What blood pressure is considered normal. Normal, optimal, working: what indicators of blood pressure are considered acceptable? General information about blood pressure settings for adults

Mankind owes a lot to the Italian Riva-Rocci, who at the end of the century before last came up with a device that measures blood pressure (BP). At the beginning of the last century, this invention was wonderfully supplemented by the Russian scientist N.S. Korotkov, proposing a method for measuring pressure in the brachial artery with a phonendoscope. Although Riva-Rocci apparatus was bulky compared to current tonometers and really mercury, but the principle of its operation has not changed for almost 100 years. And the doctors loved him. Unfortunately, now you can only see it in a museum, because compact (mechanical and electronic) devices of a new generation have come to replace it. And here auscultatory method N.S. Korotkov is still with us and is successfully used by both doctors and their patients.

Where is the norm?

The norm of blood pressure in adults is considered to be the value120/80 mmHg st. But how can this indicator be fixed if a living organism, which is a person, must constantly adapt to various conditions of existence? And people are all different, so within reasonable limits, blood pressure still deviates.

infographic: RIA Novosti

Although modern medicine has abandoned the previous complex formulas for calculating blood pressure, which took into account such parameters as gender, age, weight, however, there are still discounts for something. For example, for an asthenic "lightweight" woman, the pressure is 110/70 mm Hg. Art. considered quite normal, and if blood pressure rises by 20 mm Hg. Art., then she will certainly feel it. In the same way, a pressure of 130/80 mm Hg will be the norm. Art. for the trained young man. After all, athletes usually have it.

Fluctuations in blood pressure will still be influenced by factors such as age, physical activity, psycho-emotional environment, climatic and weather conditions. , perhaps, hypertension would not have suffered if he had lived in another country. How else to understand the fact that on the black African continent among the indigenous population of the AG can be found only occasionally, and blacks in the United States suffer from it indiscriminately? It turns out that only BP does not depend on race.

However, if the pressure rises slightly (10 mm Hg) and only to give a person the opportunity to adapt to the environment, that is, occasionally, all this is considered the norm and does not give reason to think about the disease.

With age, blood pressure also rises slightly. This is due to a change in blood vessels that deposit something on their walls. In practically healthy people, the deposits are quite small, so the pressure will increase by 10-15 mm Hg. pillar.

If the blood pressure values cross the line of 140/90 mm Hg. st., will steadfastly hold on to this figure, and sometimes also move upwards, such a person will be diagnosed with arterial hypertension of the appropriate degree, depending on the pressure values. Therefore, for adults there is no norm for blood pressure by age, there is only a small discount for age. But with children, things are a little different.

And what about children?

Blood pressure in children has different values than adults. And it grows, starting from birth, at first quite quickly, then growth slows down, with some upward jumps in adolescence, and reaches the level of adult blood pressure. Of course, it would be surprising if the pressure of such a small newborn child, having everything so "new", was 120/80 mm Hg. Art.

The structure of all organs of a newly born baby has not yet been completed, this also applies to the cardiovascular system. The vessels of the newborn are elastic, their lumen is wider, the network of capillaries is larger, so the pressure is 60/40 mm Hg. Art. it will be the norm for him. Although, perhaps, someone will be surprised by the fact that yellow lipid spots can be found in newborns in the aorta, which, however, do not affect health and disappear with time. But it is, digression.

As the baby develops and the further formation of his body, blood pressure rises and by the year of life the numbers 90-100 / 40-60 mm Hg will be normal. Art., and the child will reach the values of an adult only by the age of 9-10. However, at this age, the pressure is 100/60 mm Hg. Art. will be considered normal and will not surprise anyone. But in adolescents, the normal value of blood pressure is slightly higher than that established for adults 120/80. This is probably due to the hormonal surge characteristic of adolescence. To calculate normal blood pressure values in children, pediatricians use special table which we present to our readers.

Age	Normal minimum systolic pressure	Normal maximum systolic pressure	Normal low diastolic pressure	Normal maximum diastolic pressure
Up to 2 weeks	60	96	40	50
2-4 weeks	80	112	40	74
2-12 months	90	112	50	74
2-3 years	100	112	60	74
3-5 years	100	116	60	76
6-9 years old	100	122	60	78
10-12 years old	110	126	70	82
13-15 years old	110	136	70	86

BP problems in children and adolescents

Unfortunately, such a pathology as arterial hypertension is no exception for the child's body. The lability of blood pressure is most often manifested in adolescence, when the body is being restructured, but the puberty period is dangerous because a person at this time is not yet an adult, but not a child either. This age is also difficult for the person himself, because often it leads to pressure surges. instability of the nervous system teenager, and for his parents, and for the attending physician. However, pathological deviations should be noticed and leveled in time. This is the task of adults.

The causes of high blood pressure in children and adolescents can be:

As a result of these factors, vascular tone increases, the heart begins to work with a load, especially its left section. If urgent measures are not taken, a young person can meet his majority with a ready-made diagnosis: arterial hypertension or, at best, one type or another.

Measurement of pressure at home

We have been talking about blood pressure for quite some time, implying that all people know how to measure it. It seems nothing complicated, we put a cuff above the elbow, pump air into it, slowly release it and listen.

Everything is correct, but before moving on to the blood pressure of adults, I would like to dwell on the algorithm for measuring blood pressure, since patients often do it on their own and not always according to the method. As a result, inadequate results are obtained, and, accordingly, the unreasonable use of antihypertensive drugs. In addition, people, talking about upper and lower blood pressure, do not always understand what it all means.

For the correct measurement of blood pressure, it is very important in what conditions a person is. In order not to get "random numbers", pressure is measured in America, observing the following rules:

A comfortable environment for a person whose pressure is of interest should be at least 5 minutes;
Do not smoke or eat for half an hour before the manipulation;
Visit the toilet so that the bladder is not full;
Take into account tension, pain, feeling unwell, taking medication;
Measure pressure twice on both hands in the prone position, sitting, standing.

Probably, each of us will not agree with this, except that such a measurement is suitable for the military registration and enlistment office or in strict stationary conditions. Nevertheless, it is necessary to strive to fulfill at least some points. For example, it would be nice to measure the pressure in calm environment , having comfortably laid or seated a person, take into account the influence of a “good” smoke break or just eaten hearty lunch. It should be remembered that the accepted antihypertensive might not yet have had its effect (little time has passed) and not grab the next pill, seeing a disappointing result.

A person, especially if he is not completely healthy, usually does not cope well with measuring pressure on himself (it costs a lot to put on a cuff!). It is better if one of the relatives or neighbors does it. Very seriously need to treat And to the method of measuring blood pressure.

Video: measuring pressure with an electronic tonometer

Cuff, blood pressure monitor, phonendoscope… systole and diastole

The algorithm for determining blood pressure (N.S. Korotkov's auscultatory method, 1905) is very simple if everything is done correctly. The patient is comfortably seated (you can lie down) and the measurement begins:

Air is released from the cuff connected to the tonometer and the pear, squeezing it with the palms of your hands;
Wrap the cuff around the patient's arm above the elbow (tightly and evenly), trying to keep the rubber connecting tube on the side of the artery, otherwise you can get an incorrect result;
Choose a place to listen and install a phonendoscope;
Inflate the cuff;
The cuff, when air is injected, compresses the arteries due to its own pressure, which is 20-30 mm Hg. Art. above the pressure at which the sounds heard on the brachial artery with each pulse wave completely disappear;
Slowly releasing air from the cuff, listen to the sounds of the artery on the elbow bend;
The first sound heard by the phonendoscope is fixed with a glance on the scale of the tonometer. It will mean a breakthrough of a portion of blood through the clamped area, since the pressure in the artery slightly exceeded the pressure in the cuff. The impact of escaping blood against the wall of an artery is called in Korotkov's tone, top or systolic pressure;
The series of sounds, noises, tones following the systole is understandable to cardiologists, and ordinary people should catch the last sound, which is called diastolic or lower, it is also noted visually.

Thus, contracting, the heart pushes blood into the arteries (systole), creates pressure on them equal to the upper or systolic pressure. Blood begins to be distributed through the vessels, which leads to a decrease in pressure and relaxation of the heart (diastole). This is the last, lower, diastolic beat.

However, there are nuances…

Scientists have found that when measuring blood pressure by the traditional method, its values are 10% different from the true ones (direct measurement in the artery during its puncture). Such an error is more than redeemed by the accessibility and simplicity of the procedure, moreover, as a rule, one measurement of blood pressure in the same patient is not enough, and this makes it possible to reduce the magnitude of the error.

In addition, patients do not differ in the same complexion. For example, in thin people, the determined values are lower. And for full ones, on the contrary, it is higher than in reality. This difference can be leveled by a cuff with a width of more than 130 mm. However, there are not just fat people. Obesity of 3-4 degrees often makes it difficult to measure blood pressure on the arm. In such cases, the measurement is carried out on the leg, using a special cuff for this.

There are cases when, with the auscultatory method of measuring blood pressure, in the interval between the upper and lower blood pressure in the sound wave, there is a break (10-20 mm Hg or more), when there are no sounds above the artery (complete silence), but on the vessel itself there is a pulse. This phenomenon is called auscultatory "failure", which can occur in the upper or middle third of the pressure amplitude. Such a "failure" should not go unnoticed, because then a lower value of blood pressure (the lower limit of the auscultatory "failure") will be mistakenly taken as the value of systolic pressure. Sometimes this difference can even be 50 mm Hg. Art., which, of course, will greatly affect the interpretation of the result and, accordingly, the treatment, if any.

This error is highly undesirable and can be avoided. To do this, simultaneously with the injection of air into the cuff, the pulse on the radial artery should be monitored. It is necessary to increase the pressure in the cuff to values \u200b\u200bthat sufficiently exceed the level of disappearance of the pulse.

The phenomenon of "infinite tone" well known to teenage, sports doctors and in military enlistment offices when examining recruits. The nature of this phenomenon is considered to be a hyperkinetic type of blood circulation and low vascular tone, the cause of which is emotional or physical stress. In this case, it is not possible to determine the diastolic pressure, it seems that it is simply equal to zero. However, after a few days, in a relaxed state of a young man, the measurement of the lower pressure presents no difficulty.

Video: traditional pressure measurement

Blood pressure rises ... (hypertension)

The causes of high blood pressure in adults are not much different from those in children, but those who are over ... risk factors, of course, more:

Of course, leading to vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure;
BP clearly correlates with being overweight;
The level of glucose (diabetes mellitus) greatly affects the formation of arterial hypertension;
Excess consumption of table salt;
Life in the city, because it is known that the increase in pressure goes hand in hand with the acceleration of the pace of life;
Alcohol. Strong tea and coffee become the cause only when they are consumed in excessive quantities;
Oral contraceptives, which many women use to avoid unwanted pregnancies;
By itself, smoking, perhaps, would not be among the causes of high blood pressure, but this bad habit affects the vessels too badly, especially peripheral ones;
low physical activity;
Professional activity associated with high psycho-emotional stress;
Changes in atmospheric pressure, changes in weather conditions;
Many other diseases, including surgical ones.

People suffering from arterial hypertension, as a rule, control their condition themselves, taking constantly drugs to lower blood pressure, prescribed by a doctor in individually selected dosages. It could be, or. Given the good awareness of patients about their illness, it makes no sense to dwell on arterial hypertension, its manifestations and treatment.

However, everything once begins, and with hypertension. It is necessary to determine whether this is a one-time increase in blood pressure caused by objective reasons (stress, drinking alcohol in inadequate doses, certain drugs), or there has been a tendency to increase it on an ongoing basis, for example, blood pressure rises in the evening, after a hard day.

It is clear that the nightly rise in blood pressure indicates that during the day a person carries an excessive load for himself, so he must analyze the day, find the cause and begin treatment (or prevention). Even more in such cases, the presence of hypertension in the family should alert, since it is known that this disease has a hereditary predisposition.

If high blood pressure is detected repeatedly, even if in numbers 135/90 mm Hg. Art., it is advisable to start taking measures so that it does not become high. It is not necessary to immediately resort to medications, you can first try to regulate blood pressure by observing the regime of work, rest and nutrition.

A special role in this regard belongs, of course, to diet. Giving preference to products that lower blood pressure, you can do without pharmaceuticals for a long time, or even avoid taking them altogether, if you do not forget about folk recipes containing medicinal herbs.

By compiling a menu of such affordable products as garlic, white and Brussels sprouts, beans and peas, milk, baked potatoes, salmon fish, spinach, you can eat well and not feel hungry. And bananas, kiwi, orange, pomegranate can perfectly replace any dessert and at the same time normalize blood pressure.

Blood pressure is low… (hypotension)

Although low blood pressure is not fraught with such formidable complications as high blood pressure, it is uncomfortable for a person to live with him. Usually, such patients have a diagnosis, quite common today, of vegetative-vascular (neurocirculatory) dystonia of the hypotonic type, when, at the slightest sign of unfavorable conditions, blood pressure decreases, which is accompanied by pallor of the skin, dizziness, nausea, general weakness and malaise. Patients are thrown into a cold sweat, fainting may occur.

There are a great many reasons for this, the treatment of such people is very difficult and lengthy, besides, there are no drugs for permanent use, except that patients often drink freshly brewed green tea, coffee and occasionally take Eleutherococcus tincture, ginseng and pantocrine tablets. Again, the regimen helps to normalize blood pressure in such patients, and especially sleep, which requires at least 10 hours. Nutrition should be high enough in calories, because low blood pressure requires glucose. Green tea has a beneficial effect on blood vessels in case of hypotension, increasing pressure somewhat and thereby bringing a person to life, which is especially noticeable in the morning. A cup of coffee also helps, but be aware of the addictive property of the drink., that is, imperceptibly you can "get hooked" on it.

The complex of recreational activities for low blood pressure includes:

Healthy lifestyle (active rest, sufficient exposure to fresh air);
High physical activity, sports;
Water procedures (aroma baths, hydromassage, swimming pool);
Spa treatment;
Diet;
Elimination of provoking factors.

Help yourself!

If problems with blood pressure have begun, then you should not passively wait for the doctor to come and cure everything. The success of prevention and treatment largely depends on the patient himself. Of course, if you suddenly happen to be in a hospital with a hypertensive crisis, then there they will prescribe a blood pressure profile and pick up pills. But, when a patient comes to an outpatient appointment with complaints of an increased increase in pressure, then a lot will have to be taken on. For example, it is difficult to trace the dynamics of blood pressure from the words, therefore The patient is asked to keep a diary(at the stage of observation for the selection of antihypertensive drugs - a week, during a period of long-term use of drugs - 2 weeks 4 times a year, that is, every 3 months).

The diary can be an ordinary school notebook, divided into graphs for convenience. It should be remembered that the measurement of the first day, although performed, is not taken into account. In the morning (6-8 hours, but always before taking medication) and in the evening (18-21 hours), 2 measurements should be taken. Of course, it will be better if the patient is so careful that he measures the pressure every 12 hours at the same time.

Rest for 5 minutes, and if there was emotional or physical stress, then 15-20 minutes;
An hour before the procedure, do not drink strong tea and coffee, do not think about alcoholic beverages, do not smoke for half an hour (endure!);
Do not comment on the actions of the measurer, do not discuss the news, remember that there should be silence when measuring blood pressure;
Sit comfortably with your hand on a hard surface.
Carefully enter the values of blood pressure in a notebook, so that later you can show your notes to the attending physician.

You can talk about blood pressure for a long time and a lot, patients are very fond of doing this, sitting under the doctor's office, but you can argue, but you should not take advice and recommendations, because everyone has their own cause of arterial hypertension, their concomitant diseases and their medicine. For some patients, blood pressure lowering drugs are taken for more than one day, so it is better to trust one person - a doctor.

Video: blood pressure in the program “Live Healthy!”

If the pressure indicators deviate in one direction or another, the work of internal organs worsens in a person, discomfort occurs, which negatively affects performance. To avoid hypotension and hypertension, it is necessary to know the norms of human pressure depending on gender, age, general physical condition.

Human pressure depends on gender, age and individual characteristics

Pressure norms by age

Arterial pressure means the force with which blood presses on the vascular walls. The indicators are affected by gender, the constitution of a person, the level of physical activity, the numbers of blood pressure differ greatly over the years.

Minor fluctuations in data in a healthy person occur due to stress, overwork, lack of sleep, physical exertion, caffeinated drinks, spicy and salty foods can affect the value.

Basic blood pressure parameters:

Systolic, upper, cardiac - occurs at the time of ejection of blood from the heart. Optimal values are 110–130 mm Hg. Art.
Diastolic, lower, renal - displays the force of pressure in the vessels during a pause in heart contractions. Values should be between 80-89 mmHg.
If you subtract the lower readings from the upper readings, you get the pulse pressure. The average value is 35–40 units.

In addition to blood pressure, an indicator of health is the pulse, which shows the number of heartbeats. In an adult healthy person, the ideal pressure “like that of an astronaut” is 120/80, the pulse is 75 beats per minute. Professional athletes have normal values - 90-100 / 50-60 mm Hg. Art.

The norm of pressure and pulse in men and women

Age (years)	Systolic indicators (mm Hg)	Diastolic indicators (mm Hg. Art.)	Pulse (beats per minute)
0-12 months boys	96	66	130–140
0-12 months girls	95	65	130–140
2-10 boys	103	69	95–100
2–10 girls	103	70	95–100
11-20, boys	123	76	70–80
11–20, girls	116	72	70–80
21-30, men	129	81	60–80
21-30, women	127	80	65–90
31–40 men	129	81	70–80
31–40 women	127	80	75–85
41–50 men	135	83	70–80
41–50 women	137	84	75–90
51–60 men	142	85	65–75
51–60 women	144	84	65–80

In obese people, blood pressure is usually slightly higher than normal, with an asthenic physique, the data are below the average. For the elderly, over 60 years old, indicators of 145–150 / 79–83 mm Hg are considered optimal. Art. An increase in values is associated with damage to blood vessels by atherosclerotic plaques, the heart muscle wears out, pumping blood worse.

Arterial indicators - the value is purely individual, many people feel good with low and high rates. Therefore, each person needs to know his working pressure, fix the values at which the state of health worsens.

How to calculate pressure?

To find out the optimal pressure indicators, you can use the table, or the special formula of E.M. Volynsky. There are 2 types of standard calculations - with or without body weight.

Calculation formulas:

GARDEN 1=109+(0.5×n)+(0.1×m).
GARDEN 2=109+(0.4×n).
DBP 1=63+(0.1×n)+(0.15×m).
DBP 2=67=(0.3×n).

Where SBP is systolic values, DBP is blood pressure, n is the number of full years, m is body weight in kg.

The Volynsky formula is suitable for determining pressure in people aged 17–80 years.

In the absence of pathologies in pregnant women up to 6 months, the pressure should be within the average values, in accordance with age. Under the influence of hormones, deviations of up to 10 units are allowed.

How to measure blood pressure?

I use blood pressure monitors to measure blood pressure. The most accurate is a mechanical tonometer, which is used by doctors. It is difficult to use at home, since special skills are required to correctly listen to Korotkov tones. Automatic models are fixed on the elbow or wrist, they are easy to use, but there is a high probability of measurement errors.

The best option for self-measurement of blood pressure is a semi-automatic tonometer, which differs from the mechanical model only in the absence of a pump, the measurement results are displayed on an electronic screen, the error is minimal.

How to independently measure pressure with a mechanical tonometer:

Sit down, the back should be straight, lean on the back of the chair, put the feet on the floor.
Fix the cuff of the tonometer 3-4 cm above the elbow bend.
Put your hand on the table, it should be on the same level with the line of the heart.
Fix the head of the stethoscope on the cubital fossa, insert the tips into the ears - the heartbeat should be clearly audible.
Rhythmically start pumping air with a pump to a level of 200–220 mm, the cuff should not squeeze the arm too much.
Slowly deflate the cuff, the value at which the first beat of the pulse will be heard indicates systolic blood pressure.
With the disappearance of the pulse beat, the diastolic value of blood pressure is recorded.

After the end of the measurement, it is necessary to calculate the pulse pressure, enter the data in a special diary. To minimize the possibility of error, the procedure should be carried out at the same time, since blood pressure values \u200b\u200bmay differ depending on the time of day.

Basic errors in pressure measurement

To get the correct values, it is necessary not only to use the tonometer correctly, but also to follow some rules.

How to avoid mistakes when measuring blood pressure:

30-40 minutes before the start of the measurement, you need to calm down, sit down or lie down.
Do not smoke or drink caffeinated drinks one hour before the procedure.
You should not measure the pressure immediately after eating - the values \u200b\u200bmay increase by 10-15 units.
Before measuring blood pressure, you should visit the toilet - a full bladder can distort the readings by 6-10 points upward.
While the tonometer is on the arm, you can not speak, move, gesticulate.

Do not drink or smoke before taking blood pressure.

For a more accurate result, measurements should be taken on both hands, measurements should be taken again after a quarter of an hour on that limb, the more tonometer data were higher.

When is it necessary to see a doctor?

With any serious pathological changes in the body, a change in arterial parameters occurs, the pulse sometimes rises to 150 beats per minute. Doctors consider hypertension and hypotension to be equally dangerous diseases, since each of them can cause complications.

How to recognize hypertension:

frequent bouts of headache that occurs in the occipital region;
dizziness, dark spots before the eyes - unpleasant symptoms occur when changing the position of the body;
increased sweating, lethargy, poor sleep quality;
deterioration of attention, memory, unreasonable attacks of anxiety;
shortness of breath, frequent nosebleeds;
the face is constantly pale or red.

The combination of two or more signs is a good reason to see a doctor. If such symptoms are accompanied by high blood pressure, hypertension is diagnosed. The initial degree of arterial hypertension is an increase in blood pressure to 140-159 / 90-99 mm Hg. Art. within a few days against the background of a general deterioration in well-being.

Frequent headaches and high blood pressure may indicate hypertension

With hypotension, a person experiences constant fatigue and apathy, the limbs freeze, sweat, go numb, hypotensive patients almost always react to changes in weather conditions, do not tolerate loud sounds and bright flickering light. Hypotension is accompanied by headache, which is localized in the frontal and temporal region, dizziness, fainting, sudden mood swings. In women, there are failures in the menstrual cycle, in men, problems with potency begin.

With a persistent decrease in performance to the level of 105/65 mm Hg. Art. in adults, and 80/60 units in children, doctors diagnose hypotension.

Blood pressure readings provide valuable information about a person's health status. Any deviations of values in combination with dangerous symptoms mean that it is impossible to delay a visit to the doctor. Chronic hypertension, hypotension often end in heart attacks, strokes, deterioration of the brain, disability, death.

Checking blood pressure for people over 45-50 years old is the key to a long, healthy life and a quick response to many pathologies. What should it be, depending on age, what is its norm, adopted in Russia and abroad?

Blood pressure (BP) readings are vital, they indicate the performance of the system of the heart and blood vessels, failures in which affect the vital activity of the whole organism. If deviations are present and the physiological norm of the indicator is not maintained, then this signals the possibility of serious pathologies. Abnormal blood pressure is usually found in adults, as it is caused by diseases acquired with age and other body problems.

What is blood pressure?

As you know, blood with certain properties flows through the arteries and vessels of the human body. Accordingly, its flow is associated with the provision of a mechanical effect on the walls. It should also be taken into account that the blood does not just flow, but is purposefully expelled with the help of the heart muscle, which further increases the effect on the vascular walls.

The heart "presses" not constantly, but makes well-known beats, due to which a new portion of blood is released. Thus, the impact of the liquid on the walls will have two indicators. The first is the pressure created during the shock, and the second is between the shocks during the calm period. The combination of these two indicators forms the same blood pressure. In medicine, the upper value of blood pressure is called systolic, and the lower diastolic.

For measurement, a special technique was invented that allows measurements to be made without intrusion into the vessel, very quickly and affordably. This is done with the help of a phonendoscope and an air cushion, put on a place above the elbow, where air is blown. By increasing the pressure in the pillow, the doctor listens to the beat in the artery below. As soon as the blows have stopped, this will mean equality of pressure in the pillow and vessels - the upper limit. Then the air is gradually bled off and, at a certain time, the blows appear again - this is an indicator of the lower limit. The values of arterial, as well as atmospheric pressure, are measured in millimeters of mercury.

What blood pressure is normal?

Among physicians, there is no unequivocal opinion on the level of normal blood pressure in adults. The classic 120/80 is considered the standard, but blood vessels in adults aged 25 are one thing, the elderly are another, and all sorts of physiological features can contribute. Differences in the readings of the level of male and female parameters are small. It is also important to note that blood pressure should be measured at rest, sitting position, and you need to take at least two measurements with a difference of a quarter of an hour. For completeness of information, we present tables from various sources demonstrating what the norm for adults by age is.

Table of norms by age, adopted in the USSR

As can be seen from the table in the USSR, the norm of the upper parameter was no more than 145, and the lower one was no more than 90. Going beyond these limits was considered a pathology and the presence of hypertension.

Current blood pressure standards

Today, the norm of blood pressure has changed a little. Currently, a table developed by the World Health Association in the late nineties of the last century is used. On its basis, the upper systolic blood pressure in the range of 110-130 is considered normal, and the lower diastolic 60-80 mm Hg. These parameters are relevant for adults who are under 40 years old.

WHO table defining normal blood pressure and hypertension

In general, medicine has come to the conclusion that a single indicator of the norm is not stipulated. When examining a patient, the doctor should focus on a comfortable blood pressure rate for a particular adult patient. It is better if there are statistics and a history of observations showing the usual levels. However, this only applies to the range around 120/80, blood pressure that goes beyond the interval of 110/60 and 140/90, all doctors unanimously consider it a sign of pathology.

Is there such a thing as working pressure?

In a colloquial environment, such a term is often found, “working” is usually called such blood pressure at which it can be overestimated or underestimated (that is, one or both indicators go beyond the norm indicated above), but the person does not experience discomfort.

Unfortunately, such logic is only self-deception and ignoring the existing problem. Doctors do not operate with such an expression as “working blood pressure”. Anything above will be called arterial hypertension, period. The key to good health lies in a slight decrease in the lumen of the vessels, due to limited age-related cholesterol deposits in the arteries. However, without a pronounced clinical deterioration in the condition of an adult, such a situation is still capable of causing various serious diseases.

What is the norm of blood pressure in foreign countries?

In the CIS countries and North America, slightly different approaches have been adopted to determine which blood pressure is considered normal, however, in terms of what is considered hypertension, the approaches are almost identical, with the exception that in the USA and Canada, a level above 130/90 is already considered an excess. . In our country, such a parameter is considered normal, for example, for a strong man who regularly goes in for sports or for an adult who has crossed the line of 40 years.

This is demonstrated by the following table

The Western European boundaries of normal blood pressure are almost the same as the North American ones. The only difference is a few peculiar definitions, such as "high normal", which are accepted in the medical institutions of these countries.

Changes in 2018

At the end of August 2018 2009, news came that the European Society of Cardiology had changed the guidelines for cardiologists on what should be considered normal blood pressure in adults.

Thus, in contrast to the criteria used after 2013, new parameters are used to determine arterial hypertension, namely the indicator 130/80 mmHg. Previously, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in Europe were considered normal if they did not exceed 140 and 90, respectively.

It should be noted that the rate of 130/80 will be considered the norm only for aged patients older than 55-60-65 years, and even patients after 80 years of age will be considered healthy only under conditions when these indicators are not exceeded. For young people, a healthy blood pressure is still 120/80 mmHg. Art.

It is expected that such measures to reduce the rate of elevated blood pressure will help to start responding to problems with the heart and blood vessels earlier, which will help reduce mortality.

Blood pressure by age

With increasing age in adults, the whole body undergoes certain changes. Of course, this also applies to blood vessels and the heart. Due to stress, malnutrition, hereditary and acquired negative factors, wear of the arteries, deposits on their walls and other processes that require constant increased work of the heart muscle, which in turn wears it out quickly.

For adults who have been diagnosed with any disease of the cardiovascular system, it is recommended to check blood pressure on a daily basis and keep a table with its dynamics. At the same time, you can measure the pulse in a calm state and also fix it. The totality of these data gives an objective picture of the presence of vascular pathologies.

It should be remembered that with increasing age, the norm of blood pressure increases slightly. Periodic outputs of the parameter obtained after measurement are possible beyond the upper limit limit. If this exceeding no more than 10 units and appears only after active physical activities, prolonged physical work, then there is no particular cause for concern. Sustained systematic excess at rest should alert.

Normal blood pressure by age

The older a person becomes, the more his vessels wear out. This happens due to a general decrease in their tone, various deposits on the walls, for example, cholesterol, a blood clot. In addition, the heart also changes with age, so for reference, below is a table of blood pressure norms in adults by age.

Age, years	Men		Women
Age, years	Upper	lower	Upper	lower
Infants under 1 year old

It can be noted that, for example, for a forty-year-old man and woman, the values \u200b\u200bare slightly different. Men's is slightly higher. This can be explained by the greater mass, volume of the body and the ability of a man to withstand greater physical activity.

Normal blood pressure after 50 years

The hormonal background of a person also affects what blood pressure will be. This is especially true of steroids, which are characterized by an unstable presence in the blood, which, during the age-related restructuring of the body, turns into a large imbalance. It affects the number of heartbeats and the filling of the arteries, which ultimately translates into an upward shift in the norm towards 50 years, so that the upper value is in the region of 134-138, and the lower 82-85, which can be seen from the table above. Again, this is the maximum pressure at rest, the excess of which is not allowed.

What other factors affect the rise in blood pressure in an adult? For example, in women, by the age of 50, a process called menopause, which is primarily reflected in the level of various hormones in the body, and as a result, in blood pressure indicators. Thus, the risk of developing hypertension in women at this age is higher.

Blood pressure after 60 years

Upon reaching the age of 60 years, the trend towards an increase in blood pressure indicators continues. systolic pressure here rises above 140, and diastolic shows 85. All the same hormonal changes in the body slightly increase female values. Compared to men.

In adults over 60 years of age, readings above 140 over 90 are considered normal., which in a person of 25 years will mean the existence of a pathological disease. To determine whether such an elevated blood pressure is normal in an elderly person, it is required not only to measure and fix it, but also to monitor the symptomatic picture in general, the presence of other health complaints, the results of an ECG and ultrasound of the heart.

Concomitant diseases

In addition to the age factor, constantly elevated blood pressure can provoke metabolic disorders, kidney failure, smoking and alcoholic beverages. After smoking a cigarette constricts small blood vessels, which can gradually lead to a decrease in the lumen of important arteries and cause hypertension. If the kidneys do not work properly, then there is an excess of the hormone aldosterone, which leads to an increase in internal pressure indicators. The risk of arterial hypertension is also high in adults with diabetes mellitus, since in this case there is an increased tendency to form various kinds of deposits on the inner surface of the arteries. Thus, you need to generally monitor your health in order for your blood pressure to be normal. To do this, you should be aware of and control chronic diseases and bad habits.

How to prevent hypertension?

The best preventive measure is constant blood pressure monitoring. Many clinics carry out this procedure for free, in addition, you can smoke a device called a tonometer, which automatically measures indicators. Its accuracy is not always at its best, but it is possible to catch strong jumps. It is better to measure the pulse in parallel and briefly record all the parameters in the tables in the notebook.

Hypertension is very insidious, often it is not manifested in any way until it becomes a serious pathological condition that requires serious treatment. Usually the disease begins with an unexpected hypertensive crisis, therefore from the age of 45 you should develop the habit of regularly measuring blood pressure.

In this article, we will consider the pressure of a person, what is the norm for age, weight and gender. To do this, we provided 2 tables with pressure standards for men and women, taking into account age. Normal blood pressure by weight must be calculated using the formula. For those who do not want to look at tables and calculate using formulas, we have prepared an online calculator.

But first, let's immediately decipher the designation of the terms SAD and DBP.

SBP - systolic blood pressure (upper).
DBP - diastolic blood pressure (lower).
Hypertension is high blood pressure.
Hypotension is low blood pressure.

First of all, you need to familiarize yourself with the modern classification, which is considered within normal pressure.

Modern classification

In modern medicine, there are three options for normal pressure in an adult:

optimal - less than 120/80;
normal - from 120/80 to 129/84;
high normal - from 130/85 to 139/89 mm Hg. Art.

Optimal blood pressure index 120/80

Everything that fits into these numbers is absolutely normal. Only the lower limit is not specified. Hypotension is considered a condition in which the tonometer gives values \u200b\u200bless than 90/60. That is why, depending on individual characteristics, everything above this limit is acceptable.

But you need to understand that these figures show without taking into account age, weight, gender, diseases, constitution, etc. Look at our prepared data on human pressure. But at the same time, after viewing your norms, read the column “Why pressure can change”, this is necessary for a complete understanding of the picture obtained.

Rules for measuring blood pressure

Many people make mistakes when measuring their pressure, and may see abnormal numbers. Therefore, it is very important to measure pressure in compliance with certain rules. This is necessary to avoid misinterpretation of the data.

30 minutes before the proposed procedure, you can not play sports or experience other physical activity.
To determine the true indicators, you should not conduct a study in a state of stress.
For 30 minutes, do not smoke, do not eat, drink alcohol, coffee.
Do not talk during the measurement.
The measurement results obtained on both hands should be evaluated. The highest value is taken as the basis. The difference between the indicators on different hands is 10 mm Hg. Art.

Table of normal blood pressure by age

Currently, generally accepted norms are used that are applicable to all ages. But there are also averaged optimal pressure values for each age group. Deviation from them is not always a pathology. Each person has their own individual norm.

Table No. 1 - pressure indicators only for age, starting from 20 to 80 years.

Age in years	Pressure rate
20 – 30	117/74 – 121/76
30 – 40	121/76 – 125/79
40 – 50	125/79 – 129/82
50 – 60	129/82 – 133/85
60 – 70	133/85 – 137/88
70 – 80	137/88 – 141/91

Table No. 2 - blood pressure indicators with age and gender, beginning from 1 year to 90 years.

Age in years	Norm of pressure in men	Norm of pressure in women
Up to 1 year	96/66	95/65
1 – 10	103/69	103/70
10 – 20	123/76	116/72
20 – 30	126/79	120/75
30 – 40	129/81	127/80
40 – 50	135/83	137/84
50 – 60	142/85	144/85
60 – 70	145/82	159/85
70 – 80	147/82	157/83
80 – 90	145/78	150/79

The indicators here differ from what can be obtained using calculation formulas. Studying the numbers, you can see that with age they become higher. In people under 40, there are higher rates in men. After this milestone, the picture changes, and the pressure in women becomes higher.

This is due to hormonal changes in the female body. Attention is drawn to the numbers in people after 50 years. They are higher than those that today are defined as normal.

Table number 3. Many people measure blood pressure with modern tonometers, where, in addition to pressure, the pulse is also shown. Therefore, we decided that some people will need this table.

Table with heart rate norms by age.

Formulas for calculating pressure

Every person is different and so is pressure. The norm of pressure is determined not only by age, but also by other parameters: height, weight, gender. That is why formulas were created for the calculation, taking into account age and weight. They help determine what pressure will be optimal for a particular person. In this article, we will consider 2 formulas and 2 tables, taking into account age and gender.

First formula. The Volynsky formula calculates the norm taking into account age and weight. Used in people aged 17–79 years. The upper (SBP) and lower (DBP) pressure indicators are calculated separately.

GARDEN \u003d 109 + (0.5 * number of years) + (0.1 * weight in kg.).

DBP \u003d 63 + (0.1 * years of life) + (0.15 * weight in kg.).

As an example, let's calculate the normal pressure for a person aged 60 and weighing 70 kg using the Volynsky formula.

GARDEN=109+(0.5*60 years)+(0.1*70 kg.)=109+30+7=146

DBP \u003d 63 + (0.1 * 60 years) + (0.15 * 70 kg.) \u003d 63 + 6 + 10.5 \u003d 79.5

The norm of blood pressure for this person with the age of 60 years and weighing 70 kg is - 146/79.5

The second formula: This formula calculates the norm of blood pressure, taking into account only age. Applicable for adults from 20-80 years.

GARDEN = 109 + (0.4 * age).

DBP = 67 + (0.3 * age).

As an example, using this formula, we calculate the pressure of a person aged 50 years.

GARDEN \u003d 109 + (0.4 * 50 years) \u003d 109 + 20 \u003d 139

SAD \u003d 67 + (0.3 * 50 years) \u003d 67 + 15 \u003d 82

The normal blood pressure for a person aged 50 is 139/82.

Online blood pressure calculator

With this online calculator, you can calculate the normal pressure for different ages. To do this, you must specify your age, as well as compare it with our table.

Enter your age

Why does pressure change?

The ideal pressure is that at which a person feels great, but at the same time it corresponds to the norm. Hereditary predisposition to hypertension or hypotension matters. The numbers may change during the day. They are lower at night than during the day. During wakefulness, pressure can increase with physical exertion, stress. Trained people and professional athletes often have indicators below the age norm. Medications and the use of stimulants like coffee, strong tea affect the measurement results. Fluctuations within 15–25 mm Hg are permissible. Art.

With age, the indicators begin to gradually shift from optimal to normal, and then to normal high. This is due to the fact that certain changes occur in the cardiovascular system. One of these factors is an increase in the stiffness of the vascular wall due to age-related characteristics. So, people who have lived all their lives with the numbers 90/60 may find that the tonometer began to show 120/80. And that's okay. A person feels good, because the process of pressure increase goes unnoticed, and the body gradually adapts to such changes.

There is also the concept of working pressure. It may not correspond to the norm, but at the same time a person feels better than what is considered optimal for him. This is true for older people suffering from arterial hypertension. The diagnosis of hypertension is established if the blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg. Art. and higher. Many older patients feel better at 150/80 than at lower values.

In such a situation, you should not seek the recommended rate. With age, atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels develops. Higher systemic pressure is required to ensure satisfactory blood flow. Otherwise, there are signs of ischemia: headaches, dizziness, nausea, etc.

Another situation is a young hypotonic patient who has been living with the numbers 95/60 all his life. A sudden increase in pressure, even to the "cosmic" 120/80 mm Hg. Art. can cause a deterioration in well-being, reminiscent of a hypertensive crisis.

Possible white coat hypertension. At the same time, the doctor cannot determine the correct pressure as it will be higher at the reception. And at home, normal indicators are fixed. Only regular monitoring at home will help determine the individual norm.

Conclusion

Evaluating the indicators of the tonometer, the doctor always focuses on the accepted classification, regardless of how old the person is. The same rate of blood pressure should be taken into account in home control. Only at such values the body functions fully, vital organs do not suffer, the risk of cardiovascular complications decreases.

Blood pressure is the most important indicator of the functioning of not only the heart muscle, but the whole organism. This term most often refers to blood pressure (BP) - the force with which blood presses on the walls of blood vessels and arteries - but the name includes several other types of pressure: intracardiac, venous and capillary.

If a person's pressure deviates from normal values up or down, it is necessary to carry out primary diagnostic measures, as this may be the result of deviations in the work of internal organs. In order to understand in time that the body needs help, you need to familiarize yourself with the table showing what pressure is normal for a person, depending on his age.

What is blood pressure

Blood pressure is called a human biomarker, showing with what force the liquid components of the hematopoietic system (blood and lymph) press on the walls of the vessels through which their current is carried out. The pressure in the arteries is a variable value, and can fluctuate and change up to 5-6 times per minute. Such oscillations are called Mayer waves.

Normal pressure in an adult depends not only on the functioning of the heart and blood vessels, but also on external factors. These include stress, exercise levels, diet, alcohol or caffeinated beverages.

Taking certain medications can also cause fluctuations in indicators, but they should not deviate from the normal pressure of a person by age by more than 10%.

systolic, upper index: the resistance force of the vascular walls to the blood flow at the moment of contraction of the heart muscle;
diastolic, lower indicator: the pressure of the blood on the walls of the arteries when the heart relaxes.

For example, 120/80: 120 is an indicator of the upper blood pressure, and 80 is the lower one.

What pressure is considered low

Persistently low blood pressure is called hypotension. This diagnosis is made to the patient, if for three consecutive measurements with an interval of one week, the tonometer readings did not exceed 110/70 mm Hg. Art.

Hypotension can occur for several reasons, some of which can be very serious, such as blood infections (sepsis) or endocrine disorders (hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus). A decrease in the resistance force of the vascular walls can occur with extensive blood loss, heart failure, and prolonged exposure to a stuffy room. In athletes, acute hypotension often develops against the background of injuries and fractures as a reaction to pain shock.

Treatment of hypotension includes a balanced diet, proper rest, moderate exercise, massage. Useful procedures that positively affect the elasticity of blood vessels (swimming, aerobics).

Arterial hypertension is a persistent increase in blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg. Art.

Not only internal factors associated with the work of the heart and other internal organs can contribute to the development of hypertension, but also external ones, for example, short and restless sleep, increased salt intake, poor climatic and environmental living conditions.

In older people, these indicators can increase with chronic stress, consumption of low-quality foods, as well as a deficiency of vitamins and minerals, primarily magnesium and potassium.

Treatment includes drug correction, therapeutic and preventive nutrition (restriction of spices and salt), rejection of bad habits. It is important for working people to create a regime of work and rest that is favorable for the body, as well as to properly organize labor activity so that it is not associated with a negative impact on the heart muscle or nervous system.

It is especially important for people of the older age group to control blood counts, since the risk of pathologies of the cardiovascular and endocrine systems in them exceeds 50%. In order to notice the existing deviations in time, it is necessary to know what is the normal pressure of a person, and how it can change depending on his age.

By age (table)

Below are tables that show the norms of blood pressure by age for women and men. Focusing on these data, you can monitor the health of blood vessels and seek medical help in a timely manner, if necessary.

Some experts deny the theory that an increase in upper and lower blood pressure in a person with age is a physiological norm, believing that even at 50-60 years old this figure should not rise above 130/90 mm Hg. Art.

Despite this, the percentage of elderly and senile people who are able to maintain indicators at this level does not exceed 4-7%.

Among women

In men

In children

Regular measurement of pressure in childhood is necessary for children at risk for heart disease, diabetes mellitus and pathologies of the genitourinary system. Children born with malformations of the heart muscle should be registered with a pediatric cardiologist, and with any significant deviation of blood pressure from normal values, such children should be hospitalized for a comprehensive diagnosis.

Control of this biomarker is also necessary for healthy children, since many serious diseases (including kidney cancer) begin precisely with an increase in pressure. In order not to miss the time and start treatment on time, parents should know what kind of blood pressure the child should have in the norm, and from what it can change up or down.

The table below shows the norm for blood pressure in children under 12 years of age:

The norm of blood pressure in children of 10 years old is already approaching the ideal pressure in an adult and is 120/80 mm Hg. Art. If this indicator is slightly less, you should not worry, since the individual characteristics of the functioning of the hematopoietic system and the heart muscle are of great importance. If the pressure in a child is higher than these values, consultation of a cardiologist and a pediatrician is necessary.

Teenagers

The norm of blood pressure in a teenager is no different from the normal blood pressure of an adult.

Pressure is a very important indicator that reflects the state of blood vessels and the degree of blood supply to organs. To prevent pathologies associated with the hematopoietic system, it is necessary to know what blood pressure a person should have and take all measures to maintain sufficient tone and elasticity of blood vessels.

Chronic hypertension or hypotension is equally dangerous at any age, therefore, with regular deviations of the arterial biomarker from the age norm, it is necessary to seek medical help.

Author of the article: Sergey Vladimirovich, an adherent of reasonable biohacking and an opponent of modern diets and rapid weight loss. I will tell you how a man aged 50+ to remain fashionable, handsome and healthy, how to feel 30 at his fifty. about the author.