Kefir for restoration of microflora in gynecology. Preparations for restoring vaginal microflora - first aid for dysbiosis

Depositphotos/imagepointfr

According to statistics, every second woman has at least once encountered a disruption in the coordinated work of microbiota, which serve as beneficial microorganisms that make up the microflora of the vaginal environment. This disease is called vaginal dysbiosis.

The insidious disease does not cause obvious anxiety in the patient and does not have pronounced symptoms. Without showing any signs, dysbiosis can cause serious disruptions in the functioning of the entire reproductive system. Studying the causes of the occurrence, based on clinical signs, will help you choose the appropriate method for treating vaginal microflora.

Causes of flora disturbance in women

There can be many causes of dysbacteriosis in gynecology. These include:

a decrease in the body’s general immunity as a result of freezing has a detrimental effect on the vaginal flora;
sexually transmitted infections;
a sharp change in climate often serves as a factor in the acute phase of dysbiosis;
prolonged or uncontrolled use of antibiotics;
non-compliance with the rules for using tampons during menstruation, their careless insertion and unsystematic replacement create a favorable environment for anaerobic dysbiosis in women;
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
disruptions in the hormonal sphere due to irregular sexual activity or irregularities in the menstrual cycle, any trimester of gestation and postpartum recovery, termination of pregnancy, menopause;
various infectious and inflammatory processes in the pelvis;
antibiotic therapy;
violations of personal hygiene rules.

All these factors are not always identified as the root cause of dysbiosis of the genital organs. In the case when the immune system has strong antiviral characteristics, the health of the microflora is not threatened, and as soon as any deviations from the norm appear, the strength of a strong organism freely leads to the normalization of the condition. But when a woman is constantly exposed to the factors described above (freezing or does not treat the intestines), then the vaginal flora can be destroyed and a new problem arises: how to restore the vaginal microflora.

Signs of vaginal dysbiosis

Asymptomatic dysbacteriosis is the norm. But still, there are obvious indicators that are worth paying attention to, for example, a change in the amount or composition of secretions released from the vagina. Often women do not pay special attention to this indicator, which is their mistake. Here are some more signs that should alert you and prompt a woman to visit a doctor:

there is an unpleasant odor in the discharge;
a significant increase in the quantitative indicator of vaginal secretion and a pronounced yellow color;
increased dryness, which manifests itself as unpleasant sensations during urination or during sexual intercourse.

This disease is not characterized by other obvious indicators. In the case when additional symptoms are added to the above set, this indicates the beginning of an inflammatory or infectious process. These include:

burning in the perineal area;
problems with urination;
itching of the external genital area and vagina;
increased vaginal dryness.

Failure to treat an ongoing clinical disease leads to the following serious consequences:

endometritis, which begins as a result of infection of the uterine body;
urethritis and cystitis are a projection of a malfunction of the genitourinary system;
adnexitis, provoked by infection of the uterine appendages - tubes and ovaries.

It is better to seek help from a specialist at the first symptoms than to reap the bitter fruits of an irresponsible attitude towards women's health.

How to normalize microflora in women

The topic of how to restore the vaginal microflora is quite relevant, because the female flora is easily susceptible to imbalance, which leads to this kind of consequences. A special recovery program has been developed, which consists of three stages:

Getting rid of painful microbiota that caused vaginal dysbiosis.
Regeneration of the microflora of the vaginal mucosa.
Raising the level of immune protection of the vaginal walls to further maintain healthy microflora.

Now in more detail about all the stages. Treatment of the disease directly depends on eliminating the root cause that provoked such a pathological process. We have already talked about possible reasons.

First of all, it is necessary to undergo tests, and both partners must undergo a clinical study. This is one of the necessary measures to identify the main cause of dysbiosis. If the main factor is a sexually transmitted disease, both infected partners will be subject to treatment.

The infection, which has become a decisive factor, must be eliminated, and as a result, dysbiosis will recede. Most likely, a course of antibiotic therapy will be prescribed. The following drugs are considered the most effective: Flagyl, Amoxicillin, Summed, Unidox Solutab, etc.

If a sexually transmitted infection is not detected, taking antibiotics is not a necessary measure; a short five-day course can be chosen.

Afterwards, the doctor prescribes topical procedures that are most effective. At home, medicinal tampons are introduced and special baths are made. Such an integrated approach will help not only suppress the pathogenic focus in the microflora, but also restore its health by boosting immunity. In this case, it would be appropriate to use antiseptic drugs.

After identifying and eliminating the cause of dysfunction of the vaginal microflora, the time comes to regenerate the natural flora.

How to restore vaginal microflora

First of all, it is worth understanding that this stage consists exclusively of immunomodulatory medications. The consequence of the resulting disruptions in flora indicators is an underestimation of the immunity of the mucous walls of the vagina. It is this part of the woman’s reproductive system that is responsible for regulating the vaginal microflora. It turns out that the regenerative reconstruction of the immune characteristics of the vaginal walls has one of the most significant roles in all therapy.

Ailments that do not have complications are easily treated with immunomodulatory drugs. The launched version requires a complex arrangement of various circuits. In most cases, the therapeutic course starts with taking immunostimulants, and then antibacterial therapy is added.

Restoring microflora after thrush is also not an easy task. This disease, in most of the diagnosed cases, is a consequence of taking strong antibiotics, including uncontrolled or frequent use of such drugs. After thrush, you will also have to undergo a course of antibiotics, then treatment for their consequences and, finally, rehabilitation therapy.

The course of treatment lasts from 3 to 4 weeks. Then the patient is examined and control laboratory tests are done to ensure correct treatment. Good results provide a reason to stop treatment. It remains to follow preventive measures to maintain a healthy balance of microflora.

Preparations for normalizing vaginal microflora

The pharmacy market is filled with many high-quality drugs that are used in the treatment of this problem. It is worth remembering one thing that only a specialist will be able to select the necessary therapy, because the treatment of this disease is not limited to taking one drug, and it is unlikely that you will be able to create a comprehensive medicinal approach on your own.

Suppositories for improving vaginal microflora that contain lactobacilli have proven their effectiveness. The thing is that the infection affects the surface cells of the epithelium of the vaginal mucosa, as a result of which they die and are rejected, so there is simply nothing for the beneficial microbiota to cling to, and after a week they die. Standard probiotics will not give the expected results. Double-acting drugs are used here. They build up the epithelial layer and at the same time populate it with vital bacteria. In this way, the microflora is restored.

The most effective are the following tablet preparations: Ecomfemin Floravag, Folio, Gynoflor E. After completing the course, 7 days are expected and if the symptoms do not recur, then the doctor prescribes Bifidumbacterin suppositories. They will help balance the pH of the vaginal environment, which is an integral part of the restoration process of healthy microflora. Duration of use - 10 days.

The drug “Tantum rose” also showed good results. It is produced in powder form. A solution for vaginal use is prepared on its basis.

Oral medications may also be prescribed, for example, Normoflorin-B and L. For one month, sachets are taken morning and evening.

A prerequisite for treatment is adherence to a diet. Fatty and smoked foods, as well as sweets and carbonated drinks are excluded from the diet. Fermented milk products are introduced; they enhance the effect of suppositories and probiotics.

The results of bacteriological culture can provide reliable information about the correctness of the treatment.

Traditional medicine

There are also alternative medicine methods that are also designed to restore vaginal flora. But you should not make a decision on your own; consult your doctor first. The doctor will be able to advise on the effectiveness or, conversely, the uselessness of the measures used. Some of the most popular methods that traditional medicine offers:

Tampons with sea buckthorn oil. A tampon soaked in oil is inserted at night and removed in the morning. This method is very effective, because sea buckthorn concentrate has a pronounced bactericidal and wound-healing effect. The treatment course lasts at least 10 days.
Cotton swabs with an acidic medium and honey panacea. After melting 1 tbsp. honey, moisten a cotton-gauze swab in the prepared solution. The next day, a tampon with kefir liquid is inserted. The method is suitable only for people who do not have allergic reactions to honey. The course of treatment is 10 days.
Syringe from a decoction of string. Prepare the decoction of the string, filter and cool. Use it warm for daily douching. The course of treatment is unlimited - until all symptoms are eliminated.

Any traditional method can be repeated after a break of 7 days. Menstruation is a contraindication for procedures.

Dysbacteriosis is a pathology that can be prevented. Just follow the steps listed above. Although vaginal suppositories are considered harmless to the body, it is better to catch it in time, stop the disease and not resort to their use.

there is an unpleasant odor in the discharge;
a significant increase in the quantitative indicator of vaginal secretion and a pronounced yellow color;
increased dryness, which manifests itself as unpleasant sensations during urination or during sexual intercourse.

burning in the perineal area;
problems with urination;
itching of the external genital area and vagina;
increased vaginal dryness.

If signs of dysbiosis appear (leucorrhoea of different colors and consistency, unpleasant odor, vaginal dryness, pain, itching and burning in the area of the vaginal vestibule and during urination), you should consult a gynecologist.

First you need to find out the causes of the disease. The examination includes:

1. Determination of medical history.
2. Examination on a gynecological chair.
3. Taking smears for bacterial culture, examining microflora for sexually transmitted infections.
4. Blood sampling for hormones.

After identifying the factors contributing to the development of the disease, the following activities are carried out:

elimination of pathogens and associated complications;
colonization of the vagina with beneficial microorganisms;
consolidation of the result with the help of immunostimulating drugs.

Dysbiosis is often observed after treatment for thrush or taking antibiotics.

If dysbiosis is caused by pathogenic organisms (viruses, bacteria) or increased proliferation of opportunistic microflora, for example, a fungus of the genus Candida, then antibacterial therapy is first prescribed.

For factors not related to pathogenic influence, medications are immediately prescribed to restore healthy vaginal flora.

Traditional medicine

Violation of the vaginal microflora means a violation of the pH level.

Suppositories for restoring microflora after treatment of thrush are probiotics, with lactobacilli and certain bifidobacteria in the composition.

Lactobacilli produce the necessary acids and reduce the pH level to normal (3.5-4.5), at the same time blocking the possibility of thrush reappearing. Bifidobacteria support immunity.

It is impossible to say for sure which candles are universally suitable for everyone. Their effect on the body is individual: drugs that are effective for one woman may be useless for another, regardless of whether the candles are expensive or cheap. The reason for this may be the duration and nature of the infection.

Any infection destroys the upper epithelial tissue. The same process is observed after taking antibiotics. When a probiotic enters the vagina, the walls of which have been damaged by infection, there is nothing for it to attach to. As a result, the remedy turns out to be useless.

Manufacturers of suppositories found a solution: they began to add additional substances to the composition that regenerate epithelial tissue so that the probiotic would gain a foothold and restore the microflora. When choosing a drug, you need to take this nuance into account and carefully study the composition.

First of all, the gynecologist examines the smear for flora and finds out whether the patient needs antibacterial and antifungal medications. If bacteria or fungi are identified that need to be killed, antibiotics or thrush medications may be prescribed. If the tests are normal or dysbiosis occurs after treatment of other diseases, proceed to the second stage.

The second stage is very important, since during it the vagina is colonized with living bacteria. This must be done because your own beneficial microorganisms have died when taking medications or due to infection.

To restore the natural flora of the vagina, vaginal suppositories are used, which contain lactobacilli, but their use can only be prescribed after complete recovery from thrush! Most often, doctors prescribe Bifidumbacterin, Acylact and Lactobacterin suppositories to their patients. They contain living stamps that normalize the balance of beneficial microorganisms.

Another medicine in the form of suppositories, which can be obtained as a prescription from a doctor, includes a loading dose of vitamin C. Increased acidity has a detrimental effect on bad bacteria, cleanses the vagina and improves local immunity. This drug is called “Vaginorm S”, but before using it you should also make sure that there is no candidiasis.

There can be many causes of dysbacteriosis in gynecology. These include:

a decrease in the body’s general immunity as a result of freezing has a detrimental effect on the vaginal flora;
sexually transmitted infections;
a sharp change in climate often serves as a factor in the acute phase of dysbiosis;
prolonged or uncontrolled use of antibiotics;
non-compliance with the rules for using tampons during menstruation, their careless insertion and unsystematic replacement create a favorable environment for anaerobic dysbiosis in women;
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
disruptions in the hormonal sphere due to irregular sexual activity or irregularities in the menstrual cycle, any trimester of gestation and postpartum recovery, termination of pregnancy, menopause;
various infectious and inflammatory processes in the pelvis;
antibiotic therapy;
violations of personal hygiene rules.

Tampons with sea buckthorn oil. A tampon soaked in oil is inserted at night and removed in the morning. This method is very effective, because sea buckthorn concentrate has a pronounced bactericidal and wound-healing effect. The treatment course lasts at least 10 days.
Cotton swabs with an acidic medium and honey panacea. After melting 1 tbsp. honey, moisten a cotton-gauze swab in the prepared solution. The next day, a tampon with kefir liquid is inserted. The method is suitable only for people who do not have allergic reactions to honey. The course of treatment is 10 days.
Syringe from a decoction of string. Prepare the decoction of the string, filter and cool. Use it warm for daily douching. The course of treatment is unlimited - until all symptoms are eliminated.

Statistics say that every 7 women suffer from thrush. There are many products available on the pharmaceutical market that fight women's diseases. Thrush can be treated quickly and efficiently.

After a full course of taking medications for thrush, restoration of the vaginal microflora is required. A variety of medications are available for the procedure; suppositories are considered the most effective. Gynecologists recommend starting to restore the microflora immediately after complete treatment of thrush.

Why is the microflora disrupted after thrush?

Thrush increases the overall level of dysbiosis. This leads to the fact that the microflora does not perform functions that protect the female reproductive system.

Every 7th woman experiences discomfort associated with thrush. After treatment of this disease, it is necessary to restore the vaginal microflora.

Microflora maintains the acidic environment of the vagina. Protects against the penetration of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Enhances protein synthesis.

The entry of viruses and bacteria into the genitals leads to an active state of blood cells. After thrush The vaginal microflora retains pathogenic bacteria for a long time. They block the normal functioning of the vaginal system.

Why restore microflora after thrush?

Without the acidic environment of the vagina, there is an odor and a greater amount of active discharge unrelated to the menstrual cycle or leucorrhoea. Thus, if the microflora is disrupted, bacteria again cause thrush or candidiasis.

The vaginal microflora is best restored by suppositories.

Note, that disruption of the menstrual cycle according to the female calendar signals problems with the normal microflora.

Maintaining vaginal flora completes the course of thrush treatment

There is a certain risk of relapse. Approximately 5.5%.

Suppositories for restoring microflora after treatment of thrush

The principle of flora normalization: introduction of bifidobacteria of varying degrees. Contained in probiotics. Restores the natural level of beneficial bacteria in the vaginal microflora. Creates an antiseptic and cleansing effect. They are administered in the form of suppositories, drops, tablets, and acid solutions. Candles are the highest quality and most effective.

Important to remember, Medications, including suppositories, to restore microflora after treatment of thrush, are prescribed only by a medical specialist.

The diagnosis is made based on the results of flora analysis. Then treatment begins.

After completing the course, a repeat analysis is taken. The level of dysbacteriosis is determined. If it is more than 25%, the gynecologist prescribes re-treatment to speed up the restoration of the microflora.

"Vagilak"

A preparation that contains calendula tincture. Heals, strengthens the immune system, microflora. Maintains normal acid levels. Available in the form of candles. Placed daily, at night, after taking a shower. The course lasts 7-14 days.

Vagilak suppositories restore microflora and strengthen the immune system.

It has no special contraindications. However during use, you should forget about alcoholic cocktails and cigarettes, and also refuse sexual intercourse. It is not recommended to use the suppositories in question for pregnant women.

"Ecofemin"

Herbal preparation in the form of suppositories. The composition is based on field chamomile. Disinfects, eliminates dryness and burning in the vaginal area. Treatment lasts 10-14 days. In case of relapse, re-prescribed for 7 days. Use 1 candle in the morning and evening.

While taking Ecofemin, doctors recommend not smoking or drinking alcohol.

Contraindicated for diseases of the heart, nervous system, and pregnant women and girls who have recently given birth. Doesn't cause addiction. During the treatment period, it is recommended to give up all bad habits.

Gynecologists prescribe chamomile tincture with the drug "Ecofemin" to reduce the risk of relapse. You need to drink the tincture 2 times a day, morning and evening on an empty stomach.

"Bifidumbacterin"

This is what Bifidumbacterin suppositories look like

Available in the form of candles. Main active ingredient – bifidobacteria. Restore the acidic environment of the body due to reproduction and detrimental effects on candida bacteria. Replenishes the supply of beneficial vaginal bacteria.

Candles promote active cleansing of microflora. They are also used to restore intestinal microflora. The drug is prescribed for the treatment of thrush. The course of treatment is 10 days. It is administered 3-4 times a day, but with the instructions of a medical specialist. Prescribed to pregnant girls after 8 weeks for the prevention of candidiasis.

During treatment, do not use antibiotics or antipyretics.

"Lactobacterin"

Prescribed after treatment of thrush. Available in the form of candles. Supports metabolism, strengthens the immune system. Improves the concentration of the acidic environment of the vagina. Promotes disinfection of microflora.

Lactobacterin is prescribed to restore microflora

For recovery, use for 14 days, 2 suppositories 3 times a day. In addition, this drug is prescribed 10 days before birth. The drug is approved during lactation. It is also recommended to take drops.

It is important to know, that it is contraindicated for a minor girl to use Lactobacterin.

Candles "Vaginorm S"

Vaginorm S suppositories support vaginal acid

Release form: candles. A drug contains large amounts of ascorbic acid. Maintains the acidic environment of the vagina. Eliminates bacteria and viruses that cause irritation of the uterine epithelium. Has an antiseptic effect.

The course of treatment involves 10 or 14 days according to the individual indicator. Use 1 suppository per day. To get an effective result Gynecologists recommend drinking more water.

In case of relapse, the period of use is 2-3 months. The drug is contraindicated in underage girls. Allowed in the 1st semester of pregnancy. Special instructions: do not use with antibiotics.

The active ingredient of the suppositories – interferon, taurine – cleanses the vaginal walls. In addition, it disinfects the urinary system. Supports local immunity.

Genferon can be used during lactation

The concentration of the active substance in the body is insignificant. Treatment lasts 20-30 days, 1 suppository is designed for use 3 times a day.

After every 10 days it is necessary to take a flora smear

Gynecologists prescribe Genferon for the treatment of thrush. Used after pregnancy, during lactation. Suppositories for restoring microflora - "Genferon" - are allowed to be taken by underage girls. Compatible with other medications.

"Pimafucin"

This is what Pinafucin candles look like

Complex treatment is prescribed with Vagikal drops. The course lasts from 10 to 14 days. 1 suppository is administered 3 times a day or as recommended by a gynecologist.

It is also used 7 days before conception, if suppositories were previously used to restore microflora after treatment of thrush. P Contraindicated for pregnant women and minor girls. Compatible with antibiotics.

Prevention of dysbiosis after thrush

Important to remember about the prevention of dysbacteriosis after thrush. The body is still weakened. Suppositories for restoring microflora after treatment of thrush are suitable as prevention.

Sich for restoration of microflora should be prescribed by a gynecologist. Self-medication is not recommended.

To do this, it is necessary to reduce the amount of the drug. It is enough to take medications against thrush once every 2-3 months.

Maintain personal hygiene. Take a warm shower daily, morning and evening, and wash the external genitalia with antibacterial soap. Use the shower more often during your menstrual cycle. Change pads every 3 hours, tampons every 7 hours. Use antibacterial personal hygiene products.
Proper nutrition. Preferably consume fermented milk products. For example: cottage cheese, milk, sour cream, sourdough, fermented baked milk, kefir.
Eliminate fatty foods. Increase the amount of fruits and vegetables. For meat, preference is given to beef and chicken. Soak potatoes for 3 hours before eating. Steam food. Remove bread, sweets, alcoholic drinks, spicy cheeses and vegetables from your diet.
Use contraception. After sexual intercourse, take a warm shower. It is necessary to take anti-thrush medications before sexual intercourse. Conduct a clinical examination of your partner for the presence of candidal fungus. Start preventing male thrush.
Choose underwear made of cotton fabric. It is durable, does not cause an allergic reaction, and traps dust and external bacteria.
Take vitamin complexes to strengthen the body's immunity.
Visit a gynecologist 3 - 4 times a year. Take blood tests, urine tests, and flora smears. If symptoms of thrush appear, immediately consult a gynecologist.
Thoroughly wash underwear with baby washing powder.

Suppositories to restore microflora after treatment of thrush are prescribed by a gynecologist. The range of choice is huge.

Each drug has individual treatment properties. You need to know about the prevention of thrush and dysbacteriosis. Monitor your health daily. If you experience any discomfort, be sure to contact a gynecologist.

This video will tell pregnant girls how to overcome thrush using folk methods:

The following video will tell you about products that help treat thrush:

This video will tell you how to treat thrush after taking antibiotics:

Vaginal dysbiosis is a violation of the normal ratio of beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms inhabiting the vaginal microflora. The pathology is often accompanied by a violation of the acidity of the vaginal environment, which contributes to the appearance of discomfort during intimacy and creates favorable conditions for the proliferation of microbes, bacteria and fungi.

Bacterial dysbiosis has characteristic symptoms that every woman should know in order to take the necessary measures in time and prevent complications. Some infections that can develop in the female body when the vaginal microflora is disrupted can negatively affect health and cause a number of dangerous gynecological diseases. Sexually transmitted infections are especially dangerous during pregnancy, as they can cause infection of the baby during childbirth, as well as birth defects and malformations during intrauterine development.

An imbalance of microorganisms in the vaginal microflora always has certain signs and symptoms. An asymptomatic course of dysbiosis is possible, but only in rare cases when a woman does not have problems with the activity of the immune system.

Doctors consider an increase in the volume of vaginal discharge during the period between menstruation to be one of the main clinical manifestations of dysbiosis in women. This situation may be normal in the middle of the cycle, when a woman ovulates. The amount of mucus increases during this period, the consistency of the discharge also changes: it becomes thicker and more viscous. On the 4-5th day after the release of a mature egg from the ovary, the discharge usually returns to normal, but there are a number of symptoms that should alert a woman and become a reason to contact a supervising gynecologist.

Color. Normal discharge is colorless and appears as clear white mucus. If pathogenic flora actively develops in the vaginal environment, their color will change to yellow, green, brown or white.
Consistency. Normal discharge can be compared to egg white - it has the same consistency and viscosity (sometimes the discharge may be more liquid, but if there are no pathological signs of infectious diseases, this is also considered normal). With bacterial infections, the discharge becomes thick and resembles fatty sour cream with a yellow or swamp tint. With thrush, plaque on the walls of the vagina and external genitalia looks like curdled cottage cheese.
Smell. If the discharge has a strong odor of fish or rotting products, you should immediately consult a doctor.

The symptoms of dysbiosis depend on what type of microorganism began to grow in the vaginal environment. Pathogenic flora can be bacterial or fungal in nature - in each case there will be certain clinical symptoms and signs.

Type of dysbacteriosis	Which microorganisms predominate?	Symptoms
Fungal	Mainly microscopic organisms – yeast-like fungi Candida	White discharge with the consistency of a thick cream or curdled mass. There may be small inclusions. An unpleasant odor may be present, but it is usually mild and resembles sour milk. Women's main complaints are burning and itching in the perineum and anal canal. You may experience discomfort during urination (if the infection has spread to the urogenital tract). The skin of the genital organs is red and inflamed
Bacterial	Trichomonas, gardnerella, chlamydia	The discharge becomes very thick and profuse, accompanied by severe itching and inflammation of the skin of the labia and mucous membranes of the vulva. The color of the discharge is brown, green or yellow. A distinctive feature of bacterial infections is a sharp, unpleasant odor (also called a “fishy” odor)

Note! Previously, vaginal dysbiosis was not considered a disease, and therapy consisted mainly of using alternative medicine methods. Dysbiosis is now listed in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) as “inflammatory diseases of the vulva and vagina (including unspecified inflammatory processes).

Vaginal itching

Itching and burning are observed in 100% of cases of vaginal dysbiosis. Skin manifestations can have different localization and intensity. Sometimes severe itching in a woman appears only in the perineal area and affects the external genitalia. The opposite clinical picture is when a burning sensation occurs in the vaginal tract and intensifies after urination, intimacy and other provoking factors. In half of the cases, the pathology takes a combined form, when pathological manifestations occur in both the perineum and the vagina. If the number of pathogenic microorganisms grows rapidly, itching may also appear in the anorectal area: around the anus and in the rectum.

How does intimate life change with dysbacteriosis?

If there is a decrease in the number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the vaginal environment, one of the symptoms may be dryness of the vaginal walls. Women whose sex life is irregular may not notice this symptom, the only manifestation of which at the initial stage of the pathology will be moderate discomfort and itching. But if sexual relations occur periodically, a woman may notice that sexual intercourse has become more painful, and the sensations of intimacy have changed their physical and emotional coloring.

Pain and discomfort during sexual intercourse appears at three stages:

insertion of the penis into the vagina (the most painful process with severe dysbacteriosis);
increased activity of the partner (stronger and rougher movements);
the period after the end of intimacy (first 1-2 hours).

In some cases, pain may be localized not only in the vagina. A nagging pain can be felt in the lower abdomen, on the left or right side of the pelvis. Bacterial dysbiosis can occur against the background of inflammatory diseases of the uterus, ovaries or bladder, therefore, when pain syndrome of any localization and intensity appears, it is necessary to check the functioning of the organs of the genitourinary system and take a urine and blood test.

Note! Discomfort and pain during sex are caused by insufficient production of vaginal lubrication or its complete absence. In most cases, women with impaired microflora do not experience pleasure from intimacy and cannot achieve orgasm. Such violations should also be a reason to contact a specialist, especially if such symptoms have not appeared before.

Who is at risk?

Vaginal dysbiosis can develop at any age. The pathology is often diagnosed in teenage girls during puberty. There may be several reasons for this:

increased synthesis of sex hormones and associated hormonal imbalance;
weak immunity, the causes of which may be frequent respiratory infections, poor nutrition, adherence to rest and mental and physical labor;
poor personal hygiene of the intimate area;
hypothermia.

Parents of girls should know that up to 17-18 years of age, vaginal dysbiosis in this age group of patients can only manifest itself as intense itching in the groin and anorectal area. Pathological discharge and other signs of disturbed microflora may be absent, so you need to carefully monitor the child’s condition and notice any signs of discomfort. It is very important to establish a warm and trusting relationship with the child, so that if such problems arise, the girl does not hesitate to tell her mother about them.

In adult women, there are many causes of bacterial dysbiosis. Most provoking factors are associated with a negative impact on the immune system, which weakens and cannot restrain the growth of pathogenic flora.

These factors include:

bad habits;
unbalanced diet with insufficient intake of proteins, carbohydrates, fiber and lipids (or an imbalance in their balance);
work in conditions of constant pollution (in industrial warehouses, factories, production facilities);
state of chronic stress;
taking hormonal medications (for example, oral contraceptives);
frequent change of sexual partners (subject to intimate contacts without a condom).

The state of the microflora of the vagina and intestines is negatively affected by long-term use of antibacterial drugs. The likelihood of pathology increases if a woman has undergone long-term treatment with drugs from the group of macrolides and cephalosporins. It is these groups of antibiotics that have the maximum list of side effects (compared to penicillin drugs) and have the most aggressive effect on the microflora of the female body.

Experts identify several categories of women who are at risk for the development of bacterial dysbiosis. These include women:

over 50 years old;
in a state of menopause;
pregnant women;
suffering from diseases of the endocrine system (diabetes mellitus, disorders of the thyroid gland, pituitary gland, adrenal cortex);
with excess body weight.

All of these categories of patients are recommended to pay special attention to the prevention of dysbiosis: eat a balanced diet, include a lot of seasonal berries and fruits, greens in the menu, increase the level of physical activity, give up bad habits, walk more often, and carry out hardening activities. If necessary, you can use medicinal preventive methods (1-2 times a year after consultation with a gynecologist).

How to treat?

Treatment of bacterial dysbiosis includes following a special diet with a complete avoidance of foods containing chemical additives, as well as sugar, seasonings, smoked and pickled foods. It is also recommended to avoid coffee and carbonated drinks until the acute process is stopped.

Particular attention should be paid to intimate hygiene. Bed linen and underwear should be made of natural cotton or linen fabrics. Underwear should be changed every day after hygienic washing. Bedding should be changed every 3-4 days. If the fabric from which duvet covers and pillowcases are made allows it (for example, bleached calico with a density of 140 g/m), it is better to wash bed linen at high temperatures - from 90° to 100°.

You can wash yourself during the treatment period with decoctions of medicinal herbs that have anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and bactericidal properties. These are calendula, sage, St. John's wort, chamomile. In case of severe inflammation of the skin of the genital organs, you can prepare a decoction of oak bark - this is a powerful antibacterial agent that is not inferior in effectiveness to some medications. To prepare the decoction, pour 2 tablespoons of bark into 500 ml of boiling water and simmer over low heat for 15 minutes.

Drug treatment

To eliminate the symptoms of bacterial dysbiosis and destroy pathogenic flora, doctors can prescribe medications containing beneficial microorganisms or local antibiotics (depending on the indications). Most often, for women who are sexually active, doctors prescribe medications in the form of vaginal suppositories, for example:

"Acilact";
"Terzhinan";
"Pimafucin";
"Bifidumbacterin";
"Ginolact";
"Flagyl".

Vaginal suppositories should be used 1-2 times a day for 5-10 days (exact information is contained in the instructions for the specific drug). Before inserting a suppository or vaginal tablet, you must wash and dry the skin of the perineum. After this, you need to lie on your back and bend your knees. Using your finger (or a special applicator, if included), insert the suppository to the maximum depth. After administration, the suppository will begin to melt, so you need to turn over on your stomach and lie there for 15-20 minutes to prevent the medicine from leaking out.

In case of a complicated course of the pathology, a woman may be prescribed systemic drugs in the form of capsules and tablets for internal use. The most commonly used drugs in combination therapy are:

"Trichopolus";
"Metronidazole";
"Metrogil";
"Flagyl";
"Clindamycin";
"Dalacin."

Additionally, you can take orally medications containing bifidobacteria, probiotics, prebiotics and lactic bacteria: “Normobakt”, “Bifidumbacterin”, “Yogulakt”, “Linex”, “Bifiform”.

Important! The simultaneous use of vaginal suppositories containing beneficial bacteria and internal preparations based on prebiotics and probiotics is not allowed.

Vaginal dysbiosis cannot be called a dangerous disease. Nevertheless, this pathology is extremely unpleasant. Painful symptoms and discomfort disrupt the quality of a woman’s daily and intimate life. Violation of the ratio of beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms increases the risk of developing infectious diseases of the vulva, vagina, bladder, appendages, and uterus. For this reason, it is important to seek medical help in the early stages of pathology. Women at risk are recommended to pay special attention to hygiene and nutrition and undergo annual drug prevention of bacterial dysbiosis, selected by a local gynecologist.

Video - Vaginal dysbiosis

Taking antibiotics often solves significant problems. But the illiterate use of these drugs can harm the general condition of the patient. The restoration of female microflora after antibiotic therapy results in serious treatment.

Microflora is a collection of different groups of microorganisms that inhabit a particular human organ system. It performs many functions:

Participates in water-salt metabolism.
Stimulates the production of its own biologically active substances.
Facilitates digestion.
Stimulates immunity.
Protects against the introduction of pathological flora.

Composition of microflora

Normal microflora varies in composition in certain parts of the body. It is represented by bacteria, fungi and protozoa.

All microflora is divided into permanent and random. The first consists of microorganisms that are maximally adapted to exist in certain parts of the human body; it includes non-pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms.

Random microflora implies the presence in the body of microorganisms introduced from outside.

At the stage of intrauterine development, the fetus is sterile in the absence of maternal diseases. The child encounters microorganisms for the first time during childbirth. Subsequently, some of the representatives of the microflora die, and the rest take root in favorable conditions - on tissues communicating with the environment. They constitute the natural flora on the skin, upper respiratory tract, eyes, gastrointestinal tract and genitals. In these areas of the mucous membrane, the composition of microorganisms is different, but constant for a certain area (in a healthy body).

It is interesting to see the difference in the microflora of the genital organs of both sexes.

In men, the flora of the genital organs does not change throughout life and is composed of epidermal staphylococci. They normally also inhabit human skin, and its reaction is neutral-alkaline.

The natural microflora of the female genital tract (excluding the uterus - it must be sterile) changes throughout life depending on the level of estrogen (female sex hormones) in the blood:

During infancy and puberty, it consists of lactobacilli and bifidumbacteria.
During childhood and old age, the flora changes to coccal (a consequence of the low amount of estrogen).

In addition to the listed functions of normal microflora, the acidic environment of the vagina additionally has a protective property: sperm function in an alkaline environment, and an acidic environment has a detrimental effect on them. That is why only the fastest, hardiest and strongest representative can fertilize an egg, which ensures natural selection.

The composition of microflora is very variable and depends on many factors.

In addition to these bacteria, the flora can be supplemented by opportunistic microorganisms: fungi, bacteria, viruses, the number of which should not exceed more than 1% of the total mass of microorganisms. This amount will not harm the body's natural balance.

If the normal acidity of the vagina is disrupted, its microflora dies, weakening the protective function. This is manifested by the development of inflammatory or infectious diseases, as well as cancer processes.

Some causes of disruption of the natural microflora of the vagina:

taking antibiotics and hormonal drugs;
change of sexual partners;
menses;
stress;
bad habits;
eating disorders;
decreased immunity;
inflammatory and infectious diseases;
changes in hormonal levels;
climate change;
surgical interventions;
intestinal dysbiosis.

The state of disruption of the natural microflora is called dysbiosis. If the disease develops in the female genital area, a diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis is often made.

Dysbacteriosis is manifested by various symptoms and syndromes: itching and vaginal discharge (color: from white to yellow-green), which can be cheesy or foamy in nature. The clinical picture is sometimes supplemented by the appearance of pain during sexual intercourse.

This condition requires consultation with a doctor and specific treatment.

Diagnosis of vaginal dysbiosis

To make a diagnosis, it is necessary to take a smear on the vaginal flora and, if an imbalance is detected, carry out PCR diagnostics to identify the specific causative agent of the disease.

About antibiotics

In this topic it is impossible not to touch upon such an urgent problem as the uncontrolled use of antibacterial drugs.

Today, the prescription and use of antibiotics is very popular, both in necessary cases and when not particularly necessary. Their use is carried out despite the fact that these drugs actively affect the entire body and, in particular, destroy the normal human microflora.

Taking antibiotics should be justified. Drugs are selected depending on the sensitivity of the pathogen. The use of inappropriate groups of antibiotics will not only not have the necessary effect on the pathogen, but will also additionally harm weakened health.

Prescribing antibiotics on your own, on the advice of neighbors or the pharmacist at the nearest pharmacy, is fraught with the possible occurrence of complications, loss of precious time and disastrous results from improper treatment. If a sick person has a viral infection, the use of antibiotics is inappropriate. Taking such drugs for fungal infection will have the opposite effect, i.e., there will be an increase in the fungal population and progression of the disease.

Antimicrobial drugs should be prescribed only by a doctor, taking into account the specific causative agent of the disease, preferably after obtaining the results of bacterial culture for sensitivity to antibiotics.

Antimicrobial medications are used strictly according to schedule, with a certain time interval between subsequent doses of the medication.

Attention

Antimicrobial drugs should not be taken with dairy and fermented milk products.
During the course of treatment, you should refrain from alcoholic beverages, fried, spicy, fatty and smoked foods, canned foods and sour fruits.

It is necessary to monitor your well-being after taking medications, as there is a risk of allergic reactions or side effects.

During a course of antibiotic therapy, it is necessary to maintain the natural microflora of the body by taking special medications - probiotics.

Treatment of dysbiosis

To preserve women's health, it is necessary to restore the normal microflora of the vagina.

There are 2 tasks in treating the condition in question:

Suppression of pathological flora.
Restoration of natural microflora.

The pathological flora is affected by specific medications depending on the group of pathogens that cause dysbacteriosis.

Restoration of microflora is carried out by taking probiotics and fermented milk products.

A specific treatment regimen for dysbiosis is prescribed by the attending physician, taking into account the underlying and concomitant diseases, the patient’s condition, his age and the nature of the pathological process.

Prevention

Follow the rules of hygiene.
Follow a diet and eat foods rich in vitamins, microelements and low in fats and chemicals.
Do not engage in promiscuous sexual relations.
Use barrier contraception.
Wear underwear made from natural fabrics and avoid thong panties.
Do not take medications without a doctor's prescription.

It is worth mentioning that in order to detect diseases in the early stages and their timely treatment, as well as to monitor the condition of the genital organs, it is necessary to be observed by a gynecologist 2 times a year. This will help not only to avoid many problems, but also to receive answers to many emerging questions regarding health, sex life, planning and managing pregnancy, etc.