Is it possible with an x-ray? Everything you need to know about X-rays: the procedure for obtaining them, assessing the harmfulness of the diagnosis and interpreting the images

Every person is familiar with x-rays of the lungs or any other parts of our body; for example, quite often an x-ray is taken during a fracture as a primary examination of the patient’s condition. How specialists are able to determine whether the bones are damaged and whether displacement has occurred, the method also allows them to determine the further actions of doctors that are necessary to solve the problem associated with this injury. Any plain X-ray (performed without contrast) is an excellent initial diagnostic procedure because it is quite cheap.

Of course, in some situations it will not be enough to make a correct diagnosis, but specialists still often resort to x-rays. For this reason, the question of how often an x-ray can be taken is incredibly relevant, because almost all people know that this procedure is based on the use of harmful ionizing radiation, which can accumulate in the body and sometimes even cause cancer.

Harm from X-rays

To answer the question of how often you can take an x-ray of the sinuses or anything else, you need to understand the harm that a simple x-ray carries with it. As mentioned earlier, doctors use fluoroscopy and radiography to examine the condition of the patient’s bones, and if a contrast agent is used, they can also visualize many internal organs. Despite this, the negative impact of the diagnostic method in question on the body should not be denied, because this fact has long been proven by specialists.

But you shouldn’t worry too much about the popular opinion about the possibility of developing oncology or even radiation sickness, which can only appear after exposure to a huge amount of radiation (more than 200 procedures on old film equipment per day). As for oncology, even after several studies, the chance of its development will be minimal.

As you might have already guessed, an ordinary diagnostic procedure does not cause serious harm, because the radiation exposure even on old equipment (we are talking about film equipment) varies from 0.5 to 1.5 mSv. If the medical clinic where you went has digital equipment, then the dose will not exceed even 0.2 mSv. It is worth mentioning that computed tomography, and even more so fluoroscopy, are methods that involve a higher radiation dose, because more than one picture is taken in the process.

Note! We described above that you should not be afraid of x-rays, but you need to understand that even small doses of ionizing radiation can cause serious harm. Of course, it’s stupid to be afraid of radiation sickness, but the occurrence of tumors due to any damage associated with the genetic apparatus, as well as the appearance of certain mutations in germ cells, are quite possible consequences. Yes, the chance of developing such problems is quite small, but such risks exist, because radiation is an extremely unpredictable thing.

The consequences of an x-ray do not always appear immediately, because all the problems that were described above develop secretly over a long period of time, that is, a person most likely will not find out about them until it is too late. Also, these problems are characterized by independence from radiation doses (of course, the chance of their development increases if you do a fluorographic examination or even a simple x-ray for pneumonia or sinusitis constantly), that is, dangerous ailments can develop even from one procedure. However, let us mention once again that just for one examination, especially for an adult, there is no need to be afraid. There are cases when it is extremely necessary, and people should do the same fluorography of the lungs constantly for preventive purposes.

Reducing radiation exposure - is it possible?

For the previously described reasons, only a doctor can answer the question of whether X-rays can be taken in principle. The fact is that there are many contraindications to conducting such a study, for example, pregnancy at any stage, because ionizing radiation will cause serious harm to the fetus, which is most vulnerable to radiation. The safe annual dose is considered to be 1 mSv. Fortunately, when carrying out exclusively preventive examinations, and even during some forced ones, for example, in case of injury, you most likely will not exceed this dose.

We recommend that you find out in advance from a specialist what equipment the study will be used on, because the radiation exposure when using digital equipment will be many times less than when using film equipment. It is also worth finding out the specific values of radiation exposure that are expected when conducting research in a certain area.

Although most additional scans will not require your doctor to exceed the recommended dosage, many injuries require you to take a lot of follow-up scans, such as 4 to 6 scans over the course of a month for a serious wrist fracture. The problem is even more serious in situations where the need for x-rays is associated with the occurrence of various pathological processes (in such situations, the number of necessary studies is always determined individually, but very often the radiation exposure exceeds the norm when using film equipment).

Do not forget that there are types of x-rays in which the permissible annual dose is immediately exceeded. An example is the study of the lumbar spine in several projections, because in this case the radiation exposure can even reach 2 mSv.

Here are the basic tips from experts to help you reduce your radiation exposure:

Reduce procedure time. This advice is based on the fact that short-term exposures are much safer for the body. It is for this reason that you may have heard more than once that fluoroscopy is incredibly harmful; try to avoid it if possible.
Consult with a specialist about the number of photographs you will need. The obvious advice is that the fewer images taken, the less radiation exposure. Of course, it is definitely not worth removing any important images necessary for making a diagnosis, but it is sometimes possible to exclude some projections if they do not make much sense. Let us immediately note that this advice is not always correct, because in most situations all the projections prescribed by the doctor are necessary to obtain a sufficient amount of information. Another way to reduce radiation exposure is to simultaneously examine several areas, but this is also not always possible.
Re-examine only in situations where it is necessary. Ask your doctor if you really need a re-examination, because in many situations specialists prescribe it simply at the request of patients, so that they can make sure that everything is fine now. Sometimes such examinations carry unnecessary radiation exposure, but if the doctor considers control images necessary, then you definitely should not refuse them.
Use protection. Good medical clinics have special protection that should be worn by people undergoing X-ray examinations, this helps protect the rest of the body from exposure to harmful ionizing radiation.

So how often can you take an x-ray and after how long is it acceptable to take another x-ray if you have already taken one? There is no clear answer to this question; a specialist should always consider this problem on an individual basis, focusing primarily on the dose received during the study and the one expected during the next procedure. You should not refuse such a diagnosis if it is necessary and if there is no possibility of choosing any other study that is safer.

Contraindications

Particular attention should be paid to contraindications, because some people simply cannot have x-rays. The main absolute contraindication is pregnancy, because the negative effect of ionizing radiation on the fetus has long been proven. Also, you should not resort to this procedure unless absolutely necessary when breastfeeding, because radiation can accumulate in breast milk (if there is no alternative, the specialist will give special recommendations for the woman, subject to which it will still be possible to carry out the procedure).

Other contraindications appear only when using a contrast agent; these include individual intolerance to its components, as well as problems such as renal or liver failure. It is worth noting that the use of contrast requires special preparation, and in general this is not acceptable for all people, so you should discuss in advance with your doctor the possibility of carrying out such a procedure on an individual basis.

Without medical indications, X-ray examination is prohibited.

Carrying out radiography for children

Earlier it was said that radiography can be performed on adults, but we did not mention anything about children. So is it acceptable to use this method at a young age? Let us immediately mention which groups of people can be considered children. The fact is that for patients over 14 years of age, it is customary to apply the rules established for adults, that is, everything that was stated earlier applies to them.

If we are talking about examining younger children, then experts tend to use radiography only when there are simply no alternative options, that is, in case of serious problems (when there is a threat to health or even life). For this reason, children do not undergo fluorography and many other preventive procedures based on the use of ionizing radiation.

As for forced radiography, it is necessary to use only digital equipment, because, as mentioned earlier, in this case the harm to the body will be much less. Protection against learning is understandably important to pay special attention to. X-rays are given to very young children only in the presence of their parents, because during the procedure it is important not to move at all, and it is extremely difficult to explain this to the child, especially in the absence of parents.

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X-ray diagnostic method. Types of X-ray examination of bones

X-ray of bones is one of the most common studies conducted in modern medical practice. Most people are familiar with this procedure, since the possibilities for using this method are very extensive. List of indications for x-ray bone disease includes a large number of diseases. Injuries and fractures of the limbs alone require repeated x-rays.

X-rays of bones are performed using various equipment, and there are also a variety of methods for this study. The use of the type of x-ray examination depends on the specific clinical situation, the age of the patient, the underlying disease and associated factors. Radiation diagnostic methods are indispensable in the diagnosis of diseases of the skeletal system and play a major role in making a diagnosis.

There are the following types of x-ray examination of bones:

film radiography;
digital radiography;
X-ray densitometry;
x-ray of bones using contrast agents and some other methods.

What is an X-ray?

X-ray is a type of electromagnetic radiation. This type of electromagnetic energy was discovered in 1895. Electromagnetic radiation also includes sunlight, as well as light from any artificial lighting. X-rays are used not only in medicine, but are also found in ordinary nature. About 1% of the Sun's radiation reaches the Earth in the form of X-rays, which forms the natural background radiation.

The artificial production of X-rays became possible thanks to Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, after whom they are named. He was also the first to discover the possibility of using them in medicine to “transilluminate” internal organs, primarily bones. Subsequently, this technology developed, new ways of using X-ray radiation appeared, and the radiation dose was reduced.

One of the negative properties of X-ray radiation is its ability to cause ionization in the substances through which it passes. Because of this, X-ray radiation is called ionizing radiation. In large doses, x-rays can lead to radiation sickness. For the first decades after the discovery of X-rays, this feature was unknown, which led to illness for both doctors and patients. However, today the dose of X-ray radiation is carefully controlled and we can say with confidence that the harm from X-ray radiation can be neglected.

The principle of obtaining an x-ray

Three components are required to produce an x-ray. The first of these is an X-ray source. The source of X-ray radiation is an X-ray tube. In it, under the influence of an electric current, certain substances interact and energy is released, most of which is released in the form of heat, and a small part in the form of x-rays. X-ray tubes are part of all X-ray machines and require significant cooling.

The second component for obtaining an image is the object under study. Depending on its density, partial absorption of X-rays occurs. Due to the difference in the tissues of the human body, X-ray radiation of varying power penetrates outside the body, which leaves different spots on the image. Where the X-ray radiation was absorbed to a greater extent, shadows remain, and where it passed almost unchanged, clearings are formed.

The third component for obtaining an x-ray is the x-ray receiver. It can be film or digital ( X-ray sensor). The most commonly used receiver today is X-ray film. It is treated with a special emulsion containing silver, which changes when X-rays hit it. The highlight areas in the image have a dark tint, and the shadows have a white tint. Healthy bones have high density and leave a uniform shadow on the image.

Digital and film X-ray of bones

The first X-ray research techniques involved the use of a photosensitive screen or film as a receiving element. Today, X-ray film is the most commonly used X-ray detector. However, in the coming decades, digital radiography will completely replace film radiography, as it has a number of undeniable advantages. In digital radiography, the receiving element is sensors that are sensitive to x-ray radiation.

Digital radiography has the following advantages over film radiography:

the ability to reduce the radiation dose due to the higher sensitivity of digital sensors;
increasing the accuracy and resolution of the image;
simplicity and speed of taking an image, no need to process photosensitive film;
ease of storing and processing information;
the ability to quickly transfer information.

The only disadvantage of digital radiography is the slightly higher cost of equipment compared to conventional radiography. Because of this, not all medical centers can find this equipment. If possible, patients are recommended to undergo digital x-rays, as they provide more complete diagnostic information and at the same time are less harmful.

X-ray of bones with contrast agent

X-rays of the limb bones can be performed using contrast agents. Unlike other body tissues, bones have a high natural contrast. Therefore, contrast agents are used to clarify formations adjacent to bones - soft tissues, joints, blood vessels. These X-ray techniques are not used very often, but in some clinical situations they are irreplaceable.

There are the following radiopaque techniques for examining bones:

Fistulography. This technique involves filling the fistula tracts with contrast agents ( iodolipol, barium sulfate). Fistulas form in bones due to inflammatory diseases such as osteomyelitis. After the study, the substance is removed from the fistula tract using a syringe.
Pneumography. This study involves the introduction of gas ( air, oxygen, nitrous oxide) with a volume of about 300 cubic centimeters into soft tissue. Pneumography is performed, as a rule, for traumatic injuries combined with crushing of soft tissues and comminuted fractures.
Arthrography. This method involves filling the joint cavity with a liquid X-ray contrast agent. The volume of contrast agent depends on the volume of the joint cavity. Arthrography is most often performed on the knee joint. This technique allows you to assess the condition of the articular surfaces of the bones included in the joint.
Angiography of bones. This type of study involves the introduction of a contrast agent into the vascular bed. The study of bone vessels is used for tumor formations, to clarify the characteristics of its growth and blood supply. In malignant tumors, the diameter and arrangement of blood vessels are uneven, and the number of vessels is usually greater than in healthy tissues.

Bone x-rays should be performed to make an accurate diagnosis. In most cases, the use of a contrast agent allows you to obtain more accurate information and provide better care to the patient. However, it must be taken into account that the use of contrast agents has some contraindications and limitations. The technique of using contrast agents requires time and experience from a radiologist.

X-ray and computed tomography ( CT) bones

Computed tomography is an x-ray method that has increased accuracy and information content. Today, computed tomography is the best method for studying the skeletal system. With the help of CT, you can obtain a three-dimensional image of any bone in the body or sections through any bone in all possible projections. The method is accurate, but at the same time it creates a high radiation dose.

The advantages of CT over standard radiography are:

high resolution and accuracy of the method;
the ability to obtain any projection, while x-rays are usually performed in no more than 2 - 3 projections;
the possibility of three-dimensional reconstruction of the body part being studied;
absence of distortion, correspondence of linear dimensions;
possibility of simultaneous examination of bones, soft tissues and blood vessels;
the ability to conduct surveys in real time.

Computed tomography is performed in cases where it is necessary to diagnose complex diseases such as osteochondrosis, intervertebral hernias, and tumor diseases. In cases where diagnosis does not present any particular difficulties, conventional radiography is performed. It is necessary to take into account the high radiation exposure of this method, which is why CT is not recommended to be performed more often than once a year.

X-ray of bones and magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI)

Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) is a relatively new diagnostic method. MRI allows you to obtain an accurate image of the internal structures of the body in all possible planes. Using computer modeling tools, MRI makes it possible to perform three-dimensional reconstruction of human organs and tissues. The main advantage of MRI is the complete absence of radiation exposure.

The operating principle of a magnetic resonance imaging scanner is to impart a magnetic impulse to the atoms that make up the human body. After this, the energy released by the atoms when returning to their original state is read out. One of the limitations of this method is the impossibility of use if there are metal implants or pacemakers in the body.

When performing an MRI, the energy of hydrogen atoms is usually measured. Hydrogen in the human body is most often found in water compounds. Bones contain much less water than other tissues of the body, so when examining bones, MRI provides less accurate results than when examining other areas of the body. In this respect, MRI is inferior to CT, but still exceeds conventional radiography in accuracy.

MRI is the best method for diagnosing bone tumors, as well as metastases of bone tumors in distant areas. One of the serious disadvantages of this method is the high cost and time-consuming research ( 30 minutes or more). All this time, the patient must remain stationary in the magnetic resonance imaging scanner. This device looks like a tunnel of a closed structure, which is why some people experience discomfort.

X-ray and bone densitometry

The study of the structure of bone tissue is carried out in a number of diseases, as well as during the aging of the body. Most often, a study of bone structure is carried out for a disease such as osteoporosis. A decrease in the mineral content of bones leads to their fragility, the risk of fractures, deformations and damage to neighboring structures.

An X-ray allows you to evaluate the structure of the bones only subjectively. Densitometry is used to determine quantitative parameters of bone density and mineral content. The procedure is quick and painless. While the patient lies motionless on the couch, the doctor examines certain areas of the skeleton using a special sensor. The most important are densitometry data of the femoral head and vertebrae.

There are the following types of bone densitometry:

quantitative ultrasound densitometry;
X-ray absorptiometry;
quantitative magnetic resonance imaging;
quantitative computed tomography.

X-ray densitometry is based on measuring the absorption of an x-ray beam by bone. If the bone is dense, it blocks most of the X-rays. This method is very accurate, but has an ionizing effect. Alternative densitometry methods ( ultrasonic densitometry) are safer, but also less accurate.

Densitometry is indicated in the following cases:

osteoporosis;
mature age ( over 40 – 50 years old);
menopause in women;
frequent bone fractures;
diseases of the spine ( osteochondrosis, scoliosis);
any bone damage;
sedentary lifestyle ( physical inactivity).

Indications and contraindications for x-rays of skeletal bones

X-ray of skeletal bones has an extensive list of indications. Different diseases may be specific to different ages, but bone injuries or tumors can occur at any age. For diagnosing diseases of the skeletal system, x-rays are the most informative method. The X-ray method also has some contraindications, which, however, are relative. However, be aware that bone x-rays can be dangerous and harmful if used too frequently.

Indications for bone x-ray

X-ray examination is an extremely common and informative examination of skeletal bones. Bones are not available for direct examination, but X-rays can provide almost all the necessary information about the condition of the bones, their shape, size and structure. However, due to the release of ionizing radiation, x-rays of bones cannot be performed too often and for any reason. The indications for bone x-rays are determined quite accurately and are based on the complaints and symptoms of the patients’ diseases.

X-ray of bones is indicated in the following cases:

traumatic bone injuries with severe pain, deformation of soft tissues and bones;
dislocations and other joint injuries;
abnormalities of bone development in children;
children's growth retardation;
limited mobility in joints;
pain at rest or with movement of any part of the body;
an increase in bone volume, if a tumor is suspected;
preparation for surgical treatment;
assessment of the quality of treatment provided ( fractures, transplantations, etc.).

The list of skeletal diseases that are detected using x-rays is very extensive. This is due to the fact that diseases of the skeletal system are usually asymptomatic and are detected only after an X-ray examination. Some diseases, such as osteoporosis, are age-related and are almost inevitable as the body ages.

X-ray of bones in most cases makes it possible to differentiate between the listed diseases, due to the fact that each of them has reliable radiological signs. In difficult cases, especially before surgery, the use of computed tomography is indicated. Doctors prefer to use this study because it is the most informative and has the least amount of distortion compared to the anatomical dimensions of the bones.

Contraindications for X-ray examination

Contraindications to x-ray examination are associated with the presence of the ionizing effect of x-ray radiation. However, all contraindications to the study are relative, since they can be neglected in emergency cases, such as skeletal bone fractures. However, if possible, you should limit the number of x-ray examinations and not carry them out unnecessarily.

Relative contraindications for x-ray examination include:

the presence of metal implants in the body;
acute or chronic mental illness;
serious condition of the patient ( massive blood loss, unconsciousness, pneumothorax);
first trimester of pregnancy;
childhood ( up to 18 years old).

X-rays using contrast agents are contraindicated in the following cases:

allergic reactions to components of contrast agents;
endocrine disorders ( thyroid diseases);
severe liver and kidney diseases;

Due to the fact that the radiation dose in modern X-ray installations is decreasing, the X-ray method is becoming increasingly safer and allows restrictions on its use to be removed. In case of complex injuries, x-rays are taken almost immediately in order to begin treatment as early as possible.

Radiation doses for various x-ray examination methods

Modern radiation diagnostics adheres to strict safety standards. X-ray radiation is measured using special dosimeters, and X-ray installations undergo special certification for compliance with radiological exposure standards. Radiation doses are not the same for different research methods, as well as for different anatomical areas. The unit of measurement for radiation dose is milliSievert ( mSv).

Radiation doses for various bone x-ray methods

As can be seen from the above data, computed tomography carries the greatest x-ray load. At the same time, computed tomography is the most informative method for studying bones today. We can also conclude that digital radiography has a great advantage over film radiography, since the x-ray load is reduced by 5 to 10 times.

How often can an x-ray be taken?

X-ray radiation poses a certain danger to the human body. It is for this reason that all radiation that was received for medical purposes must be reflected in the patient’s medical record. Such records must be maintained in order to comply with annual standards limiting the possible number of x-ray examinations. Thanks to the use of digital radiography, their quantity is sufficient to solve almost any medical problem.

The annual ionizing radiation that the human body receives from the environment ( natural background), ranges from 1 to 2 mSv. The maximum permissible dose of X-ray radiation is 5 mSv per year or 1 mSv for each of 5 years. In most cases, these values are not exceeded, since the radiation dose for a single examination is several times less.

The number of X-ray examinations that can be performed in a year depends on the type of examination and the anatomical area. On average, 1 computed tomography scan or 10 to 20 digital x-rays are allowed. However, there is no reliable data on the impact of radiation doses of 10–20 mSv annually. All we can say with certainty is that to some extent they increase the risk of certain mutations and cellular disorders.

What organs and tissues suffer from ionizing radiation from X-ray machines?

The ability to cause ionization is one of the properties of X-ray radiation. Ionizing radiation can lead to spontaneous decay of atoms, cellular mutations, and failure of cell reproduction. That is why x-ray examination, which is a source of ionizing radiation, requires normalization and establishment of threshold values of radiation doses.

Ionizing radiation has the greatest impact on the following organs and tissues:

bone marrow, hematopoietic organs;
lens of the eye;
endocrine glands;
genitals;
skin and mucous membranes;
fetus of a pregnant woman;
all organs of the child's body.

Ionizing radiation at a dose of 1000 mSv causes the phenomenon of acute radiation sickness. This dose enters the body only in case of disasters ( atomic bomb explosion). In smaller doses, ionizing radiation can lead to premature aging, malignant tumors, and cataracts. Despite the fact that the dose of X-ray radiation today has significantly decreased, there are a large number of carcinogenic and mutagenic factors in the surrounding world, which together can cause such negative consequences.

Is it possible to do bone x-rays for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers?

Any X-ray examination is not recommended for pregnant women. According to the World Health Organization, a dose of 100 mSv almost inevitably causes fetal developmental disorders or mutations leading to cancer. The first trimester of pregnancy is of greatest importance, since during this period the most active development of fetal tissue and organ formation occurs. If necessary, all X-ray examinations are transferred to the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Studies conducted on humans have shown that x-rays taken after 25 weeks of pregnancy do not lead to abnormalities in the baby.

For nursing mothers, there are no restrictions in taking x-rays, since the ionizing effect does not affect the composition of breast milk. Complete research in this area has not been conducted, so in any case, doctors recommend that nursing mothers express the first portion of milk while breastfeeding. This will help you be on the safe side and maintain confidence in your child’s health.

X-ray examination of bones for children

X-ray examination for children is considered undesirable, since it is in childhood that the body is most susceptible to the negative effects of ionizing radiation. It should be noted that it is in childhood that the largest number of injuries occur, which lead to the need to perform an x-ray examination. This is why children are given x-rays, but various protective devices are used to protect developing organs from radiation.

X-ray examination is also required in case of growth retardation in children. In this case, x-rays are taken as many times as required, since the treatment plan includes x-ray examinations after a certain period of time ( usually 6 months). Rickets, congenital skeletal anomalies, tumors and tumor-like diseases - all of these diseases require radiation diagnosis and cannot be replaced by other methods.

Preparing for a bone x-ray

Research preparation is at the core of any successful research. Both the quality of diagnosis and the result of treatment depend on this. Preparing for an x-ray examination is a fairly simple undertaking and usually does not pose any difficulties. Only in some cases, such as x-rays of the pelvis or spine, does the x-ray require special preparation.

There are some features of preparing for x-rays of children. Parents should help doctors and properly psychologically prepare their children for the study. It is difficult for children to remain motionless for a long time; they are also often afraid of doctors, people “in white coats.” Thanks to cooperation between parents and doctors, good diagnosis and quality treatment of childhood diseases can be achieved.

How to get a referral for a bone x-ray? Where is X-ray examination performed?

Bone x-rays can be performed today in almost any center that provides medical care. Although X-ray equipment is widely available today, X-ray examinations are performed only on the direction of a physician. This is due to the fact that x-rays are harmful to human health to a certain extent and have some contraindications.

Bone x-rays are performed at the direction of doctors of various specialties. Most often it is performed urgently when providing first aid in trauma departments and emergency hospitals. In this case, the referral is issued by the on-duty traumatologist, orthopedist or surgeon. Bone x-rays can also be performed on the direction of family doctors, dentists, endocrinologists, oncologists and other doctors.

X-rays of bones are performed in various medical centers, clinics, and hospitals. For this purpose, they are equipped with special X-ray rooms, which have everything necessary for this type of research. X-ray diagnostics are carried out by radiologists with special knowledge in this field.

What does an X-ray room look like? What's in it?

An X-ray room is a place where X-rays of various parts of the human body are taken. The X-ray room must meet high standards of radiation protection. In the decoration of walls, windows and doors, special materials are used that have a lead equivalent, which characterizes their ability to block ionizing radiation. In addition, it contains dosimeters-radiometers and personal protective equipment against radiation, such as aprons, collars, gloves, skirts and other elements.

The X-ray room must have good lighting, primarily artificial, since the windows are small and natural light is not enough for high-quality work. The main equipment of the office is an X-ray unit. X-ray machines come in different forms as they are designed for different purposes. Large medical centers have all types of X-ray machines, but the simultaneous operation of several of them is prohibited.

A modern X-ray room contains the following types of X-ray units:

stationary x-ray machine ( allows you to perform radiography, fluoroscopy, linear tomography);
ward mobile X-ray unit;
orthopantomograph ( installation for performing x-rays of jaws and teeth);
digital radiovisiograph.

In addition to X-ray units, the office contains a large number of auxiliary instruments and equipment. It also includes equipment for the workplace of a radiologist and laboratory assistant, tools for obtaining and processing X-ray images.

Additional equipment for X-ray rooms includes:

computer for processing and storing digital images;
equipment for developing film photographs;
film drying cabinets;
Consumables ( film, photo reagents);
negatoscopes ( bright screens for viewing pictures);
tables and chairs;
cabinets for storing documentation;
bactericidal lamps ( quartz) for disinfection of premises.

Preparing for a bone x-ray

Tissues of the human body, differing in different densities and chemical compositions, absorb x-ray radiation differently and, as a result, have a characteristic x-ray image. Bones have a high density and very good natural contrast, so X-rays of most bones can be performed without special preparation.

If a person needs an x-ray examination of most of the bones, then it is enough to come to the x-ray room on time. There are no restrictions on food intake, liquids, or smoking before the X-ray examination. It is recommended not to take any metal items with you, especially jewelry, as they will need to be removed before performing the test. Any metal objects interfere with the X-ray image.

The process of obtaining an x-ray does not take much time. However, in order for the image to be of high quality, it is very important for the patient to remain still while it is being taken. This is especially true for young children who can be restless. X-rays are performed for children in the presence of parents. For children less than 2 years old, x-rays are performed in a lying position; it is possible to use a special fixation that secures the child’s position on the x-ray table.

One of the serious advantages of x-rays is the ability to use them in emergency cases ( injuries, falls, traffic accidents) without any preparation. There is no loss in image quality. If the patient is not transportable or is in serious condition, then it is possible to perform an x-ray directly in the room where the patient is located.

Preparation for x-rays of the pelvic bones, lumbar and sacral spine

X-ray of the pelvic bones, lumbar and sacral spine is one of the few types of x-rays that requires special preparation. It is explained by its anatomical proximity to the intestines. Intestinal gases reduce the sharpness and contrast of an x-ray image, which is why special preparation is carried out to cleanse the intestines before this procedure.

Preparation for x-rays of the pelvic bones and lumbar spine includes the following basic elements:

cleansing the intestines with laxatives and enemas;
following a diet that reduces the formation of gases in the intestines;
conducting the study on an empty stomach.

The diet should begin 2–3 days before the test. It excludes flour products, cabbage, onions, legumes, fatty meats and dairy products. In addition, it is recommended to take enzyme preparations ( pancreatin) and activated carbon after meals. On the day before the test, an enema is performed or medications such as Fortrans are taken, which help cleanse the intestines naturally. The last meal should be 12 hours before the examination, so that the intestines remain empty until the time of the examination.

Bone x-ray techniques

X-ray examination is designed to examine all the bones of the skeleton. Naturally, for the study of most bones there are special methods for obtaining x-rays. The principle of obtaining images remains the same in all cases. It involves placing the body part being examined between the X-ray tube and the radiation receiver, so that the X-ray beams pass at right angles to the bone being examined and to the cassette of X-ray film or sensors.

The positions that the components of an X-ray installation occupy relative to the human body are called placements. Over the years of practice, a large number of X-ray installations have been developed. The quality of X-ray images depends on the accuracy of their observance. Sometimes the patient has to take a forced position to carry out these instructions, but the x-ray examination is performed very quickly.

Styling usually involves taking pictures in two mutually perpendicular projections - frontal and lateral. Sometimes the study is supplemented with an oblique projection, which helps to get rid of the overlap of some parts of the skeleton with each other. In case of severe injury, some styling may become impossible. In this case, an x-ray is performed in the position that causes the least discomfort to the patient and which will not lead to displacement of the fragments and aggravation of the injury.

Methodology for studying the bones of the extremities ( arms and legs)

X-ray examination of the tubular bones of the skeleton is the most common x-ray examination. These bones make up the bulk of the bones; the skeleton of the arms and legs is made entirely of tubular bones. The X-ray technique should be familiar to anyone who has suffered injuries to their arms or legs at least once in their life. The examination takes no more than 10 minutes and does not cause pain or discomfort.

Tubular bones can be examined in two perpendicular projections. The main principle of any X-ray image is the location of the object under study between the emitter and the X-ray sensitive film. The only condition for a high-quality image is that the patient remains motionless during the examination.

Before the examination, the limb section is exposed, all metal objects are removed from it, and the examination area is located in the center of the cassette with X-ray film. The limb should “lie” freely on the film cassette. The X-ray beam is directed to the center of the cassette perpendicular to its plane. The image is taken in such a way that adjacent joints are also included in the x-ray. Otherwise, it is difficult to distinguish between the upper and lower ends of the tubular bone. In addition, the large coverage area helps prevent damage to joints or adjacent bones.

Typically, each bone is examined in frontal and lateral projections. Sometimes images are taken in conjunction with functional tests. They involve flexion and extension of a joint or loading a limb. Sometimes, due to injury or the inability to change the position of a limb, special projections have to be used. The main condition is to maintain the perpendicularity of the cassette and the X-ray emitter.

Technique for X-ray examination of skull bones

X-ray examination of the skull is usually performed in two mutually perpendicular projections - lateral ( in profile) and straight ( in frontal view). X-rays of the skull bones are prescribed for head injuries, endocrine disorders, and to diagnose deviations from indicators of age-related bone development in children.

X-ray of the skull bones in a direct anterior projection provides general information about the condition of the bones and the connections between them. It can be performed in a standing or lying position. Typically, the patient lies on the X-ray table on his stomach, with a cushion placed under his forehead. The patient remains motionless for several minutes while the X-ray tube is aimed at the back of the head and the image is taken.

X-ray of the skull bones in a lateral projection is used to study the bones of the base of the skull, the bones of the nose, but is less informative for other bones of the facial skeleton. To perform an x-ray in a lateral projection, the patient is placed on the x-ray table on his back, a cassette with film is placed on the left or right side of the patient’s head parallel to the axis of the body. The X-ray tube is directed perpendicular to the cassette on the opposite side, 1 cm above the ear-pupillary line.

Sometimes doctors use x-rays of the skull bones in the so-called axial projection. It corresponds to the vertical axis of the human body. This placement has a parietal and chin direction, depending on which side the X-ray tube is located on. It is informative for studying the base of the skull, as well as some bones of the facial skeleton. Its advantage is that it avoids much of the overlap of bones on each other that is characteristic of the direct projection.

X-ray of the skull in axial projection consists of the following steps:

the patient takes off metal objects and outer clothing;
the patient takes a horizontal position on the X-ray table, lying on his stomach;
the head is positioned in such a way that the chin protrudes forward as much as possible, and only the chin and the front surface of the neck touch the table;
There is a cassette with X-ray film under the chin;
the x-ray tube is directed perpendicular to the plane of the table, towards the crown area, the distance between the cassette and the tube should be 100 cm;
after this, a picture is taken with the chin direction of the X-ray tube in a standing position;
the patient throws his head back so that the crown of his head touches the support platform, ( raised x-ray table), and the chin was as high as possible;
The X-ray tube is directed perpendicular to the front surface of the neck, the distance between the cassette and the X-ray tube is also 1 meter.

X-ray techniques of the temporal bone according to Stenvers, according to Schuller, according to Mayer

The temporal bone is one of the main bones that forms the skull. The temporal bone contains a large number of formations to which muscles are attached, as well as holes and canals through which nerves pass. Due to the abundance of bone formations in the facial area, X-ray examination of the temporal bone is difficult. That is why various positions have been proposed for obtaining special X-ray images of the temporal bone.

Currently, three projections of x-ray examination of the temporal bone are used:

Mayer's technique ( axial projection). Used to study the condition of the middle ear, pyramid of the temporal bone and mastoid process. Mayer's X-ray is performed in the supine position. The head is turned at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal plane, and a cassette with X-ray film is placed under the ear being examined. The X-ray tube is directed through the frontal bone of the opposite side, it should be aimed exactly at the center of the external auditory opening of the side being examined.
Method according to Schuller ( oblique projection). With this projection, the condition of the temporomandibular joint, mastoid process, and the pyramid of the temporal bone is assessed. X-rays are performed lying on your side. The patient's head is turned to the side, and a cassette with X-ray film is placed between the ear of the side being examined and the couch. The X-ray tube is located at a slight angle to the vertical and directed towards the foot end of the table. The X-ray tube is centered on the auricle of the side being examined.
Stenvers method ( transverse projection). An image in a transverse projection allows you to assess the condition of the inner ear, as well as the pyramid of the temporal bone. The patient lies on his stomach, his head is turned at an angle of 45 degrees to the line of symmetry of the body. The cassette is placed in a transverse position, the X-ray tube is beveled at an angle to the head end of the table, and the beam is directed to the center of the cassette. All three techniques use an X-ray tube in a narrow tube.

Various x-ray techniques are used to examine specific formations of the temporal bone. In order to determine the need for a particular type of styling, doctors are guided by the patient’s complaints and objective examination data. Currently, an alternative to various types of X-ray imaging is computed tomography of the temporal bone.

X-ray placement of zygomatic bones in tangential projection

To examine the zygomatic bone, the so-called tangential projection is used. It is characterized by the fact that X-rays propagate tangentially ( tangentially) in relation to the edge of the zygomatic bone. This placement is used to identify fractures of the zygomatic bone, the outer edge of the orbit, and the maxillary sinus.

The X-ray technique of the zygomatic bone includes the following steps:

the patient takes off his outer clothing, jewelry, metal prostheses;
the patient takes a horizontal position on his stomach on the X-ray table;
the patient's head is rotated at an angle of 60 degrees and placed on a cassette containing X-ray film measuring 13 x 18 cm;
the side of the face being examined is on top, the X-ray tube is positioned strictly vertically, however, due to the tilt of the head, the X-ray rays pass tangentially to the surface of the zygomatic bone;
During the study, 2–3 photographs are taken with slight turns of the head.

Depending on the research task, the angle of rotation of the head can vary within 20 degrees. The focal length between the tube and the cassette is 60 centimeters. An X-ray of the zygomatic bone can be supplemented with a survey image of the bones of the skull, since all formations examined in a tangential projection are quite clearly visible on it.

Technique for x-ray examination of the pelvic bones. Projections in which x-rays of the pelvic bones are performed

X-ray of the pelvis is the main examination for injuries, tumors, and other diseases of the bones in this area. An X-ray of the pelvic bones takes no more than 10 minutes, but there is a wide variety of methods for this study. Most often, a survey x-ray of the pelvic bones is performed in the posterior projection.

The sequence of performing a survey x-ray of the pelvic bones in the posterior projection includes the following steps:

the patient enters the X-ray room, removes metal jewelry and clothing, except for underwear;
the patient lies on the X-ray table on his back and maintains this position throughout the procedure;
arms should be crossed on the chest, and a cushion should be placed under the knees;
the legs should be slightly spread, the feet should be fixed in the established position using tape or sandbags;
a film cassette measuring 35 x 43 cm is located transversely;
the X-ray emitter is directed perpendicular to the cassette, between the superior anterior iliac crest and the symphysis pubis;
The minimum distance between the emitter and the film is one meter.

If the patient's limbs are damaged, the legs are not given a special position, as this can lead to displacement of the fragments. Sometimes x-rays are performed to examine only one part of the pelvis, for example, in cases of injury. In this case, the patient takes a position on his back, but a slight rotation occurs in the pelvis, so that the healthy half is 3–5 cm higher. The uninjured leg is flexed and elevated, the thigh is positioned vertically and extends beyond the scope of the study. The X-ray beams are directed perpendicular to the femoral neck and cassette. This projection gives a lateral view of the hip joint.

The posterior oblique view is used to examine the sacroiliac joint. It is performed by raising the side being examined by 25 - 30 degrees. In this case, the cassette must be positioned strictly horizontally. The X-ray beam is directed perpendicular to the cassette, the distance from the beam to the anterior iliac spine is about 3 centimeters. When the patient is positioned in this way, the x-ray image clearly shows the connection between the sacrum and the iliac bones.

Determining the age of the skeleton using X-rays of the hand in children

Bone age accurately indicates the biological maturity of the body. Indicators of bone age are the points of ossification and fusion of individual parts of bones ( synostoses). Based on bone age, it is possible to accurately determine the final height of children and determine whether they are behind or ahead in development. Bone age is determined by radiographs. After radiographs have been taken, the results obtained are compared with the standards using special tables.

The most revealing way to determine the age of the skeleton is an x-ray of the hand. The convenience of this anatomical area is explained by the fact that ossification points appear in the hand with a fairly high frequency, which allows regular examination and monitoring of growth rates. Bone age determination is mainly used to diagnose endocrine disorders such as growth hormone deficiency ( somatotropin).

Comparison of the child’s age and the appearance of ossification points on an x-ray of the hand

Ossification points

Every person has taken x-rays more than once in his life, which are so necessary to clarify the diagnosis. This procedure is prescribed for all age groups: both babies in the first year of life and older people. Based on this, many people have a question about how often x-rays can be taken. This article will answer this question in as much detail as possible.

Is radiography considered dangerous?

The body of all people is characterized by individual resistance to radiation. But despite this, there are generally accepted indicators that medical workers adhere to. Answering the question of how many times a year an x-ray can be done, some doctors are of the opinion that the frequency of this procedure depends on how much the patient’s condition requires it.

Sometimes frequent monitoring is necessary for timely detection of pathologies. This opinion is not always rational, since a greater number of chest diseases can be detected using the safest methods, which include:

general blood analysis;
Ultrasound diagnostics;
listening.

This judgment is rational if there is a suspicion of lung cancer or pneumonia. X-rays load the human body. X-rays are especially dangerous if you live in conditions of increased environmental pollution, which is acceptable in any large industrial city. Of course, if possible, it is better to avoid frequent examinations, but there are times when there is an urgent need for x-rays.

Important! If the patient suffers from a serious illness, for example, a complex stage of pneumonia, then the procedure can be performed several times a month. In this case, the risk from the disease will be higher than the possible harm from x-ray exposure.

A modern diagnostic device is considered a rather expensive device.

In addition, when answering the question of how harmful x-rays are, most doctors claim that serious radiation exposure is only possible when using an old device. Today there is a big difference between the X-ray equipment of the last century. A modern device significantly reduces the dosage of radiation that has a negative effect on the patient.

In addition, there is a non-destructive X-ray, in which the examination is carried out on a selected area. Patients undergoing CT and MRI are exposed to radiation, which is directed to a separate area.

How often can x-rays be taken?

The question often arises as to how often it is permissible to take x-rays for adults and children. This is especially true when several doctors need images, for example, a pulmonologist and a cardiologist. If the patient’s condition is stable, then the image is valid for 1 year.

There is no clear answer to the question of how many times an X-ray can be taken, since it depends on the individual patient, his condition, age, stage of the disease, and the characteristics of the X-ray machine. For different categories, there is an individually permitted frequency of testing.

Children are allowed to have x-rays of their extremities no more than 5 times a year. Radiation exposure is harmful not only to children, but also to adolescents. Examination of the brain and torso is not recommended without viscous indications.

Although the most modern devices have a weak radiation background, which has virtually no harmful effects on the body of children.

The examination of an adult is carried out based on the following standards:

Adults should not have X-rays of their lungs more than once a year. However, some professions require more frequent examinations, in which case x-rays are replaced with fluorography, which has a more weakened radiation effect.
Dental X-rays are performed no more than once a year, when the rays are directed along the spine or brain. If the shooting is carried out from the side and has a targeted effect on the teeth, then it is allowed to do the examination up to 5 times a year.
The sinuses are allowed to be removed no more than once a year, since they are close to the brain.
Examination of the spine is the most unfavorable procedure, the frequency of which is best not to overdo it. Usually it does not exceed once a year.

Photo of dental x-ray - low-dose procedure

Important! CT carries the highest radiation dose, the amount of micro-roentgens during this procedure reaches 1100 mR per hour.

Is it possible to do an x-ray on a breastfeeding woman?

There are situations when a nursing woman needs to have an x-ray taken. At the same time, many people have a natural question whether it is possible to feed the child after the procedure. Moreover, today fluorography is carried out within the walls of the maternity hospital. In this case, it is recommended to carry out feeding before the procedure. After the x-ray, the milk must be expressed and discarded.

The next feeding can be done as usual. If a woman is examined as prescribed, especially with the use of a dye, then it is recommended to refrain from breastfeeding for 24 hours. Important! When performing an X-ray on a nursing woman, the breast area should be covered with a protective screen.

Is it possible to reduce the negative impact of x-rays with frequent use?

To ensure that radiography brings as few negative effects as possible, it is recommended to adhere to the following simple recommendations:

First of all, you can strengthen the body by taking antioxidants, for example, the Omega-3 complex;
You can increase your immunity with the help of vitamin preparations consisting of vitamins P, B, A, E, C;
you should consume more fermented milk products before and after the procedure;
If you eat oatmeal, prunes, or grainy bread, you can remove harmful elements that entered the body during the examination.

Radiography is sometimes a necessary and far from useful procedure, which allows for the timely detection of many diseases. Its frequent use can cause irreparable consequences for the body.

Radiography is one of the most common laboratory research methods, which is used in many areas of medicine. It makes it possible to identify various diseases and pathologies and begin treatment in a timely manner. However, during the examination, the human body is exposed to x-ray radiation, which is harmful to it and can cause the development of certain complications. Undoubtedly, modern devices are made using innovative technologies that reduce the level of danger, but despite this, many people are afraid to go to the hospital. To allay their fears, let's figure out how often you can do x-rays without harm to your health. We'll also look at several ways you can reduce your risk of developing problems due to radiation exposure.

What it is?

What is radiography? Many of us have heard this term, but do not fully understand its meaning. This is one of the modern research methods that allows you to study in detail the internal structure of the body. It was discovered in 1895 by the German scientist Wilhelm Roentgen, after whom it was named.

An X-ray diagnostic machine is used to conduct the study. It sends electromagnetic radiation through the human body, projecting an image of the internal organs on a special film. If there are any problems with it, the doctor will be able not only to find out about the disease, but also to obtain detailed information about the nature of its origin and the stage of its progression.

Today, radiation diagnostics is used in many areas of medicine:

traumatology;
dentistry;
pneumology;
gastroenterology;
oncology.

In addition to medicine, radiography is widely used in industry. With its help, manufacturers of various groups of goods can identify even minor defects, which has a positive effect on the quality of the finished product.

What information does radiology provide?

Let's look at this in more detail. Many people are interested in what an x-ray shows. As noted earlier, with its help, doctors can confirm or deny the presence of almost any pathology. The final diagnosis is made after deciphering the image, showing all infiltrated shadows and air cavities, which may be foreign objects, inflammatory or other pathological syndrome. At the same time, X-ray readings are highly informative. It provides an opportunity not only to identify the disease, but also to assess its severity and form of progression.

The effect of electromagnetic rays on the body

This aspect deserves special attention. Many people wonder whether fluorography and x-rays are really dangerous. Both methods have a number of differences, but there is one common detail: during diagnosis, the human body is exposed to X-ray radiation with short wavelengths. As a result, ionization of atoms and molecules occurs in soft tissues, as a result of which their structure changes.

Exposure to very high doses can lead to many serious complications, including:

radiation sickness;
damage to internal organs;
formation of burns on the skin;
extensive internal bleeding.

As a result of all of the above, a person dies just a few hours after exposure. As for the small doses associated with x-rays, there is also harm. Taking them regularly can cause exacerbation of chronic diseases. In addition, there is a high probability of genetic changes that can be inherited.

Safe radiation exposure

Many people are interested in which one. It is very difficult to answer this question unequivocally, since it all depends on the type of equipment. But you can be completely sure that it is safe. A dose of 15 Sv is considered lethal, but with modern devices it is several hundred times less, so there is no danger to life. But according to experts, if you undergo radiation diagnostics too often, then certain harm is caused to your health.

The World Health Organization has devoted a lot of time to studying the dangers of x-rays. It has been established that the safe annual radiation dose is 500 m3v. However, domestic doctors are trying to reduce it to 50 m3v. This is due to the fact that every day people are exposed to background radiation, which does not pose any threat to health, but gradually accumulates in the body.

It is worth noting that doctors calculate the safe dose individually for each patient. This takes into account his clinical picture, lifestyle, environmental conditions and radioactive background in the region of residence. The obtained data is recorded in the medical record and is used to monitor the radiation received by the patient. If the established limit has been exhausted, then radiography is not prescribed until the end of the period.

What could be the consequences?

Let's look at this aspect in more detail. Fluorography and x-rays do not pose any particular danger if done no more than once a year. Frequent exposure to radiation can lead not only to exacerbation of existing diseases, but also to the development of new diseases.

In most cases, the following pathologies appear:

bronchospasm;
changes in the chemical composition of the blood;
Quincke's edema;
erythropenia;
thrombocytopenia;
cancerous tumors;
urticaria;
premature aging;
cataract;
immunosuppression, which can develop into immunodeficiency;
metabolic disorder;
erectile disfunction;
blood cancer.

In addition, the harm of x-rays extends to future generations. Children may be born with various physical and mental disabilities. Statistics show that over the past 100 years since the beginning of the use of radiation diagnostics, the gene pool of the population around the world has deteriorated significantly. Life expectancy has decreased, and cancer is being diagnosed at an even younger age than before.

Contraindications

It is advisable to familiarize yourself with this aspect first. When deciding to visit an x-ray room, you must take into account that radiation diagnostics may not always be carried out. You should avoid it if you have the following health problems:

extremely serious condition;
diabetes mellitus type 2;
active tuberculosis;
open pneumothorax;
renal and liver failure or dysfunction of these organs;
iodine intolerance;
internal bleeding;
any diseases of the thyroid gland.

Radiation doses for different types of x-rays

So what do you need to know about this? With modern equipment, the level of radiation exposure is minimal. It may be equal to or slightly higher than background radiation. This allows X-rays to be taken more often without causing severe harm to human health. Even if the image turns out to be of poor quality and the examination has to be carried out several times, the total radiation exposure will not exceed 50 percent of the annual norm. The exact numbers depend on the type of device used.

analog fluorography - no more than 0.2 m3v;
digital fluorography - no more than 0.06 m3v;
X-ray of the neck and cervical spine - no more than 0.1 m3v;
examination of the head - no more than 0.4 m3v;
image of the abdominal area - no more than 0.4 m3v;
detailed radiography - no more than 0.03 m3v;
dental x-ray - no more than 0.1 m3v.

A person receives the highest dose of X-rays when examining internal organs. And this is even despite a small radiation dose. The thing is that the procedure takes quite a long time, so in one session an adult receives about 3.5 m3V of radiation.

How many times a year can I have x-rays?

Radiation diagnostics is prescribed if conventional examination methods do not make it possible to make an accurate diagnosis. It’s difficult to say how often you can go through it, since it all depends on how many percent of the annual limit is exhausted. It is not advisable to take x-rays too often, especially if large areas of the body are irradiated. The susceptibility index, which is individual for each person, also plays an important role. Radiation causes the greatest harm to internal organs and endocrine glands. As a rule, doctors do not order x-rays for their patients more than once a year. But in some cases, re-diagnosis can be carried out 6 months after the previous one. In the presence of serious pathologies requiring constant monitoring, the interval can be reduced to 45 days. During this time, soft tissues and internal organs have time to recover slightly from exposure to radiation.

In what cases can repeat x-rays be performed?

It is not always possible to adhere to all safety rules. In medical practice, there are a number of cases in which it becomes necessary to conduct radiography after a short period of time, namely:

if the specialist cannot make out what the x-ray shows due to the poor quality of the image;
to confirm the diagnosis after radiography;
to assess the patient’s condition and the development of pathology;
for detailed information about the progress of therapy.

Only the attending physician can decide on a re-examination. This takes into account the total level of radiation exposure and the area that will be exposed to irradiation. The only exceptions are people with cancer. They can have x-rays up to four times a month.

How is the examination carried out?

There is nothing complicated about radiography. You do not need to undergo any preparation before it. In order to reduce the negative effects of radiation, the patient is given special protective collars with lead plates sewn into them. Only the area of the body being examined is left open. Comprehensive diagnostics lasts no more than 15 minutes.

It goes according to the following scheme:

The patient enters the office, removes all metal objects and exposes the desired area of the body.
Next, he sits on a chair or takes a lying position in a special booth.
Direct radiation diagnostics is carried out.
The X-ray film is developed and a transcript of the image is written.
The doctor makes a final diagnosis based on the results obtained.

That, in fact, is the whole procedure. As a rule, everything works out the first time, but if the image quality is poor, the patient is sent for re-examination.

Precautionary measures

To reduce the risk of possible complications, you should not undergo x-rays more often than prescribed by your doctor. In addition, it is advisable to undergo examination in medical institutions equipped with modern and safer equipment.

In order to minimize harm from exposure to radiation, doctors try to reduce the area of exposure. For this purpose, patients are given special caps, mittens and aprons. In order for the x-ray to be successful and not have to be redone, you must strictly follow all the instructions of the specialists. You need to fix your body in the desired position and also hold your breath for a certain time.

How to cleanse yourself from radiation?

To minimize the harm from x-rays and help the body recover faster, you need to make some adjustments to your daily diet.

The following products help remove radiation:

milk;
prunes;
fresh fruits and vegetables;
red wine;
pomegranate juice;
prunes;
seaweed;
fish;
any products that contain iodine.

Thus, by eating right, you can quickly cleanse your body of harmful radiation.

Conclusion

X-rays themselves are not as scary as many people think. If you follow all the doctor’s recommendations, nothing bad will happen to your health. On the contrary, it can save lives, since with its help it is possible to identify serious pathologies at the earliest stages of development. Therefore, if you have been prescribed an x-ray, then you should not be afraid. Feel free to go to the clinic and get examined.