Will have ed time. Future Perfect: examples of use

- I will have done it by Monday. (I'll do it before Monday) where will — auxiliary verb denoting the future + have- perfect auxiliary verb - V3/Ved- past participle of the main verb (Past Participle or Participle II).

Using the Future Perfect

English time Future Perfect used to express a future action that will be completed before a certain point in future.

I will have translated
the articles by the end of the week. I will translate the articles by the end of the week.

He 'll have been 30 by the end of the next month. He will turn 30 before the end of next month.

Our courier will have given you my parcel by the weekend. Our courier will deliver your parcel to you before this weekend.

Future Perfect. Examples:

I will have gone to the cinema by that time. By then I will have gone to the cinema.

? Will she have come by that time? Will she come before then?

- No will not have told me this story by midday. He won't tell me this story until noon.

Marker words for Future Perfect

by 5 o'clock tomorrow(until 5 o'clock tomorrow), when he comes back(when he returns) by the time he comes back(until the time he returns).

THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Future perfect tense

Affirmative form of Future Perfect
+

Structure
You(you you) We(We) They(They) He(He) She(she) It(he, she, it - about animals and objects)	will have V3/Ved
Examples	Translation
I will have got the keys by next week.	I will receive the keys before next week.
We will have given up smoking by Monday.	We will quit smoking by Monday.
They will have left for England by the time you arrive.	They will leave for England before you arrive.
He will have watched all the cartoons at 7 p.m.	He will watch all the cartoons before 7 o'clock evenings.
Shewill have eaten her pizza by the time you cook spaghetti.	She'll eat all the pizza before you do. cook spaghetti.

Interrogative form of Future Perfect
?

Structure
	you(you you) we(We) they(They) he(He) she(she) it(it)	have V3/Ved?
Examples		Translation
Will I have got the keys by next week?		Will I receive my keys before next week?
Will you have given up smoking by Monday?		Will you quit smoking by Monday?
Will they have left for England by the time you arrive?		Will they leave for England before you arrive?
Will he have watched all the cartoons by 7 p.m?		Will he watch all the cartoons before 7 pm?
Will she have eaten her pizza by the time you cook spaghetti?		She'll eat all the pizza before you do. will you cook spaghetti?

Wh-?
Special questions in Future Perfect

(start with special words)

Structure
How many (much, far...)		you(you you) we(We) they(They) he(He) she(she) it(it)	have V3/ved?
Examples		Translation
What will they have done by the weekend?		What will they do before the weekend?
What document will he have signed by the time are we coming?		What document will he sign before we Shall we come?
How much will they have spent by the time?		How much will they spend before then?

Negative form
Future Perfect
—

Interrogative-negative form
Future Perfect
(Speaking)
?-

Schematically the structure of the sentence in Future Perfect can be shown like this:

+
S + will have V3/Ved.

?
Will + S + have V3/Ved?

Wh - ?
Wh + will + S + have V3/Ved?

–
S + won’t + have V3/Ved.

? –
Won't + S + have V3/Ved?

Such a scheme for time Future Perfect You can print it out and paste it into a notebook together with others, for example. You will get a ready-made cheat sheet, where everything is short and concise.

Many people think that Future Perfect(complete tense) belongs to the most difficult group of English tenses (Perfect), so it is not easy to master.

But this is not so, and now you will see everything for yourself.

This tense is used when you want to say that you will do something by a certain time in the future. For example: “I will lose weight by summer. She will have finished her report by Wednesday. We'll fix the car before dad comes."

As you can see, we say that in the future we will get a certain result in the future, so this is perfect - perfect tense.

Knowing this tense will significantly diversify your speech and make it richer.

In this article I will explain to you when to use the Future Perfect and how to correctly construct sentences in this tense.

From the article you will learn:

If you are not familiar with the times of the Perfect group, then I advise you to start with the following articles:

Rules for using the Future Perfect tense in English

When we use Future Perfect

1. We use the Future Perfect tense (future perfect/finished) when we say that we will finish something (get a result) by a certain point in time in the future.

For example: I will read this book by the weekend.

2. This tense can also be used to say that one action will end before another occurs.

For example: They will clean the apartment before their parents arrive.

As you can see, understanding the use of this time is very simple. Let's look at a clear example again.

For example, today you are thinking about writing a book, or maybe you have already started writing one. And you tell your friends that by the end of the year (a month, a week, etc.) you will write it. That is, you will have a finished result - a written book.

So that you do not confuse the Future Perfect tense with other future tenses, let's look at their differences.

Difference between Future Perfect, Future Simple and Future Continuous

All these 3 times are very easy to distinguish. Let's see how they differ.

Difference between Future Simple and Future Perfect

Future Simple is translated as "future simple".

We use it when we talk about an action that will happen in the future. Read more about this time.

Let's look at an example:

I will fly to New York.
I'll fly to New York.

In this sentence we are talking about action as fact that will happen in the future.

Now let's look at the sentence in the Future Perfect:

In this sentence you are saying that by a certain time in the future (Friday), the action will have ended and you will receive result- you will be in New York City.

Difference between Future Continuous and Future Perfect

Future Continuous is translated as "future continuous".

We use this tense when we want to emphasize duration of action. That is, the action will begin in the future and will last for some time. You can find out more about this time in this article.

Let's look at an example:

I will be flying to New York this time.
I will be flying to America at this time.

That is, we say that in the future we will board a plane and will be in the process of flying for some time.

Let's go back to our sentence in Future Perfect:

I will have flown to New York by Friday.
I'll be in New York by Friday.

You don’t care how long you will be in flight, that is, the duration/process of the action. Is important to you result- your landing and location in New York.

Tenses comparison table: Future Perfect, Future Simple and Future Continuous

Time	Example	What do we focus on?
Future Simple	I will clean my room. I'll clean my room.	We talk about an action as a fact that will happen in the future.
Future Continuous	I will be cleaning my room for 2 hours. I will clean my room for 2 hours.	We emphasize the duration of an action that will occur in the future. That is, the action will begin in the future and will continue for some time.
Future Perfect	I will have cleaned my room by evening. I will clean my room by evening.	We say that the action will end at a certain point in the future, and we will get the result.

Formation of the Future Perfect tense in English

Sentences in the completed future tense are formed using:

• of the auxiliary verb have, which we putin the future tense, adding will to it. It turns out will have;
• verb in the past tense.

Verbs in the past tense

We put verbs in the Future Perfect in the past tense. There are regular and irregular verbs in English. Depending on the verb, this form is formed as follows:

• if the verb is correct, then we add the ending -ed to it: cook - cooked, finish - finished.
• if the verb is irregular, then we put it in the 3rd form: do - done, eat - eaten

There is no rule by which we can determine the correct or irregular verb in front of us. You can only find out by looking it up in a dictionary or memorizing it.

The same is true with forms of irregular verbs. You need to memorize them or look them up in the dictionary.

Scheme for forming an affirmative sentence in the Future Perfect (future perfect tense):

Actor + will have + regular verb ending -ed or 3rd form of irregular verb

I
You
We		read
They	will have	finished
She		cooked
He
It

I will have cleaned our home by the time you come.
I'll clean our house by the time you come.

She will have passed her exams by the end of summer.
She will take her exams by the end of the summer.

Complex sentences in the Future Perfect

If you are talking about an action that will be completed before some other action occurs in the future, then:

• in the first part we use the Future Perfect (future complete) - we are talking about an action that we will complete in the future
• in the second part of the sentence we use the present tense ( Present Simple) - we are talking about an action that will happen after.

Wherein the verb (action) in the part where we use the Present Simple will be in the initial form.

For example:

I will have read this article before you return.
I'll read this article before you come back.

If in the second part the character is he she it, we add ending -s to our verb (action):

They will have cooked dinner by the time she come s.
They will have dinner ready by the time she arrives.

Abbreviations

We can shorten will in such a sentence

will = "ll

For example:

They "ll have built a house by the winter.
They will build a house for winter.

Words used in the future completed tense

Very often in the Future Perfect tense we use the following expressions:

by…- To…
by the end of…- by the end…
by the time…- by the time when…
by then- by that time
before- before
when- When

She will have finished it by the end of month.
She will finish it by the end of the month.

They will have built this house by then.
They will have built this house by then.

We will have fixed it by Monday.
We'll have it fixed by Monday.

Negative sentences in the Future Perfect in English

To say that you will not complete an action by a certain point, we use negation.

To form a negative sentence in the future completed tense, we add the negative particle not to the auxiliary verb will.

Scheme of a negative sentence in the Future Perfect:

Actor + will + not + have + regular verb ending -ed or 3rd form of irregular verb

I
You
We			read
They	will not	have	finished
She			cooked
He
It

He will not have repaired a car by then.
He won't fix the car by then.

We will not have read an article by the time she calls.
We won't have read the article by the time she calls.

Reduction

We can shorten will and not like this:

will + not = won't

For example:

They won't have finished his work by evening.
He won't finish his work by evening.

Interrogative sentences in the Future Perfect in English

To ask whether something will be finished by a certain time, we put will first in the sentence.

Scheme of an interrogative sentence in the Future Perfect:

Will + actor + have + regular verb ending -ed or 3rd form of irregular verb

	I
	you
	we		read?
Will	they	have	finished?
	she		cooked?
	he
	it

Will they have painted the walls before we return?
Will they paint the walls before we get back?

Will she have watched the movie by then?
Will they have seen the film by then?

Answers to the question in Future Perfect

The answer to the question can be positive or negative.

We can also give:

• short answer
• full answer

Short positive answer in the future perfect tense contains the word yes, the actor and the auxiliary verb will have:

Will will have.
Will they do it by Friday? Yes.

Short negative answer starts with no, and to will we add the particle not.

Will won't have.
Will they do it by Friday? No.

Complete positive answer looks like an affirmative sentence, only at the very beginning we put yes.

Will they have done it by Friday? Yes, they will have done it by Friday .
Will they do it by Friday? Yes, they will do it by Friday.

Complete negative answer looks like a negative sentence, only at the very beginning we put no.

Will they have done it by Friday? No, they won't have done it by Friday .
Will they do it by Friday? No, they won't do it by Friday.

So, we have analyzed the Future Perfect tense. Let's practice making sentences in this tense.

Reinforcement task

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. He will buy a new car by then.
2. She won't prepare dinner before we arrive.
3. Will they finish this project by the end of the year?
4. He will paint this picture by Friday.
5. We will not translate the article by 5 o'clock.
6. Will you be back by the time we leave?

The future perfect continuous is the future tense for processes completed in the future. It describes an activity towards a future point, emphasizing its duration.

The pre-future continuous tense is formed from the future be + have been+ present participle. Pre-future-long-term denial - will/shall not/ won't /shan't.

He will be tired because he will have been exercising so hard – Hegets tired, That's whyWhatintenselyexercising

will/shall have been + -ing

will sb have been doing sth	sb will have been doing sth	sb won't have been doing sth

Values ​​b future perfect continuous

• future preprocesses

You will have been waiting for more than 2 hours when her plane finally arrives – Youyou'll waitarrivalherflightmore2 hours

They will have been talking for over an hour by the time Thomas arrives – KarrivalThomasTheythey'll talkmorehours

James will have been teaching at the university for more than a year by the time he leaves for Asia – KotimedepartureVAsiaJameswillteachVuniversitylongerof the year

How long will you have been studying when you graduate? - How manyYoumoreyou'll studybeforerelease?

Neighboring times

As a result of the fusion of the future perfect and the future continuous, the future perfect continuous tense emphasizes both the effectiveness and duration of an activity. With verbs live, work, teach, feel You can use the pre-future and the future continuous equally. However, as a longer tense than the perfect tense, the pre-continuous avoids other static verbs. Therefore, this time is a dynamic version of the pre-future.

She’ll have been working here for 10 years soon – SoonshealreadyHow10 yearswill workHere

By 2010, I will have been living in San Francisco for 20 years – K2010 II'll liveVSan-Francisco20 years

They might be tired when you see them because they’ll have been working hard – Theyprobablyget tired, WhenYoutheiryou'll see, - after allTheywill workonwear

By the end of next month, she will have been teaching for 20 years – Kendnextmonthsshewillteach20 years

No, I will not have been living here that long – No, IHereSofor a long timeNotwilllive

Temporaryindication

• conjunctions/prepositions

by, for, until/till, when

By the time they reach York, they will have been traveling for 4 hours – KarrivalVYorkTheywill pass4 hours

Jason will be tired when he gets home because he will have been jogging for over an hour – JasonwilltiredByreturnhome, That's whyWhatruns throughmorehours

You will only have been waiting for a few minutes when her plane arrives – Youyou'll waitherarrivalTotala coupleminutes

The mural will have been being painted by the famous artist for over 6 months by the time it is finished – Beforefinishingpaintingwillbe createdfamousartistmoresix months

By the year 2053, man will have been flying for 300 years – K2053 personwillflyalready300 years

The party will have been going for ages by the time we arrive – Kourarrivalpartywillgokisseternity

In just half an hour from now, we will have been working for 14 hours straight – Morehalf an hour- AndWelet's work it out14 hourscontract

I will have been working here for ten years next week – OnnextweekII'll work on itHere10 years

My father and I will have been breeding sheep for 20 years tomorrow – Tomorrow, my father and I will be breeding sheep for 20 years

English Joke

A young couple that had received many valuable wedding presents established their home in a suburb. One morning they received in the mail two tickets for a popular show in the city, with a single line:

"Guess who sent them."

The pair had much amusement in trying to identify the donor, but failed in the effort. They duly attended the theater, and had a delightful time. On their return home late at night, still trying to guess the identity of the unknown host, they found the house stripped of every article of value. And on the bare table in the dining-room was a piece of paper on which was written in the same hand as the enclosure with the tickets.

The future perfect tense is far from the most common tense form of expressing future events in English speech, since the scope of its use is quite narrow and specific. The predicate used in the Future Perfect form helps to express the fact that by a certain moment in the future the action will be completed, over. Consider the following example:

The example given shows a time gap between one action in the future ( we get to the cinema/we'll go to the cinema) and others ( the film will have started / the film will already begin). As can be judged from the given context, Future Perfect Tense serves to denote precedence in the future, it is a kind of “past in the future.” Well, now let's talk about everything in order.

Affirmative sentence

In order to understand the principle of the formation of sentences with a predicate in the future perfect tense, it is enough to know the features of the formation of tenses and, since this form combines elements of these two tense forms: auxiliary verb will and perfect infinitive (Infinitive Perfect) – haveV 3(where V 3 is the third form of the semantic verb or, in other words, the past participle).

will haveV 3

Sarahalways leaves for school at 7.30 in the morning, so she won’t be at home at 7.45 a.m. She'll have gone to school.	Sarah always leaves for school at 7.30 in the morning, so she won't be home at 7.45. She will go to school.
Next year Paul and Jessica will have been married for 40 years.	Next year there will bePaul and Jessica have been married for 40 years.
Ann usually has lunch at 12.30. It takes her about half an hour. So, at 1.15 she'll have already finished her lunch	Ann usually has lunch at 12.30. It takes her about half an hour. Therefore, at 1.15 she will have already finished her lunch.
I’m packing my suitcases for the journey. The taxi will come in two hours. By the time the taxi arrives I'll have packed my suitcases.	I'm packing my bags for the trip. The taxi will arrive in two hours. I'll have my bags packed by the time the taxi arrives.

Negation

To form a negative sentence with a predicate in the Future Perfect, you need to add the negative particle not to the auxiliary verb will. This will result in the following construction as a result of merging and abbreviating words:

won't have V 3

Questions

Different types of questions in the future perfect tense are formed, as in other tense forms, due to the base of the general question. General question, which is characterized by the absence of a question word and the need to answer Yes/No, is formed by setting the verb will before the subject.

Will + S + have V 3...?	Will John have repaired his car by the time Jane returns from her work? –Yes, he will.	Will John have repaired his car by the time Jane gets home from work?- Yes.
	Will you have had your breakfast at 8 o’clock? –No, I won't.	Will you have had breakfast by 8 o'clock? - No.

Special question It is distinguished by the presence at the very beginning of the sentence of a question word or interrogative construction, for example:

Alternative question containing a conjunction or/or, placed between two or more choice objects, is constructed identically to the structure of a general question, for example:

Question to the subject as a type of special question, it is distinguished by the apparent absence of the subject itself in the structure of the question, because the subject here is expressed by a question word Who (who)/What (what) , For example:

As can be judged from the last example, What can appear not only in the meaning of “what”, but also in the meaning of “which” in combination with a noun or a phrase containing a noun. Such a question will also belong to the group of questions to the subject.

Separated question, which usually helps to doubt the content of a certain sentence, consists of an auxiliary verb in the form won't And subject represented by a personal pronoun , if the base sentence does not contain a negation, for example:

and an auxiliary verb in the affirmative form will followed by a subject expressed by a pronoun if the base sentence contains a negation, for example:

Use

An action that will be completed completely by a certain point in time in the future or before the start of another action in the future - this is the only scope of application of the Future Perfect. Often such a limitation of one action in the future by another later action is indicated by the preposition by (to, to), by the time (by the time), before (before) , For example:

The future perfect tense, to some extent, is opposed to the future continuous (Future Continuous), which can be seen in the following table:

Future Perfect (will have V 3)	Future Continuous (will be Ving)
an action in the future will end at a certain point	action in the future continues at a certain point
Phone me after 8 o’clock. I'll have finished dinner by then.	Don’t phone me between 7 and 8 p.m. I'll be having dinner then.
Call me after 8 o'clock. By then I will have finished dinner.	Don't call me between 7 and 8 pm. Then I'll have dinner.

The future perfect tense is not very actively and variedly represented in sentences in English speech, but it is quite simple to form and use.

Future Perfect does not have many meanings, like, say, Future Simple, but for many it still remains unclear what the essence of Future Perfect is, if even without it in English there is a large selection of means for expressing future actions. Indeed, the Future Perfect is used less frequently, but this does not mean that this tense does not deserve our attention.

In classes, the Future Perfect is discussed superficially, and in theory it seems clear what actions it means and how it is formed. But why do we so rarely use it or replace it with other forms? The Future Perfect is one of those tenses that we tend to avoid using because we cannot understand in what situations it is appropriate and how it is fundamentally different from other tenses.

To understand what action the Future Perfect expresses, remember that all tenses of the Perfect group convey completed actions: for is a completed action at the present moment, for is a completed action at a certain point in the past, and the Future Perfect is used to express an action that will be completed at a certain point in the future.

In other words, if you want to communicate about the future result, use Future Perfect.

Considering how the tense Future Perfect is formed, note that the forms do not change by gender and person. Like the other Perfect tenses, the Future Complete forms require the use of the Past Participle or a third form of the verb, which we denote V3. To the form of the present completed tense have V3 we add will to show that the action will relate to the future:

We form negation using a negative particle not, which is added to will. (abbreviated won"t). The have V3 part remains unchanged:

In an interrogative sentence, the auxiliary verb will comes first in the sentence, and the part have V3 remains unchanged:

Since the time in question presupposes the completion of the action by a designated moment in the future, its main indicator is the word by - to (the indicated time):

By tomorrow - by tomorrow
by May - by May
by the time you come - by the time you come
by next summer - by next summer

Remember, the Present Perfect emphasizes the completion of an action, not the time at which it occurred. The situation is exactly the same with Future Perfect: it is not specified specifically at what time the action will be performed and by what time. If you want to say what time something will happen, you will need to use other means of expressing the future tense.

Surely you have a question: in what situations can I use this time? I propose to consider examples from life:

Your manager has given you an assignment and asks when it will be completed. You reply, “I’ll have it done by lunchtime tomorrow.” In English, to say this sentence you need the Future Perfect, since you are talking about an action that will be completed by a specified time in the future:

I will have done it by tomorrow afternoon. “I’ll have it done by tomorrow lunch.”

Your Internet was turned off, you called support and they promised you that the problem would be fixed by two hours (the action will be completed):

We will have fixed the bug by two o"clock. - We will fix the problem by two o'clock.

You arrange to meet a colleague in his office, you offer to make an appointment for 6 o'clock, but he says that he will have finished work by that time and will have already left the office:

I will have finished work by 6 o"clock. - I will have finished work by six o'clock.

I will have left the office by 6 o"clock. - I will already leave the office by six.

You have invited guests, you have a lot of work to do and you are planning to prepare your signature dish just in time for the guests to arrive and serve it hot. You plan the preparation time and come to the conclusion that by the time the guests arrive, the meal will already be ready:

The dish will have been ready by the time my guests arrive. — The dish will be ready when the guests arrive.

As can be seen from the last example, a certain moment in the future can be conveyed not only by a phrase with by, but also by another future action.

How not to confuse the Future Perfect with other future tenses?

Look at these sentences and think about which future tense should be used in each:

I'll come to work at nine o'clock.
I'll be at work at nine o'clock.
I will work at nine o'clock.

All of them refer to the future tense, each one includes a time: nine o'clock. However, the actions discussed in these proposals are completely different.

I'll be back at work by nine o'clock.- By a certain point in the future, the action will already be completed, you will already be at work. Therefore we use Future Perfect: I will have come to work by nine o"clock.

I'll be at work at nine o'clock.- Future action, statement of facts. We need : I will be at work at nine o"clock.

I will work at nine o'clock.— In this sentence we emphasize an action that will be in progress at some point in the future. Therefore, in order to translate correctly, we will use the tense: I will be working at nine o"clock.

Another tip: If you're in doubt about what tense to use, try inserting the word "already" into your sentence, which should emphasize the future outcome. If you see that “already” fits the meaning and really refers to the result (and not to the beginning of the process, for example), then most likely the sentence should be translated into Future Perfect.

Every day we talk about the results of actions in the future, about the deadlines for completing tasks, so do not ignore Future Perfect time, but use it correctly for its intended purpose! Good luck to you in the future!

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