The carpenter, playing around with it, will strengthen the chain. Unified State Examination in Russian: stresses
The Unified State Examination in the Russian language is a mandatory exam. But “mandatory” does not mean “difficult”. Most of the tasks are offered in test form, and “getting your bearings” is a matter of time and the number of similar tasks already completed. In other words, in order to solve a test in an exam, you need to solve many, many tasks at home beforehand. And - voila! – Passed the Unified State Examination in Russian.
One of the “stumbling blocks” in the exam may be task 4. Yes, yes, which is stressed. They will definitely be there. Although there is nothing complicated about accents, and the words are not taken out of thin air, but from the Unified State Examination stress dictionary in the Russian language, you still have to learn them...
Here, for example, are a few words that you can easily stumble over on the Unified State Exam:
- Mosaic
- Beet
- Bows
- Uncork
- Started
- Schoolboy
- fooling around
If the task has already caused you difficulties, you can peek in. But only on the condition that you learn all the difficult cases before the Unified State Exam. By the way, please note that in this task the parts of speech are very different...
And now let’s move on to the most interesting part: what to do if task 4 from the Unified State Exam in Russian cannot be learned in any way and cannot be trained at all?
- Do not panic! Panic has never helped anyone. In addition, when you are sober, any information is remembered easier and faster.
- Listen, listen and listen. There are a lot of videos on the Internet where people pronounce or even sing examples of stress. You can also read with expression and record the words on a voice recorder, and then listen to them on the bus or before bedtime.
- Make cards with a word written on one side and the same word on the other, but with the correct emphasis. And, again, read and pronounce, read and pronounce...
- Or you don’t have to bother with cutting out cards or recording your voice and just play a game. For example, in . In the middle there is a set of words with regular and irregular accents. You need to drag them into the “correct” or “incorrect” fields and click the “Done!” button. Points are awarded for each correctly sorted word; you will receive a bonus for completing the level quickly and without errors, but you will have to pay for mistakes: one life will be burned. There are only three lives in the game, but there are ten levels, and each new level is more difficult than the previous one. Be careful, but remember that your time is limited: the faster you complete the tasks, the better.
The most important thing in preparing for the Unified State Exam (and not only in the Russian language) is to believe in yourself! Well, and train a lot. Then the result will be good.
ZY Well, for self-test: mosaic, beets, bows, uncork, started, schoolyard, indulging. And if you suddenly remembered that some words have several variants of stress, forget it ☺ This can be done after successfully passing the Unified State Exam in Russian.
See you in the next articles!
Daria Maslova
Dictionary of accents:
Game “Stresses on the Unified State Exam”:
The Unified State Examination in the Russian language is mandatory for school graduates. Many schoolchildren are confident that passing it will not be difficult, since for the majority Russian is their native language. Despite this, we still recommend showing responsibility and devoting several hours to studying the rules and repeating spelling norms.
The main stage of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language will traditionally begin at the end of May and will last until the beginning of June 2018.
The early stage will take place from mid-March to mid-April. You can take the exam in advance:
- graduated from school in 2017;
- those who received a certificate instead of a certificate of secondary education;
- graduates of schools with evening classes;
- planning to continue their studies abroad;
- 2018 applicants who completed the curriculum in advance;
- schoolchildren who, during the main stage of the Unified State Exam, must participate in events of national or international significance;
- eleventh graders who require treatment or rehabilitation scheduled for the date of the main exam.
At the beginning of September, students who received a low score or missed the Unified State Exam due to a valid reason are allowed to take the exam (documentary evidence is required).
Main stages of the exam
Each ticket includes 26 tasks, including test questions and writing an essay on a given topic. Next year it is planned to add a task that will reveal knowledge of lexical norms. Since 2016, the Russian Academy of Education has increasingly talked about the need to introduce the “Speaking” stage into the exam.
It is possible that in 2018, in addition to all of the above, schoolchildren will be tested on their ability to verbally express their thoughts, draw conclusions and argue their position.
What words are included in the orthoepic minimum of the Unified State Examination?
One of the differences between the Russian language and others is that the stress in words can fall on different syllables, and not as, for example, in French - only on the last one. Therefore, only a few can correctly place emphasis in words. To successfully pass the orthoepic minimum in the Russian language, you will have to remember about 300 words.
A complete list of words that are included in the spelling minimum of the Unified State Exam 2018 can be found on the FIPI website. We will list only those that cause difficulties for most schoolchildren: alphabet, airports, bows, willow, religion, on time, long-standing, dispensary, to the top, get through, to the bottom, blinds, enviably, spoiled, from ancient times, catalogue, quarter, kilometer, more beautiful, garbage chute, facilitate, seal, wholesale, adolescence, parter, rights, dowry, drills, orphans, plum, means, carpenter, cakes, chain, scarves.
How to get the maximum score
The first part of the ticket consists of 25 tasks. Successful completion will allow you to receive 34 points, which is 59% of the overall Unified State Examination result in the Russian language. Assignment number 26 is an essay, the maximum score for it is 24 points, i.e. the remaining 41%. Responsible preparation for the exam, concentration during the exam and confidence in your own abilities and knowledge will help you get the highest score.
Video lesson about stress in Russian:
In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.
locked
Explanation (see also Rule below).
Let's place the accents correctly:
locked
We see a mistake in the word “locked”; it is correct to say locked. In response, we write down the word without correcting it.
Answer: locked.
How can I avoid losing points for this task?
The editors receive dozens of questions about this task, which appeared in the 2015 Unified State Examination. It was proposed in the stated formulation. Anyone who does not read the task carefully will lose points. In the answer you need to enter the word in which the mistake was made. There is no need to fix this error. Therefore, in response you need to write down the word locked. The Unified State Examination forms contain the letter E, it must be used. If you write locked, the assignment will not be credited to you.
Answer: locked
Source: Unified State Examination - 2015. Early wave
Rule: Placement of stress. Task 4.
ORTHOEPHICAL NORMAS (stress setting) are checked in task 4.
Students are required to write down one of four words in which the stress is incorrectly emphasized - the stressed vowel is indicated by a capital letter. The answer contains the word unchanged, without highlighting in capital letters. Pay attention to the letter E: if the misspelled word contained this letter, it must be written in the answer. For example, from four words:
locked
the first has the wrong emphasis. We write this word in the answer without change, with the letter E. Please note that the question of the possible writing of E instead of E is resolved simply: in front of each examinee at the exam there will be a form in which ALL permitted letters and signs are indicated. At this point in time, the letter E is in the sample forms.
To practice the skill of placing stress, RESHUEGE offers both words from the FIPI Orthoepic Minimum (2016) and words that are not included or excluded from it.
In tasks with an increased level of complexity, along with words with clearly erroneous stress, words with two stress variants are included.
FIPI Orthoepic Dictionary 2016
An important aspect of orthoepy is stress, that is, the sound emphasis of one of the syllables of a word. Stress on a letter is usually not indicated, although in some cases (when teaching Russian to non-Russians) it is customary to put it.
Distinctive features of Russian stress are its diversity and mobility. The diversity lies in the fact that the stress in Russian can be on any syllable of a word (book, signature - on the first syllable; lantern, underground - on the second; hurricane, spelling - on the third, etc. .d.). In some words, the stress is fixed on a certain syllable and does not move during the formation of grammatical forms, in others it changes its place (compare: tonn - tons and stena - stEnu - stENam and stenam). The last example demonstrates the mobility of Russian accent. This is the objective difficulty of mastering accent norms. “However,” as K.S. rightly notes. Gorbachevich, - if the variety of places and mobility of Russian stress create some difficulties in mastering it, then these inconveniences are completely compensated by the ability to distinguish the meaning of words using the place of stress (flour - flour, coward - coward, immersed on a platform - immersed in water) and even functional and stylistic consolidation of accent variants (bay leaf, but in botany: the bay family).
Particularly important in this regard is the role of stress as a way of expressing grammatical meanings and overcoming homonymy of word forms.” As scientists have established, most words in the Russian language (about 96%) have a fixed stress. However, the remaining 4% are the most common words that make up the basic, frequency vocabulary of the language.
Here are some rules of spelling in the area of stress that will help prevent corresponding errors.
Nouns
| AIRPORTS, stationary stress on 4th syllable bows, motionless stress on 1st syllable. beard, vin.p., only in this form singular. stress on 1st syllable Bukhgalterov, gender, plural, fixed stress on the 2nd syllable religion, confession of faith citizenship cheapness dispensary, the word comes from English. language through the French language, where the blow. always on the last syllable agreement document blinds, from French language, where is the blow. always on the last syllable significance, from adj. significant Iksy, im.p. plural, motionless emphasis catalogue, in the same row as the words dialogueOg, monologue, obituary, etc. quarter, from it. language, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable kilometer, in line with words centimeter, decimeter, millimeter... konus, konus, motionless. stress on the 1st syllable in all cases in singular. and many more h. CRANES, stationary stress on 1st syllable Flint, flint, blow. in all forms on the last syllable, as in the word fire lecturers, lecturers, see the word bow(s) localities, gender, plural, on a par with the word form of honors, jaws..., but news | garbage pipeline, in the same row as the words gas pipeline, oil pipeline, water pipeline intention obituary, see catalog hatred NEWS, NEWS, BUT: SEE LOCALITIES Nail, nail, motionless. stress in all forms singular. Adolescence, from Otrok-teenager partEr, from French. language, where is the blow. always on the last syllable briefcase dowry call, on a par with the words call, review (ambassador), convocation, but: Review (for publication) orphans, im.p.pl., emphasis in all forms of plural. only on the 2nd syllable means, im.p.mn.h. convocation, see call stolYar, on a par with the words malYar, doYar, shkolYar... Cakes, cakes scarves, see bows driver, in the same row as the words kiosk, controller... expert, from French a language where the stress is always on the last syllable |
Adjectives
In full forms of adjectives, only fixed stress is possible on the stem or on the ending. The variability of these two types in the same word forms is explained, as a rule, by a pragmatic factor associated with the distinction between rarely used or bookish adjectives and adjectives of frequency, stylistically neutral or even reduced. In fact, less frequently used and bookish words are often stressed on the base, while high-frequency, stylistically neutral or reduced words are stressed on the ending.
The degree of mastery of the word is manifested in the variants of the stress place: circle and circle, spare and spare, near-earth and near-earth, minus and minus, clearing and clearing. Such words are not included in the Unified State Examination tasks, since both options are considered correct.
And yet, the choice of stress location causes difficulties most often in short forms of adjectives. Meanwhile, there is a fairly consistent norm, according to which the stressed syllable of the full form of a number of common adjectives remains stressed in the short form: beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful; unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable, etc.
The number of adjectives with movable stress in the Russian language is small, but they are often used in speech, and therefore the stress norms in them need comments.
The emphasis often falls on the base in the plural form, as well as in the singular in the masculine and neuter gender and on the ending in the feminine form: right - right - right - right - right; gray - gray - gray - gray - gray; slim - slim - slim - slim - slim.
Such adjectives, as a rule, have monosyllabic stems without suffixes or with simple suffixes (-k-, -n-). However, one way or another there is a need to turn to a spelling dictionary, since a number of words “stand out” from the specified norm. You can, for example, say: long and long, fresh and fresh, full and full, etc.
It should also be said about the pronunciation of adjectives in the comparative degree. There is such a norm: if the emphasis in the short form of the feminine gender falls on the ending, then in a comparative degree it will be on its suffix: strongA - stronger, sick - sicker, zhiva - livelier, slimmer - slimmer, right - more right; if the emphasis in the feminine gender is on the basis, then to a comparative degree it is preserved on the basis: beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sadder, opposite - more disgusting. The same applies to the superlative form.
Verbs
One of the most intense stress points in common verbs is the past tense forms. The stress in the past tense usually falls on the same syllable as in the infinitive: sit - sat, moan - moaned, hide - hid, start - began. At the same time, a group of common verbs (about 300) obeys a different rule: the emphasis in the feminine form goes to the ending, and in other forms it remains on the stem. These are verbs: take, be, take, twist, lie, drive, give, wait, live, call, lie, pour, drink, tear, etc. It is recommended to say: live - lived - lived - lived - lived; wait - waited - waited - waited - waited; pour - lil - lil - lil - lilA. Derivative verbs are also pronounced in the same way (to live, to take, to finish, to spill, etc.).
The exception is words with the prefix you-, which takes the emphasis: survive - survived, pour out - poured out, call - called out.
For the verbs put, steal, send, send, the emphasis in the feminine form of the past tense remains on the basis: slAl, sent, stlA.
And one more pattern. Quite often in reflexive verbs (in comparison with non-reflexive ones), the emphasis in the past tense form shifts to the ending: begin - began, began, started, started; accept - accepted, accepted, accepted, accepted.
About the pronunciation of the verb to call in the conjugated form. Recent spelling dictionaries quite rightly continue to recommend the emphasis on the ending: calling, calling, calling, calling, calling. This
the tradition is based on classical literature (primarily poetry), the speech practice of authoritative native speakers.
| pamper, on par with words To indulge, to spoil, to spoil... but: the darling of fate take-takeA take-under take-take take up turn on, turn on, turn it on, turn it on join-join burst-burst perceive-perceived recreate-recreated hand it over drive-drive chase-chased get-got get there wait-wait get through - get through, They're getting through dose wait-waited live-lived seal borrow-borrowed, borrowed, busy, busy LOCK-LOCKED locked-locked (with a key, with a lock, etc.) call-call Call, call, call, exhaust put-klaL sneak - sneak lie-lie pour-lila flow-flow Lie-lied endow-endow overstrained-strained to be called-to be called tilt-tilt pour-poured navAT-narwhal Litter-LitterIt start-started, started, started | Call-callIt Make it easier - make it easier wet yourself hug-hug overtake-overtaken RIP-RIPED encourage take heart, take heart aggravate borrow-borrow Angry surround-surround SEAL, in line with the words form, normalize, sort, PREMIUM... vulgarize inquire - inquire depart-departed give-gave Unlock-Unlock revoke-revoked respond-responded Call back - call back overflow-overflow fruit Repeat-repeat CALL-CALLED call-call-call-call water-water put-put I understand, I understand send-sent arrive-arrived-arrivedA-arrived accept-accepted-accepted-accepted force tear-tear drill-drill-drill-drill remove-remove create-created rip-rip Litter-Litter remove-remove speed up deepen strengthen-strengthen Pinch-pinch, pinch Emphasis on participles and gerundsThe most frequent fluctuations in stress are recorded when pronouncing short passive participles. If the emphasis in the full form is on the suffix -ЁНН-, then it remains on it only in the masculine form, in other forms it goes to the ending: carried out - carried out, carried out, carried out, carried out; imported - imported, imported, imported, imported. However, native speakers sometimes find it difficult to choose the correct stress location and in the full form. They say: “imported” instead of imported, “translated” instead of translated, etc. In such cases, you should consult the dictionary more often, gradually practicing the correct pronunciation. A few notes on the pronunciation of full participles with the suffix -T-. If the suffixes of the indefinite form o-, -nu- have stress on them, then in participles it will move one syllable forward: polot - hollow, prick - pricked, bend - bent, wrap - wrapped. Passive participles from the verbs pour and drink (with the suffix -t-) are distinguished by unstable stress. You can say: spilled and spilled, spilled and spilled, spilled (only!), spilled and spilled, spilled and spilled; finished and finished, finished and finished, finished and finished, finished and finished, finished and finished. Participles
|
The fourth task of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language tests the ability of graduates to correctly place stress in various words. For correct execution, you can receive one primary point; To do this, you need to choose a word with the wrong accent. Placing stress often causes difficulties even for adults and educated people - the orthoepic norm does not always coincide with the pronunciation variant that is familiar to us.
In order to complete this task correctly, you need to put in some effort in preparation. The rules below will help with this.
Theory for task No. 4 of the Unified State Exam in Russian
In verbs that end in “-it”, the emphasis falls on the endings –ish, -it, -im, -ite, -at (-yat):
- turn on - turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on;
- call - call, call, call, call, call;
- make it easier - make it easier, make it easier, make it easier, make it easier, make it easier;
- strengthen - strengthen, strengthen, strengthen, strengthen, strengthen;
- borrow - borrow, borrow, borrow, borrow, borrow;
- hand over - hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over over;
- tame - tame, tame, tame, tame, tame;
- to pinch – it aches;
- tilt - tilt.
Exceptions in which the accent does not fall on the ending: vulgarize, inquire .
In feminine verbs in the past tense, the emphasis falls on the ending “a”:
- tookA (tookA), cleanedA (cleaned up), realizedA, tore off, overtookA, startedA, lied, left
Exceptions: past tense verbs with the prefix “you” - the emphasis in them goes to the prefix, as well as the following words: put, stole, sent, sent, sent .
In short feminine passive participles in the past tense, the emphasis also falls on the ending:
- occupied, created, removed, occupied
In verbs formed from adjectives, the emphasis falls on “-it”:
- light - make it easier
- deep - deepen
- complex - complicate
Exception: evil - Angry.
In active past participles that contain the suffix “-вш-”, the stress falls on the vowel before this suffix; the same rule applies to gerunds:
- started, understood, completed, bored
- starting, understanding, completing, giving, arriving
Exception: exhausted.
In the following words, the emphasis falls on the prefix:
- bent, curved, bent
The accent does not fall on the root “-bal-”, therefore:
- spoiled, pampered, pampered, pampered, pampered
IN In past participles formed with the suffix “-yonn-”, the emphasis falls on this suffix in the short form of the masculine gender, and in the short form of the feminine and neuter gender it goes to the ending:
- disabled – disabled – disabled – disabled
- repeated - repeated - repeated - repeated
- tamed – tamed – tamed – tamed
- populated – populated – populated – populated
- enabled – enabled – enabled – enabled
In nouns of foreign (mostly French) origin, the stress falls on the last syllable:
- blinds, parterre, bureau, jury, heretic, dispensary, quarter, obituary
Verbal nouns usually have the same stress as the original verb:
- provide - provision
- BUT conducts gas - gas pipeline
However: ease - relief .
In the following words, the stress is fixed and remains on the root in all cases:
- AIRPORT – airports
- scarf - scarves
- Cake – Cakes
- CRANE - taps
- bAnt – bAnty
The emphasis falls on the prefix “za-” in words such as:
- beforehand, after dark, before dark
It is important to remember that this rule does not apply to the word envious.
The emphasis falls on the prefix “do-” in words such as:
to the top, to the bottom, to the dryness.
It is important to remember that this rule does not apply to words red-hot, white-hot, deep-red .
You also need to remember the stress of the following words:
- more beautiful, most beautiful, plum, kitchen
Algorithm for completing the task
- We carefully read the task.
- We mentally pronounce the words suggested in the answer options, placing emphasis on different syllables.
- We do not take into account words in which the stress is correct.
- When in doubt, we recall the rules for placing stress in words of the Russian language and the exceptions to these rules.
- Write down the correct answer.
Analysis of typical options for task No. 4 of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language
The fourth task of the demo version 2018
- profited
- Boyhood
- veinAxis
- true
- took up
Execution algorithm:
- Acquired - the stress is placed correctly, in active past participles with the suffix -вш- the stress falls on the vowel before this suffix; Adolescence - that's right, you need to remember; lived – that’s right, in past tense verbs the emphasis is on the ending; true – the emphasis is placed correctly, since in short adjectives the emphasis is placed on the ending.
- The last word raises doubts: taken or taken? Let us remember the rule: in 3rd person feminine verbs the emphasis falls on the ending. This means the emphasis is incorrect.
Answer: I did.
First version of the task
In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.
- overtookA
- busy
- self-interest
- will make it easier
- joined
Execution algorithm:
- You need to find a word in which there is an error in the placement of stress.
- According to the rule about feminine past tense verbs, the emphasis in the first two words is correct; the same applies to option number 5. The emphasis in the word “self-interest” is also correct, you just need to remember it.
- In the above words the emphasis is correct.
- Option 4 is wrong; This is confirmed by the rule about verbs with the ending of the infinitive in “-it-” - the correct stress in this word is on the letter “and”. So, the answer is it will make it easier.
Answer: it will make it easier.
Second version of the task
In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.
- illness
- encouraged
- fruit
- beet
- poured
Execution algorithm:
- You need to find a word in which there is an error in the placement of stress.
- The emphasis in word number 2 is placed correctly, according to the rule about short past participles formed from words with the suffix “yonn”: encouraged - encouragedA. In word number 5, everything is also correct: it is a feminine passive participle of the past tense, the emphasis in which falls on the ending. In word number 4 there is no error in stress: in words with the letter E the stress often falls on it. So, in the word “fruit” the emphasis falls on “and”, you just need to remember
- In the above words the emphasis is correct.
- The word illness raises doubts. You need to remember that the emphasis in it falls on the letter U. Therefore, this will be the correct answer.
Answer: illness.
Third version of the task
In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.
- cakes
- put
- document
- tamed
- you'll find out
Execution algorithm:
- You need to find a word in which there is an error in the placement of stress.
- Positive - the emphasis is correct, in verbs on -it the emphasis falls on I, document - the word needs to be remembered, tamed - in the past participles with the suffix -yonn- the emphasis falls on this suffix, you will know - the word needs to be remembered.
- In the above words the emphasis is correct.
- Cakes raise doubts. In fact, the correct emphasis in it is Cakes. This needs to be remembered.
Answer: cakes.
It turns out that in order to confidently know the rules for setting stress in the Russian language, you need to periodically look into the spelling dictionary; We provide a dictionary that contains words used to compile versions of the Unified State Examination.
The greatest worry among school graduates is exams in the form of the Unified State Exam. Indeed, depending on what the results are, admission to the desired university may depend. And what is even more important for many parents of eleventh graders is the opportunity to educate their children on a budget, and not on a commercial basis. One of the mandatory exams is the Russian language, preparation for which can provide a “safety cushion” for the final score of all exams taken together. What can help you successfully pass the Unified State Exam in Russian? Spelling dictionary for the Unified State Exam 2019. To facilitate preparation for this topic, FIPI posted it on its official website.
What is orthoepy?
Orthoepy is a branch of the science of language that studies, in particular, the placement of stress.
The French do not need to bother in this regard, since in their language everything is extremely simple - the stress is constant, on the last syllable. But in Russian the stress is movable. It can fall on different parts of a word:
- to the console (nowhere);
- root(garbagepipe);
- suffix (pamper);
- ending (removed A).
In addition, different parts of a word of the same part of speech and in the same form can be in a strong position. For example: in feminine singular verbs, as a rule, the emphasis falls on the ending (sleptA, tookA, tookA). But in the words klAl, krAl, sentA the emphasis “runs away” from the ending to the root.
What is the difficulty of the orthoepy task?
Often from students when studying the topic “Orthoepy” you can hear the following phrases: “Well, why is this correct? After all, everyone speaks differently!”
The difficulty of understanding the rules for placing stress is that children constantly hear incorrectly sounding words from the people around them. Remember, how often do you hear, for example, “meatballs”, “on Wednesdays”, “cakes” or “witches”? But this is the literary pronunciation norm.
Therefore, you need to take this seriously and learn the words out loud with the correct stress.
Task No. 4 for the Unified State Exam in Russian
It is under this number that the graduate will find the assignment for the accentological norm.
Its wording in the 2019 control and measurement materials is as follows.
There is an error in one of the words below.
stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound is highlighted incorrectly.
Write this word down.
- disabled
- Boyhood
- chauffeur
- Wholesale
- news
Correct answer: wholesale.
Some rules of orthoepy
To facilitate preparation for task No. 4 on the Unified State Exam in the Russian language, graduates need to learn some rules of orthoepy.
| Orthoepy rule | Examples |
| Many feminine singular past tense verbs have a stressed ending. | lied, started, locked Exceptions: laid, stole, sent |
| Some short adjectives and feminine participles also place emphasis on the ending | Slim, right, locked, started |
| In a group of words with the root -vod- the stress falls on this root | water pipeline, garbage pipeline, gas pipeline. But the electrical wire |
| In words with the same root -bal- the stress does not fall on this root | pamper, spoiled, pampered The exception is the word darling |
| In these verbs, the stress should be on the ending. | turn on, turn on, turn on |
| In words ending in -log, the stress usually falls on the last syllable: | dialogue, catalogue, monologue, obituary |
| In words denoting measures of length and ending in -meter, the stress falls on the last syllable: | kilometer, centimeter, millimeter, decimeter |
| In some nouns the stress is fixed and remains on the root in all cases: | AIRPORT – airports bow – bows – with bows accountant - accountant X - with X - X - X CRANE - taps Lecturer – lecturers – lecturers cake – with cake – cakes – cakes scarf - scarf - scarves - scarfs |
| Some adjectives have the same stress as the original nouns from which they are derived: | plum – plum kitchen – kitchen sorrel – sorrel |
| In verbs ending in -ITE, during conjugation, the emphasis falls on the endings: -ИШ, -IT, -IM, -ITE, -AT/-YAT: | turn on - turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on hand over - hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over over get through - get through, get through, get through, get through, get through bleed - bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed. |
| Verbs are conjugated using the same pattern: | call, exclude, endow, tilt, mess up, call, ease, encourage, encourage, borrow, surround, repeat, call back, call, drill, strengthen, pinch. |
| In the following verbs ending in -IT, the stress does NOT fall on the ending: | to vulgarize - to vulgarize inquire - inquire |
| In verbs formed from adjectives, the stress most often falls on -IT: BUT: the verb to embitter, formed from the adjective evil, does not obey this rule. |
fast - speed up, sharp - aggravate, light - lighten, vigorous - encourage, deep - deepen |
| In reflexive verbs, the stress in the past tense form often shifts to the ending or suffix (in masculine past tense verbs): | begin – began, began, began, began accepted - accepted, accepted, accepted Axis, accepted |
| Participles often have stress on the same syllable as the infinitive of the verb from which they are derived: | set - having set, fill - fill, occupy - having taken, begin - having started, raise - having raised, undertake - undertaken, create - created |
| In gerunds with the suffix -ВШ-, -ВШИ- the stress falls on the vowel letter that comes before these suffixes in the word:. | having begun, having given, having raised, having arrived, having begun |
| The emphasis falls on the prefix DO- in the following adverbs: | to the top, to the bottom, to the dryness. BUT: absolutely, completely impossible |
| The prefix ZA- is emphasized in the words: | beforehand, after dark, before light. BUT: to envy is enviable |
How to prepare for an orthoepy task?
To learn the correct placement of stress in words, you need to practice. How to do it:
- download an orthoepic dictionary from the FIPI website;
- Be sure to pronounce difficult words out loud;
- You can learn words alphabetically: https://studfiles.net/preview/1843174/
- or by parts of speech.
Here you can watch a video on the topic “. Task 4. Theory and practice. Accents":
