperature to 39 °C;
• bitter belching;
• prolonged bouts of hiccups (up to half an hour or longer);
• and bloating;
• increased heart rate;
• with erosions - bleeding.

Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum most often worsens in spring and autumn. The more severe the damage to the walls of the organ, the more pronounced the symptoms.

Who is susceptible to the disease?

Research confirms that young men are more likely than other groups to experience elevated levels. Reduced levels of hydrochloric acid are found in women and patients with giardiasis.

According to statistics, both men and women are equally susceptible to acute duodenitis. This form occurs due to poisoning and viral infections - diseases that affect patients of both sexes.

Chronic duodenitis most often develops in men aged 30 to 50 years. This may be due to both increased stomach acidity, which is a favorable condition for the development of certain pathogenic bacteria, and lifestyle habits.

It has been proven that inflammation of the mucous membrane of the duodenum is caused by smoking (exposure to tobacco smoke), eating on the run, frequent consumption of fatty and spicy foods, and alcohol.

Diagnostics

Before starting treatment for inflammation of the duodenum, the doctor conducts a diagnosis and finds out the cause of the disease. After talking with the patient and clarifying the complaints, he palpates the abdominal area: soreness is detected in the upper part.

To confirm suspicion of duodenitis, the patient is sent for additional examinations:

• (phagogastroduodenoscopy) – examination of the digestive organs using a probe;
• digestive organs;
• determination of the acidity level of gastric juice, biochemical study;
• stomach and duodenum;
• coprogram - laboratory examination of stool;
• biochemical blood test.

If the doctor suspects an oncological tumor, during FGDS, sections of the affected tissue are taken for laboratory testing (biopsy). For differential diagnosis, CT and MRI of the digestive organs may additionally be prescribed.

Treatment methods for duodenal inflammation

Acute inflammation of the duodenum requires emergency treatment. First of all, the digestive tract is washed with special solutions to remove food debris and toxins. Next, drug therapy is prescribed. Folk remedies are used in addition to traditional ones; they help eliminate pain and reduce inflammation, but do not affect the cause of the disease.

Traditional methods

Traditional treatment for inflammation of the gastric and duodenal mucosa involves taking medications and following a diet.

The following groups of drugs are prescribed:

When the exacerbation of the disease is eliminated, a course of physiotherapeutic procedures can be carried out. Paraffin baths, UHF, diathermy, electrophoresis with novocaine are prescribed.

Phlegmonous duodenitis is treated surgically. Using tampons and drains, pus is removed, and antibiotics are injected into the retroperitoneal tissue.

Traditional methods

Treatment of inflammation of the duodenum with traditional methods helps reduce inflammation and pain and restore digestion faster.

The following remedies are effective:

• Add 1 tsp to a glass of boiling water. , wait 20 minutes. Take small sips in the morning on an empty stomach. The course of therapy is 1 month.
• Grind half a kilogram of sea buckthorn, add half a liter of vegetable oil. Leave for a week in a closed container, grind through a sieve. Take 1 tbsp. l. every day for a month.
• Prepare an infusion of St. John's wort. Drink in small sips on an empty stomach, 1 glass per day. Duration of treatment – ​​1 month.
• Squeeze juice from plantain stems and leaves. Mix it 2 tbsp. l. from 1 tbsp. l. honey Take 1 tsp. means on an empty stomach every day for a month.

Complications of duodenitis

Inflammation of the duodenum can lead to a number of complications. The most common occurrences are bleeding from sites of injury, ulcers, and periduodenitis.

In rare cases, the disease leads to stenosis of the gastric pylorus, the development of malignant tumors, and a decrease in the acidity of gastric juice. Due to the death of tissues and glandular ducts, duodenal hormonal insufficiency (lack of hormones) may develop. Phlegmous duodenitis can lead to peritonitis and sepsis.

Prevention

To prevent the development of duodenitis, it is necessary to eliminate the factors that cause it. First of all, you need to balance your diet, excluding fatty, spicy and smoked foods. You will also need to stop smoking, drinking alcohol, and using medications without medical supervision.

An important role in the prevention of duodenitis is played by the timely detection and elimination of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. If there are no complaints, one visit to a gastroenterologist and one endoscopic examination per year is sufficient.

Diet

A diet for inflammation of the stomach and duodenum during an exacerbation involves avoiding any foods that irritate the mucous membrane. Spicy, fatty and fried foods, spices, strong broths, vegetables, fruits, bread and fresh pastries are prohibited. The diet consists of slimy soups made from semolina, oatmeal or rice, steam soufflés, liquid porridges, omelettes, jelly, and honey.

After 10-14 days, when the exacerbation is relieved, the list of permitted products becomes wider. You can eat cutlets, dumplings and meatballs made from fish or meat, steamed, pureed soups. You can gradually introduce cooked vegetables and fruits, cottage cheese, and eggs into your diet.

Even during the period of remission, you should not eat spicy, fried and fatty foods, canned food, foods with food additives, and carbonated drinks.

Inflammation of the duodenum is called duodenitis. This disease is manifested by pain and digestive disorders. Treatment is based on medication, physiotherapy and traditional methods. In rare cases, with a purulent complication, surgery is required.

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