When Do You Need an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon? Oral and maxillofacial surgeon: features of specialization Inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region

This is a doctor whose work consists of performing operations in the face and oral cavity, in cases where conservative treatment of pathologies is impossible.

The profession of maxillofacial surgeon appeared at the intersection of dentistry and plastic surgery. Such doctors work in plastic surgery, general hospitals and dental clinics.

A specialist in this profile deals with defects in bones and soft tissues of the face, neck and oral cavity. In these areas, due to their abundant blood supply, inflammatory processes proceed especially rapidly, often with complications, leaving behind gross cosmetic defects.

The help of this doctor is addressed when it is necessary to perform an operation or restore the affected tissues.

What does he treat and when should you contact him?

What does a maxillofacial plastic surgeon treat? The area covered by this specialist includes a variety of complications of inflammatory processes.

he performs either a gingivotomy to get rid of gum pockets;
on the contrary, gum tissues are restored with flaps or with the help of metal implants;
periodontitis surgery is required to remove recessive or;
periostitis removes fluxes;
osteomyelitis of the jaw cuts out necrotic tissue;
inflammation of the salivary glands or their ducts cleans out the resulting salivitis;
the formation of abscesses of soft or hard tissues drains them.

With an advanced inflammatory infectious disease or a malignant tumor, nearby lymph nodes that take a hit can completely lose their functions. Operations on the jaws and in the neck may involve the removal of lymph nodes.

The surgeon cuts out benign neoplasms of the oral cavity and jaws, performs plastic surgery to correct:

"Cleft lip", a congenital bifurcation of the upper lip.
"Wolf's mouth", a congenital defect of the hard palate.
Rough scars that spoil the appearance of the face or cause problems with facial or chewing movements.
Subject to bone deformation, for which steel plates and splints can be implanted.

Often this specialist deals with the treatment of injuries of the face and skull.

They can be a consequence of local injuries, with a blow, bruise or gunshot wound, or as part of multiple, after accidents and other disasters. In some cases, it is necessary to resort to prosthetics of the bones of the facial skeleton.

The maxillofacial surgeon is treated with complaints about:

Wounds, bruises, fractures resulting from injuries.
Non-falling tissue edema.
Pain syndrome of the jaws and tissues of the face.
Enlargement and hardening of the salivary glands.
Dry mouth caused by lack of saliva.
New developments in the area of his competence.
Fistula in the soft tissues or bones of the face.
Rigid scars interfering with closing the mouth.
Pronounced asymmetry of the face.

He is also treated with diseases of the temporomandibular joint. Extraneous sounds in it, pain and difficulty in movement indicate arthritis or dysfunction of this joint.

In severe forms of these diseases accompanied by ankylosis of the jaw, surgical intervention is indispensable.

Dentists and orthodontists deal with the treatment of dental diseases and bite correction, but sometimes surgery is required in this area. The surgeon should be contacted if it is necessary to remove a completely hidden in the gum, impacted tooth, usually a “figure eight”.

They also sometimes resort to his help when installing dental implants in the gums.

What tests are required when applying?

The surgeon, in order to conduct a qualitative diagnosis, needs to represent the patient's condition as best as possible. Only by making the correct diagnosis, you can prescribe the correct treatment, avoid all possible complications and minimize the consequences for the body.

Basic information about the presence of inflammatory processes in the body, the possibility of allergic reactions to medications, the group and the Rh factor is given by a general blood test.

If, after studying the results of the general analysis, the doctor has questions, they do a biochemical blood test. A general urine test will tell the doctor about the malfunctions of various body systems.

Things like diabetes, for example, the doctor should be asked about before the operation. In some situations, it is necessary to take tissue scrapings for bacterioscopic examination.

The maxillofacial surgeon himself, if necessary, directs patients to x-rays, and if its results are not enough, to more advanced scans - using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Sometimes an ultrasound is performed in his direction for diagnostic purposes. The doctor himself can make a puncture or biopsy to send the material taken for histological examination. In addition, all pathological neoplasms removed by the doctor are always sent for such a study.

What knowledge and qualities should he have?

The profession of an oral and maxillofacial surgeon involves a serious responsibility. In the hands of this doctor, the beauty, health, and sometimes even the life of the patient.

In order not to cause harm, but to ensure his speedy full recovery, extreme care and observation are needed. A doctor working in this position must understand anatomy, have a complete understanding of the structure, biochemistry of tissues.

Like other surgeons, he needs steady hands and a steady eye. With more and more surgical procedures being performed by robotic instruments, they also need to be precisely and accurately controlled.

The duties of the maxillofacial surgeon working in the medical center include:

External examination of the patient.
Collection of anamnesis.
Evaluation of the functionality of the dental apparatus.
Diagnosis of birth defects in infants.
Carrying out rhinoscopy, pharyngoscopy.
Operations in the area of the face, neck and jaw, including the removal of benign tumors, correction of birth defects.
Postoperative recovery of patients.

The profession of a maxillofacial surgeon is difficult, to master it it is not enough to graduate from the institute, you need to constantly continue education, improve your skills.

This is an interesting and multifaceted specialty that is sufficiently demanded by society.

A specialist in the field of surgical diseases and damage to teeth, oral organs, face and neck, bones of the facial skeleton, in which complex treatment will be prescribed. The maxillofacial region, face, neck are areas that are very richly supplied with blood and innervated, therefore any inflammatory processes and injuries proceed rapidly and often painfully for the patient, leaving behind (especially with poor-quality treatment) gross deformities and defects. It is worth noting the proximity of these areas to the brain and mediastinal organs, which also indicates the unconditional need for timely treatment of inflammation on the face.

What is included in the competence of the doctor Surgeon of the maxillofacial

Oral and maxillofacial surgeon who studies surgical diseases of the teeth, bones of the facial skeleton, organs of the oral cavity, face and neck.

What diseases does the Maxillofacial Surgeon deal with?

Diseases can be divided into four groups, depending on the causes and clinical presentation.

1) Inflammatory diseases of the teeth, jaws, tissues of the face and neck, oral cavity organs (periodontitis, periostitis, osteomyelitis of the jaw, abscesses, phlegmon, lymphadenitis, difficult teething, odontogenic inflammation of the maxillary sinus, inflammatory diseases of the salivary glands, temporomandibular joint ).

2) Injuries to the soft tissues of the face and neck, bones of the facial skeleton.

3) Tumors and tumor-like formations of the face, jaws, organs of the oral cavity.

4) Congenital and acquired defects and deformities of the face, jaws and plastic surgery of the maxillofacial region (blepharoplasty, otoplasty, rhinoplasty, circular facelift, contour plastic surgery).

What organs does the doctor deal with Maxillofacial surgeon

Teeth, face, neck, tongue.

When to Contact an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon

Symptoms of periodontitis. The leading symptom of acute periodontitis is a sharp, constantly growing pain. Touching the tooth sharply increases the pain. The tooth appears to be "higher" than the others. These pain sensations are caused by the pressure of the accumulated exudate on the tissues and nerve receptors of the periodontal gap.

The affected tooth is discolored, mobile. It may have a carious cavity, or it may be intact.

Probing is painless, and the reaction to percussion is sharply painful. The mucous membrane in the region of the transitional fold is edematous, hyperemic, painful on palpation.

With the progression of the process, soft tissue swelling may occur, leading to facial asymmetry, the general condition is disturbed (headache, weakness, malaise, body temperature rises to 38-39 ° C). There is an increase and glacierization of regional lymph nodes.

Symptoms of periostitis - inflammation of the periosteum of the jaw - are well known to many children and adults: on the gum near the tooth with a dead pulp or the remaining root, a sharply painful hard seal appears, rapidly increasing.

The swelling, becoming more pronounced, passes to the soft tissues of the face. Depending on the location of the diseased tooth, the lip and wing of the nose, cheek and lower eyelid swell, the temperature rises, and the person feels unwell. This disease is popularly known as flux.

Symptoms of osteomyelitis of the jaws

spontaneous throbbing pain in the jaw, headache, chills, temperature up to 40 ° C. An affected tooth with a necrotic pulp (possibly with a filling) is found; it and the teeth adjacent to it are sharply painful, mobile. Swelling asymmetric face. The transitional fold is hyperemic and smoothed. Lymph nodes are enlarged, painful.

Osteomyelitis is often complicated by abscess, phlegmon. In the blood, neutrophilic leukocytosis; ESR increased. General condition of varying severity.

An abscess is a delimited accumulation of pus in various tissues and organs. An abscess should be distinguished from phlegmon (diffuse purulent inflammation of tissues) and empyema (accumulation of pus in body cavities and hollow organs).

General clinical manifestations of abscesses are typical for purulent-inflammatory processes of any localization: an increase in body temperature from subfebrile to 41 ° (in severe cases), general malaise, weakness, loss of appetite, headache.

The blood shows leukocytosis with neutrophilia and a shift of the leukocyte formula to the left. The degree of these changes depends on the severity of the pathological process.

In the clinical picture of abscesses of various organs, there are specific signs due to the localization of the process. The outcome of an abscess may be a spontaneous opening with a breakthrough to the outside (subcutaneous tissue abscess, mastitis, paraproctitis, etc.); breakthrough and emptying into closed cavities (abdominal, pleural, into the joint cavity, etc.); a breakthrough into the lumen of organs communicating with the external environment (intestine, stomach, bladder, bronchi, etc.). The emptied abscess cavity under favorable conditions decreases in size, undergoes scarring.

With incomplete emptying of the abscess cavity and poor drainage, the process can become chronic with the formation of a fistula. A breakthrough of pus into closed cavities leads to the development of purulent processes in them (peritonitis, pleurisy, pericarditis, meningitis, arthritis, etc.).

Lymphadenitis - inflammation of the lymph nodes.

Acute lymphadenitis almost always occurs as a complication of a local focus of infection - a boil, an infected wound or abrasion, etc. The causative agents of infection (usually staphylococci) penetrate the lymph nodes with lymph flow through the lymphatic vessels, and often without inflammation of the latter, i.e. without lymphagitis.

Purulent foci on the lower extremity are complicated by the defeat of the inguinal, less often popliteal lymph nodes; on the upper limb - axillary, less often elbow, on the head, in the oral cavity and pharynx - cervical.

When and what tests should be done

- histological examination of the biopsy;
- general blood analysis;
- general urine analysis;
- tests for hormones;

What are the main types of diagnostics usually performed by the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon?

- X-ray;
- Intraoral radiography;
- Radiovisiographic study of teeth and bone tissue of the jaws;
- Panoramic radiography;
- Tomography;
- Cephalometric facial radiography
- X-ray computed tomography;
- Magnetic resonance imaging;
- Three-dimensional visualization of the facial skull and soft tissues of the face. Implantation means the introduction into the body of materials of non-biological origin in order to replace the lost organ.

When implanting teeth, special implants are used that are installed in the area of missing teeth.

A titanium “screw” is screwed into the bone, on which the crown is fixed. Materials for implants are titanium and its alloys, tantalum, various types of ceramics, leucosapphire, zirconium and other substances. All these materials are highly bioinert, that is, they do not cause irritation of surrounding tissues.

Benefits of implantation

Adjacent teeth are not ground;
- it is possible to restore a defect of any length;
- strength and reliability (the service life of implants is longer than with other types of prosthetics, so the very first implants installed more than 40 years ago continue to serve their owners);
- high aesthetics (the implant is practically indistinguishable from a healthy natural tooth).

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Oral and maxillofacial surgery is a generally recognized surgical specialty, which in the USA and some other countries belongs to the medical section "dentistry", and in the UK and Russia is a separate section of surgery.

Depending on the direction of the surgical intervention, maxillofacial surgery is divided into:

surgical care for injuries;
facial reconstructive surgery (correction of functional and aesthetic defects);
aesthetic surgery, which includes eyelid lift, lifting, rhinoplasty and otoplasty;
oncological surgery, which deals with the treatment of benign and malignant formations in the face, neck and oral cavity;
dermatosurgery, which deals with the surgical removal of various facial skin defects;
prosthetics and implantology, which focus on the creation and implantation of special prostheses (ectoprostheses, etc.);
laser surgery, which deals with the elimination of wrinkles, scars and other defects in the facial area;
surgical interventions that are associated with speech therapy (correction of swallowing disorders, etc.).

Maxillofacial operates:

Emergency patients. In most cases, these are patients who have suffered in accidents and as a result of disasters, as well as patients with a purulent stage of inflammation.
Planned patients, which include patients with tumors, congenital anomalies and inflammatory diseases.

The treatment of pathologies of the maxillofacial region in children is carried out by a pediatric maxillofacial surgeon.

What does a maxillofacial surgeon treat?

The maxillofacial surgeon deals with:

correction of congenital deformities of the maxillofacial region;
correction of congenital underdevelopment of the face;
correction of malocclusion;
treatment of inflammatory diseases of the jaw (ostitis, periostitis, osteomyelitis);
treatment of inflammatory processes of the soft tissues of the face and neck;
elimination of the consequences of injuries of the nose, jaw, ears, soft tissues and bones of the face;
removal of benign and malignant tumors on the neck and face;
complex surgical intervention for traumatic amputation of the lips, nose and ears;
restoration of the neck and face after injuries and oncological operations;
microvascular surgery of the facial area;
aesthetic surgery of the face and neck, which aims to obtain good cosmetic results with minimally noticeable scarring.

Correction of congenital deformities of the maxillofacial region

An oral and maxillofacial surgeon treats:

congenital defects of the upper lip ("cleft lip");
congenital defects of the palate and upper jaw ("cleft palate");
macrognathia - symmetrically or asymmetrically increased sizes of one jaw compared to the other;
micrognathia - symmetrically or asymmetrically underdeveloped upper or lower jaw;
prognathia - malocclusion (may be upper, lower, functional or morphological);
retrognathia, which is characterized by the posterior position of the upper or lower jaw in the skull;
symmetrical and asymmetrical combined jaw deformities, etc.

Inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region

The maxillofacial surgeon deals with the treatment of such inflammatory diseases as:

Periostitis of the jaw bones is an inflammatory process, the focus of which is localized in the periosteum. It develops with chronic foci of inflammation in the pulp or periodontium, with suppuration of the cyst, difficulty in teething or injury. It can be acute (serous and purulent) and chronic (simple and ossifying).
Acute osteomyelitis, which is an infectious and inflammatory purulent disease of all structural components of the jawbone. It is accompanied by a violation of the trophism of the bone and leads to its osteonecrosis.
Chronic osteomyelitis. With this purulent or proliferative inflammation of the bone tissue, areas of tissue necrosis are formed and there is no tendency to recovery.
Lymphadenitis, which is rarely a primary disease (may occur with hypothermia, trauma, as a result of routine vaccination). It occurs in acute (serous or purulent) and chronic forms.
Abscess is a focal accumulation of pus that occurs when the skin of the face, mucous membrane of the mouth, nose, lips and eyelids is damaged or inflamed.
Phlegmon. It is an acute purulent diffuse inflammation of loose fatty tissue (subcutaneous, intermuscular and interfascial).

Removal of benign and malignant neoplasms

The field of activity of maxillofacial surgeons includes the treatment of benign and primary and secondary malignant neoplasms, as well as mixed forms (some tumors of the salivary glands).

The maxillofacial surgeon treats:

Fibroma is a benign tumor that can affect the alveolar process, the submucosa of the cheeks and the skin of the face.
Papilloma is a benign neoplasm that is localized on the mucous membrane and looks like a connective tissue papilla covered with an epithelial membrane.
Angioma is a benign vascular tumor that occurs when there is a defect in the development of blood vessels. It affects soft tissues, in 65% of cases it is localized on the face.
Lymphangioma is a benign tumor that develops from the walls of the lymphatic vessels. In most cases, it is localized on the tongue and lips.
Osteoma is a benign bone tumor that occurs in various parts of the facial skeleton. It can be localized on the bone (exostosis) and inside the bone (enostosis).
Osteoclastoma is a bone tumor that can be benign or malignant. It affects the bones of the jaw.
Lipoma is a benign tumor that consists of adipose tissue and includes connective tissue layers. It is usually localized in the thickness of the cheek and in the forehead.

Also, the maxillofacial surgeon removes a variety of cysts in the maxillofacial region.

When to Contact an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon

Consultation with an oral and maxillofacial surgeon is necessary for people who:

There is a sharp, growing pain in the oral cavity, the affected tooth is mobile, changed color, subjectively it seems higher than others, and touching it increases pain.
The mucosa in the oral cavity is edematous and painfully reacts to palpation.
Swelling of soft tissues causes swelling and asymmetry of the face, weakness, headache, general malaise and fever.
There is a throbbing pain in the jaw, which is accompanied by headache, chills, temperature up to 40 degrees, enlargement and soreness of the lymph nodes.
As a result of inflammatory processes, an abscess or phlegmon appeared (diffuse purulent inflammation of the tissues). It is manifested by the accumulation of pus in the affected area, weakness, high fever, shift of the leukocyte formula to the left and other symptoms of purulent-inflammatory diseases.
There is inflammation of the lymph nodes. In acute lymphadenitis, purulent foci on the upper limb lead to inflammation of the axillary lymph nodes and lymph nodes in the head, mouth and pharynx.

Stages of consultation

During a scheduled examination, the maxillofacial surgeon:

listens to the patient's complaints and examines the history of the disease;
conducts an examination and, if necessary, appoints additional examinations;
develops a treatment plan and outlines the stages of its implementation.

Diagnostics

Before any planned surgical intervention, the maxillofacial surgeon directs the patient to:

general and biochemical blood test;
general urine analysis;
analysis for hormones in the localization of the pathological process in the neck or lymph nodes;
histological examination of the biopsy in the presence of neoplasms.

In addition, the patient is referred to:

x-ray;
intraoral radiography, which allows you to examine a specific local area of \u200b\u200bthe jaw;
radiovisiography, which allows you to examine the teeth and bone tissue of the jaws;
panoramic radiography, which allows you to get a simultaneous display of the alveolar process and the entire dentition;
tomography, which helps to study the structure of the jaw;
cephalometric radiography, which allows you to fully study the structure of the face;
computed tomography;
3D visualization of the facial skull and soft tissues of the face.

Treatment

For the treatment of pathologies of the maxillofacial region, the following are used:

Digital volumetric tomography and computer-aided design (CAD / CAM technologies), thanks to which the maxillofacial surgeon simulates all stages of the operation in advance, determines the exact dimensions of facial or dental implants and finds the optimal place for their installation. When using CAD / CAM technology, implants, endoprostheses and other medical devices are created on 3D printers and milling machines for a specific patient.
Endoscopic, laser and radio wave techniques for the reconstruction and restoration of the maxillofacial region.
Modern methods of osteosynthesis in fractures of the bones of the facial skeleton.
Physiotherapeutic methods - magnetotherapy, laser therapy, ultrasound therapy, microwave therapy and UHF.

Oral and maxillofacial surgery is a medical science that combines knowledge from surgery and dentistry. Her range of interests includes the face, neck and jaw. She deals with the problems of inflammatory, traumatic, benign and malignant nature, congenital and acquired defects that develop in these areas. Maxillofacial surgery is considered one of the most complex and sought-after areas of modern medicine. Specialists of the medical center "Garant" tell more about this.

What is an oral and maxillofacial surgeon? Despite the fact that the competence of this specialist includes the elimination of such pathologies as the elimination of an incorrectly located tooth, for example, the maxillofacial surgeon is still not a dentist. If we compare what a plastic surgeon does and what a maxillofacial surgeon treats, then one can also find differences in their activities. The work of the first one is connected with the elimination of aesthetic defects in soft tissues. The second also works with soft tissues, but focuses more on the facial skeleton and related disorders. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons successfully work with inflammatory diseases of the jaws, teeth, tissues of the face, neck, organs of the oral cavity: with periodontitis, periostitis, osteomyelitis, phlegmon, abscesses, difficult teething ... They deal with injuries of the bones of the facial skeleton and soft tissues of the face and neck, tumors and tumor-like formations of the face, jaw bones, organs of the oral cavity; congenital and acquired defects and deformities. Specialists work in close cooperation with ophthalmologists, neurosurgeons, ENT specialists, traumatologists and oncologists.

When to contact? Visits to the maxillofacial surgeon are both planned and urgent. Planned patient comes to a specialist if some inflammatory disease gives a complication or you need to eliminate a birth defect. The patient is examined and begin to prepare for surgery. It also happens that the help of a maxillofacial surgeon is required urgently. Victims of accidents, car accidents, accidents... To determine the diagnosis in such patients, a specialist needs to act as quickly and comprehensively as possible. There are such inflammatory pathologies in which complications manifest themselves in the form of abscesses. They also require an urgent response.

Oral and maxillofacial surgery - for adults? This is wrong. Oral and maxillofacial surgeon patients can be young or old. Congenital anomalies in the maxillofacial region should be eliminated in early childhood. Bones grow and become stronger with age, so the sooner you turn to a specialist, the easier and faster it will be possible to eliminate the defect. For example, anomalies such as "cleft lip" and "cleft palate" can be treated from the age of three months.

What exactly does an oral and maxillofacial surgeon do? First, the doctor examines the patient: conducts a survey, examines the patient, studies the history of the development of the disorder. Before starting treatment, the maxillofacial surgeon also performs a diagnostic examination, which may include X-ray, computed tomography, complete blood count, allergy test, etc. Treatment methods are selected depending on the severity, general health, indications and contraindications.

Why is it important to choose a specialist responsibly? The main methods of maxillofacial surgery are surgical interventions that are carried out using modern technologies and materials, which makes it possible to avoid the formation of rough scars, to make postoperative traces almost invisible. Skillfully performed treatment gives a person the opportunity to regain a beautiful smile, get rid of worries about any defects in the jaws and face. The outcome of treatment directly depends on how well the tactics of its management are developed and how well the doctors work.

What exactly can be fixed?- maxillofacial anomalies (the presence of dystopic, retained and supernumerary teeth, median and lateral cysts of the neck, the presence of parotid appendages, pre-anterior fistulas, deformity of the auricles and protruding ears, inflammation of the nodes of the lymphatic system and salivary glands); - treat inflammatory diseases of soft tissues of the maxillofacial region and neck (boils, carbuncles, abscesses, phlegmon, lymphadenitis and sialadenitis); - treat inflammation of the bone tissue of the maxillofacial region (periostitis or flux, osteomyelitis of the jaw); ― to eliminate damages of maxillofacial area; ― remove benign tumors and neoplasms (fibromas, papillomas, angiomas, osteomas); - fractures and dislocations of teeth.

How are flux and osteomyelitis treated? Periostitis or flux is an inflammation of the periosteum, in which the gum swells and hurts badly. Flux is treated with conservative and surgical methods. The method is chosen by the doctor depending on the course of the disease and its severity. During the operation, the surgeon makes an incision, treats the affected area and installs a drain to remove pus. If the cause of the flux is a diseased tooth, then it is also removed. With conservative treatment, drugs from the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used. Osteomyelitis of the jaw is an infectious purulent-necrotic process that develops in the bone and surrounding tissues. Sources of infection can be: neglected dental caries (pulpitis), a focus of chronic infection in the body (for example, chronic or acute tonsillitis), jaw injuries. After diagnosis and determination of the form, osteomyelitis of the jaw is treated, the main direction of which is the elimination of the source of infection or injury, if necessary, surgical intervention is performed. Additionally, the doctor may prescribe medications aimed at improving the condition of the body as a whole.

Treatment of fractures and dislocations of teeth Dislocation of the tooth is the displacement of the tooth in the hole with damage to its ligamentous apparatus. You can “dislocate a tooth” due to a blow or biting on hard food. With incomplete dislocation, the restoration of the tooth's metoposition and fixation in various ways is carried out, followed by filling of the root canals when the pulp dies. To treat a complete dislocation of the tooth, the tooth is returned back to the socket, the so-called replantation. Indications for tooth replantation depend on the condition of the tooth itself and surrounding tissues, the condition of the root of the tooth, the age and condition of the patient. After replantation, teeth can last up to 10 years.

An oral and maxillofacial surgeon (MCS) is a specialist who studies all pathologies of the teeth, oral organs, bones of the facial skeleton, face, and neck from a surgical point of view. This specialist in Moscow is in charge of all the organs located in the face and neck.

What do oral and maxillofacial surgeons do?

The profession of oral and maxillofacial surgeon is inextricably linked with dentistry, but it goes far beyond this. In this branch of medicine, several areas have long stood out:

surgical care for anomalies,
facial reconstructive surgery,
surgical care for injuries,
help with deformations of the tissues of the maxillofacial region.

Patients come to the maxillofacial surgeon with a wide variety of fractures of the bones of the face, with inflammation, tumors, and congenital problems. A specialist in this field restores damaged functions, restores physical health to patients, as well as the lost beauty of the face.

Not only health depends on the maxillofacial surgeon, but in many respects the further fate of his patient, work, his personal life. Moscow specialists themselves say that a successful operation fills them with spiritual joy and allows them to experience complete job satisfaction. The profession of an oral and maxillofacial surgeon is indeed very important.

Very often he has to work in close cooperation with specialists from other areas - plastic surgeons, otolaryngologists, oncologists and others, since jaw pathology sometimes negatively affects the ENT organs. In some cases, with serious injuries, the participation of a neurosurgeon is required, and in case of cancer, an oncologist. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Moscow are treated for:

lymphadenitis,
periodontitis,
abscesses
difficulties with teething in children,
phlegmon,
periostitis,
osteomyelitis of the jaw,
odontogenic inflammation of the maxillary sinus, etc.

In what cases are they referred to maxillofacial surgeons?

People are sent to the MSF in Moscow in case of emergency and planned situations. Elective surgeries are performed in the event of neoplasms, congenital pathologies, and inflammatory processes that cannot be treated in any other way. Emergency patients of the maxillofacial surgeon are all those who suffered in terrorist attacks, disasters, accidents, accidents and similar circumstances. Like any other surgeon, a specialist in maxillofacial surgery must be ready to start emergency surgical interventions day and night.

How to become an oral and maxillofacial surgeon?

A doctor practicing in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery must acquire a greater amount of knowledge, as well as undergo good practice and be ready for serious tests. In order to become a real maxillofacial surgeon in Moscow, you will need to study all the structural features of the skull and organs located in the face and neck.

Departments of maxillofacial surgery, where real specialists are trained for clinics in Moscow, exist in such large universities of the capital as:

MGMSU;
MONIKI;
MMA them. I. M. Sechenov;
RNIMU them. N. I. Pirogov;
RUDN and others.

Famous specialists of Moscow

In 1927, the textbook "Fundamentals of Practical Traumatology" was published. It was edited by Polenov, and the section on facial trauma was written by Limberg. Rauer made a huge contribution to the problem of maxillofacial surgery. In the prewar period, Lvov, Mikhelson, Uvarov, Entin, Evdokimov, Lukomsky, Kyandsky, Domracheva and many others were involved in traumatology of the face and its surgical restoration. Pirogov also called wars a “traumatic epidemic,” but it was World War II that gave new experience to traumatic surgeons.

After its completion, maxillofacial surgeons continued to use this military experience. In Moscow, the leading role in post-war research was played by the staff of the Department of Surgical Dentistry, based at MGMSU. Research was conducted by Vasiliev, Rudko, Zausaev. Numerous works in the field of the introduction of plastic implants into maxillofacial surgery belong to Bernadsky, Gavrilov, Ivashchenko, Kasparova, Kulazhenko and many other specialists.