Translucent mucous discharge. Causes of pathological leucorrhoea that resembles snot

Vaginal discharge- this is the result of the secretory activity of glandular structures, mainly located in the vagina. To a lesser extent, the glands of the overlying genital organs participate in the formation of vaginal secretions. Physiological vaginal discharge is present in all women and girls after puberty, and in postmenopause their amount is minimal.

In the mucous membranes lining the walls of the vestibule of the vagina, as well as the cervix, there are glands that constantly produce a small amount of secretion for irrigation, protection and cleansing of the vagina. The presence of such discharge in the vagina is necessary and is not a pathology. A change in the nature of the usual discharge occurs due to harmless reasons or signals serious problems.

Physiological vaginal discharge is not too abundant, does not cause discomfort to the woman and does not affect the condition of surrounding tissues. Vaginal discharge is considered normal if it meets several criteria:

- they are liquid or mucous, transparent or slightly cloudy, less often jelly-like;

- the amount of discharge does not exceed their usual norm for a particular woman;

- do not have a pronounced unpleasant odor;

- do not cause irritation and inflammation of the surrounding mucous membranes, accompanied by itching, pain or discomfort.

We can say that the “normality” of the amount and consistency of vaginal discharge is primarily determined by the woman herself, since the concept of “normal” can vary significantly. For some women, increased or scanty amounts of vaginal discharge are considered normal if their character does not change throughout life and if they are not accompanied by pathological symptoms.

The external characteristics of the discharge are also not always interpreted correctly by patients. Sometimes the discharge changes its appearance when interacting with air and leaves marks on the underwear of a “not its” color. If the discharge comes into contact with chemicals found in hygiene products, it can also change its appearance. During a gynecological examination, the nature of the vaginal contents is assessed more reliably.

As a rule, in most healthy women the daily amount of fluid in the vagina does not exceed 2 ml, and its composition is dominated by lactobacilli and squamous epithelial cells. Representatives of conditionally pathogenic microflora are present in the vagina in minimal quantities (about 2%): gardnerella, mycoplasma, anaerobic bacteria, staphylococci, streptococci and fungi. To prevent unwanted microflora from multiplying, a constant acidic environment with a pH of 3.8 - 4.5 is maintained in the vagina with the help of lactobacilli.

The nature of vaginal contents can be affected by:

— Natural cyclical hormonal fluctuations affect vaginal discharge, changing not only its quantity, but also its consistency. On the eve of menstruation, the amount of vaginal discharge increases and it becomes more viscous.

The most popular reason for visiting a gynecologist is heavy and unpleasant vaginal discharge of an unusual type. Leucorrhoea can have a wide variety of colors (from white to red), consistency (jelly, “cottage cheese” or foam) and be accompanied by unpleasant sensations and pain. In some cases, leucorrhoea is the only symptom of the disease.

The amount of discharge is an important indicator in the diagnosis of diseases. Complaints about strong vaginal discharge do not quite correctly characterize the nature of leucorrhoea. Discharge does not have “strength”, it only has quantity, so it is more correct to replace strong vaginal discharge in the formulation of complaints with heavy vaginal discharge.

As a leading symptom, pathological vaginal discharge accompanies a huge number of gynecological diseases, but most often (60-70%) they appear with inflammatory diseases of the genitals.

Diagnosis of the causes of leucorrhoea most often does not cause difficulties; a simple laboratory study of quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of vaginal secretions (“flora smears”) helps to determine the source of the disease.

Therapy for pathological vaginal discharge involves eliminating the source of the disease and restoring normal parameters of the vaginal environment.

Causes of vaginal discharge

When they say “vaginal discharge,” they mean pathological discharge - leucorrhoea, and not normal vaginal contents, because, as a rule, a woman does not notice the usual vaginal discharge.

At the heart of the pathological process in the vagina, leading to the appearance of discharge (or leucorrhoea), there is a single trigger mechanism - a change in the quantitative composition of the microflora and the acidity of the vaginal environment. The vaginal mucosa is in a state of constant self-renewal due to the desquamation of “old” cells and the proliferation of new cells. Lactobacilli interact with the surface cells of the vaginal epithelium, they break down the glycogen they contain into lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, resulting in an acidic environment in the vagina. Unwanted microflora cannot multiply in an acidic environment, so its amount in the vagina remains minimal.

The vaginal epithelium is hormonally dependent, therefore the state of the vaginal environment is affected by cyclic hormonal changes in the body: estrogens provide the mucosal cells with glycogen, and gestagens help the surface layer of cells to be rejected in time. Thus, a biphasic ovulatory cycle helps maintain a constant vaginal environment. Dyshormonal disorders in the body can provoke pathological vaginal discharge.

However, leucorrhoea does not always mean that the disease is localized specifically in the vagina. Based on the place of origin, they are distinguished:

- Vaginal leucorrhoea. They appear more often than others and accompany inflammatory, infectious diseases or.

- Pipe leucorrhoea. Appear against the background of inflammation in the fallopian tubes. The walls of the inflamed fallopian tube become swollen, their lumen narrows, the inflammatory secretion accumulates in the tube, and then pours into the uterus in portions and enters the vagina through the cervical canal. If the contents of the tube enter the ovary, symptoms of adnexitis appear.

- Uterine leucorrhoea. They occur predominantly during inflammatory processes in the endometrium.

— Cervical (cervical) leucorrhoea is the result of increased secretion of the cervical glands during inflammation.

— Vestibular leucorrhoea is produced by the glands of the vestibule of the vagina.

In girls, in 55% of cases, the appearance of leucorrhoea is not associated with gynecological pathology and is caused by metabolic, allergic or endocrine disorders in the body. During active puberty, the amount of vaginal discharge may increase, but it is physiological. Only 30% of girls and adolescents have pathological vaginal discharge, and most of it is infectious in nature.

During pre- and postmenopausal periods, leucorrhoea is associated with atrophic processes in the mucous membranes or cancer. Sometimes the appearance of leucorrhoea in elderly patients is associated with prolapse of the genital organs.

Leucorrhoea against the background of foreign bodies in the vaginal cavity can be profuse, purulent and have an unpleasant odor. Staying hygienic tampons, a vaginal ring (pessary) in the vagina for too long, as well as foreign objects introduced from outside can cause leucorrhoea.

There is probably not a single woman who has not experienced changes in the nature of vaginal discharge, but not every one of them required medical help. The presence of provoking factors does not always lead to the appearance of leucorrhoea. In healthy women with a good immune system and normal hormonal status, deviations from the normal parameters of the vaginal environment are compensated by the body’s internal resources. However, sexually transmitted infections in even the healthiest patients require therapy.

White vaginal discharge

The appearance of vaginal discharge may not always reliably indicate the true cause of its appearance. Physiological vaginal discharge sometimes has a whitish tint, but due to its small amount, a woman may not know what it looks like and begins to pay attention to it only when its amount increases due to natural causes: in the middle of the menstrual cycle, after stress or intimacy and so on. As a rule, in such cases, in addition to the discharge, the patient is not bothered by any other subjective sensations, and after examination it is not possible to establish the presence of a pathological process.

In pregnant women, physiological discharge before childbirth becomes whitish, abundant and thicker. Unlike leucorrhoea, they are not accompanied by discomfort and do not require treatment.

A pathological process can be suspected if the patient complains of atypically thick and unpleasant white vaginal discharge accompanied by itching, burning or a feeling of discomfort. Such discharge most often indicates excessive proliferation of fungal microflora, that is, the appearance of vaginal candidiasis. The source of the disease is Candida fungi. They may be present in small quantities in the vagina, and their growth is inhibited by lactobacilli. If the normal composition of the vaginal microflora is disrupted, the fungi begin to actively vegetate, displacing beneficial microorganisms.

Vaginal candidiasis is accompanied by characteristic symptoms. Patients complain of abundant and thick white vaginal discharge. Characteristic white inclusions in the form of crumbs or flakes give the whites of candidiasis a resemblance to cottage cheese or sour milk (hence the second name of the disease - “thrush”). The discharge is always accompanied by severe itching, which intensifies in the evening and often does not subside throughout the night, not allowing the woman to rest.

Upon examination, the vaginal mucosa always shows signs of severe inflammation (swelling and redness) with characteristic white “films”. Attempts to remove such plaque are accompanied by severe trauma to the mucous membrane and the appearance of blood. Heavy discharge irritates the inflamed mucous membrane of the vagina and vulva, causing a burning sensation. If the inflammatory process spreads to the urethra, the patient may experience complaints associated with urinary disorders.

Often, patients with vaginal candidiasis can clearly indicate the cause of leucorrhoea. The most common of these is the incorrect use of antibiotics.

Vaginal candidiasis can also have a chronic form, then all the symptoms are mild, and the first place is taken by complaints of cheesy white leucorrhoea (sometimes even without itching).

The diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis is usually not difficult. The presence of cheesy discharge, characteristic signs of fungal inflammation in the vagina and the detection of Candida fungi in smears allow you to quickly make the correct diagnosis.

Therapy for vaginal candidiasis involves the use of antifungal drugs and restoration of normal vaginal pH. Successful treatment of candidiasis does not guarantee relapse of the disease.

Yellow vaginal discharge

Most leucorrhoea is accompanied by inflammation in the vagina. Severe inflammation develops against the background of a decrease in the ability of the vaginal mucosa to resist infection, that is, pathogenic microflora. An infectious process in the vagina can be provoked by “own” microorganisms (the case when opportunistic microbes become the cause of the disease) or pathogens from outside (genital infections).

A sign of an infectious process in the genitals is a yellow, purulent discharge. Long-term purulent discharge acquires a greenish tint.

Abundant, watery, yellow or yellow-green vaginal discharge may indicate trichomoniasis. The disease is caused by Trichomonas and is venereal. In addition to leucorrhoea, the patient is bothered by pain, itching, burning and urinary dysfunction. A distinctive sign of trichomonas inflammation is the foamy appearance of leucorrhoea and an unpleasant, stale odor. If the disease is not cured on time, it becomes chronic.

Creamy purulent discharge is characteristic of a serious sexually transmitted disease - gonorrhea. The disease is acute, with severe symptoms of inflammation and fever. Inflammation in gonorrhea quickly rises to the overlying genital organs, causing symptoms of endometritis or adnexitis. If the infection spreads to the fallopian tubes, they “stick together” due to the accumulation of inflammatory fluid, so one of the unfortunate consequences of gonorrhea is.

Leucorrhoea does not always indicate the presence of a pathological process in the vaginal area. Inflammation of the uterus or appendages is also accompanied by pathological discharge. Most often, with acute endometritis, profuse purulent vaginal discharge is accompanied by severe fever and pain.

It should be noted that leucorrhoea can have a yellowish tint of different origins. To establish the exact cause of their appearance, it is necessary to conduct a laboratory study of the composition of the vaginal contents. A large number of leukocytes in a smear always indicates intense inflammation, and identification of a specific pathogen indicates the cause of the disease.

Brown vaginal discharge

Blood colors vaginal discharge in all shades of red - from scarlet to dark brown. The presence of a small amount of blood in vaginal discharge can always be suspected by its characteristic color. Typically, dark brown vaginal discharge indicates the presence of a source of minor bleeding in the genital tract, when a small amount of blood has time to oxidize and break down before it comes out.

The most common cause of brown discharge is menstrual irregularities. Typically, the patient experiences spotting, dark, brown vaginal discharge of varying duration during any period between menstruation. Sometimes such discharge replaces normal menstruation.

The appearance of slight brown spotting vaginal discharge is not always a sign of disease. In some women, they are observed while taking hormonal contraceptives (especially low-dose ones) or an intrauterine device. As a rule, the appearance of such discharge is short-term and is not accompanied by any subjective unpleasant sensations. If spotting brown discharge bothers a woman constantly, it is necessary to consult a specialist.

Some women decide on the method of contraception on their own and choose a hormonal drug on the advice of friends or a pharmacist at the pharmacy. Continuous spotting between menstruation in such cases may indicate that the drug has been chosen incorrectly. Each hormonal contraceptive contains a certain ratio of sex hormones (estrogens and gestagens). It is not the same for different drugs and is selected individually, based on the age and hormonal status of the patient, so you should not rely on independent choice.

Intrauterine contraception (“spiral”) in some cases provokes spotting:

- in the first time after the insertion of the IUD, the uterus perceives it as a foreign body and tries to free itself;

— the uterine mucosa at the site of “attachment” of the spiral may be slightly injured.

Such discharge should not last long or be accompanied by discomfort or pain. Otherwise, it is necessary to decide on its removal.

Minor brown discharge may appear briefly after douching or overly aggressive sexual intercourse due to microtrauma of the mucous membrane. Spotting brown or pink discharge from the vagina after an abortion or cauterization of cervical erosion also indicates the presence of injuries to the mucous membranes of the vagina and uterus. As a rule, such discharges are temporary and disappear on their own.

Sometimes spotting is accompanied by pain or fever, which indicates an infectious-inflammatory process in the genitals.

Pathological discharge from sexually transmitted infections may contain a small amount of dark blood. The intense inflammatory process caused by sexually transmitted infections destroys the surface epithelium of the vagina with the formation of microtraumas.

Some gynecological diseases are accompanied by intermenstrual spotting vaginal discharge: uterine fibroids, and endometrial fibroids.

The appearance of brown discharge against the background of a delay in the next menstruation may indicate a very dangerous condition -. Sometimes, in addition to spotting, there are signs of normal (uterine) pregnancy and abdominal pain of varying intensity. Often this condition is mistaken for a threatening miscarriage. An interrupted ectopic pregnancy threatens the patient’s life and requires immediate surgical intervention.

Sometimes, in late pregnancy, the source of slight dark vaginal discharge can be dilated vessels of the cervix, in other cases they signal a threat of miscarriage.

Clear vaginal discharge

Transparent vaginal discharge without color or odor in a small amount corresponds to the concept of normal. Typically, they look like clear mucus or egg white. The viscosity and amount of vaginal discharge depends on the composition of the vaginal microflora, the content of sex steroids and some individual characteristics of the body.

There is no strict standard for discharge. In some women, an increased amount of discharge is observed constantly and is not accompanied by diseases.

Physiological secretions predominantly contain epithelial cells and lactobacilli. If there are many epithelial cells, they give the discharge a whitish tint.

Sometimes clear discharge begins to bother a woman constantly, leaves stains on her underwear or is accompanied by unpleasant subjective sensations; in this situation, the reason for such changes should be understood.

A slight presence of fresh blood is indicated by short-term pink vaginal discharge. Therapeutic and diagnostic manipulations can provoke minor violations of the integrity of the mucous membrane; blood from the surface of microtraumas enters the vaginal secretion and turns it pink.

“Cauterization” or “freezing” of cervical ectopia is accompanied by the formation of a dense crust, healthy tissue grows under it, then the wound surface heals completely, and the crust is rejected. This process may be accompanied by pink vaginal discharge of a short duration.

Mucous discharge from the vagina

Light vaginal discharge of a mucous type without pathological impurities and odor, which does not cause itching, burning or discomfort, is the norm. Sometimes mucous discharge becomes more viscous and stringy, and in appearance resembles egg white.

The mucous appearance of vaginal discharge is due to the cervix.

Clear and thick cervical (or cervical) mucus forms in the cervix, sometimes called a “plug.” It is produced by the cells of the cervical canal mucosa and performs important functions:

- prevents unwanted bacteria from entering the uterus, performing a barrier role;

- thanks to the mucous cervical secretion, sperm entering the vagina are “transported” to the uterus.

The composition and acidity of cervical mucus correlates with normal vaginal secretions, and its viscosity is controlled by sex steroids. To ensure that sperm can easily enter the uterus, at the time of ovulation the density of cervical mucus decreases and it flows into the vagina. Therefore, the amount of vaginal mucous discharge during ovulation increases.

The consistency and amount of cervical mucus is directly dependent on the level of sex hormones. Methods for studying the state of cervical mucus at different periods of the cycle, especially during ovulation, in women with infertility help determine the presence of dyshormonal disorders.

The Billings method is based on studying the viscosity of cervical mucus at different periods of the cycle. At the end of the next menstruation, the vagina is “dry” - there is practically no discharge. Towards the middle of the cycle, the mucous discharge becomes so viscous that it can be easily stretched between two fingers. The period of ovulation (middle of the cycle) is accompanied by an increase in vaginal discharge, it becomes liquid. Then the discharge becomes viscous again, and then disappears completely. If the cervical mucus indicators do not change, we can assume. This method cannot reliably determine the presence of hormonal abnormalities and is indirect.

Bloody vaginal discharge

The only normal time for bleeding from the vagina is during menstruation. The source of menstrual bleeding is the extensive wound surface of the uterine cavity, formed after rejection of its outer mucous layer.

Discharge of blood from the vagina, not associated with menstrual bleeding, always indicates the presence of a disease. Important diagnostic criteria are the duration of bleeding and their quantity. As a rule, a single small amount of red vaginal discharge can provoke:

- Sexual contact, especially if the partner has cervical pathology - erosion or.

— Diagnostic procedures: taking smears, aspiration biopsy of the endometrium, diagnostic curettage, laparoscopy, and so on.

— Mechanical disruption of the integrity of the integumentary epithelium during douching, use of a gynecological speculum during examination, or insertion of the uterine ring during prolapse of the genital organs. Much less often, the vaginal mucosa is damaged by foreign bodies in the uterus.

— Inflammatory changes in the vagina make the mucous membrane easily vulnerable, so they can sometimes be accompanied by slight bleeding.

— A slight discharge of scarlet blood from the vagina after an abortion is associated with injury to the mucous membranes of the uterus and cervical canal. Normally, their intensity should decrease until they completely stop on their own.

The most common causes of significant vaginal bleeding are:

— Menstrual cycle disorders. In the absence of ovulation, the cyclic processes of the uterus and ovaries are disrupted, which leads to the appearance of intermenstrual bleeding.

— Polyps of the cervical canal and endometrium provoke bleeding of varying intensity if they reach large sizes, are injured or undergo decay.

— Uterine fibroids of significant size prevent the muscular wall of the uterus from contracting properly and cause prolonged menstruation or intermenstrual bleeding.

— Bleeding with severe inflammation of the uterus and appendages is associated with a disruption of the normal hormonal status of the body under the influence of infection.

— With endometriosis, the discharge is only sometimes abundant and bright, but is always associated with menstruation.

Acyclic bleeding can accompany some non-gynecological pathologies: diseases of the blood coagulation system,.

Sudden heavy bleeding against the background of a sharp deterioration in health appears in emergency conditions that threaten the life and health of a woman. Most often these are:

— Submucous (submucosal) fibroids of the uterine body. Sometimes fibroids grow into the uterine cavity in the form of a node, causing severe bleeding and pain. The most dangerous complication of submucosal fibroids is uterine inversion.

— Retention of parts of the fertilized egg after a medical abortion or spontaneous miscarriage. Pieces of remaining tissue prevent the uterus from contracting, causing bleeding. A similar situation occurs after childbirth, when a piece of the placenta remains in the uterus.

— Interrupted ectopic pregnancy.

— Complications of pregnancy: premature spontaneous termination of pregnancy, placental abruption.

— Postpartum hemorrhage associated with rupture of the soft tissues of the vagina and/or cervix, especially when they are sutured incorrectly or at the wrong time.

If untimely bleeding occurs, you should immediately visit a doctor.

Vaginal discharge with odor

Microorganisms present in the vagina during their life processes release chemical compounds with different odors. In healthy women, there is an individual, subtle odor in the area of ​​the external genitalia. Normally, he should not bother a woman. Increased vaginal odor often signals problems.

The simplest reason for the appearance of unpleasant-smelling discharge is a violation of the rules of intimate hygiene. If they disappear after normal hygiene procedures, there is no need to worry.

The smell of vaginal discharge is perceived differently by patients, since everyone’s sense of smell is not equally developed. However, there is a group of diseases that have a characteristic, unique smell of vaginal discharge.

Discharge from sexually transmitted infections has an unpleasant odor. With trichomoniasis, an unpleasant, pungent odor accompanies copious, foamy discharge.

The sour odor of vaginal discharge in vulvovaginal candidiasis is caused by Candida fungi.

One of the most common diseases with a characteristic vaginal odor is bacterial vaginosis, characterized by the appearance of copious homogeneous vaginal discharge with a very specific smell of stale fish. Bacterial vaginosis does not have a specific pathogen; it develops against the background of a quantitative change in the composition of the vaginal microflora with the participation of opportunistic microorganisms.

Under the influence of unfavorable factors in the vagina, the number of lactobacilli decreases and the pH changes, which is fertile ground for the development of dysbiosis. Instead of lactobacilli, opportunistic microflora begins to multiply in the vaginal environment; the more of it, the more pronounced the symptoms of the disease, including vaginal odor.

The unpleasant odor of vaginal discharge in patients with bacterial vaginosis is associated with the activity of anaerobic bacteria: they produce amines. As amines break down, they release a “fishy” odor. If the disease occurs in an erased form, the amine test reveals a specific vaginal odor: the contents of the vagina are mixed with an alkali solution, which destroys amines, and a “fishy” odor is obtained.

Despite the heavy discharge, during examination for bacterial vaginosis there are no signs of local inflammation; this serves as an important diagnostic sign.

To save the patient from bacterial vaginosis, it is necessary to eliminate unwanted microflora and restore normal biocenosis in the vagina.

Discharge of urine from the vagina

Urine discharge from the vagina always indicates the presence of a genitourinary fistula. Urogenital fistulas in women are a pathological formation (course) between the vaginal cavity and the bladder. Much less common are genitourinary fistulas between the bladder and uterus.

The cause of the formation of a genitourinary fistula is often incorrect obstetric and gynecological operations, during which a rupture of the wall of the vagina or uterus occurs with perforation (formation of a hole) in the bladder.

The appearance of genitourinary fistulas may be preceded by criminal abortion.

Very rarely, perforation of the uterus during a medical abortion leads to the formation of a genitourinary fistula. As a rule, this situation arises if the patient has a pronounced infectious process in the uterus.

Genitourinary fistulas can be of a traumatic nature and occur against the background of serious injuries to the genital organs of a non-gynecological nature.

If a violation of the integrity of the vaginal walls is diagnosed at the time of its occurrence (for example, during surgery), then it is immediately eliminated surgically. In some cases, sharp surgical instruments leave damage invisible to the eye, and pathological symptoms appear much later.

The most characteristic symptom of a genitourinary fistula is the discharge of urine from the vaginal cavity. If the external opening of the fistula is located next to the opening of the urethra, it is difficult to recognize it, and urine output is mistaken for incontinence.

Continuous leakage of urine into the vagina causes inflammation of the mucous membrane with toxic compounds. Signs of severe inflammation appear – , . Long-term inflammation of the mucous membranes of the vagina provokes the development of a purulent process. In this case, vaginal discharge becomes purulent and acquires an unpleasant odor. A long-standing vaginal infection through the fistula cavity can enter the urinary tract and cause.

Diagnosis of genitourinary fistulas begins with a vaginal examination, which makes it possible to detect the opening of the genitourinary fistula and pronounced changes in the vaginal mucosa. Ultrasound and urological examinations help clarify the diagnosis. Urogenital fistulas are eliminated surgically.

In conclusion, I would like to note that almost all newly appeared and disturbing vaginal discharge requires an attentive attitude, namely an immediate trip to the gynecologist.

Around the middle of the menstrual cycle, women experience discharge in the form of snot from the vagina. They may cause concern, but in most cases do not pose any threat to reproductive health.

Transparent discharge in the form of snot in women of reproductive age may appear on different days of the menstrual cycle for the following reasons:

• Maturation of the egg and the body’s readiness for pregnancy;
• Pregnancy;
• Sexual infections;
• Inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system;
• Menopause.

Most often, discharge in the form of snot appears in the middle of the menstrual cycle, which indicates the readiness of a mature female reproductive cell for fertilization. During ovulation, a woman observes an increase in mucous white discharge, reminiscent of egg white.

Those representatives of the fair sex whose cycle is established and works “clockwise” can, by the appearance of these secretions, know exactly when the days favorable for conception come. If a couple is planning a child, then discharge in the form of snot is a signal for active action, but if not, then if the vaginal discharge in the form of viscous protein increases, you should be more careful in protecting yourself.

At the end of the ovulation period, the mucous, transparent discharge is replaced by a creamy white discharge, which, when dried, can leave yellow marks on the laundry. This physiological phenomenon and the changes in the nature of mucus that occur are due to hormonal levels.

If there is a complete absence of snot-like discharge from the vagina during the cycle, you should consult a doctor for examination, as this may indicate estrogen deficiency or an anovulatory cycle.

Discharge in women like snot with blood is observed after menstruation, as a rule, already in the last days of menstruation, thus the uterus is cleared of blood clots and veins accumulated inside. An admixture of blood in mucous secretions can also be observed after a gynecological examination or diagnostic procedures - this is caused by minor damage to the vaginal mucosa with instruments or injury to an erosion that begins to bleed.

Discharge in the form of snot, having an unpleasant odor, colored gray or cheesy, indicates diseases of the genitourinary system, including those transmitted through sexual contact.

These include:

1. Gardrenellosis - copious, mucous, gray discharge with an unpleasant fishy odor;
2. Vaginal candidiasis - thick mucous discharge in large quantities in the form of curd flakes with a characteristic sour odor;
3. – discharge is abundant, mucous, green or yellow in color, due to the admixture of pus;
4. – snot-like watery discharge, accompanied by the formation of painful blisters on the surface of the external genitalia;
5. – clear or white discharge in the form of snot in large quantities with accompanying symptoms of the disease;
6. Ureaplasmosis;
7. – copious mucous discharge in the form of foamy snot, colored yellow or green.

Symptoms and treatment for snot-like discharge

A woman should immediately seek medical help if she experiences snot-like discharge from the genital tract in large quantities (more than 1 teaspoon per day), accompanied by the following clinical symptoms:

• Itching and redness of the external genitalia;
• Pain when emptying the bladder;
• Cutting sensations in the perineal area;
• Pain in the lower abdomen and lower back;
• Pain and discomfort after and during sexual intercourse;
• Increased body temperature;
• Menstrual irregularities.

Treatment is selected by a gynecologist or venereologist individually for the patient, depending on the diagnosis and the causative agent of the infection. Most often these are broad-spectrum antibiotics that are effective against gram-positive and gram-negative flora.

If a fungal infection is detected, the patient is prescribed antifungal drugs and restoratives; for genital herpes, antiviral drugs based on Acyclovir are prescribed.

For sexually transmitted diseases, both sexual partners must undergo treatment without having sex during the treatment period, otherwise the infectious agent will be transmitted to each other.

Copious vaginal discharge in a woman may appear during menopause or in the premenopausal period. Increased discharge is caused by hormonal changes, however, to exclude infectious and inflammatory diseases, it is better for the patient to consult a gynecologist.

Pregnancy is a period of numerous changes in a woman’s body that are necessary to bear a healthy baby. The work of all organs and systems of the expectant mother is aimed at providing optimal conditions for the development of a new life. As soon as the embryo attaches to the endometrium of the uterus, a mucous clot is formed in the uterine cervix, which is also called a protective plug.

The main task of this plug is to protect the uterine cavity and the unborn baby from penetration of pathogenic microorganisms from the outside into the inside.

In addition, the pH environment of the vagina also changes, which together can lead to increased discharge from the genital tract in the form of clear or white snot. Thus, the vagina is cleansed, and local immunity prevents the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria inside the cavity.

Mucous discharge during pregnancy does not normally have an unpleasant odor and does not cause the expectant mother any discomfort; the only condition for a woman is careful adherence to intimate hygiene and wearing underwear made from natural fabrics.

In the later stages, the appearance of mucus in the form of thick snot from the vagina may indicate the release of the protective plug, which means that childbirth is imminent.

The plug does not necessarily come off completely; the discharge can continue for several days or even weeks, while the mucus sometimes contains blood in the form of streaks. In any case, if the expectant mother is worried about increased discharge from the genital tract, she can always contact a gynecologist for consultation and additional examination.

Mucous discharge from the vagina is an integral part of the functioning of the woman’s genital organs. Discharge is a protective mechanism that helps remove dead cells, sweat, excess moisture, secretions from the genitals, and the mucous mass helps eliminate various microorganisms from the walls of the vagina. Normally, the mucous mass should be transparent or light-colored. Its volume is small. It does not have an unpleasant odor. But if various diseases occur, the color, volume, smell and consistency of mucus begins to change. You definitely need to pay attention to these changes. You should immediately go to the hospital for examination, because The disease should not be neglected or neglected. Otherwise, this can lead not only to various serious consequences, but to the development of cancer or infertility.

How does discharge appear?

The causes of mucous discharge are varied. But many women are interested in the question of how they are formed. Special glands are designed for this. They are located in the area of ​​the cervix and in the area of ​​the cervical canal. New material for mucus is constantly being produced. When the cells have served their purpose, they are removed from the vagina. Then new ones take their place. This process is very important for a woman’s body, because... it performs the function of independently cleansing all organs of the female reproductive system.

The secretion includes not only the mucus that is produced, this substance also contains moisture. It is released from the vaginal cavity and gradually mixes with uterine secretions. During different periods of a woman’s reproductive potential, the volume of this fluid differs. By the way, the most intense discharge is during sexual intercourse. Then the uterine and cervical fluid is diluted with sweat, which is produced in the vagina. After this, the secretions of various glands are added. As a result, the secretions include mucus, which consists of the secretions of various glands, sweat, moisture, subcutaneous fat, sperm (if condoms were not used) and epithelial cells that have already been destroyed.

The discharge should be clear or slightly whitish. A light shade and the absence of a sharp unpleasant odor are a sign that this type of mucous liquid is a healthy phenomenon. In addition, a woman should not feel discomfort or pain during discharge. The amount should not exceed 2 spoons per day.

Causes of heavy mucous discharge from the vagina

There are many factors that can cause changes in the volume, smell, consistency and color of mucous discharge. For example, this may be not only the state of pregnancy or menopause, but also the use of various medications. It is also affected by stressful situations and sexual arousal. But more dangerous are discharges that have changed their appearance due to the development of various diseases.

1. Transparent discharge. Discharge in the form of an ordinary transparent mucous mass is a signal that the ovaries are working normally. No more than 2 ml is released per day. When analyzing such a substance, various impurities and purulent masses are not detected, so they do not have a smell or a different color. The structure and volume of the liquid depends on what phase of the menstrual cycle occurs. For example, if a woman is ovulating, the discharge will be more abundant.
2. Red discharge. If the discharge has a reddish tint and is quite abundant, then this indicates possible erosion in the area of ​​the uterine cervix. In addition, this may be caused by the formation of polyps in this area or the development of inflammatory processes. If the discharge has a red tint, this indicates the presence of blood in the discharge. It is possible that red discharge is only a signal that a new menstrual cycle is beginning and bleeding will soon begin. When menstruation ends, the mucus becomes clear again.
3. Yellow slime. If the mucus has a yellowish or greenish tint, then this may well indicate that the woman has an active infection in the genitals. For example, it could be trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, thrush. By the way, in the latter case, the discharge will more likely have a cheesy consistency.
4. Brown slime. If the mucus has a brownish tint, then your period will most likely begin soon. But if this happens in the middle part of the cycle, then it is necessary to check the body for the presence of inflammatory processes in the uterus. In other words, a woman may be developing endometritis or endometriosis. It is better to contact a gynecologist in advance to have your body checked.

What diseases cause mucous discharge

You need to learn to distinguish healthy normal mucous discharge from those caused by various diseases.

There are many diseases that have a similar symptom. This most often concerns endometriosis. This disease is very common. With this disease, layers and growths are formed in various organs of the human body, which are similar to the endometrial layer, which is located in the uterine cavity. This pathological phenomenon is very serious, because it develops very quickly. Treatment of endometriosis will take quite a long time. By the way, inflammatory processes can begin in one organ and then spread to others. So the disease can affect any organ. The external symptom is mucous discharge that has a brownish tint or clots of a similar color. By the way, this discharge begins before or after menstruation.

Another disease that is characterized by the discharge of an abnormal type of mucus from the vagina is endometritis. In addition to discharge, a person will experience discomfort, discomfort and even pain in the internal genital area. Body temperature may rise. Symptoms of intoxication of the body with harmful substances appear.

In addition, mucous discharge can be caused by the presence of polyps in the nose. The same applies to hyperplasia of the endometrial layer. Both of these diseases need to be treated as early as possible, because... they can lead to serious consequences. In the worst cases, it will be impossible to fertilize the eggs.

The most common cause of atypical discharge is thrush. This disease is also called vaginal candidiasis. It is caused by a fungus of the Candida class. In this case, the mucous secretions become cheesy and have an unpleasant, pungent odor. In addition, the vulva and vagina are irritated.

If vaginal discharge after your period has ended has a brown tint, then this is considered normal and not pathology. In this case, medical attention will not be required. Mucous, transparent or whitish discharge before sexual intercourse is also considered normal. This body secretes additional lubricant. After sexual intercourse without a condom, this is also not a pathological process. Perhaps this is how the body tries to remove sperm. But if the mucus begins to change color or consistency, it is better to consult a doctor for the presence of pathologies and diseases.

Mucous discharge from the vagina is a normal process that occurs through the genitals of women. If the discharge is clear and odorless, then there is no need to worry about it. But if they begin to change, acquiring incorrect shades of color and smell, then you definitely need to be examined by a gynecologist. Thanks to timely consultation with a doctor, you can begin treatment in the early stages, which is much easier than if the disease is advanced. In addition, severe forms of illness can provoke infertility or the development of cancer, so it is better not to ignore alarm bells.

The period from the moment of puberty of a girl until the decline of reproductive function is necessarily accompanied by secretion from the vagina. The most commonly observed mucous discharge in women is snot, which under certain conditions is considered normal. But disorders that require therapy cannot be ruled out.

The characteristics of the body, the influence of hormonal levels or age, STIs, surgical intervention - a list of some of the reasons for the appearance of mucous-like discharge in women. Let's look at the most common of them and decide when a symptom is a reason to visit a gynecologist.

Characteristics of normal discharge in women

The release of a substance from the genital tract can be attributed to a cleansing mechanism that removes “waste materials” from the reproductive organs. The composition of leucorrhoea is:

1. Dead cells that are spontaneously rejected by the uterus and excreted through the fallopian tubes and vagina.
2. Non-inflammatory effusion that accumulates in the blood and lymphatic vessels.
3. Various microorganisms that form microflora, but have become obsolete.
4. Moisturizing, enveloping and protecting mucus produced by the cervix and “washing” the uterine cavities (cervical fluid).

Vaginal discharge like snot should not be a cause for concern if it:

• transparent (colorless);
• have whitish veins;
• leave a yellow mark on the panty liner after drying;
• odorless or slightly sour;
• do not cause discomfort (burning, itching, pain);
• viscous, lump-free and dense clots of pus;
• several hours or days are noted.

Based on the norm established by gynecologists, the volume of secretions of clear mucus without third-party aromas should not exceed 4 ml per day (one teaspoon). If the threshold is slightly exceeded, but no changes in other parameters are observed, then this phenomenon can be attributed to the peculiarities of the functioning of the reproductive organs.

The photo shows normal female mucus discharge:

Physiological causes of discharge clear as snot

The presence of very abundant mucous membranes is not normal. This is due to the fact that before reaching puberty, the egg is in the stage of formation and active development, which means that the hormone estrogen is just preparing for production.

This substance is a harbinger of the formation of the menstrual cycle. After the girl has reproductively “formed” and become a girl, she will be constantly present, changing intensity and saturation depending on the phases of the cycle.

Mucus discharge after and before menstruation

The appearance and volume of discharge depends on the predominance of a particular hormone in a particular phase of the cycle. Such secretion is allowed before and after menstruation.

1. At the beginning of the menstrual cycle after monthly blood loss, most girls notice viscous sticky mucus on the pad, sometimes mixed with blood, so a pink or light red tint is possible. Heavy mucous discharge after a scanty period sometimes means pregnancy.
2. In the middle of the cycle, ovulation occurs, which is accompanied by a maximum amount of estrogen. This hormone makes the discharge abundant and also reduces its viscosity to facilitate the path of sperm to the egg, while at the same time it can pull the lower abdomen. However, not all women have a thin mucus consistency at this time.
3. Towards the end of the menstrual cycle, the hormonal background stabilizes, there is less and less secretion, it becomes transparent, sometimes slightly white, and the consistency resembles a cream or even jellied meat. A few days before your period, the secretion may appear again, so discharge like clear mucus stretching between the fingers is not excluded.

Probability of conception and pregnancy

If there is a delay, and instead of menstruation there is a discharge very similar to snot, then pregnancy cannot be ruled out. The level of the hormone prolactin increases in the body, causing thicker secretion, which protects the woman’s reproductive system and fetus from harmful bacteria and infections. At this time, brown or pink mucus from the vagina is also possible, indicating the fixation of the fertilized egg in the uterine cavity.

In the second trimester (from 14 to 27 weeks), a small amount of such discharge indicates a normal course of the gestation period. When their volume increases, they flow like water, which means there is a threat of premature birth, especially if blood clots are present.

But in the later stages (9th month), the appearance is most often associated with the release of the mucus plug, which indicates the approach of labor. Small blood clots may be present, but significant blood loss requires immediate medical attention.

At first there will be red or brown copious discharge, which will gradually become transparent and thicken, resembling mucus. Some pain is possible, but it goes away with time.

Menopause

Constant discharge in significant quantities, even without discomfort, indicates disturbances in the microflora of a woman’s vagina. Without timely diagnosis and properly selected treatment, protective functions are reduced, creating favorable conditions for various infectious and fungal diseases.

Snot-like discharge based on shade

No less than the volume and consistency of the secretion, its color also indicates the processes occurring in the woman’s genital organs.

Transparent with green particles

The discharge indicates the presence of an advanced sexually transmitted infection. Accompanied by a characteristic putrid odor, burning and itching in the perineal area. Sometimes they are supplemented by pain in the lower abdomen and allergic rashes in the armpits.

White

White, odorless mucous discharge is not caused by diseases of the reproductive system, and may well be a physiological norm if we are talking about the following:

• the beginning of the ovaries (puberty);
• a specific segment of the monthly cycle;
• suffered stress;
• sudden climate change;
• reaction to an intimate hygiene product;
• use of HRT or OK;
• pregnancy;
• preparing the body for childbirth;
• breastfeeding;
• menopause

The appearance of a rich white color, a cheesy consistency and an unpleasant odor indicates thrush. A woman in this condition feels itching and burning, and swelling of the external genital organs is also possible.

Chronic candidiasis is dangerous because the symptoms are not systematic, appearing only during exacerbations, against the background of weak immunity or prolonged treatment with antibiotics. Particular caution should be exercised by pregnant women who are uncomfortable with the appearance of white snot-like discharge, since thrush can be transmitted to the baby during childbirth.

Yellow

Why do women secrete yellow mucus like in the photo above? Often their occurrence indicates infectious diseases or inflammatory processes. This condition is characterized by:

• large amounts of secretion and clots;
• presence of pus;
• increased body temperature;
• foamy consistency;
• cutting pain in the abdomen or lower back;
• strong unpleasant odor (rot, fish);
• pain when urinating (suspicion of cystitis);
• unpleasant sensations during sex that do not go away on their own.

Doctors also associate the yellow tint of secretion with allergies and the initial period of taking OCs.

Yellow-green and gray

Each type of infectious disease is accompanied by characteristic vaginal secretion:

1. Copious amounts of gray, snot-like substance that smells like fish (hardrenellosis).
2. Jelly-like or watery secretion due to the appearance of blisters on the labia (genital herpes).
3. A large number of yellowish or (trichomoniasis).
4. The presence of clear mucus with a very unpleasant and pungent aroma (ureaplasmosis).
5. Abundant mucopurulent secretion with or without odor (chlamydia).

Transparent discharge with blood like snot and no odor

Most often, pink color indicates the following:

• the beginning or end of the menstrual cycle;
• endometritis, in the presence of an unpleasant odor;
• cervical erosion at an early stage;
• internal microtrauma due to improper placement of the coil, tampon, or during intimacy;
• threat of miscarriage, combined with nagging pain in the lower abdomen and sharp spasms in the lower back during pregnancy;
• tumor development when mucous discharge with blood streaks is present in menopause.

Brown

During menstruation, female discharge with a brown tint resembling snot is a physiological norm, but prolonged ichor mixed with mucus may indicate the following conditions:

• internal bleeding;
• acute inflammatory process in the uterus;
• pathology of blood and lymphatic vessels in the internal cavities or fallopian tubes;
• endometritis during an exacerbation;
• polyps;
• spiral rejection;
• ectopic pregnancy;
• the threat of miscarriage at an early stage of the gestation period and premature placental abruption at a later stage.

A manifestation of a physiological norm, indicating the correct functioning of the reproductive organs - transparent and mucous discharge. If such a secretion is burdened by pain, an unpleasant odor, or volumes that are many times higher than normal, this is a serious reason to contact a specialist. Such manifestations can act as symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases or serious pathologies of the uterus that require curettage or cleaning.

Transparent, odorless discharge in women is usually a normal phenomenon; they accompany the fair sex all the time. Their volume and consistency are determined by the phase of the menstrual cycle and are indicators of the normal functioning of the ovaries and uterus. These transparent mucous secretions are a biological fluid with its own natural composition. It contains fragments of dead cells, lymph transudate, mucus of the cervical canal, and some bacteria: staphylococci, fungi, lactobacilli. The normal volume does not exceed 1 tsp. per day.

The presence of any discharge of a different nature is the most common complaint of women at an appointment with a gynecologist. But when does the norm turn into pathology? You should know about this in order to identify the disease in time and begin to treat it at an early stage.

Even girls have leucorrhoea after birth, through which the child’s body is freed from the remaining maternal hormones - this takes a month. Further, transparent mucous discharge in women is present throughout their reproductive years and even during menopause. They do not occur only in a month-old child and up to 10 years of a girl’s life. During this period, there is no mature egg and the main female hormone estrogen is not produced. Exactly one year before the appearance of the first menstruation, they appear. This is a sign that the ovaries have begun to work.

The entire menstrual cycle consists of the follicular, luteal phases and ovulation. At the beginning, estrogen predominates and the discharge is scanty, transparent, watery. Then they become pulling and their number increases. In the first half of the cycle, their acidity is highest. Ovulation occurs - this period lasts 2-3 days, estrogen is already at its maximum level, the volume of discharge also increases. In this case, the woman feels increased humidity in the intimate area. The discharge may be cloudy and mucous. Acidity begins to decrease.

Then, in the second half of the cycle, almost before the onset of menstruation, heavy mucous discharge is replaced by thick, viscous and white. The mucus decreases, a creamy sour consistency and a sour smell appear. Before menstruation, the leucorrhoea becomes pinkish and liquefies again, its volume increases again, its viscousness increases, and bleeding occurs. During menstruation, the reaction changes - the environment becomes alkaline.

When should you not worry?

Ideally, the composition is as follows:

• cervical mucus;
• dead epithelium;
• secretion of the Bartholin glands from the vestibule of the vagina;
• lactobacilli (Dederlein bacilli);
• constantly renewing vaginal epithelial cells;
• single leukocytes;
• fungi and some isolated microbes;
• lymph transudate;
• glycogen, which feeds lactobacilli in the vagina and lactic acid, as a product of their vital activity.

The sour smell is caused by lactobacilli. The norm of discharge is said to be normal if:

1. There is no smell, the color is transparent, semi-liquid consistency. The volume of leucorrhoea does not exceed 2-4 ml.
2. They do not irritate the skin of the genitals and do not cause pain, discomfort, or deterioration of the woman’s condition.

In other words, clear, stretchy mucous discharge in a woman of fertile age is the norm, unless otherwise defined. At the same time, you don’t need to imagine a continuously flowing stream. A gynecological examination of a healthy woman does not reveal significant visible discharge. This happens because the process of secretion production and the process of its reabsorption are always balanced: one part of the liquid vaginal secretions evaporates under the influence of body temperature, the other is absorbed back. Only on the walls of the vagina there is a little discharge, reminiscent of cream.

Discharge in girls appears 10-12 months before menarche. They are liquid, white or transparent, odorless or have a slightly sour aroma.

Discharge depends on age, hormonal balance, body condition, menstrual cycle, etc. The reasons for the changes are quite numerous, among them are:

• pregnancy, childbirth, lactation;
• stress;
• taking hormonal drugs;
• sexual arousal;
• menopause;
• change of partner;
• failure to comply with basic hygiene standards;
• excessively frequent douching;
• irregular sex life;
• taking antibiotics;
• climate change.

In this case, changes can be natural and pathological. What deviations can be considered normal? These include:

• sexual arousal;
• climate change;
• taking hormones;
• change of partner;
• pregnancy;
• childbirth and lactation.

If the amount of discharge increases, you can only use pads; you should not try to reduce their volume on your own.

Watery discharge can be a harbinger of STIs (gonorrhea, chlamydia). An increase in their volume after 40 years is also considered abnormal. If the process is accompanied by discomfort, itching, an unpleasant odor, a change in the color of the discharge, a deterioration in the general condition of the woman, then only a doctor can tell what it is.

Changes in discharge in some pathologies are as follows:

1. Cervical erosion - transparent watery leucorrhoea can be present at the beginning of the disease, then it begins to change in color, volume and smell.
2. Dysbacteriosis - clear, abundant discharge. Then they acquire an unpleasant smell of rotten fish.
3. Infectious pathologies - watery and transparent discharge lasts for several weeks, then, as the process progresses, it changes its consistency and acquires an unpleasant odor;
4. Candidiasis - copious white curdled discharge is accompanied first by a sour, then unpleasant odor, itching, and a white coating, under which there is a bleeding surface.
5. White discharge - occurs with vaginitis, vaginosis, chlamydia, prolapse of the vaginal walls. In any such case, urgent treatment is required.

It is worth recalling that pathological discharge, which is abundant or scanty, does not have a normal odor, is atypical and abnormal in nature, is called leucorrhoea.

While taking hormonal drugs, the ovulation process is inhibited. Transparent mucous discharge becomes small in volume, but it should not have an odor or cause itching. COCs often cause the appearance and development of fungi and bacteria, as they create a good environment for them. In this regard, when taking hormones, a woman should also take means to improve microflora. After treatment is completed, the discharge returns to normal in volume and quality.

A girl's discharge changes when she begins to lead an adult life. This is due to the addition of the partner’s microflora. It takes some time for full adaptation to occur. During this period, the volume of discharge increases, becomes more liquid, yellowish or whitish. When changing partners, similar changes occur. Taking contraceptives or breastfeeding reduces normal secretion: vaginal discharge is scanty and thick, white or yellowish in color.

The woman is excited at this moment, she produces a kind of lubricant - a large amount of watery liquid. If the act was unprotected, then the secret is thick and transparent. After 5-8 hours it becomes liquid, white, its amount exceeds the daily norm. When using a condom, the discharge becomes scanty, creamy, and white.

During menopause, the ovaries fade, stop functioning, and estrogen is not produced. The reasons for all age-related changes in a woman’s body at this time lie precisely in the absence of estrogen. In this regard, the nature of the discharge immediately changes: the quantity decreases, the viscosity decreases. Often the result is vaginal dryness, which in turn leads to pain and discomfort. The vaginal mucosa and vulva become thinner, cracks appear on them, and “lubrication” does not form as before. In these cases, any increase in discharge should cause alarm and caution, as it may indicate pathology.

During the first 3 weeks after conception, the canal glands of the cervix work intensively, producing an increased amount of hormones and mucus, and the density of the discharge increases accordingly. They become slimy, almost white in color - this consistency lasts almost the entire 1st trimester, up to 14 weeks. Of the hormones, progesterone predominates, which creates conditions for the attachment and retention of the zygote on the uterine mucosa. At the same time, a special clot of mucus is formed in the cervix of the organ - a plug, which will reliably cover the cervix and protect the uterine cavity from the penetration of microbes.

The acidity in the vagina changes, it becomes cleansed, and odorless white mucous discharge appears. Then, after 14 weeks, they become liquid, transparent, and estrogens begin to prevail. This continues throughout the 3rd trimester. As the fetus grows, the discharge gradually thickens again; if they remain liquid, then this can threaten premature birth and the discharge of amniotic fluid, introducing infection into the amniotic sac. In such cases, the woman is hospitalized to maintain the pregnancy.

Closer to childbirth, the discharge gradually thickens even more, this indicates the passage of the mucous plug, that the uterus is preparing for childbirth and its cervix is ​​gradually opening. 1-2 weeks before birth, this process is especially activated, the plug comes out completely. The discharge may take on a brownish tint, which signals that the birth canal is ready for the passage of the fetus. The release of the plug usually coincides with the first contractions.

But blood in them can also be a sign of premature birth, so you should definitely tell your doctor about this. If there is an abundance of discharge, you can use pads, but not tampons, which can cause inflammation in the vagina. If the discharge begins to cause discomfort, itching, smell, foam appears, you need to urgently inform your doctor about this and carry out treatment. Such symptoms also include: mucus in the form of lumps, change in color of discharge, redness and swelling of the genitals. Any disease of the genital area in a pregnant woman always threatens complications for the fetus.

After the birth of the baby, after 7-8 weeks the discharge becomes clear and more liquid again. This suggests that progesterone has faded into the background. Before the end of breastfeeding, they become insignificant in volume, as before pregnancy.

Preventive actions

An indispensable condition for prevention is maintaining proper intimate hygiene. For washing, it is better to use products that contain lactic acid and are moisturizing. This allows you to maintain normal microflora. In addition, you should adhere to the following rules:

• promptly identify and treat any infections;
• avoid hypothermia;
• maintain a full sex life, but without frequent changes of partners;
• avoid lifting heavy objects;
• do not have sex or overexert yourself during menstruation.

It often happens that a woman misses the moment when leucorrhoea changes, and the pathological process is neglected. This happens because the existing normal discharge throughout her “conscious” life no longer bothers the woman so much, she simply gets used to it. Therein lies the catch. It is recommended to be more attentive to your health and do not forget to undergo regular examinations with a gynecologist.