Geography of Monaco. A short excursion into history
Monaco is the only state in the world where the military band outnumbers the army.
And it's not a joke. The army in Monaco has 82 people, while the military band has 85 people. The only city smaller than Monaco is the Vatican. But the Vatican is a special state; its sovereignty is not independent, but stems from the sovereignty of the Holy See.
But despite this, Monaco is one of the most densely populated countries and is widely known for its casino in Monte Carlo. However, there are plenty of other attractions here. Monaco is a significant cultural center. In 1879, the building of the Monte Carlo Opera was built according to the design of the architect Charles Garnier (author of the Paris Opera). They sang here over the years Enrico Caruso, Fyodor Chaliapin, Placido Domingo, Luciano Pavarotti.
In 1911 Sergei Diaghilev founded here Russian ballet under the patronage of Prince Pierre of Monaco. They danced on the stage of the Opera Anna Pavlova, Vaslav Nijinsky, Tamara Karsavina, George Balanchine, Serge Lifar, and later - Rudolf Nureyev, Mikhail Baryshnikov.
The Princess Grace Academy of Classical Dance operates in Monte Carlo. The Prince Pierre Foundation, founded by Rainier III in honor of his father, annually awards the Grand Literary Prize, the Prince Rainier III Music Prize and the International Prize for Contemporary Art.
The city is home to the famous Oceanographic Museum of Monaco, whose director was the legendary explorer.
Every year Monaco hosts the International Circus Festival and Television Festival.
But first, about the history of Monaco, located in the south of Europe on the shores of the Ligurian Sea; on land the country borders with France.
Story
The first to settle in Monaco Phoenicians, this was in the 10th century BC. e. Later the Greeks joined them.
In 1215, the Republic of Genoa founded its colonies and built a fortress on the territory of the principality. The Republic of Genoa was an independent state in Liguria, on the northwestern coast of the Apennine Peninsula.
On January 8, 1297, during the civil war in Genoa, Monaco was occupied Francois Grimaldi and his supporters. This date is considered to be the beginning of the reign of the Grimaldi dynasty and the existence of the independent state of Monaco. Since then, for more than 700 years, the principality has been ruled by representatives of this family. In 1789 the country was annexed by France.
The Treaty of Paris (first) on May 30, 1814 restored the principality within the borders that existed before January 1, 1792, under a French protectorate.
After the final collapse of the Empire, according to the Treaty of Paris (second) on November 20, 1815, Monaco was transferred to the protectorate of the Kingdom of Sardinia (a state that existed in Italy from 1720 to 1861).
On July 18, 1860, Sardinia withdrew its troops from Monaco, ending the protectorate.
In 1865, a casino was opened in Monte Carlo and a customs union was created with France. These events accelerated the economic development of the country.
A famous billionaire made a very large contribution to the economy of Monaco Aristotle Onassis: thanks to his investments, it was possible not only to expand the territory of the principality, to build a port, but also to create an entertainment industry, which made Monaco a rich country, which attracts the entire world elite.
The Prince was also involved in active construction in Monaco Rainier III. In 2005, being very ill, he transferred his powers to his son and heir, Prince Albert II, who currently rules the country.
Brief information about the country
Form of government– constitutional dualistic monarchy.
Capital
Largest cities– Monaco, Monaco-Ville, Monte Carlo, Fontvieille, La Candamine. Essentially, they all merged into one city, Monaco.
Head of State- prince.
Chief Executive- Minister of State.
Territory– 2.02 sq. km. Recently, the territory has been expanding due to the drainage of marine areas.
Population– 35,986 people. 47% of the population is French.
State religion- Catholicism. The state guarantees freedom of religion.
Currency– euro.
Administrative division- three communes, which are divided into 10 districts.
Economy- develops mainly due to tourism, gambling, construction of new residences, as well as due to media coverage of the life of the princely family.
Climate- subtropical, Mediterranean, with hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters.
State symbols of Monaco
Flag- is a panel with two equal stripes placed horizontally. Top - stripe red colors, bottom - white.
The flag was adopted in 1881 during the reign of Prince Charles III. The colors of the flag are associated with the colors of the princely family of Grimaldi, whose representatives have ruled the principality since the Middle Ages. At the end of the 18th century, Monaco was annexed to France, but in 1814, after the fall of Napoleon, the rule of the Grimaldi dynasty in Monaco was restored, and the current Monegasque flag appeared at the same time, although it was officially approved only in 1881.
In 1945, the Indonesian government adopted exactly the same flag. This became the reason for a diplomatic conflict: Monaco expressed an official protest, which was rejected due to the fact that the Indonesian flag is more ancient than the flag of Monaco.
Coat of arms Monaco - coat of arms of Prince Albert II of Monaco. The shield is divided diamond-shaped into silver and scarlet. The shield is framed by a chain of the Order of St. Charles, entwined with green oak leaves. The shield is held by monks armed with swords. The mantle is scarlet, trimmed with gold ribbon and lined with ermine fur. The shield is topped with a princely crown. At the bottom of the ribbon is the motto “Deo Juvante” (Latin: “With God’s help”). The armed monks symbolize a real historical event - in 1297, Monaco was conquered by the soldiers of Francesco Grimaldi, dressed in monastic robes. The motto belongs to the Grimaldi dynasty.
Sights of Monaco
Monaco is the official residence of the rulers of Monaco from the Grimaldi family. The palace was originally founded as a Genoese fortress in 1191, then expanded and rebuilt many times. Since the end of the 13th century. The palace belongs to the Genoese family of Grimaldi.
Since the 17th century, when the Grimaldis began to rule as sovereign rulers of Monaco, they had to constantly navigate very unstable diplomatic agreements with their more powerful neighbors. Therefore, instead of luxurious palaces in the Baroque style, as in other European countries, they were built in the form of a fortress. However, this did not stop at the end of the 18th century. The French occupied the palace for 20 years.
The uniqueness of the palace also lies in the fact that it was the only residence of the princes of Monaco for more than seven centuries, and therefore the financial and political position of the Grimaldi house is directly reflected in the architecture.
In 1997, Grimaldi was celebrated at the palace 700 years his reign in Monaco. Currently, the palace is still a princely residence.
Built in 1875, the Monaco Cathedral is completely different from the traditional churches of the time, where gilding, brown-green stucco and pink shades predominate. This cathedral was made of white stone, which destroyed the prevailing stereotypes.
The cathedral is located in the Old Town, on the site of an old church destroyed during the French Revolution. It is located on one of the highest and most beautiful points of the Principality of Monaco. The interior of the cathedral is decorated with paintings by a famous artist Louis Brea.
On Monaco's National Day and religious holidays, services are held at the Cathedral during which the sounds of the organ can be heard. This “divine” musical instrument was installed in the Cathedral in 1976. The Cathedral is also the tomb for the princes of Monaco, their wives and daughters. Representatives of thirty-five generations of the Grimaldi family are buried here. The beloved Princess Grace, who died in a car accident, is also buried in the Cathedral. The altar and pulpit of the cathedral are made of white Carrara marble.
Napoleon Museum
The Napoleon Museum, located in Monaco-Ville, houses items that once belonged to Napoleon I or are in some way connected with his life. Napoleon's family was distantly related to the princely dynasty of Monaco. This museum is also called Museum of Napoleonic memories and collections from the historical archives of the palace.
Louis II, an admirer of imperial France and the life of Napoleon Bonaparte, began collecting the collection. The collection expanded significantly during the reign of Louis II's grandson and his successor, Prince Rainier III, during which time the museum moved to the southern wing of the princely palace. The museum has been open to visitors since 1970.
The museum's collection contains documents that date back to the times of the First Empire: letters and documents dating back to the reign of Napoleon, the period of his conquests and exile. Napoleon Bonaparte's personal belongings are kept here, as well as his religious articles brought from St. Helena. Here is the hat that the emperor wore during the battle of Marengo; red leather Napoleon blotter for the table; the watch he used during the war with Russia; letters signed by Napoleon, etc. The museum contains cannonballs left over from the Battle of Austerlitz; rich collection of weapons.
Among the snuff boxes, watches and clothes are paintings and sculptures dedicated to the French emperor, including busts of Napoleon by the Italian sculptor Antonio Canova And Jean-Antoine Houdon, as well as a bust of Josephine by the court sculptor of Napoleon I, François-Joseph Bosio.
The museum also features exhibits telling the history of Monaco: Monaco's Patent of Independence from 1512, granted by the French King Louis XII, a letter from the French King Louis XIV to His Serene Highness Prince Antoine of Monaco, uniforms of Monaco soldiers from different times, a collection of rare coins, seals and several historical postal marks. The museum also has a room with clothes of Roman emperors.
18th century fortress Fort Antoine
It was erected by Prince Antoine I, a great lover of music. Today this fortress is an open theater.
Oceanographic Museum of Monaco
The Oceanographic Museum with an underground aquarium is a masterpiece of modern architecture. The structure is located almost on a sheer cliff. Founded in 1910 by Prince Albert I. A unique aquarium was created here, in which waters from a hundred seas splash. This is one of the few aquariums in the world where corals grow (they do not take root in captivity).
Palace Square
This is the favorite place for walks for citizens and guests of the city. It is here that you can watch how every day at the same time at the main entrance to the Prince's Palace a ceremonial changing of the guard takes place - a ritual that has remained unchanged throughout the history of the city. A brass band plays during this ceremony.
Tiny Monaco has amazing places where you can escape the city and tourist bustle for a while. One of them is St. Martin's Gardens. The air here is saturated with the aroma of Mediterranean plants, the crowns of ancient trees provide pleasant shade in summer. The picture is complemented by a spectacular view of the Mediterranean Sea.
These gardens with a fabulous view of the sea, in addition to a variety of trees and flowers, house statues, fountains, etc. The gardens are located on the steep slopes of the mountain just behind the building of the Institute of Oceanography. Monaco is probably the only city in Europe where you can move around using an elevator. From the foot of the mountain you can take an elevator to the park St. Martin's Gardens.
This is the first public garden that appeared in the principality during the reign of Prince Honore V in the first half of the 19th century. Small winding paths, a small pond and numerous bronze sculptures, including a monument to Prince Albert I, the founder of the Oceanographic Institute.
Wax Museum of the Princes of Monaco
The museum reflects episodes in the history of the Grimaldi dynasty from the end of the 13th century. until now. The wax figures are life-size, many of them dressed in authentic costumes from various eras. There are 40 characters on 4 stages, the costumes are donated by the dynasty family. Here are the figures of Prince Rainier III and Princess Grace with their children: Princess Caroline, Crown Prince Albert and Princess Stephanie.
Known for its wide harbor, it is the main port and business center of the country. Hercules Harbor, or the Port of Monaco, is the largest marina in the Principality of Monaco.
Church of the Holy Virgin
Holy Devota- virgin, martyr of Corsican. She was born in the city of Mariana in Corsica, around 283. The young maiden decided to devote herself to God. By order of a prefect named Barbarian, she was thrown into prison and suffered torture for her faith. Her mouth was crushed, her body was dragged over stones and thorny brambles. The Holy Virgin was martyred in Mariana - she was quartered or stoned.
After the death of the saint, the governor ordered her body to be burned so that it would not become an object of veneration. However, it was saved from the flames by Christians. The saint's body was placed on a ship bound for Africa. But a storm overtook the ship, and a dove, flying out of the saint’s mouth, led him to the place where Le Gomat is now located, part of the Principality of Monaco, where even then there was a chapel of St. George.
Her tortured body was found by fishermen. In honor of the saint, a chapel was built in Monaco, which still exists today. On Saint's Day of Remembrance, January 27, flowers bloom around her. The Chapel of Sainte-Devote is first mentioned around 1070 as belonging to the monastery of Saint-Pont.
Maritime Museum
The museum's collection contains more than two hundred and fifty exhibits that in one way or another are related to the sea. Here you can see models of famous ships, among which you can find exhibits from the private collection of Prince Rainier III.
A dental surgeon also took an active part in the creation of the Monaco Maritime Museum Pallanza. He was in love with the sea and during his service and sailing the seas with his own hands he created more than one and a half hundred magnificent ship models. In 1990, the ceremonial transfer of the models made by Pallanza to the Monaco administration took place. This event marked the beginning of the museum. Prince Rainier III began its creation; he allocated a room to house a collection of Pallanza models, and subsequently the prince enlarged it with exhibits from his own collection.
The sea played an important role in the fate and history of the principality. The Grimaldi family fought against Saracen pirates for many centuries. In the middle of the 14th century. Grimaldi's ships took part in the Battle of Crecy on the side of Philip VI against the British. During World War II, Monaco's navy defended France's borders from attacks by Nazi Germany. The ship models presented in the Maritime Museum are perfect copies of natural ships in a reduced size.
Prince Rainier III Old Car Museum
This is one of the most visited museums in Monaco after the Oceanographic Museum. Prince Rainier III was a passionate car enthusiast. For 30 years he collected a collection of vintage car brands. It is presented in his personal museum.
The unusual collection of Prince Rainier III includes about 100 models that represent different eras. There are also six carriages with the coat of arms of the princely family.
Prince Rainier's first acquisition was a De-Dion-Bouton car, which was assembled in 1903. Then he bought a Renault Torpedo, produced in 1911. The collection includes exhibits from the companies Peugeot, Citroen, and Lincoln. , Packard, as well as American brands Cadillac 1953, Chrysler Imperial 1956
Several cars represent prestigious models from Maserati, Rolls-Royce, Mercedes and Jaguar. There is also an old London taxi that Princess Grace once rode in.
The cars are placed in a large, specially equipped room, which overlooks the port of Fontvieille.
Park "Jardine Exotic"
The Jardin Exotic Park is located on a mountain slope and is home to more than 7 thousand species of cacti and many other tropical plants. At the base of the slope there is a grotto with artificial lighting; inside you can see stalactites and stalagmites.
Rally "Monte Carlo"
The rally race is organized by the Automobile Club of Monaco. The stage takes place along the French Riviera in the Principality of Monaco and south-eastern France. Since its creation in 1911 by Prince Albert I, this complex stage has been considered a testing ground for improvements and innovations in the automotive industry. Victory in this rally brings glory and honor to the automaker. From 1973 to 2008 The Monte Carlo Rally was a stage of the World Rally Championship, and since 2009 it has been included in the International Rally Challenge (IRC) calendar. The road surface varies from section to section (dry asphalt, wet asphalt, snow and ice), so the correct choice of tires plays an important role in the race. This rally features beautiful and varied sections. The route is full of steep and narrow mountain roads with many hairpin turns. The Monte Carlo Rally has 2 night stages.
Formula 1 Grand Prix
The Monaco Grand Prix is a Formula 1 race on the Monte Carlo circuit in the Principality of Monaco. Held from the first World Championship in 1950 to the present (was not included in the 1951-1954 championship). From 1929 to 1948, before the advent of Formula 1, the Monaco Grand Prix motor racing was held as an independent sporting event. The Monaco Grand Prix is considered one of the most prestigious races in the Formula 1 championship.
brief information
Since 1297, the Principality of Monaco has been ruled by the Grimaldi family. During this time, Monaco experienced many historical events, eventually becoming one of the popular tourist centers in Europe. Hundreds of millions of euros are invested in the local tourism industry every year, and this brings noticeable results. Now Monaco is famous for its casinos in Monte Carlo, the Forum 1 racing series, and its beaches.
Geography of Monaco
The Principality of Monaco is located in Western Europe on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. Monaco borders on three sides with France (13 km to Nice). The territory of this country is only 2.02 square meters. km. Land border – 4.4 km. The authorities of Monaco plan to slightly expand their territory in the future by draining parts of the Mediterranean Sea.
Capital
The capital of the Principality of Monaco is the city of Monaco, which is now home to more than 1.3 thousand people. The city of Monaco was founded in 1215 by Italians from the Republic of Genoa.
Official language
The official language in Monaco is French. Traditional Monegasque (a dialect of the Ligurian language spoken in Genoa) is now spoken by a minority of Monegasque residents. Italian is also widely spoken in this Principality.
Religion
More than 83% of the population of Monaco are Catholics belonging to the Roman Catholic Church.Government of Monaco
Since 1911, the Principality of Monaco has been a constitutional monarchy. The head of state is the Prince of Monaco.
Legislative power belongs to a unicameral parliament - the National Council, consisting of 24 deputies elected for 5 years.
According to the 1911 Constitution, the Principality of Monaco was divided into three municipalities:
Monaco-Ville – old town;
- Monte-Carlo in the east and northeast;
- Condamine in the southwest, including the port of Hercules.
Now the Principality already has 5 municipalities (for example, the Fontvieille region is a territory drained by the Mediterranean Sea).
Climate and weather
The climate in Monaco is Mediterranean with elements of oceanic and subtropical climate. Summers are warm and dry, and winters are mild and rainy. The average annual air temperature in Monaco is +16.4C.
Sea in Monaco
The coastline in Monaco is 4.1 km. Due to the rapidly growing population, Monaco authorities are draining part of the Mediterranean Sea, then building houses and resorts in these places.
Average temperature of the Mediterranean Sea near Monte Carlo:
January - +13C
- February - +13C
- March - +13C
- April - +14C
- May - +17C
- June - +20C
- July - +23C
- August - +23C
- September - +22C
- October - +20C
- November - +17C
- December - +15C
Story
The first settlements on the territory of the modern Principality of Monaco were founded by the Phoenicians around the 10th century BC. The name "Monaco" comes from the ancient Greek word "monoikos" (people living separately from their fellow tribesmen).
According to ancient Greek myth, the legendary Hercules (Hercules) once visited the territory of modern Monaco. That is why the Temple of Hercules Monoikos was formed there, around which several settlements were formed. The city of Monaco itself was founded in 1215 by immigrants from the Genoese Republic.
Since 1297, Monaco has been under the control of the Grimaldi family (the current Prince of Monaco is also from this family).
In the 17th century, the princes of Monaco came under French influence - they lived in Paris, and not in their family fiefdom.
In 1797, the troops of revolutionary France captured Monaco, and the Grimaldi family temporarily lost power over this principality. However, in 1814, after the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte's troops, the Grimaldis regained control of Monaco, but were under the protectorate of the Kingdom of Sardinia.
In 1860, Monaco again fell under the protectorate of France. In the mid-1860s, the first casino appeared in Monaco.
In 1911, the first Constitution was adopted in Monaco, which somewhat limited the power of the Grimaldi princes. In 1918, a Monaco-French agreement was concluded, according to which the interests of the Principality of Monaco in the international arena are represented by France.
In 1962, the Monaco Constitution was amended to give women the right to vote.
In 1993, the Principality of Monaco was admitted to the UN. In 2002, a new agreement was concluded between France and Monaco. According to this treaty, if the Grimaldi dynasty had no heirs, the Principality would still remain an independent state.
Culture
For many centuries, the Principality of Monaco has successfully maintained religious and cultural traditions, which are often already intertwined.
Every year, residents of Monaco celebrate the feast of Saint Virgin, who is considered the patroness of this Principality. Every year on January 27, street celebrations, religious ceremonies and torchlight processions take place throughout the Principality. In the evening, a grandiose fireworks display flashes in the sky over the harbor of Monaco.
Saint Jean's Day is celebrated in Monaco on June 23-24. On this day, many young people dressed in Monegasque national costumes take to the streets. In Monte Carlo, on June 24, folk festivities take place in the open air until late in the evening.
Every year, Monaco hosts numerous carnivals. The tradition of carnivals in the Principality began in the 15th century.
Cuisine of Monaco
The cuisine of Monaco was formed under Italian and French influence. This alone guarantees that the food in Monaco is very tasty. We recommend that tourists to Monaco definitely try:
- “Barbagiuan” - pies with rice, pumpkin, spinach and cheese;
- “Fougasse” - bread flatbread with cheese and onions;
- “Stocafi” - dried cod in thick tomato sauce;
- “Socca” - pancakes made from pea flour with chicken.
Sights of Monaco
Tourists come to Monaco to relax at the wonderful local resorts. However, sunbathing on the beach sometimes gets boring, too, and therefore we recommend that tourists to Monaco see the following attractions:
- Cathedral of St. Nicholas in Monaco
- Palace of the Prince of Monaco
- Oceanographic Museum in Monaco
- Fort Antoine on the La Roche cliff
- Observatory Grotto
Cities and resorts
The largest towns in Monaco are Monaco-Ville (the city of Monaco itself), Monte Carlo, La Condamine and Fontvieille. True, they are “big” only by local standards. Thus, more than 1.3 thousand people now live in the city of Monaco.
Monaco is a wonderful, albeit expensive, place for a beach holiday. The main beach of Monaco is Larvotto in Monte Carlo.
Souvenirs/shopping
Office hours
You love holiday at sea?
You love trips ?
Would you like to do this more often ?
Do you know that at the same timeCan you still earn money?
Your additional income 10,000 - 50,000 rubles per month working at the same time as a regional representative In your city , you can start working without experience...
...or just help your friends and acquaintances select profitable last minute deals online and save up for your vacation...
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
| Monaco |
Description
Monaco is the smallest state in the world (after the Vatican), which can be crossed on foot in just a few hours, but despite its small size it has gained worldwide fame. Monaco is a state located in southern Europe on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, near the border of France and Italy.
Geography
The country's area is 2.02 km² (which is almost half the size of Central Park in New York). The length of the coastline is 4.1 km, the length of land borders is 4.4 km. Over the past 20 years, the country's territory has increased by almost 40 hectares due to the drainage of marine areas. The relief is hilly, quite dissected. The highest point of the country is the Mont Agel rock (140 m).
Time
It is two hours behind Moskovsky.
Climate
The climate in the state is Mediterranean, with mild, wet winters (average temperatures 10-12 degrees) and hot, dry summers (average temperatures 28-30 degrees). The vast majority of precipitation falls in autumn and winter. In general terms the climate is similar to the southern coast of France. Thanks to the enclosing effect of the Alps, the weather here is constantly (over 300 days a year) sunny. Cold weather, and even more so frosts, are extremely rare even in winter and the temperature usually does not drop below -3 C. Rain falls mainly in the autumn-winter season. The maximum occurs in January-February (in total no more than 600 mm of precipitation per year).
Language
The official language is French, the spoken language is the so-called “Monegasque” dialect (a “mixture” of French and Italian), many people also speak English and Italian. The traditional Monegasque dialect is currently taught in secondary schools in the principality, but it is spoken, as a rule, by older people.
Religion
The majority of the local population professes Catholicism (90%), Monaco even has its own Catholic bishop), and the Protestant (Anglican) church is also common.
The official religion is Catholicism. However, Monaco's constitution guarantees freedom of religion. Monaco has 5 Catholic parish churches and one cathedral, which houses the see of the Archbishop of Monaco. The diocese, which had existed since the mid-nineteenth century, was converted into an archbishop's diocese in 1981. Monaco has one Anglican church (St. Paul's Church), located in Monte Carlo. In 2007, there were 135 parishioners who were citizens of Monaco. However, the church serves a larger number of parishioners, mainly tourists. The church also has a library with more than 3,000 books in English. The Cultural Israeli Organization of Monaco (founded 1948) includes a synagogue, a Jewish school and a kosher grocery store located in Monte Carlo. The community (about 1,500 members) is mainly composed of Jews of retirement age from Britain (40%) and North America.
Population
As of 2006, the population of Monaco is 35,656 people.
French - 47%
Monegasques - 16%
Italians - 16%
others - 21%. This large category includes representatives of 125 nationalities.
In terms of population density (16,253 people per 1 sq. km), Monaco ranks first in the world. Monaco has a high life expectancy: approx. 75 years for men and 83 years for women (based on 2000 calculations) and a large proportion of residents over 65 years of age (23%). Children and adolescents under 15 years old make up 15%, and the age group from 15 to 65 years old makes up 62%.
Electricity
Electrical voltage 220 V, 50 Hz. The sockets are standard European.
Emergency numbers
There is no Russian embassy in Monaco; the nearest consulate is located in Marseille.
Marseille, 8, Rue Ambrois Pare, F-13008
Phone: 33-91-771-525
Fax: 33-91-773-454
Office of Tourism and Conventions of Monaco - 92-166-116, 92-166-000
Airport information desk - 0836-695-555
Inquiries about lost things - 93-153-015
Police - 17 or 93-153-015
Urgent medical care - 93-259-869
Fire and Paramedic Service - 18 or 93-301-945
Connection
Monaco is one of the European leaders in the field of telecommunications. The communication system is integrated into the French system. A local call costs about 20 cents. From most telephone booths you can only make calls using telephone cards, which are sold at post offices, newsagents or tobacco shops. Automatic international telephone communication is possible from any street pay phone and is carried out according to the scheme: 19 (outgoing code of Monaco) - country code - city code - subscriber number. The “incoming” code for Monaco is 33 (when calling from France, you do not need to dial it). A call from a hotel is much more expensive than a call from a street phone. On weekdays from 22.30 to 8.00, as well as on Saturdays and Sundays from 14.00, negotiation rates are half as much. Telephone call centers and telegraph offices are open from 08.00 to 21.00 daily.
cellular
Roaming according to GSM 900/1800 standards is available to Beeline and Megafon subscribers. MTS subscribers will have to use Thuraya satellite communications.
Currency exchange
The official currency of Monaco is the euro. 1 euro is equal to 100 cents. In circulation there are banknotes in denominations of 500, 200, 100, 50, 20 and 10 euros and coins of 1 and 2 euros and 50, 10, 5, 2 and 1 cents.
Foreign currency can be changed at hotels or banks. Travel checks can also be exchanged at banks; checks in US dollars, euros and pounds sterling are exchanged without commission.
Credit cards are accepted everywhere.
Banks are open on weekdays from 9:00 to 16:00 with a lunch break from 12:00 to 14:00. The bank near the Casino in Monte Carlo is open every day and even on holidays from 12:00 to 23:00.
Visa
The entry of Russian citizens into Monaco is carried out on a visa basis.
To cross the border, you must have a visa (national French or Schengen), obtained on the basis of an invitation from the Consular Section of the French Embassy (there is no representative office of Monaco in the Russian Federation). You also need a foreign passport (must be valid for 4 months from the date of arrival in the principality), round-trip air tickets and insurance for at least $30 thousand. For tourist and private invitations, only a single-entry visa is issued; for a business invitation, a multiple visa can be issued.
A consular fee is charged, the amount of which depends on the type of visa (tourist, private or business). The usual time frame for processing documents at the embassy is up to 2 weeks.
Children traveling with one of the parents must have a copy of the birth certificate and a power of attorney from the other parent for the child to travel (in Russian and French), certified by a notary.
Customs regulations
The import and export of euros and foreign currency is not limited. You can import up to 200 items duty free. cigarettes (or cigarillos - 100 pcs., or cigars - 50 pcs., or tobacco - 250 g), up to 0.5 kg of coffee beans, up to 50 g of perfume, up to 250 ml of eau de toilette, as well as items and personal items .
When entering from the territory of EU member states, persons over 17 years of age are allowed duty-free import of up to 10 liters of strong alcoholic beverages (alcohol content more than 22%) or 20 liters of fortified wine, or 90 liters of table wine (but not more than 60 liters of sparkling wine) , or 110 liters of beer.
The import of some food products is also allowed (caviar - up to 250 g, fish and seafood - up to 2 kg, products of plant origin - up to 5 kg, products of animal origin - up to 1 kg), but they do not fall under the duty-free category, and in relation to them The decision is made by the customs officer. Labeling expiration dates on food products is mandatory!
Without appropriate permission, the import of drugs and drug-containing drugs, medications, firearms and ammunition, explosives (including fireworks), bladed weapons (including switchblades), pornography, certain food products, meat and meat products from African countries, plants, flowers, animals and birds, as well as haberdashery and souvenirs made from endangered species of plants and animals.
Plants, animals and plant products must be presented to quarantine officials. Pets must have a certificate of vaccinations, as well as a medical certificate in French, issued no earlier than 10 days before departure. The import of dogs of fighting breeds (Staffordshire terrier, pit bull, mastiff, etc.), puppies and kittens less than 3 months old, as well as parrots and other small birds is prohibited (for permitted species, you must have a veterinary certificate issued no earlier than 10 days before departure ).
When importing medicines for personal use, no permit is required, but for many medications you must have a prescription issued by a doctor and certified by a notary.
The export of objects and things of historical or artistic value is prohibited.
Holidays and non-working days
November 19 - National holiday, birthday of His Serene Highness the Prince (le jour de la Fête de S.A.S. le Prince Souverain)
Monaco is famous for the abundance of various exhibitions, competitions and festivals of European and world level held here. In January, the International Circus Festival and the Monte Carlo Motor Rally take place. In February, the International Television Festival and the European Salon of Multimedia Creativity Imagin are held.
In March - the Magic Awards Festival and the colorful Opening of the opera season. April is the most “holiday” month in the country. During this period, the Rose Ball, the Spring Arts Festival of Monte Carlo, the Open International Tennis Championship, the Festival of Contemporary Sculpture, the International Exhibition of Rare Breed Dogs, etc. are held. In May, the Formula 1 Grand Prix races are held (sometimes postponed to early May), World Music Festival and International Floriculture Competition.
In June, the International Swimming Championship and the International Helicopter Salon are interesting. The International Fireworks Festival in the Natural Amphitheater of Monaco Harbor and the Monaco Red Cross Charity Show take place in July. September attracts with the “September Rendezvous” regatta and the “Grand Prix of the Monaco Athletic Federation”. In October, the Monaco International Fair and the European Championship of Radio-Controlled Model Ships take place, and in December, the opening of the ballet season and many other shows.
Transport
Public transport in Monaco is represented by five bus routes, running at ten-minute intervals from 7.00 to 21.00. All routes converge at Place d'Armes.
A bus ride costs 1.4 euros, a ticket for four trips costs 3.4 euros, a ticket for eight trips costs 5.45 euros. An all-day pass costs 3.4 euros.
For tourists, there is a train with carriages that travels around the entire principality in half an hour. They just call it a train. Passengers on the train can listen to explanations in several languages. It costs 6 euros and runs daily, except in a few cold months. The break falls between November 15 and January 31, with the exception of five days before the New Year.
Another type of urban transport is free escalators that lift pedestrians to the streets above. There are seven escalators in total in the principality.
Taxis can be taken at the stands at Place de la Casino, Monaco - Monte Carlo train station, Avenue Princess Grace, Fontvieille, Metropole, Place de Moline and at the Monte Carlo Post Office. The fare is about 1.2 euros per kilometer, after 22.00 the fare increases by 25%.
However, given the miniature size of Monaco, it is unlikely that a tourist will need to take a taxi. The longest walk you can take in Monaco is at most half an hour along the embankment from the Prince's Palace to the numerous casinos in Monte Carlo. As a rule, a taxi may be relevant when traveling from Monaco to Nice airport if, for one reason or another, the tourist does not have the opportunity (or desire) to use frequent and inexpensive trains and buses.
Tips
Tips are usually included in the bill.
The shops
In Monaco, like any other major tourist city, you can buy everything if you have the money. But only in Monaco you can buy rare beautiful ceramics, crystals, perfumes, candied fruits and delicious chocolate.
Place du Casino, Avenue des Beaux-Artes and Metropole Shopping Center are filled with boutiques with the biggest names. Global jewelry manufacturers, luxury stores, antiques, designer houses - in Casino Square and the surrounding area. On the Boulevard des Moulins you will find less expensive products of traditionally high quality.
Also famous places for shopping are rue Grimaldi and rue Caroline, where you will find a huge selection to suit the most discerning tastes. If you buy luxury goods, you are exempt from paying VAT (10%).
Shops in Monaco are open every day except Sunday from 9:00 to 19:00 with a lunch break from 12:00 to 14:00.
National cuisine
The favorite foods of Monegasques are vegetables and root vegetables, cheeses, steak with fried potatoes, stews with sauces, snails, and fish dishes. Residents drink a lot of wine and coffee.
Monaco's restaurants offer the most intricate dishes of French and Italian cuisine, and the local cuisine is influenced by the culinary preferences of the southern regions of France and Italian culinary traditions. The most popular in Monaco are fried flatbreads filled with seasoned cheese, "barbayan", dessert "fougasse" (orange pies decorated with nuts, almonds and anise seeds), thin pancakes "socca" and dried cod cooked in tomato sauce, "stokafi". .
Attractions
MONACO VILLE- the oldest part of the country, where ancient buildings are located. It is located at an altitude of 60 m above sea level. Here is located the most important cathedral of Monaco - the Cathedral, which was built in 1875 from white stone in the neo-Romanesque style. Inside the Cathedral is decorated with paintings by the painter Louis Brea, and during services the sounds of the organ, which was installed in 1976, can be heard from the Cathedral. In the Cathedral, the princes of Monaco and members of their families are seen off on their “last journey.”
Stands on top of the city cliff Princely Palace. It is the official residence of the ruling Grimaldi family. The palace was built on the site of a fortress erected by the Genoese in 1215. In front of the Palace there is Palace Square, where the guard of honor changes daily. It is surrounded by cannons cast in the era of Louis XIV. On the northeastern part of the cliff stands the 18th century fortress Fort Antoine. Today it is used as an open-air theater that seats 350 spectators.
On City Hall Square There is a chapel of "Divine Mercy". It was built in 1635 for meetings of the Brotherhood of Penitents. Inside the chapel there is a wooden sculpture of Christ, which was sculpted by the Monegasque Francis-Joseph Bosio (sculptor of Emperor Napoleon I). In Monaco-Ville you can go for a walk in the Gardens of Saint Martin. Pine trees, agaves and aloe grow here, among which there are fountains and statues, as well as a monument to Prince Albert I.
There are many museums in the Old Town. The Napoleon Museum and the Historical Archive of the Princely Palace on Palace Square houses more than a thousand objects and documents relating to the Empire of Napoleon I, personal belongings of the Emperor, objects belonging to the Russian Emperor Alexander II, as well as an exhibition of the history of Monaco, where you can see a collection of postage stamps and coins of the Principality . The Museum of Old Monaco is interesting with a unique historical collection of paintings, books, ceramics, old photographs, costumes and household items. The wax museum, dedicated to the history of the Grimaldi dynasty, tells about the famous personalities of this family from the end of the 13th century to the present day.
On the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, on a steep cliff, is the Oceanographic Museum. It was founded in 1910 as a scientific and cultural center. Collections of specimens of marine flora, stuffed animals and skeletons of marine animals are collected here. In the underground part of the museum there is an Aquarium with a volume of 400 cubic meters. meters, where a variety of inhabitants of the seabed live.
Area MONTE CARLO called the European Las Vegas. There are casinos and nightclubs, bars and restaurants here. In Monte Carlo, life does not stop even at night. The center of the area is Golden Square, where the oldest gambling establishment in Europe is located - the Monte Carlo Casino. The first Casino building was built in 1878 by Charles Garagnier, and the current one was built in 1910. The atrium of the building is lined with marble and surrounded by 28 onyx columns. The casino consists of a gallery of gambling halls - a hall in the Renaissance style, a European hall, a White hall, a hall of American games, a salon of Graces, as well as two halls for privileged visitors. All rooms are decorated with paintings, sculptures and bronze lamps. The Casino has a Cabaret and an Opera House (Garnier Hall), which is considered the most beautiful of all the Casino halls. The Garanje Hall is decorated with gold ornaments, bas-reliefs, frescoes and sculptures. Exquisite ballrooms and prestigious concerts are held here. The façade of the Casino looks out to the sea and is bordered by terraces and a park. The park gradually rises towards the mountains. The park has ponds, flower beds and lawns.
In addition to the Casino building, the Church of St. Charles stands out in the architecture of Monte Carlo. It was built in 1883 in the Renaissance style. The church building is crowned with a 30-meter bell tower, and inside it is decorated with colored stained glass windows and a luxurious chandelier from the Prince's Palace.
Very handsome Japanese Garden Monte Carlo on the seashore, the area of which is 7000 sq. m. The garden was planned in the best traditions of Japanese landscape parks, and bamboo fences, a Tea House, stone lanterns, tiles and wooden gates were brought directly from Japan.
Must visit National Doll Museum. It is located in a luxurious villa surrounded by a park. The museum's collection includes dolls dressed in costumes from different eras, displayed in display cases with miniature furniture.
IN LA CONDAMINE The port of Monaco is located. This area is considered the business center of the principality. The main attraction of La Condamine is the Church of Sainte Devote (patron saint of the country). It was built in the 11th century. Every year on January 26, in the square in front of the church, a model of the ship is burned, which, according to legend, sank off the coast of Monaco with the body of Devota. The pedestrianized Princess Caroline Street features numerous shops, cafés and restaurants. The street is lined with two rows of orange trees and leads to the city market. The market was opened in 1880, now it is an indoor space with trading pavilions. On the mountain slope of La Condamine there is an exotic park called Jardin Exotic. 7 thousand species of cacti and several thousand species of tropical plants are collected here. At the foot of the slope there is an entrance to a deep grotto with lighting, stalactites, stalagmites and limestone formations.
Also interesting in La Condamine is the Museum of Prehistoric Anthropology, which has been operating since 1902. It contains artifacts found during local archaeological excavations.
The FONVILLE district was built on territory “reclaimed” (due to drainage) from the sea. Here is the Commercial Center with the Prince Rainier III Antique Car Museum, where more than 100 cars are on display. The Landscape Park (area - 4 hectares) is very beautiful with a collection of all kinds of plants and the Rosary of Princess Grace (wife of Prince Rainier III). In the Rose Garden you can see more than 5,000 rose bushes, of which 150 species are unique varieties.
On the southern slope of Mont Aguel there is a zoo where representatives of tropical and African fauna live. In Fontville there is a Maritime Museum, where an exhibition of 180 copies of famous sea ships is open, telling about the history of shipbuilding. Fontville is also home to the principality's largest stadium, the Prince Louis II Stadium. This sports complex has a capacity of 20,000 seats. There is an Olympic-class underground swimming pool.
From Monaco excursions are organized to such French cities as Nice, Cannes, Marseille. Entry into France from Monaco is free.
Resorts
Paradoxically, Monaco is not a beach resort. The local beaches are very narrow and pebbly. But the balneological complex Le Monte Carlo-Sporting Club is considered unique in terms of the quality of service and the facility’s equipment for diagnosing and treating diseases. No less popular is the Marine Thermal Complex, which has the only cardio training center in Europe, rooms for hydrotherapy and relaxation.
Monte Carlo, the capital of the gambling business, located in the eastern part of the principality, also brought fame to Monaco. The city received its name thanks to King Charles III, who founded the city in 1866. Celebrities from all over the world come to Monte Carlo for unique experiences that can only be obtained here. In Monaco and Monte Carlo, time passes unnoticed. During the day - the beach, museums, shops. In the evening there are performances and restaurants, at night there are colorful shows and casinos.
Being the first among the world's prestigious resorts, Monte Carlo attracts tourists from all over the world not only with the exciting and risky temptations of nightlife, but also with unforgettable hours in the “temple of relaxation, fine form and health” - the famous Baths of Monte Carlo. Here you will be helped to get yourself in order, relax, fix your hair and manicure, learn proper nutrition, cleanse your body of toxins and improve your health.
Monaco, whose population is less than 38 thousand people, is, nevertheless, one of the most densely populated countries in the world. It should be said that the inhabitants of this principality do not live in poverty. The density of moneybags per square meter in Monaco is simply amazing. What do we know about this principality? Yes, there is a world famous casino there. The Grand Prix of the Formula 1 rally is also played in Monaco. A feature film was also shot in Hollywood about Princess Grace Kelly, brilliantly played by actress Nicole Kidman. What else do we know about this dwarf state? We invite you to take a short virtual trip to the principality of refined luxury and bold adventures.
Where is Monaco
The name Cote d'Azur tells you something - this coast of the Gulf of Marseille in France is the place of the most luxurious holiday. Cannes, Antibes, Nice - the very name of these resorts sounds like a song. The slopes descending like an amphitheater to the Mediterranean Sea are covered with villas costing several million dollars . Movie stars and owners of interstate trading corporations settle here. And among all this splendor nestles the small Principality of Monaco. Its population is small, and its area is even more so. The state occupies only two square kilometers and is one hundred and ninety-third in the world by this indicator. The sea with The old city of Monaco is just visible. The state does not have its own water area, although in the last 20 years it has recaptured several hectares of the coast. The principality is surrounded on all sides by France. Time in Monaco is European. In summer it lags behind Moscow by one hour, and in winter by two. The capital is Monaco.The country has a so-called dual monarchy, limited by the Constitution. The state is ruled by a prince - now it is Albert II. Despite its modest size, Monaco is represented in the UN, UNESCO, WHO, Interpol, Council of Europe and OSCE.
History of Monaco
Back in the tenth century BC, there was a Phoenician settlement on the rock where the dwarf principality is now located. Later, Greeks and Ligurians lived here. The history of the principality dates back to 1215, when the Monaco fortress was built on the rocky shore. Its population was small. Basically it was a military garrison. In the nineties of the thirteenth century, a civil war broke out in Genoa between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines. A certain Francesco Grimaldi disguised himself as a Franciscan monk and knocked on the evening of January 8, 1297, at the gates of the fortress, asking for shelter for the night. The guards were severely punished for their kindness. His accomplices, who burst in after Grimaldi, slaughtered the entire garrison. And Francesco himself founded a new princely line. For more than seven hundred years, the state has been continuously ruled by the Grimaldi family. And the state coat of arms is decorated with two Franciscan monks with swords.
Modern history of the country
It cannot be said that the independent country has never disappeared from the political map of Europe since then. Having passed under the Treaty of Perron in 1641 under the protectorate of France, Monaco was completely annexed by its powerful neighbor in 1789. But after the collapse of the Napoleonic Empire, the principality went to the Kingdom of Sardinia. It remained under his protectorate for half a century. In 1860, Sardinia withdrew its troops. The entire small area of Monaco was again recognized as sovereign. The economic rise of the dwarf state began in 1865, when a casino opened in Monte Carlo. A customs union was concluded with France. In 1911, a constitution appeared, where for the first time the power of the prince was limited. Foreign investors such as Aristotle Onassis provided significant assistance in the development of Monaco's economy. He invested in the entertainment industry and port construction.
The most famous princess
Until the twentieth century, representatives of the princely family of Monaco entered only into strategically advantageous marriage alliances. However, times change, and so do morals. In the middle of the twentieth century, fate brought the ruling Prince Rainier III together with the American actress Grace Kelly. She came to star in Alfred Hitchcock's film To Catch a Thief. And Rainier the Third, who ascended the throne in 1949, was the most eligible bachelor at that time. The couple's wedding took place in a narrow circle on April 18, 1956. The misalliance did not cause a big scandal (after all, the twentieth century!). In addition, Princess of Monaco Grace Kelly did everything possible to make the local people love her. She learned the language and customs. But its main merit is the preservation of the sovereignty of the principality in the complex political relations of the state with France. This is the story of the film “Princess of Monaco” starring Nicole Kidman. On September 13, 1982, Grace Kelly was driving. As a result of the stroke, she lost control of the car, causing the car to fall off a cliff. Grace died in hospital the next day. Her youngest daughter, seventeen-year-old Stefania Maria Elisabeth, was also in the car. The girl suffered a serious neck fracture. At this time, the country is ruled by Grace's son, Albert II, Prince of Monaco. The population carefully preserves the memory of the “American princess.” The main hospital is named after her, and a commemorative coin was issued in her honor.
Holidays in Monaco
The area of the country, as already indicated, is only two square kilometers. This is three times smaller than Moscow's Sokolniki Park. But in the last twenty years, thanks to the draining of the coast, the area of Monaco has increased by almost forty hectares. A port was equipped. Monaco thus became a maritime power in the truest sense of the word. But the principality is not famous for its beach holidays. The content of these two square kilometers is much more interesting than in Sokolniki. There are four cities there: Monte Carlo, Monaco-Ville, La Condamine and Fontvieille. All significant tourist attractions are concentrated on the Saint-Antoine rock jutting out into the sea. This is the Old Town, or Monaco-Ville. Only indigenous people - Monegasques - are allowed to settle here. They are also tax exempt. In Monaco-Ville there are the princely Grimaldi Palace, the cathedral with the tomb of Grace Kelly, the ancient Misericord chapel, Fort Antoine, the wax museums, Napoleon and the Old Town, the historical archive, and the gardens of St. Martin. On the square in front of the residence of Albert II, a ceremony is held every day for the changing of the guard of honor by the guards. It is also interesting to visit the Oceanarium.
Monte Carlo
A description of Monaco would be incomplete without mentioning this capital, where life is dedicated to gambling and nightlife. Center for gambling and nightlife in general. The key attraction here is Europe's first ever casino. This is the gambling house "Du Monte Carlo". It can be called a gambling establishment, which appeared first in the world among phenomena of this kind. But don’t think that people are going to Monte Carlo just to try their luck. There is the famous Japanese Garden, St. Charles Church and the amazing National Doll Park. For shopping you should go to La Condamine. In this town there is a port, a park of exotic plants, the Anthropological Museum, the Great Market, the Church of the Holy Virgin, and the pedestrian street of Princess Caroline. Fontvieille is a new seaside district. There is a zoo, museums of cars, ships, numismatics and philately.
Weather in Monaco
The state is located in a subtropical climate zone. It has hot, dry summers and warm, rainy winters. The average temperature in January is +10 degrees, and in July it does not drop below +23. The best time to visit the dwarf state is from May to early October. The region is protected from the northern winds by the Alps. And in summer, the heated air is refreshed by a light breeze from the sea.
Prices
As already mentioned, the Principality is not a country of beach holidays. For sun and sea, people go to Nice and Antibes, because life is cheaper there. Therefore, the weather in Monaco is not a predetermining factor for traveling to the country. Tourists come here to experience the world of refined luxury: to lose even a euro in the oldest casino, to watch Formula 1 races, and to visit the current residence of the prince. Prices in hotels in Monaco are quite consistent with the status of the country. There are simply no budget hotels here. Prices for a standard room start from fifteen thousand rubles per night. Restaurants are not far behind the hotels. Just one dish at Louis the Fifteenth costs about two hundred euros.
The state is located in the south of the European continent, in the northern part of the Mediterranean Sea, near the Cote d'Azur, 40 km northeast of Nice, France. The total area of the principality is 1,974 km 2, the length along the coast is 4.1 km. In recent years, the geography of Monaco has expanded territorially as a result of the drying of the sea.
Geography of Monaco
The country of Monaco is small, it is located in the southern part of Europe on the shores of the Ligurian Sea. Geography of Monaco is that the state does not have mineral resources, there is no production of them, as well as heavy industry, which contributes to the ecological balance. However culture of Monaco- this is a “model of love for life”... It is worth noting that the neighborhood with France had a huge impact on the country. Also geography state allows you to make an informed choice - so many tourist destinations are opening up in the future that your eyes run wild...
Monaco time
Monaco operates in the Central European time zone. Monaco time two hours behind Moscow. The entire territory of the country has one time zone. The country switches to summer time on March 25, winter time on October 25.
Climate of Monaco
Moderately warm winters (January average temperature +8-10° C), dry and warm sunny summers (August temperature 26° C) characterize. The country receives up to three hundred sunny days a year. The Maritime Alps serve as reliable protection for Monaco from cold winds from the north in winter, and in summer pleasant sea breezes cool the coast of the principality.
Weather Monaco
The high season in the principality is the period from May to the end of October, when it is accompanied by beach holidays, and the general life of the state is replete with daily holidays and interesting events. The weather here is fabulous and fragrant during the velvet season, in September and October, Monaco is popular at this time among lovers of a quiet and balanced holiday. Rainy weather in the principality comes closer to winter and late autumn.
Nature of Monaco
The location of the principality on the mountain slopes largely determines the component of the description nature of Monaco. The slopes are rich in forests and shrubs (maquis). The most represented trees are cedar and pine, as well as various types of oak. Types of maquis include: cistus, myrtle, evergreen viburnum and pistachios, juniper.
A fifth of the area Monaco replete with parks and gardens. There are plantings of figs, olives, pomegranates, pistachios, almonds and persimmons. They grow bananas, lemons, oranges, and tangerines. Japanese medlar and camphor laurel from the Land of the Rising Sun, cacti, aloe and agave from North and South America, and eucalyptus from Australia have also taken root.
