Measles vaccination contraindications. Vaccination measles rubella mumps - side effects, which vaccine is better, revaccination

Measles, rubella, and mumps are infectious diseases traditionally considered childhood. This definition is due to the fact that children of preschool and primary school age suffer from these infections much more often than adults.

You can only get measles, rubella and mumps once in your life. There is no cure for these infections, and after the disease, immunity is developed for life. Sometimes these facts about childhood infections lead parents to think that measles, mumps and rubella vaccination is a useless exercise: there is nothing wrong with getting one of these infections, so why put extra vaccinations? In fact, the infections themselves are not so terrible as the possible consequences and complications after them. Consider how measles, rubella and mumps proceed, what complications are possible after them, and what are the rules for vaccination against these infections.

Measles

This is an infection that can be contracted through airborne droplets. The radius of spread of the measles virus is quite large, therefore, when one sick person appears in the children's team, almost all children in contact with him fall ill.

At first, measles manifests itself as an ordinary respiratory viral infection: the child's temperature rises (up to 39 degrees), cough, runny nose appear, the mucous membrane of the eye may become inflamed. A couple of days after the onset of the disease, the child develops a rash. The characteristic rash of measles is white dots that first appear on the face and then spread throughout the body. Over the course of a week, the disease progresses: the temperature persists, the rash becomes larger and larger, and then it subsides, the temperature and rash recede, and the remaining spots from the rash disappear on their own in 3-4 days.

Children under one year of age practically do not get measles because they receive maternal antibodies to this infection. In most cases, measles is easily tolerated in childhood, but can cause complications such as otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear), pneumonia (pneumonia), and encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). If an adult gets measles (and this is possible if he was not vaccinated and did not get sick in childhood), the disease will be severe, and the risks of complications increase significantly.

Rubella

This infection is also considered "children's", and children can get rubella in a very mild form, and as a result, they do not even know the exact diagnosis, since the symptoms of a mild form of the disease do not differ from an ordinary ARVI. The main symptoms are high fever, headache, general malaise, in more severe cases, lymph nodes may swell and a small rash may appear on the face and body (which can easily be mistaken for an allergy to medications).

In children, complications from rubella are extremely rare: encephalitis develops in about one case in 1000. For adults, rubella is no longer so harmless. Adults endure the disease very hard and the risks of complications increase significantly. Rubella is especially terrible for pregnant women: during pregnancy, this infection can cause severe pathologies in the fetus. It is in order to prevent such problems in the future that the rubella vaccine should be given in childhood.

Mumps or mumps

Mumps is also transmitted by airborne droplets, but its virus does not spread as easily or quickly as the measles virus, so it is more difficult to become infected with mumps. The main distinguishing symptom of this disease is inflammation of the salivary glands under the jaw and behind the ears. Because of this inflammation, the face seems to swell, hence the name “mumps,” and during the acute period it is painful for the sick person to chew and swallow. In addition to inflammation of the salivary glands, mumps is characterized by already known symptoms of a viral infection: high fever, malaise.

Possible complications after mumps: pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), meningitis or meningoencephalitis (inflammation of the membranes or tissues of the brain). The most dangerous complications caused by mumps are in the reproductive system: in boys it is inflammation of the testicles (orchitis), and in girls it is damage to the ovaries (oophoritis). The severity of these complications varies, sometimes even leading to infertility. Vaccinations can help protect your child from these health risks.

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Vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps

Before getting vaccinated, read the article on how to prepare your child for vaccination - rules, tips and recommendations —

According to the vaccination calendar ( see the vaccination calendar for children under 1 year of age in Russia — ), the first vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps is carried out according to the following schedule:

• first vaccination – at 1 year
• revaccination – after 6 years.

If vaccinations were not done on time, then they are given after 13 years.

Typically, vaccination consists of two vaccines: double for measles and mumps and separate for rubella. In clinics, all vaccinations for children are free and they use already purchased vaccines: the first is Russian-made, the second is Indian.

If parents want to reduce the number of injections or trust imported vaccine manufacturers more, they can buy and supply an imported triple vaccine (MMP-II, Priorix). True, in the case of vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps, it turns out that domestic vaccines are better tolerated and less likely to cause allergies, because quail protein is used as one of the components, and chicken protein is used in foreign ones.

Vaccinations against measles, rubella and mumps can be given on the same day as any other vaccinations except BCG. In some cases, vaccination against these infections will have to be abandoned. Contraindications to vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps are:

• immunodeficiency states
• history of severe allergic reactions (especially to chicken protein)

It is worth temporarily postponing vaccination if the child has recently had a blood transfusion. Vaccination is postponed for 3 months.

After vaccination

The measles, rubella, and mumps vaccine usually does not cause a reaction in your child. Maximum - the injection site swells and turns red a little, there may be slight pain in this place.

In cases where a reaction does appear, it may not appear immediately, but after 1-2 weeks. The child may develop a fever ( read the article: ) and suddenly signs of ARVI appear (runny nose, cough, swollen lymph nodes). Sometimes symptoms of an allergic reaction appear.

To prevent complications from vaccination, you can give your child an antiallergic drug in advance. Unpleasant sensations are relieved with painkillers, all other signs of complications are also removed symptomatically (antipyretic for fever, nasal drops for a runny nose).

In general, vaccinations against measles, rubella and mumps are considered the “easiest” for a child, and they protect him from serious health problems in the future, so it is not reasonable to refuse vaccination due to the belief that vaccinations are harmful. Timely vaccination against seemingly harmless childhood infections, carried out according to all the rules, will not cause any harm and will only help maintain health.

Encyclopedia of a young mother. Vaccinations:

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Measles – an acute viral disease transmitted by airborne droplets (by talking, coughing and sneezing). It is characterized by high body temperature (39.0 degrees C and above), a general severe condition, cough, runny nose, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes (conjunctivitis) and rash. The measles virus easily spreads over long distances - into neighboring rooms, through corridors, through the ventilation system. 95-96% of children who were in contact with sick people become infected. In the first 3-6 days, the disease looks like an acute respiratory viral infection, but already during this period you can see rashes characteristic of measles on the mucous membrane of the cheeks in the form of white dots. Over time, unlike SARS, the temperature rises again and gradually, gradually, a rash appears on the skin (it covers the face, neck, upper, and then the lower part of the body, including arms and legs), going down from top to bottom for 4- 7 days. The rashes also disappear gradually (within 3-4 days), leaving pigmentation in the places of its appearance, which also disappears after a few days. Children under one year of age rarely get measles, as they are protected by antibodies - protective proteins produced by the mother after she had an illness or vaccination. By 9-12 months. In the first year of life, maternal antibodies disappear from the baby's blood, and he remains defenseless against this disease. If a small child falls ill, especially weakened by previous diseases or having a congenital pathology, a fatal outcome is possible. Death is registered in 1 out of 2000-3000 sick children under 3 years old (in developing countries this figure is 3-10% of sick children). This disease is very severe in adults. Measles is dangerous for its complications: such as otitis (inflammation of the ear; occurs in 1 in 20 cases), pneumonia (in 1 in 25 cases), blood damage (thrombocytopenia - a reduced number of platelets, which is dangerous for bleeding; occurs in 1 in 3,000 cases) , convulsions that develop against a background of high body temperature (in 1 out of 200 patients), as well as inflammation of the brain encephalitis; in 1 out of 1000 cases). In addition, after measles, a person who has been ill temporarily develops a state of immunodeficiency (reduced protection against other infections), which contributes to the accumulation of severe bacterial infections. Rubella - an acute viral infection transmitted by airborne droplets. In children, as a rule, it occurs mildly or in the form of a disease of moderate severity. People usually get sick 11-21 (rarely 23 days) after contact with a sick person. The first 1-5 days of the disease are characterized by a rise in temperature to 38 degrees C, malaise, headache, enlarged lymph nodes, especially on the back of the head, behind the ears, and sometimes conjunctivitis. A finely spotted rash appears on the skin, which is located mainly on the lateral surfaces of the torso and limbs, and lasts up to 5 days. In general, the duration of the disease is 1-2 weeks. Complications are very rare, but the development of encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) is possible in 1 in 1000 patients.

Rubella is most dangerous for pregnant women, because this virus is capable of infecting all tissues of the fetus. If a woman gets rubella in the first half of pregnancy, especially in the first 3 months, the result may be a miscarriage or a stillborn baby. It is also possible that a baby will be born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), which includes a triad of developmental defects: - congenital heart disease, blindness (cataracts) and deafness. In addition, SHS is characterized by brain damage, including mental retardation, as well as damage to the liver, spleen, platelets and other congenital disorders. A woman can get over rubella unnoticed: if she feels normal, a minor rash appears for 1-2 days, which is sometimes ignored. And the virus, circulating in the blood of a pregnant woman, passes through the placenta to the fetus. Therefore, if a pregnant woman is suspected of being infected with rubella, it is necessary to conduct a special study (the blood is tested twice for the content of anti-rubella antibodies, and if their number increases significantly, which indicates a history of rubella, the question of terminating the pregnancy arises in the early stages, since there is a high risk of giving birth to a child with deformities).

Parotitis (“mumps”) is an acute viral infection transmitted by airborne droplets and affecting the parotid and submandibular salivary glands. They swell, causing the face to become rounded (hence the name “mumps”). This virus does not spread as widely in the environment as measles and rubella. If a sick child is isolated in a room, then children and adults who are not in direct contact with him do not become infected. The disease begins with low fever and malaise, and after 1-3 days one or both salivary glands enlarge, making it painful to chew and swallow. When examining the buccal mucosa, an inflamed papilla of the excretory duct of the salivary gland is visible on the affected side. In addition to the salivary glands, in approximately 4% of cases, the mumps virus can cause inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), as well as the membranes of the brain (meningitis) in 1 out of 200-5000 cases, very rarely (1 in 10,000 cases) it is involved in the process brain tissue, then meningoencephalitis develops (inflammation of the membranes and substance of the brain). Mumps is dangerous due to complications. In 20-30% of sick teenage boys and men, the testicles become inflamed (orchitis); in 5% of girls and women, the mumps virus affects the ovaries (oophoritis). Both of these processes can cause infertility. Possible fatalities 1:10,000 cases. All three infections (measles, rubella, mumps) are caused by viruses and do not have specific antiviral therapy. That is, there are no drugs that would prevent the severe course of the disease and complications. Therefore, the main means of preventing these infections is immunization.

Means for protection

Vaccination against measles and mumps within the framework of the national vaccination calendar, domestic vaccines are carried out, and vaccination against rubella– an Indian drug purchased by the state. Children are provided with it free of charge. Also free of charge for the prevention of measles and mumps, domestic monopreparations and a divaccine that protects against these two viruses at the same time are used. Vaccinations against rubella, measles and mumps are carried out according to the vaccination calendar when the child turns 1 and 6 years old. If a child has not been vaccinated against rubella on time, he is vaccinated in adolescence, at 13 years of age. Thus, a child with simultaneous immunization against measles, mumps and rubella with free vaccines receives two injections (divaccine and rubella separately). As an alternative (also free of charge), imported associated vaccines containing all three viruses in one dose can be used. All the drugs mentioned (both domestic and foreign) are based on weakened (attenuated) viruses, which, without causing disease, are able to create a strong immunity against infection. Domestic measles vaccine (L-16) contains a live attenuated measles virus and is available both as a monopreparation and as an associated (from Latin associo to attach) divaccine - a preparation containing attenuated measles and mumps viruses. In our country, measles vaccines of foreign companies are allowed for use - RUVAKS(measles vaccine), as well as associated triple vaccines - against measles, rubella, mumps: MMR-II, PRIORIX, ASSOCIATED MUMPS AND MEASLES RUBELLA VACCINE. For prevention mumps domestic vaccines are used: live, dry, mumps attenuated ( L-3) or associated divaccine (measles-mumps), as well as foreign associated trivaccines: MMR-II, PRIORIX, ASSOCIATED MUMPS AND MEASLES, RUBELLA VACCINE. Russian vaccine against rubella not currently released. And for vaccination against this virus as part of the national vaccination schedule (for children 1 year old, 6 years old and teenagers 13 years old), in addition to the already mentioned Indian drug, as well as MMRII, PRIORIX and ASSOCIATED MUMPS AND MEASLES RUBELLA VACCINE, mono-vaccines are registered RUDIVAX and ERVEVAX. The listed vaccines are available in dry form and must be dissolved before use. The solvent is always included in another ampoule (bottle). The diluted drug cannot be stored and must be used immediately, since under the influence of heat and light the vaccine loses its ability to induce the formation of immunity. The method of vaccine administration is subcutaneous, the injection site is the subscapular region or deltoid muscle of the shoulder. Monovaccines, divaccines or associated vaccines against measles, rubella and mumps can be administered simultaneously with any other vaccines, with the exception of BCG. Immunoglobulin and other human blood products should be administered no earlier than 2 weeks after vaccination, and if for some reason the child was transfused with blood products, then vaccination can be carried out no earlier than 3 months after their use.

Body reaction

Neither associated nor monovaccines cause post-vaccination reactions in most children. In 10% of vaccinated people it is possible local normal (ordinary) vaccine reaction in the first 1-2 days in the form of redness, slight swelling of the tissue at the injection site. The swelling persists for 1-2 days and goes away on its own. Concerning general normal vaccine reactions , then when using measles vaccine they may appear in 10-15% of children, starting from 4-5 to 13-14 days after vaccination. An increase in temperature (from 8 to 11 days, sometimes even up to +39.0 degrees C and above), runny nose, and cough are possible. After mumps vaccination general normal vaccine reactions are rare and manifest themselves in the form of increased body temperature, redness of the pharynx, and runny nose. In rare cases, there is a short-term (within 1-3 days) increase in the parotid salivary glands (on one or both sides). These symptoms may occur from 5 to 14 days after vaccination, and enlargement of the parotid glands may appear up to 21 days after immunization. Using rubella vaccine similar reactions are possible in 4-15% of vaccinated people from 4-5 to 14 days after vaccination. A runny nose, coughing, and increased body temperature may occur. Rarely, a rubella-like rash and swollen lymph nodes occur. Older people or adults may experience joint pain after vaccination. When using associated vaccines, a combination of all symptoms is possible at the same time as with monovaccination. . If the symptoms listed above or similar to them began in the first 4-5 days after vaccination, and also persist or appeared after the 15th day, this is not related to the vaccination and means that the child is ill with something. Most often, this is an acute upper respiratory tract infection. It is imperative to call a doctor to clarify the nature of the disease and prescribe treatment (for example, antipyretics, vasoconstrictor drops in the nose, if necessary, antibacterial drugs, etc.).

Possible complications

Allergic reactions. They usually occur due to additional substances included in the vaccine. All antiviral vaccines contain a small amount of antibiotic, as well as a residual amount of protein from the media in which the vaccine virus was grown. Foreign vaccines against measles and mumps contain a small proportion of chicken protein, while domestic preparations contain quail protein. This is the advantage of Russian drugs, since allergies to quail eggs are currently less common than to chicken eggs. Local allergic reactions occur in the first 1-2 days after vaccination. Swelling and redness more than 8 cm in diameter appear in the injection area. For treatment, it is necessary to use hormonal ointments and ointments that improve blood circulation (for example, troxevasin). For very large swelling, antiallergic drugs are prescribed internally. In isolated cases, general allergic reactions in the form of rash, urticaria, and Quincke's edema may occur. In the treatment of general allergic complications, antiallergic drugs are used, taken orally or as intramuscular injections. Complications involving the nervous system. Febrile convulsions are a condition that usually occurs 6-11 days after vaccination against a background of high temperature (above 38.0 degrees C). Considering the predisposition of children under 3 years of age to convulsions at elevated temperatures, their occurrence is currently not considered as a complication of vaccination, but is regarded as an individual reaction of the child to a fever caused by vaccination. Special treatment, according to many neurologists, is not required; when the temperature rises, antipyretics are prescribed based on PARACETAMOL. However, the occurrence of febrile seizures requires consultation and examination of the child by a neurologist in order not to miss the background organic damage to the nervous system, which may contribute to the development of a convulsive reaction to temperature. Vaccine-associated diseases are serious, but fortunately very rare complications of live vaccines. Post-vaccination measles encephalitis (damage to brain tissue) after measles and rubella vaccination occurs in patients with immunodeficiency conditions (primary immunodeficiency, AIDS patients in the immunodeficiency stage) with a frequency of 1:1,000,000 vaccinated people. It must be emphasized that with measles or rubella, the frequency of encephalitis is 1: 1,000 cases, which is 1000 times higher. A vaccine-associated disease after mumps vaccination is serous meningitis (non-purulent inflammation of the membranes of the brain), which occurs with a frequency of 1 in 100,000 vaccine doses, while with mumps disease, meningitis develops in 25%, i.e. in 25,000 per 100,000 cases. The diagnosis of vaccine-associated meningitis requires confirmation by a special study to prove that the causative agent is the vaccine virus.

How to prevent complications

To prevent unwanted reactions of the body to the introduction of vaccines after the use of these drugs, general approaches can be used. For children prone to allergic reactions, vaccinations against rubella, measles and mumps can be done with the simultaneous administration of antiallergic drugs. Children with damage to the nervous system and chronic diseases are prescribed therapy aimed at preventing exacerbation of the underlying disease from the day of vaccination for the entire duration of a possible vaccine reaction (up to 14 days). Frequently ill children, to prevent infection or exacerbation of chronic foci of infection (for example, sinusitis - inflammation of the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses or adenoiditis - inflammation of the enlarged nasopharyngeal tonsil) in the post-vaccination period, as prescribed by a doctor, should take general restoratives, for example, INTERFERON: 1-2 days before vaccination and 12-14 days after it. It is very important to prevent the child from coming into contact with people who have any infection within 2 weeks after immunization. It is also necessary to observe certain precautions - you should not, for example, go on a trip with your child after getting vaccinated or start visiting a child care facility for the first time. Temporary contraindications to all three vaccinations are acute illness or exacerbation of a chronic process. Vaccination is carried out after 1 month. after recovery or the start of remission. Temporary contraindications also include immunosuppressive therapy, which a child suffering from cancer may receive. Such a baby is vaccinated no earlier than 6 months after its completion. Permanent contraindications are a true immunodeficiency state (primary immunodeficiency, AIDS in the immunodeficiency stage), as well as severe allergic reactions (for example, anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema) to vaccine components (protein, antibiotics) or a post-vaccination complication to a previous dose of the vaccine.

Immunoglobulin is a drug made from the blood of a person who has been ill or vaccinated against a particular infection and has developed antibodies- protective proteins against infectious agents.

Article “Vaccinations: on the issue of safety”, No. 4 2004

Urticaria is an allergic disease characterized by a skin rash in the form of blisters and itching. Quincke's edema (giant urticaria) is an allergic disease characterized by swelling of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and mucous membranes of internal organs. Swelling of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract is especially dangerous - this leads to suffocation.

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Three common childhood infections - measles, rubella And mumps- are viral and therefore highly contagious. When unvaccinated people come into contact with a patient, 95% become infected with measles, 98% with rubella, and 40% with mumps. Moreover, the carrier of the viruses of these infections is exclusively human, that is, the microorganism circulates exclusively among people. Disease outbreaks can occur once every 2–5 years, depending on people’s quality of life, living conditions, overcrowding, nutrition, etc. Measles, rubella and mumps viruses are not capable of infecting species other than humans.

Infection usually occurs through airborne droplets, or through personal contact with an already sick or infected person. After measles, rubella or mumps viruses enter the body, some time must pass before symptoms of infection develop, the so-called incubation period. For these infections it ranges from 10 to 20 days. During the incubation period, a person is a source of the virus and can infect others. After the incubation period, a person develops characteristic symptoms of these infections, which remain for a week or two, after which recovery occurs. During the period of active disease, as well as within a week after the clinical symptoms disappear, a person is still a carrier of the virus and a source of infection for other people for approximately 5 - 7 days. Both measles, rubella, and mumps affect young children, mainly under 10 years of age. A particularly large number of cases occur in 5-7 year old children.

Today, measles and rubella are potentially more dangerous infections compared to mumps. Therefore, in countries where the epidemiological situation is unfavorable, it is recommended to focus efforts primarily on combating rubella and measles, and then include mumps. When measles epidemics subside and a decrease in incidence is recorded (so that vaccination can be introduced at 1 year rather than at 9 months), then mumps can be included in national immunization programs. When immunizing children against mumps, it is necessary to cover at least 80% of children, since with a smaller number of vaccinated people there will be a shift in the incidence of this infection to older age groups (13 - 15 years). This transfer of mumps to adolescents is dangerous, since 20% of boys develop an unfavorable complication - orchitis, which can result in infertility in the future.

Measles-rubella-mumps vaccination

Complex, polyvalent graft against measles, mumps and rubella allows you to introduce an immunobiological drug into the child’s body, which will lead to the development of immunity to three infections at once. Today, this complex vaccination is very convenient for use, since it allows you to introduce vaccine against three infections.

Measles, rubella, and mumps are not as harmless diseases as is commonly thought. Typical complications of these viral infections are damage to the central nervous system in the form of encephalitis, sclerosing panencephalitis, meningitis, optic and auditory neuritis with subsequent development of hearing loss and blindness. In addition, rubella is dangerous for the fetus - if a pregnant woman becomes ill, the child may be born with various deformities and pathologies. And mumps during pregnancy causes miscarriage in a quarter (25%) of women.

If rubella is more dangerous for women, then mumps is more dangerous for men, since a typical complication of this infection is orchitis (inflammation of the testicles) - observed in 20% of patients. Due to inflammation of the testicles, a man may develop infertility. Moreover, with mumps orchitis in adult men, infertility can be temporary, that is, transient. If a teenager aged 13–15 years suffered from mumps orchitis, then infertility may become permanent and untreatable, since the infectious process occurred during active puberty.

It is to protect children and adults from three potentially dangerous infections - measles, rubella and mumps, that a comprehensive vaccination was created. Many generations of children suffered from these infections, as well as subsequent complications. Today, the World Health Organization has developed a strategy to reduce the burden of various infectious diseases that can be controlled. Measles, mumps and rubella are controllable infections, since the incidence can be regulated by vaccination measures. And given the fact that the measles, rubella, and mumps viruses circulate only among people, then with a high percentage of population vaccination coverage, these pathogens can be completely eliminated from the population, and then our future generations will not encounter these infections at all. As a result, the danger of infectious diseases for young children will become less.

The trivalent vaccine against measles, rubella and mumps can be administered to children from the age of 1 year, and to adults at any time, provided there are no contraindications. In addition, if an epidemic or outbreak of any of these three infections develops, vaccination can be used as an emergency preventive measure to localize the outbreak and prevent further spread of the disease. This method of using the vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella has demonstrated its high effectiveness.

Long-term use of a complex vaccine against measles, rubella and mumps has shown that the strength and duration of vaccination reactions is even slightly lower than when using immunobiological drugs against only one of these infections. The combined use of the measles, rubella and mumps vaccine with the chickenpox vaccine on the same day, but subject to administration in different places of the body, also does not increase the number and severity of reactions or complications. But the complex vaccine measles-rubella-mumps-chickenpox, according to the World Health Organization, on the contrary, increases the number and severity of adverse reactions after vaccination.

Adults who have not had these infections and have not previously been vaccinated should receive two doses of the vaccine, with an interval of at least 1 month between them. Two doses are required to form full immunity and long-term immunity. Due to the fact that immunity against rubella lasts only for 10 years after vaccination, and against mumps and measles - for much longer (namely 20 - 30 years), it is recommended that revaccination be carried out once every 10 years. Revaccinations are carried out in order to prolong protection against infections, so they are carried out once every 10 years with a complex vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella. The use of this vaccine is due to the fact that after 10 years there is definitely no immunity against rubella, but there may or may not be protection against mumps and measles. If there is immunity against measles and mumps, then the vaccine viruses will simply be destroyed and the protection will be extended. If for some reason there is no immunity against measles and mumps, then the vaccination will cause a reaction and lead to the formation of protection.

Measles-rubella-mumps vaccinations for children

Vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps is given to children twice - at 1 year and at 6 years, before entering school. The two-time administration of the drug is due to the fact that not all children develop immunity after the first administration, so a second is necessary. Next, children are revaccinated against measles, mumps and rubella in adolescence - at 15 - 17 years old. Immunizing adolescents can achieve several positive results:
1. Extension of protection against rubella for girls, who in the majority in the next 5-10 years will bear and give birth to children for whom the rubella virus is dangerous.
2. Activation of immunity against measles, which will meet the vaccine virus and receive stimulation.
3. Extending protection against mumps for young men who are at the most dangerous age for the negative consequences of mumps.

Vaccination of children against measles, rubella and mumps should cover at least 80% of children, since with less coverage of the population, these infections will begin to affect representatives of older age groups, not only adolescents, but also mature men and women. In adolescents, the transmission of these infections can negatively affect reproductive health and subsequent offspring. And adults have a very difficult time with these infections, which are considered childhood infections. In addition, they are more likely to develop complications in various systems and organs. Complications of these viral infections (measles, mumps and rubella) can be expressed in the form of myocarditis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, pneumonia, etc.

Children tolerate vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella well; their body gives a minimum of reactions and maximum protection. Contrary to popular belief, these childhood infections are not so harmless. Thus, arthritis and encephalitis, as complications of measles and rubella, develop in 1 patient out of 1000, and orchitis - in 1 boy with mumps out of 20. Rubella can trigger the activation of arthritis. In addition, rubella is very dangerous for the fetus, since the virus can cause various damage to it during pregnancy. If a child was not vaccinated against measles, rubella and mumps in childhood, then immunization is carried out at 13 years of age.

Vaccination calendar measles-rubella-mumps

According to the national vaccination calendar of Russia, vaccination is carried out according to the following schedule:
1. At 1 year old.
2. At 6 years old.
3. At 15 - 17 years old.
4. At 22 - 29 years old.
5. At 32 – 39 years old and every 10 years thereafter.

If the child has not been vaccinated until the age of 13, then the vaccine is given at this age, and all subsequent revaccinations are carried out according to the schedule of the national calendar, that is, at 22–29 years old, etc.

The measles, rubella and mumps vaccine is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. For children under three years of age, it is optimal to inject the drug into the outer surface of the thigh, and for older children - into the deltoid muscle of the shoulder, between its upper and middle third. The choice of the thigh and shoulder as the injection site is due to the fact that these places have fairly thin skin, closely adjacent muscles and a small amount of subcutaneous fat. The vaccine should not be allowed to enter the fatty layer, since it can be deposited there, slowly entering the bloodstream and not having a positive effect - that is, the vaccine becomes essentially useless. The vaccine cannot be injected into the buttocks, since the muscles lie deep in this place, the subcutaneous fat layer is quite thick, and there is a risk of touching the sciatic nerve.

After vaccination

After injection of the measles-rubella-mumps vaccine, reactions appear within 5 to 15 days. This type of vaccination reaction is called delayed. The delay in reactions is due to the fact that the drug contains live, but greatly weakened measles, rubella and mumps viruses. After entering the human body, these viruses develop and provoke an immune response, the peak of which occurs 5–15 days after the injection.

All reactions to vaccinations against measles, rubella and mumps are divided into local and general:
1. Local symptoms include soreness, induration at the injection site, mild infiltration and tissue stiffness. Local reactions can form on the first day after vaccination, but they go away on their own within a few days.

2. Common reactions to the measles, rubella and mumps vaccine include:

• temperature increase;
• soreness or enlargement of the parotid, jaw and cervical lymph nodes;
• a small, pinkish or reddish rash on the body;
• muscle or joint pain;
• redness of the throat;
• runny nose;
• slight cough.

Reactions may occur in 10–20% of vaccinated children.

Reaction to measles, rubella and mumps vaccines (side effects)

Reactions to the measles, rubella, and mumps vaccine are normal, since they indicate the active functioning of the human immune system. These conditions are not a pathology, do not require treatment, and resolve on their own within a week at most. All reactions to the measles, rubella and mumps vaccine are concentrated between 5 and 15 days after the vaccine is administered. If a child or adult develops any warning symptoms not within the specified period of time after immunization, then they are in no way related to it, but are a reflection of another disease or syndrome.

Most often, post-vaccination reactions to the measles, rubella, and mumps vaccine manifest themselves in the form of fever, the formation of a small rash on the body, joint pain, runny nose and cough, as well as discomfort at the injection site. Let's take a closer look at these reactions to vaccination.

Fever

This is normal. The temperature reaction can be strong - up to 39.0 - 40.0 o C. But most often the temperature rises slightly. Against the background of a high temperature, children may experience febrile convulsions, which are not a pathology, but simply a consequence of too high a body temperature. Raising the temperature does not help the functioning of the immune system in any way, so it should be brought down. It is best to bring down the temperature with drugs containing paracetamol, ibuprofen, nimesulide (including Nurofen, Nise, etc.). Antipyretic drugs can be used in the form of suppositories, syrups or tablets. It is recommended that children use candles to bring down low temperatures; if they do not help, then give syrups. If the temperature of a child or adult is high, then it must be brought down with syrup and tablets. Adults should only take tablets or syrups as suppositories are ineffective.

Rash

The rash may appear over the entire surface of the body, or only on certain parts. Most often, the rash is localized on the face, behind the ears, on the neck, on the arms, on the buttocks, and on the back of the child. The rash spots are very small, painted in various shades of pink, sometimes even difficult to distinguish from the natural color of the skin. The rash will go away on its own; there is no need to smear it with any means. This reaction of the body is normal and does not pose any danger. A child or adult who develops a rash after vaccination is not a source of infection for others.

Joint pain, runny nose, cough and swollen lymph nodes

All these manifestations reflect the process of formation of immunity against infections that is actively occurring in the body. None of these reactions are pathological and do not require treatment. After a few days, the unpleasant symptoms will simply disappear. Regarding pain in the joints after the measles-mumps-rubella vaccination, the following pattern has been identified: the older the age of the person being vaccinated, the more often this reaction occurs. Among people over 25 years of age, 25% of people develop joint pain after vaccination.

Consequences of immunization against measles, rubella and mumps

Today, the World Health Organization understands the consequences of vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella as the development of reactive arthritis. The likelihood of such an outcome increases with the age of the vaccinated. Arthritis after vaccination can develop if there is a predisposition, which, as a rule, is formed by rheumatism suffered in childhood.

Such post-vaccination arthritis manifests itself in the cold season, and in the summer it practically does not bother a person. Reactive arthritis is quite amenable to treatment and pain relief with anti-inflammatory drugs. As a rule, reactive arthritis does not lead to severe impairment of mobility and disability of a person. There is also no progression of the disease. This means that in summer a person feels normal, but in winter an exacerbation occurs, the severity of which is the same for many years. This way, arthritis symptoms do not get worse, worse, or last longer.

Comparison of complications after vaccination and due to measles, rubella and mumps infections

The table shows the frequency of complications of various childhood infections that can develop after vaccination and as a result of a full-blown disease:

Complications

Complications from the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine are very rare, but they do occur occasionally. Complications should be distinguished from severe reactions, which are very intense symptoms of side effects, such as a profuse rash over the entire surface of the body, high body temperature, severe runny nose and cough. Vaccine complications include:

• allergic reactions in the form of anaphylactic shock, urticaria, severe swelling at the injection site or exacerbation of existing allergies;
• encephalitis;
• aseptic serous meningitis;
• pneumonia;
• temporary decrease in the number of platelets in the blood;
• stomach ache;
• inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis);
• acute toxic shock syndrome.

A severe allergic reaction can occur to antibiotics of a number of aminoglycosides or egg whites. This is due to the fact that the vaccine contains the antibiotics Neomycin or Kanamycin, and also contains trace amounts of quail or chicken egg proteins. The protein is present in the vaccine because the measles, rubella and mumps viruses are grown in a nutrient medium using eggs. Russian vaccines contain quail protein, while imported ones contain chicken protein.

Encephalitis develops in children with pathologies of the nervous system or with too weak immunity. This severe complication occurs in 1 person per 1,000,000 vaccinated people. Abdominal pain and pneumonia are not directly related to the vaccine, but are a reflection of existing chronic processes in the digestive or respiratory system, which provoke the development of pathologies due to the distraction of immunity to the vaccine. A decrease in blood platelets is not dangerous; it is usually asymptomatic, but when studying coagulation during this period of time, the indicators may have deviations from the norm.

A special complication is toxic shock, since this condition is caused by contamination of the vaccine preparation with microorganisms - staphylococci.

Contraindications to immunization against measles, rubella and mumps

All contraindications to vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps are divided into temporary and permanent. Temporary contraindications include acute periods of illness, pregnancy, or the administration of various blood products. After the condition has normalized, the vaccine can be given. After birth, the vaccine can be administered immediately, but after the administration of blood products, an interval of 1 month must be maintained.

In addition to temporary contraindications, there are also permanent ones in which vaccination cannot be done at all. Such contraindications include:

• allergic reaction to Neomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin;
• allergy to egg whites;
• presence of neoplasms;
• severe reaction to the last vaccine.

Types of vaccines

Vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps can be of several types. The type of vaccine depends on the types of weakened viruses that are included in the vaccine preparation. Today, all types of vaccine preparations used have typed viruses, cause a high percentage of immune activation and persistent formation of immunity. Therefore, you can use any type of vaccine without fear for its effectiveness and safety. In addition, according to the requirements of the World Health Organization, all vaccines are interchangeable, that is, one vaccination can be given with one drug, and the second with a completely different one.

In addition, the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine can be three-component, dicomponent or monocomponent. A three-component vaccine is a ready-made product that contains all three types of weakened viruses (measles, rubella and mumps). The multi-component drug is a combined measles-rubella vaccine, or measles-mumps vaccine. A monocomponent drug is a vaccine against one infection - for example, only against measles.

It is more convenient to use three-component vaccines, since the vaccine is administered in one injection and one visit to the doctor. A dicomponent vaccine must be combined with the missing monocomponent vaccine - for example, the measles-mumps vaccine also requires rubella separately. In this case, the vaccine is administered in two injections into different parts of the body. Monocomponent vaccines have to be administered in three injections in different parts of the body. You cannot mix different vaccines in one syringe.

Domestic measles-rubella-mumps vaccine

The domestic vaccine is produced using Japanese quail eggs, and its effectiveness is no lower than that of imported ones. The frequency of reactions and complications to the domestic vaccine is also no different from imported ones. However, Russia does not produce a three-component vaccine, which includes components against measles, rubella, and mumps. In our country, a dicomponent vaccine is produced - with rubella and mumps components. Therefore, you have to give two injections - one with a divaccine, and the second with an anti-measles vaccine in another part of the body. In this regard, the domestic vaccine is somewhat inconvenient.

Imported measles-rubella-mumps vaccination

Today in Russia, three-component imported vaccines are used, which contain components against measles, rubella and mumps at the same time. This composition of imported drugs is very convenient for administration, since only one injection is required in one place. The effectiveness of imported vaccines does not differ from domestic ones, and the frequency of adverse reactions and complications is absolutely the same as that of Russian-made vaccinations. Today, the following imported vaccines against measles, rubella and mumps are used in Russia:

• American-Dutch MMR–II;
• Belgian "Priorix";
• British "Ervevax".

Imported vaccines are not always available in a regular clinic, so if you want to get vaccinated with them, you will often have to buy the drug at your own expense. Vaccines can be purchased independently from pharmacies, or directly from commercial vaccination centers that have a range of drugs. When purchasing the vaccine yourself at a pharmacy, you must take care in advance to ensure that storage and transportation conditions are met.

Measles-rubella-mumps vaccine "Priorix"

This Belgian-made vaccine is becoming increasingly popular. The reasons for this are quite simple - high efficiency, excellent cleaning and a minimum of adverse reactions. Positive reviews about this particular vaccine also increase the level of confidence in it. An additional factor that makes a huge contribution to the popularity of the vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella "Priorix" is the manufacturing company that makes the DPT vaccine "Infanrix".

The drug "Infanrix" is an excellent vaccine that is more effective than the domestic DPT and is much less likely to cause reactions. Reactions to Infanrix are rare, and when they develop, the severity is minimal. Positive experience with the use of this drug leads to trust in the manufacturer and a desire to use their drugs in the future. Doctors have no complaints about the Priorix vaccine, so you can safely use this drug for vaccinations in children and adults.

Our country has more experience using the MMR-II vaccine compared to Priorix, so doctors more often recommend it. This is due to the fact that the number of observations of MMR-II vaccinated people is quite large, doctors and nurses know very well all the smallest possible details of vaccination reactions and know how to react in a particular situation. "Priorix" is used for a shorter period of time, doctors have not studied it so thoroughly, so natural conservatism forces them to recommend the usual MMR-II version, and not the Belgian vaccine.

Meanwhile, the Priorix vaccine has been used in Europe for many years and has an excellent reputation. Therefore, if your choice is in favor of Priorix, do not hesitate, you can safely get vaccinated. Some epidemiological indicators of this vaccine are even better than those of MMR-II. But doctors always keep in mind the working principle: “Do no harm!”, so they will conservatively offer the old, well-known option.

Before use, you should consult a specialist.

Hello again, my dear readers! Today we’ll talk about what should be instilled in our children from a very young age. Politeness, accuracy, ability to empathize, respect for elders? Undoubtedly. But in addition to moral values, there is another one - health. And it is necessary to maintain it not only with constant prevention, but also with medication.

I know that among you there are probably ardent opponents of vaccinations. We will also devote one of the topics to abandoning them. Let me make a reservation right away: I myself am one of the mothers who undergo all mandatory vaccinations with their children strictly according to schedule. However, I am loyal to those who are categorically against it. How many people, so many opinions.

I will try to explain why vaccinations are still important and necessary, we will be especially interested in revaccination: measles, rubella, mumps, at 6 years of age.

What kind of “beast” is a pig?

First, let's remember what kind of diseases these are, how they are transmitted and manifest in children.

Measles. A viral disease that is easily transmitted by coughing, sneezing, that is, by airborne droplets. You can recognize it by the following signs: runny nose, cough, general malaise, fever, and most importantly, a rash all over the body. The measles virus is very tenacious and pervasive. It is capable of traveling long distances, and if it gets into the body, it will most likely manifest itself soon.

Rubella. The route of infection is the same. Usually, symptoms begin to appear on the 10-11th day: fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, rash in the form of small spots. Children tolerate the disease quite easily.

Mumps. Popularly known as a pig. The face of the sick person, indeed, is more reminiscent of the muzzle of this animal: it is rounded, the salivary glands (submandibular and parotid) swell. The mumps virus is not so tenacious, and you can get infected only if you have direct contact with the patient. The general condition worsens, the temperature rises, then the salivary glands increase. It becomes painful and difficult for the patient to chew and swallow food. Complications of parotitis are quite dangerous for the reproductive system: in boys and men, inflammation of the testicles occurs, in girls - the ovaries, which can lead to infertility.

One injection is not enough

Unfortunately, universal pills for these three diseases have not yet been invented, so immunization remains the only way to deal with them to this day. One vaccine is enough to counter three dangerous viruses at once. However, they do it more than once.

The first vaccination occurs at 1-1.5 years of age and is given in the thigh. The second, in accordance with the national vaccination calendar - for 6-7 years, is done in the forearm. If you were unable to meet the deadline, it is important to go to the hospital as soon as possible and get vaccinated. Growing up, the child communicates with more and more people, in kindergarten, school, on the street, in the sports section, and each of the interlocutors can be a potential carrier of the virus.

By the way, dear mothers, were you vaccinated yourself as a child? If not, then grab your medical insurance policy and run to the clinic. If you get sick, you will be in serious trouble. I apologize for the pun, but the complications of measles and mumps in adulthood are very difficult to bear.

So, we figured out when and where to get the MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine.

"Reactive" consequences

Now let’s talk about how such a “triple” blow of the vaccine is tolerated. You need to be prepared for the fact that the reaction will be significant and resemble the disease in its lighter and slightly accelerated version. However, vaccination is the introduction of a virus into the body in a microscopic dose, so that antibodies are developed and the real infection cannot penetrate and harm.

Most children and adults tolerate MMR vaccination quite easily, but some may experience:

• Temperature (6-12 days after administration, it may rise to 39 degrees or higher; usually lasts up to 2-5 days with accompanying symptoms: chills, aches. If the fever is significant, then you can bring it down).
• Rash (a fairly rare occurrence; it may appear in the form of red spots on the body and limbs 7-10 days after vaccination).
• Enlarged lymph nodes (as a rule, they enlarge throughout the body, in most vaccinated people. This is not dangerous).
• Joint pain (usually observed in children and women; discomfort and pain are concentrated in the area of ​​the hands and fingers)
• Pain and numbness at the injection site (the “button” thickens and causes some concern, but this reaction of the body to the vaccine is completely normal; sometimes the injection site makes itself felt for several weeks).
• Swelling and pain in the scrotum. (sometimes boys and men experience just such a reaction. After some time, the pain and swelling go away without affecting reproductive function in any way).

How to avoid complications

Well-known pediatrician Dr. Komarovsky urges not to confuse the normal reaction to the vaccine and the side effects from it. Some vaccinations are easier to tolerate, others are more difficult. After CCP, it is rare, but complications do occur. Here are some of them:

• Allergies (swelling, redness). It is associated with the content of the antibiotic in the vaccine and the residual protein on which it was grown. It can go away on its own, but sometimes it requires treating the swollen area with ointments (troxevasin) or taking antihistamines.
• Cramps. Appear against a background of high fever 6-11 days after injection. You can alleviate the child’s condition with antipyretic drugs, but if it worsens, it is better to see a neurologist. The doctor must make sure that there is no damage to the organic nervous system.
• Diseases associated with drug administration. They are quite rare, but it is better to know about them. Serous meningitis (non-purulent inflammation of the meninges) can develop due to the anti-mumps component of the vaccine. Measles post-vaccination encephalitis (damage to brain tissue, more often in children with immunodeficiency).

To avoid sad consequences, it is important to know when it is better to postpone the MMR vaccination (and many others) or refuse it altogether. Every mother should know these contraindications by heart:

• severe weakening of the immune system, immunodeficiency;
• severe allergies after previous vaccinations;
• serious pathologies and chronic diseases.

Sometimes, if a baby has a common runny nose and cough, the doctor advises first to be cured, and only then get vaccinated. In general, reviews of the “triple” action vaccine are quite good. As a rule, there are no complications. A child vaccinated on time acquires lasting immunity against mumps, rubella and measles.

In this article we will look at a topic that is very exciting for parents. Namely, vaccinations against measles, rubella and mumps. Recommendations to help parents make the right choice are described below.

Rubella, mumps and measles infections are quite common throughout the world. These are viral diseases transmitted by airborne droplets.

When contacting a person who has mumps, the risk of infection is about 40%, and rubella or measles is 92-98%. These diseases are very dangerous and in some cases can cause serious consequences.

Mumps (mumps).

Symptoms:

• damage to the ear and submandibular glands, as a result of which they swell
• large swelling of the face
• general malaise
• slight fever
• intoxication of the body

Possible complications:

• pancreatitis
• meningitis
• deafness
• in young men, inflammation of the testicles (orchitis)
• in girls, ovarian damage (oophoritis)

Measles.

Symptoms:

• very high temperature (up to 40 °C)
• the presence of a rash - first it appears on the mucous membrane of the cheeks, and then on the skin, covering the body from top to bottom
• conjunctivitis
• runny nose
• dry cough

Possible complications:

• pneumonia
• laryngitis
• tracheitis
• blood diseases

Rubella.

Symptoms:

• high temperature (up to 38 °C)
• headache
• malaise
• rash in the form of small red spots on the sides of the legs, arms, and torso
• lymph nodes behind the ears are enlarged

Complications:

• in rare cases, inflammation of the brain (encephalitis)
• In women during pregnancy, all tissues of the fetus are damaged, which leads to the appearance of pathologies in the unborn child

These diseases do not have typical antiviral treatment. Therapy is prescribed to eliminate symptoms and to prevent complications.

Vaccination is a way to avoid possible infection with these viruses.

Vaccination can be done:

• child - from 1 year
• for adults – at any age (recommended up to 55 years old)

After the vaccine is administered duration of immunity saved:

• from mumps, measles – from 20 to 30 years
• from rubella - about 10 years

Features of vaccination and revaccination:

• it is possible to carry out the procedure simultaneously with other preventive vaccinations (except BCG).
• vaccines that are not included in the National Vaccination Calendar are administered 1-3 months apart.
• The tuberculin test must be administered either with vaccination or 6 weeks after it, in order to avoid a decrease in sensitivity to tuberculin and obtaining a false result.

Contraindications for vaccination against these diseases are:

• periods of exacerbation of chronic diseases
• pregnancy
• neoplasms
• planning for conception within the next 3 months
• allergy to a previously administered vaccine
• primary immunodeficiency
• high sensitivity to any component of the vaccine
• acute intestinal diseases
• tuberculosis
• blood diseases and the period of 3 months after transfusion
• oncopathology

Vaccinations against measles, mumps, rubella for children

Children are vaccinated with MMR twice:

• at 12 months
• at 6 years old

This double procedure is due to the fact that after a one-time administration of serum, immunity is not formed in all babies. Therefore, repeated manipulation is required for a positive result.

• for girls - for prevention against rubella, since in the next 7-10 years most of them are likely to become pregnant, and this disease is extremely dangerous for the fetus;
• for young men - in order to protect against mumps, infection of which during puberty can lead to infertility in the future.

In cases where the child was not vaccinated in childhood, the first vaccine is administered to the adolescent at the age of 13.

The area of ​​vaccination depends on the age of the child:

• up to 3 years – outside thigh
• after 3 years - in the shoulder muscle or under the shoulder blade

This is due to the fact that in the indicated places:

• the skin is thin and located close to the muscles;
• subcutaneous fat is thin - in thick layers of fat the vaccine is deposited, enters the lymph slowly, and the effect of the procedure is reduced to almost zero.

Basic rules for vaccinating children:

• The child must be healthy. On the day of vaccination, check his well-being and measure his temperature.
• It is necessary to take a blood and urine test to determine the general condition of the body
• The neurologist must confirm the absence of any contraindications from the nervous system
• In the presence of a chronic disease, vaccination is done during a period of clear remission

Vaccination per year: measles, rubella, mumps

The first vaccination for the purpose of preventing the infectious diseases in question is given to children upon reaching 12 months. It is believed that this period is the most optimal for vaccination, since viral infections are very dangerous for children under five years of age.

Up to a year, the baby is protected by antibodies that he received from his mother. In cases where the mother has not been vaccinated and has not suffered from these diseases (that is, does not have immunity), the child can be vaccinated at 9 months.

In most cases, one-year-old children tolerate vaccination quite easily. The following reactions may occur:

• poor appetite
• slightly elevated temperature
• anxiety
• redness in the throat
• sleep disturbance

Vaccinations at 6 years: measles, rubella, mumps

The second vaccination should be given after the child turns 6 years old. In cases where the baby was given the first vaccination not at one year old, but later, revaccination is still carried out at the age of six.

Symptoms appear almost as they did at 12 months. In addition, in rare cases, post-vaccination complications may occur. complications of the following nature:

• sore throat
• bronchitis

They may be caused by the fact that at this age the child is very active, and it can be quite difficult for parents to ensure his correct behavior before and after the vaccination procedure.

Reaction to the measles, rubella, mumps vaccine

Reactions to MMR vaccinations are usually easily tolerated.

In the first two days, 10% of vaccinated children may:

• redness of the grafting area
• slight swelling
• slight soreness at the vaccination site

From days 4 to 15, systemic reactions sometimes develop as a result of an infectious process caused by strains of the virus (manifests in 15% of children):

• elevated temperature
• small rashes
• catarrhal phenomena
• enlarged lymph nodes
• cough
• muscle and joint pain
• runny nose

Such phenomena are considered normal and do not require therapy, as they go away on their own. Sometimes therapy is prescribed to eliminate symptoms.

If negative conditions appear outside the specified time period or are too acute, this usually indicates the presence of some kind of chronic illness. In this situation, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Measles, rubella, mumps: side effects from vaccination

The vaccine for vaccination is an active agent of the immunobiological type. It causes certain types of changes in the human body, which, in addition to positive ones that develop immunity, may be undesirable, in other words, side effects.

Side effects are reactions of the body that occurred after vaccination, but were not its purpose.

The following types of side effects are distinguished:

Local– manifest themselves due to the fact that when the skin is damaged and a foreign component penetrates into the body, an inflammatory process occurs at this site. In the injection area appears:

• seal
• painful sensations
• redness

System, general– other systems of our body are affected. These reactions, in fact, are an indicator of the work of the vaccine, which has launched the processes of creating immunity. These reactions include:

• elevated temperature
• cough
• runny nose
• digestive disorders
• swelling in the testicle area in boys
• aching joints (usually in adults)
• a temporary decrease in the number of platelets, which leads to bruising and minor nosebleeds

In certain cases, from the administration of a live vaccine, the process of reproducing the disease itself is observed, only in a weak form.

To help your baby cope with adverse reactions, doctors recommend the following:

• Give your child plenty of warm liquids to drink
• do not suggest trying new foods to rule out allergic reactions to unfamiliar foods
• limit contact with people to avoid infection
• avoid both overheating and hypothermia
• do not overfeed your baby

Immediate consultation with a doctor is necessary in the following cases:

• suffocation
• loss of consciousness
• vomiting, diarrhea
• the area of ​​swelling at the injection site exceeds 3 cm
• temperature 40°C, which is not affected by medications

Temperature after vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps

According to doctors, after the vaccination procedure, an elevated temperature is an absolutely normal reaction, indicating activation of the immune process. In most cases, it appears 4-5 days after manipulation.

As a rule, there is a slight increase in temperature, but sometimes it reaches 39-40 °C.

Very high temperatures sometimes cause febrile convulsions in young children.

Elevated temperature must be lowered, since in these cases it does not help the immune system.

• they should contain paracetamol to alleviate the condition
• for children, bring down the temperature with antipyretic suppositories and syrups
• Adults are advised to take medications in tablets or syrups, since suppositories are ineffective for them.

Such a high temperature usually lasts for a couple of days. If a serious condition persists for a long time, you should consult a doctor.

Vaccination measles, rubella, mumps: rash

A vaccination reaction in the form of a skin rash usually appears after the procedure on the fifth day. Basically the rashes look like this:

• the spots are a bit small
• are pink in color
• main localization – back, neck, behind the ears, face

Factors that provoke the appearance of rashes after vaccination:

• reproduction of the vaccinated virus in the skin;
• increased bleeding that occurs - may be a reflection of mild temporary bleeding disorders, but may also indicate serious pathologies or complications;
• allergic reactions to the composition of serums.

In this case, the skin reaction is absolutely normal and does not require the use of ointments. A person with such a rash cannot infect others with the infection. However, if the discomfort is severe, you can use itch-relieving remedies.

In the case when a strong allergic reaction is observed during the first vaccination, it is necessary to be tested for the presence of an allergy to the components of the vaccine. If the examination results confirm sensitivity to the components of the drug, then revaccination should be canceled

Vaccination measles rubella mumps: complications

Post-vaccination complications are serious conditions of the body that occurred after serum was introduced into it.

After vaccination against the infections discussed in the article, complications are recorded quite rarely. They must be distinguished from difficult tolerable side effects after vaccination: rash, runny nose, fever or cough.

Complications after the vaccination procedure may appear in the form of:

• Allergies(urticaria, anaphylactic shock, extensive edema) - as a reaction to additional substances included in serums (for example, antibiotics) or egg white (since the drug contains this component).
• Pneumonia, or pneumonia– provoked by chronic diseases of the respiratory system.
• Encephalitis(extremely rare) – as a result of irritation of the meninges by the vaccine virus. It can develop in children with pathologies of the nervous system or very weak immunity.
• Serous aseptic meningitis(1 case in 100,000) - requires additional research to confirm the vaccine cause.
• Allergic myocarditis– due to sensitivity to the components in the composition of the drug.
• Severe pain in the abdominal area– as a reflection of diseases of the digestive tract.
• Acute toxic shock– indicates contamination of the vaccine with staphylococcus due to improper storage and use.

According to experts, complications after vaccination rarely depend on the composition of the drug. The most common causes of these negative consequences are:

• individual characteristics of the body
• improper storage of drugs
• violation of the technique of administering vaccine serum
• the addition of another infection - inflammation of a purulent nature or an infection that was in the body during the incubation period during the vaccination

To prevent possible complications, it is necessary to use a general approach to proper vaccination:

• People prone to allergies must take antihistamines at the same time as vaccination.
• Children who are often sick are prescribed drugs to strengthen the body (for example, Interferon) a couple of days before the procedure and 10 to 14 days later.
• in the presence of chronic ailments, as well as an acute form of the disease, the vaccine is given a month after recovery.
• Children with pathologies of the nervous system are prescribed treatment to prevent exacerbation.

Should I get the measles, rubella, mumps vaccine?

All parents are wondering whether to vaccinate their child to prevent infections such as rubella, measles, and mumps. The information space is filled with numerous reviews of various kinds: from mandatory necessity to categorical denial of the usefulness of this procedure.

It is known that people get measles, mumps and rubella once in their life, after which the body develops immunity to these viruses throughout its life. This fact makes many parents refuse vaccination. However, possible complications in case of infection with these diseases are much higher than adverse reactions after vaccination.

Before deciding whether to vaccinate their baby, parents should consult a pediatrician, neurologist, and undergo the necessary tests.

The vaccination in question is not mandatory. So you have the right to decide for yourself whether to do it or not to your child. However, before refusing vaccination, you need to think carefully about all the possible risks.

Vaccination measles rubella mumps: Komarovsky

According to the famous children's doctor Evgeniy Komarovsky, vaccination is one of the achievements of modern medicine and it is necessary to vaccinate a child against diseases. He draws the attention of parents to the fact that before vaccination against measles, death occurred in 1% of cases, and in 30% this disease caused dangerous complications in the form of encephalitis, pneumonia, eye damage, etc.

The doctor insists that the risk of vaccination is thousands of times less than the risk of disease. You just need to carry out the procedure wisely, taking into account the general well-being of the child.

What can be done after vaccination with measles, rubella, mumps?

There are no special rules of conduct after vaccination against rubella, mumps and measles. There are only general recommendations that must be followed.

You can swim after the procedure, following some rules:

• do not comb the place where the injection was given
• Make sure the water is clean so that microorganisms do not get on the area of ​​the vaccination.
• do not allow your child to bathe for long periods of time to avoid additional stress on his nervous system
• avoid hypothermia when swimming

Typically, pediatricians advise taking short showers rather than baths on the first day after the vaccine is administered.

In addition, many are interested in whether a child can go for a walk after he has been vaccinated. According to doctors, there are no restrictions on walking. Fresh air is good for a child. It is necessary to focus on his well-being.

Walking should be avoided if the reaction to the vaccine is difficult to tolerate and is accompanied by:

• high temperature
• allergic reactions
• cough
• difficulty breathing

A slight temperature and slightly increased excitability are not prohibitions on staying outside. The only condition is limit contacts with other people, since the immune system after vaccination is quite weak and there is a high probability of infection from infected people.

Which vaccine is better against measles, rubella, mumps?

The type of vaccine directly depends on what types of weakened viruses are contained in the drug. In modern medicine, such serums contain a typed virus, are interchangeable and provide sustainable activation of the immune system.

Vaccines for preventive vaccinations to prevent CCP are divided into the following types:

• monocomponent – ​​from one disease
• dicomponent - from two (from measles and mumps, measles and rubella)
• three-component or polyvalent – ​​against three viruses

Dicomponent vaccinations can be combined with single-component ones. In this case, vaccination is carried out with two syringe injections.

Polyvalent vaccines are complex, in which a vaccine is introduced into the body that produces immunity to three infections at once. This is very convenient, since in one manipulation a person receives protection from three diseases at once. Vaccines against these infections are produced in different countries.

Russian pharmacology produces the following products:

• mumps attenuated L-3
• measles monovaccine L-16
• mumps-measles divaccine

It has been proven that the effectiveness of these drugs is very high. In addition, it is believed that domestic vaccines are more easily tolerated, due to the fact that they contain quail egg protein, and not chicken, as in their foreign counterparts.

In our country don't produce polyvalent serum against three infections and monocomponent against rubella. Government clinics purchase Indian drugs to prevent this infection.

Vaccines from foreign manufacturers are presented on our pharmacological market:

• Pavivak (Czech Republic) – one-component against mumps
• Ervevax (UK) – single-component anti-rubella
• Priorix (Belgium) – three-component
• MMR-II (America - Netherlands) - three-component
• Rudivax (France) – one-component rubella
• Ruvax (France) – one-component measles

Imported drugs are not always available in domestic clinics. You can purchase them yourself in our pharmacies, as well as in commercial vaccination centers. When purchasing independently, it is very important to follow the rules for storing serum and its transportation.

The drugs from all of these manufacturers have proven themselves well. The duration and frequency of post-vaccination events are almost the same for everyone. Difference The only problem is that three-component vaccinations are more convenient and require only one procedure.

In domestic clinics, the drug MMR-II has extensive experience in using imported drugs. Possible reactions after vaccination with this vaccine have been well studied in our clinics. Therefore, doctors often recommend it.

Vaccination "Priorix" against measles, rubella, mumps

Recently, the Priorix vaccine has become increasingly popular among doctors. It has been used in Europe for quite a long time, but it appeared here relatively recently.

Priorix is ​​an attenuated (otherwise weakened live) vaccine to create immunity against mumps, measles and rubella. Produced in Belgium. Clinical studies have confirmed the high effectiveness of this pharmaceutical product.

This vaccine kit includes:

• ampoule with special solvent
• bottle with vaccine component (dried and lyophilized)

This serum is also used for the purpose of preventing one of these diseases (for example, when a person has had mumps, but has not been vaccinated against rubella and measles). The body will develop immunity against the new virus, and stimulate additional production against previously transmitted ones. According to studies, this vaccine has some indicators higher than other analogues.

In addition, the advantage of the vaccine is that it can be used for emergency prevention of measles infection in the first 72 hours after contact with an infected person.

Whether and when to vaccinate against these diseases is up to parents to decide. But it is worth approaching this issue responsibly, since complications and consequences can be disastrous. May your children be healthy.

Video: Vaccinations: reactions and complications