The shift ratio of equipment operation is calculated as. Shift ratio, use of shift mode

The shift ratio characterizes the efficiency of equipment use. It is calculated as the ratio of the total number of worked machine shifts to the amount of equipment at the enterprise (both used and all available). There is no set standard, but you need to strive for a value of 1, which indicates the full load of machines during the entire working time.

There are several indicators of economic analysis that characterize the efficiency of equipment use. One of them is the change factor. This indicator reflects the number of shifts worked out by the equipment during a certain time.

Calculation formula

The shift coefficient is calculated by the formula:

C1, C2, Cn - the number of worked machine shifts;
N is the total number of machines (used or maximally usable).

You can calculate the indicator for different periods of time: day, week, decade, month, quarter, year. When calculating for long time intervals, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the composition of the equipment may change over time: some units are decommissioned, others are put into operation. If the enterprise had some change in the number of machines, then it is worth calculating the coefficient for shorter periods, and then finding its average value for the desired interval.

Reference! A machine shift is the time spent by any piece of equipment to produce a specified amount of work. This is the duration of use of the equipment for a limited time from starting the engine to stopping it (for example, 4, 8 or 12 hours). One machine day can have several machine shifts.

The duration of a machine shift is determined by the project, the nature of the work, the scope of the company, production volumes and other factors. This indicator can be calculated for companies in different industries that use any equipment in their work. However, most often it is used in relation to construction and industrial equipment (cranes, special vehicles, drilling rigs, excavators, etc.).

Calculation example

March 2018 data available:

50 machines are installed in the workshop;
49 machines worked in the first shift, 30 in the second;
work shifts per month - 20.

The calculation is presented in the table below (download in excel).

Thus, the shift ratio on the installed equipment is less, since there are 50 machines, i.e., 1 more than the existing ones. In fact, each machine worked 1.61 shifts.

C is the number of shifts.

The equipment was occupied by 79%. More machines worked in the first shift, In this case, there will be more K ISR:

Equipment was occupied 98% of its time.

In the second shift, the situation is worse:

Machines only worked 60% of the time.

At this enterprise, the efficiency of equipment operation can be improved in the following ways:

use more pieces of equipment in the second shift;
reduce equipment downtime;
expand the staff if downtime is associated with a shortage of labor.

Meaning interpretation

The shift ratio indicates the average number of shifts that each machine worked. What conclusions can be drawn from the change in the coefficient in dynamics, see the table below.

Table 2. Decrease and growth of the coefficient

	Decreased COP
Improving the efficiency of the use of fixed assets of the enterprise	Decrease in the efficiency of the use of fixed assets
Production growth	Reducing the volume of production
Expansion of the area of use of machines	Narrowing the area of equipment use
Expansion of staff responsibilities, combination of professions, retraining	Reducing the duties of the staff, everyone works on their own equipment, there is no combination of professions
Getting rid of excess unnecessary equipment	The company has a surplus of equipment that is not involved in production

The fact of partial use of equipment reduces the shift ratio. For example, in the workshop there is a machine that needs a couple of hours per shift. The rest of the time it is idle. However, it will not be possible to completely get rid of this piece of equipment: it is necessary for production. It cannot be transferred or downloaded in its entirety. The operation of this equipment can hardly be called efficient, and it will also not be possible to fully transfer depreciation to products. All this negatively affects the economic performance of the company.

Reasons for the low coefficient value

An excess of inefficiently used resources.
The predominance of obsolete equipment that can be replaced by other, more efficient ones.
Dispersion of capacities at the enterprise, illogical organization of the production process, large losses of time during the transition from one piece of equipment to another.
The discrepancy between the personnel and equipment, the lack of knowledge and skills of the staff to control machines.
The negligent attitude of employees to duties, often caused by social factors (low wages, lack of medical care and food, difficult working conditions).
Lack of infrastructure in cities and towns.
Lack of conditions for equipment maintenance.

How to increase the value of the coefficient?

There are several ways to increase the turnover rate:

reduction of downtime associated with the organization of jobs;
ensuring the professional growth of employees, expanding their specialization;
debugging the workflow to small nuances, ensuring maximum speed and rhythm of work without loss of quality;
timely updating and repair of equipment;
competent organization of repair business;
automation of manual labor.

Reference! You can increase the coefficient in various ways. The main direction is to increase the efficiency of using each piece of equipment, reduce downtime, and organize the well-coordinated work of the production line.

Standard

The higher the shift ratio, the more efficiently the equipment is used during working hours. It is necessary to strive for an indicator equal to one (1). This will mean that the equipment is used for 100% of the entire length of the shift.

You can track the coefficient in dynamics, comparing it with the indicators of previous periods. A decrease will indicate a negative trend, an increase - a positive one. If the coefficient is less than 0.5 and at the same time the enterprise will work in 2 shifts, then it is possible to transfer work to 1 shift and thus reduce costs and downtime. The shift ratio is just one of the indicators that allows you to evaluate the efficiency of equipment use along with

Task 7. The enterprise has 360 pieces of equipment installed. 330 units worked in the first shift, 240 in the second, and 190 in the third.

Determine the shift ratio of the equipment.

Answer: 2.1.

Task 23. The production program of the enterprise is 800 products per year. The cost of one product is 120 thousand rubles. Duration of a production cycle of production of a product - 4 days. The coefficient of increase in costs in work in progress is 0.68. The consumption of basic materials for one product is 90 thousand rubles. with a stock rate of 23 days. The consumption of auxiliary materials for the annual issue is 5 million rubles. with a stock rate of 35 days; fuel - 3,100 thousand rubles. and 30 days; other inventories - 8,000 thousand rubles. and 55 days. Deferred expenses - 1,200 thousand rubles. Finished product inventory is 5 days.

Determine the norms of working capital for the elements and their total amount.

1. The need for working capital for work in progress

production:

S nez. =( WITH e.u. × Q) / D× T c × TO n.c = (120 * 800) / (360 * 4 * 0.68) = 98.0392 thousand rubles.

WITH pr.ed - production cost of a unit of production, rub.; Q- volume of output, natural units; D- duration of the calendar period, days; TO n.z - coefficient of increase in costs; T c - the duration of the production cycle, days.

2. standard of basic materials Sosn.m. = (90 * 800 * 23) / 360 = 4600 thousand rubles.

3. Norm of auxiliary materials

Svsp.mat. \u003d (5000 * 35) / 360 \u003d 460.11 thousand rubles

4. fuel St. = (3100 * 30) / 360 = 258.33 thousand rubles.

5. norm of other inventories

Sp.z.=(8000*55)/360=1222.22 thousand rubles

6. The need for working capital to create stocks of finished products:

S goth = ( WITH e.u. × Q) × H s / 360,

Where H h - the norm of the stock of finished products, days.

S goth = (120 × 800) × 5 / 360 = 1333.333 thousand rubles

S=460.11+4600+98.0392+258.33+1222.22+1333.33=7972.0292 thousand rubles

Stot=7972.0292+1200=9172.029 thousand rubles

Answer: 9172.029 thousand rubles

Problem 38. Determine the level of hourly output of a worker if the norm of time for the operation performed by him is 46 minutes, and the coefficient of fulfillment of the norm is 1.15.

Answer: 0.86.

Problem 53. Calculate the salary of the head of the planning department for a month if his official salary is 3,500 rubles. According to the position of the enterprise on bonuses, it is stipulated that a bonus of 40% of the salary is given for the implementation of the plan for the sale of products, and a bonus of 2% of the salary is charged for each percentage increase compared to the plan for the volume of sales of products. The implementation plan was completed by 108%. The head of the department worked 20 days out of 23 days according to the schedule.

Zm \u003d Zpov - (Zokl * (23-20)) / 23 \u003d RUB 5003.47

Problem 68. Make a cost estimate for production by economic elements and a cost estimate for the product according to the table:

Indicators
Annual release program, pcs.
Costs for basic materials, rub./pc.
Returnable waste, rub./pc.
Fuel, thousand rubles
Energy, thousand rubles
Other expenses included in the estimate, thousand rubles (without ESN)
Social insurance contributions, %
Cost of fixed assets, million rubles
Annual depreciation rate, %
Workshop expenses, % of the basic salary
General factory expenses, % of basic salary
Commercial expenses, % of production prime cost
Tariff rate of the 5th category, rub./h
Labor intensity of manufacturing products, n-h
Additional salary, % of the basic

1) Material costs:

Z mat \u003d q m * Ts m \u003d 900 * 2100 \u003d 1890,000 rubles.

2) Labor costs

Zp \u003d Ts * Sizd \u003d 60 * 5250 \u003d 315,000 rubles.

3) Deductions for social needs:

Otch \u003d Rsekh * Zp + Rzav * Zp \u003d 1.1 * 315000 + 0.95 * 315,000 \u003d 645,700 rubles.

4) Depreciation:

A \u003d Sosn * Na \u003d 1,800,000 * 0.11 \u003d 198,000 rubles.

5) Other cash expenses: UST \u003d Ostr * Zp \u003d 0.26 * 315,000 \u003d 81,900 rubles.

Dust \u003d 537,714 + 81,900 \u003d 619,614 rubles.

	Cost elements	Amount, rub.
	Material costs
	Fuel costs
	Electricity costs
	Labor costs
	Depreciation deductions
	Other costs
Total costs

Product costing:

the cost of basic materials Zm = 900 rubles / piece.

fuel costs \u003d 60000/2100 \u003d 28.5 rubles / pc.

Electricity costs 45000/2100=

Basic salary

Tiz \u003d Tr / V \u003d 5250/2100 \u003d 2.5 n-h.

Zp \u003d 60 * 2.5 \u003d 150 rubles / piece

Additional salary \u003d 150 * 0.1 \u003d 15 rubles / piece

Deductions from wages Otch \u003d (Zp + Add. Zp) * Aries \u003d (150 + 15) * 0.26 \u003d 42.9 rubles

Total expenses

P \u003d Zm + Zt + Zel + Basic Zp + Additional Zp + Otch \u003d 1157.8 rubles.

Product cost:

Seb \u003d R-Return. waste. \u003d 1157.8-35 \u003d 1122.8 rubles

Problem 83. The table shows the performance of the enterprise:

The company has working capital in the amount of 850 thousand rubles. and fixed production assets in the amount of 1,330 thousand rubles.

Determine the overall profitability of production.

Answer: 44%.

Problem 98. Determine the best variant of the fabric manufacturing process based on the given data:

Sequence number of the variant
Annual production volume, thousand m
Production cost, rub./m
Investment in equipment

Workplace utilization indicators are used in the analysis of the use of labor in an enterprise. This group of indicators includes the following coefficients:

shift coefficient;
shift mode utilization factor;
continuity factor;
integral coefficient of employment.

Shift ratio characterizes how many shifts on average during the day could work if the shifts were evenly loaded with labor, i.e., provided that as many people are employed in each shift as there are in the most filled shift. This coefficient can be calculated both for a specific date and for a calendar period:

It characterizes the degree of uniformity in the distribution of workers across shifts. It is calculated as the ratio of the shift ratio to the number of shifts of the enterprise according to the regime:

With a uniform load of shifts, the shift ratio will be equal to the number of shifts of the enterprise, and the shift mode utilization ratio will be 100%. The more shift utilization deviates from 100%, the less evenly the workers are distributed across shifts.

Continuity ratio or coefficient of utilization of jobs in the longest shift characterizes the use of jobs in the most filled shift. This coefficient can also be calculated either for a specific date or for a calendar period:

Index

(number of man-days worked in the most filled shift) - (number of jobs * number of working days for the period)

characterizes the loss of working time in the most filled shift as a result of incomplete loading of jobs.

Integral coefficient of use of jobs gives a generalized description of the use of jobs in all shifts. This ratio can be calculated in two ways.

, (1.17)

where C 1, C 2, C 3 - the number of equipment operating, respectively, in the first, second and third shifts;

From 0 - the number of installed equipment.

Task 2

According to the work of two enterprises, determine the return on assets, capital intensity and capital-labor ratio. Indicate which enterprise is better at using OPS.

Solution

1. Return on assets (production output per 1 hryvnia OPS) is calculated by the formula (1.10):
;

for the 1st enterprise:
= 0,94 (
); on the 2nd:
= 1,67 (
).

for the 1st enterprise:
= 1,07 (
); on the 2nd:
= 0,60 (
).

3. The capital-labor ratio is calculated according to the formula (1.11):
;

for the 1st enterprise:
= 37,73 (
); on the 2nd:
= 11,23 (
).

Conclusion : the technical equipment of the 1st enterprise is higher, however, in the OPS of the 2nd they are used more efficiently.

Task 3

Determine the coefficient of extensive use of machine shop equipment. During the year, the work was carried out in 2 shifts of 8 hours. 5% of the nominal time fund was provided for repairs. For various reasons, there were 159 hours of equipment downtime. There are 366 days in a year, holidays and weekends 113 days.

Solution

The coefficient of extensive use of equipment is determined by the formula (1.14):
;

calendar fund – the maximum possible operating time of the equipment.

Regime (nominal) fund - less than the calendar number of days off and holidays.

Valid (effective) fund - less than the nominal for the time of the backup upgrade.

Actual hours worked - the sum of the time of useful work and the time of auxiliary and preparatory-final operations. This time is less than the actual (effective) fund by the amount of unforeseen downtime (malfunction and unscheduled repairs, adjustment and re-adjustment, lack of material, documentation, energy, workers, absenteeism).

Ф EF = Ф nom  S  (1-/100), where S is the number of equipment shifts;  - percentage of lost working time for equipment repair;

F EF = (366-113)  8h  2cm  (1-5/100) = 3845.6 (h);

F F \u003d 3845.6 - 159 \u003d 3686.6 (h);

K EC = 3686.6 / 3845.6 = 0.96.

Task 4

Calculate the equipment utilization rate by productivity (heavy utilization rate). The average annual capacity of the enterprise is 3060 pcs. products. The actual fund of equipment operation time is 3480 hours. The norm of time for the manufacture of the product is 1.5 hours, the percentage of compliance with the norms is 125%.

Solution

The coefficient of intensive use of equipment is determined by the formula (1.15):
;

N POT = 3060 pcs.;
PC.;
= 0,95.

Task 5

Determine the shift ratio of the machine shop equipment if 200 machines are installed in the shop. During the reporting period, there were 74 working days, duration 8 hours. A total of 188,300 machine-hours worked.

Tf is the actual operating time of equipment and machines;

Frezh is a regime fund of the operating time of equipment and machines.

2. indicators of intensive use of fixed assets, reflecting the level of their use in terms of capacity (productivity), are determined using the following formula:

Pf - the actual productivity of machinery and equipment;

Pv - the possible productivity of machinery and equipment.

3. indicators of integral use, taking into account the combined influence of all factors, both extensive and intensive:

Among the indicators of the extensive use of fixed assets in the enterprise include the following coefficients.

Shift coefficient. It characterizes the time of whole-shift use of the installed equipment, which operates in a multi-shift mode. The shift ratio is calculated for individual groups of equipment, individual production units of the enterprise, as well as for the enterprise as a whole by the ratio of the total number of used equipment during the day of shift machines to the number of machines that worked the largest shift, and shows how many shifts the installed equipment worked on average during the day:

, where (6)

MS1 - the number of machine-shifts of equipment in only one shift;

MS2 - the number of machine-shifts of equipment in only two shifts;

MS3 - the number of machine-shifts of equipment in only three shifts;

Nset - the number of installed equipment.

Load factor.

It is installed for the entire fleet of machines in the main production. It is calculated as the ratio of the labor intensity of manufacturing all products on this type of equipment to the fund of the time of its operation.

Shift mode coefficient of equipment operation time.

It is determined by dividing the shift ratio achieved in a given period by the duration of the shift established at the given enterprise.

Extensive load factor(an indicator of the use of fixed assets over time) is relatively simple to determine. The indicator of the use of fixed assets per unit of time (intensive load factor) is easy to determine only in those industries where homogeneous products are produced and, therefore, the volume of its production can be expressed in natural units. If the enterprise and its divisions produce products of various nomenclature, then the indicator of the use of fixed assets per unit of time is much more difficult to calculate.

The role of a generalizing indicator of the use of fixed assets can, to a certain extent, be performed by indicator of output per unit of production area. This indicator is usually expressed in natural units.

One of the most common measures of capacity utilization is the actual capacity utilization ratio, which is calculated by dividing the output produced over a given period of time (usually a year) by the capacity. For enterprises newly commissioned, it is usually determined design capacity utilization factor, which is the quotient of dividing the actual output by the capacity of the enterprise under the project. This indicator characterizes the level of development of the design capacity.

For a general analysis of economic activity, planning of capital investments, commissioning of fixed assets and production capacities of all sectors of industry, such an indicator of production efficiency as output per 1 unit is becoming increasingly important. fixed assets, commonly referred to as return on assets. It is also used indicators that are inverse to return on assets - capital intensity And capital-labor ratio. When determining the rate of return on assets, both cost and natural units of measurement are used.

In-kind indicators of capital productivity, along with cost indicators, are used in the electric power, metallurgical and some extractive industries. For example, in ferrous metallurgy, such an indicator is the smelting of iron or steel per 1 unit. fixed production assets, respectively, blast furnace or steel shop.

Return on assets(as a generalizing cost indicator of the use of the entire set of fixed assets of the enterprise) is determined by dividing the output by the average annual cost of production assets. At the same time, gross output is taken into account at constant prices, and fixed assets - according to the full initial (or restoration) assessment:

(total return on assets), where (7)

OFtot - the average annual cost of fixed assets.

(return on assets), where (8)

Sreal - the cost of manufactured products in kind or value terms;

OFOBOR - the average annual cost of machinery.

Capital intensity indicator is determined by dividing the average annual cost by products and shows how many fixed assets account for each unit of proceeds.

The third indicator is capital-labor ratio, which characterizes the technical equipment and shows how much fixed assets are accounted for by each worker. It is determined by dividing the average annual number by the average number of employees.

For a more detailed analysis of the use of fixed production assets, the following formula is used, showing the relationship between output and capital-labor ratio:

PT - labor productivity (production) at the enterprise;

W - capital-labor ratio.

The ideal option is considered to be the option when the output at the enterprise grows at a faster pace than the capital-labor ratio, since in this case the maximum production efficiency is achieved.

2.5. Ways to improve the use of fixed assets

One of the most important tasks of industrial development is to ensure production, primarily by increasing its efficiency and making fuller use of on-farm reserves. To do this, it is necessary to use fixed assets more rationally. The increase in the volume of industrial production is achieved due to:

¨ commissioning of fixed assets

¨ improving the use of existing fixed assets

The growth of fixed assets of industry, its branches and enterprises is achieved through new construction, as well as the reconstruction and expansion of existing enterprises.

Reconstruction and expansion of existing factories and plants, being a source of increasing the fixed assets of enterprises, at the same time make it possible to make better use of the production apparatus available in industry.