What is a pre-infarction state? Pre-infarction condition: what it is, manifestations, how to identify and prevent development

Heart attack– one of the most dangerous and common diseases of the 21st century and is no longer a disease of old age. Unfortunately, the disease has become younger and occurs in women during menopause, which is mainly at the age of 50-55.

What is a heart attack?

Myocardial infarction– this is the cessation of nutrition of the heart muscle due to disruption of the conductivity of the coronary arteries.

Insufficient blood flow along the main artery to the heart muscles leads to a lack of oxygen and oxygen depletion of myocardial cells, and as a result they die, which leads to a heart attack. At the site of cell death, rough connective tissue is formed, which is not capable of performing contractile movements.

A hard scar of connective tissue forms on the wall of the myocardial heart, which prevents the organ from functioning fully.

Cardiac ischemia- the main harbinger of a heart attack, since this is already a violation of the blood supply and nutrition of the cardiac muscle of the heart (myocardium). What disrupts blood supply? Atherosclerotic plaque. This problem occurs due to the deposition of fats, cholesterol and other lipids (a plaque is an accumulation of them). This is how the lumen of the vessel begins to narrow.

Over time, after the plaque comes off a blood clot appears and enlarges. It can occupy the entire lumen of the artery and, accordingly, disrupt the supply of oxygen, which leads to cell death (necrosis).

The first signs of a pre-heart attack

Up to 50 years old Women's sex hormones (especially female estrogen) protect them from the formation of cholesterol plaques. As hormonal imbalances and other diseases increase in women, there is less estrogen in the body. Namely, it promotes the expansion of coronary vessels and protects the female body from early heart attack. Symptoms of pre-heart attack in women differ from those in men.

Another bad news is that women have a much harder time suffering a heart attack. Women, unfortunately, are simply inattentive to their body when it signals problems.

There are two types of signals of this disease:

1. Remote– their appearance is a signal about a violation of oxygen supply, a lack of oxygen to myocardial cells;
2. Late– this is the body’s signal about a critical condition and cell death within a few hours.

You can stay in a pre-infarction state from 3 days to 3 weeks or even more. This is an individual feature of each person and his body.
Treatment of pre-infarction is possible and necessary.

Pay special attention to your heart if you experience the following symptoms:

If you hold your breath at night or snore (don’t think that this is a problem exclusively for men).
If you have difficulty breathing, you may experience shortness of breath at rest.
If your fatigue, as it seems to you, is causeless and does not go away even after a long rest.
If you suffer from insomnia.
If you have frequent urges to go to the toilet, especially at night.
If your face seems swollen in the morning.
If your periodontal disease progresses.
If you feel discomfort in the stomach area or have an upset stomach for no apparent reason.
If you begin to suffer from arrhythmia and tachycardia.
If you feel panic or unexplained anxiety, or even fear of death.

Symptoms and manifestations of pre-infarction condition

Women have their own body characteristics and are less likely to be susceptible to this disease:

women's heart muscle is smaller;
The heart beats more often in women per minute (90 beats and 70-75 in men);
estrogen is the main protector of female coronary vessels.

But heart attack and its symptoms in women have been studied less. The fact is that women tolerate pain better, they are more tolerant and, accordingly, do not pay due attention to health problems.

Among the symptoms of pre-myocardial infarction, the most important are:

severe chest pain that occurs suddenly, the heart contracts, something is pressing on it, and the pain noticeably radiates to the neck, back or shoulder. Often pills do not relieve pain;
lack of air during pre-infarction, shortness of breath at rest.

Sometimes the symptoms are invisible or barely noticeable, the disease may also have atypical symptoms, for example, women with diabetes. They must pay special attention to their health. Their pre-infarction state may be asymptomatic.

Late signals of pre-infarction state:

temperature rises to 38 degrees;
heavy sweating, while the sweat is cold and sticky;
starts to feel sick;
pain in the abdomen and behind the sternum (due to the structure of the female diaphragm, pain can occur in the abdomen);
neck, shoulder, or left arm pain;
blood pressure drops sharply;
rapid pulse;
numbness of the extremities (hands and fingers);
headache often due to pain in the back of the head;
weakness, turning into dizziness or even fainting.

What to do if you have a pre-heart attack?

First aid for a pre-heart attack should be provided quickly and effectively:

Call an ambulance;
lay the patient down;
it is necessary to ensure the supply of fresh air;
measure your blood pressure;
give 1 tablet of nitroglycerin under the tongue;
give an aspirin tablet (500 mg);
give the patient a sedative (Valocordin, Corvalol);
Give the patient a painkiller.

A biochemical blood test shows the presence of enzymes in large quantities. These are a kind of markers that indicate necrosis in the heart area. Troponin is considered the main indicator, since troponin levels increase and last from 4 hours to 12 days after a heart attack. But even a general blood test usually shows a large number of leukocytes.

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The main cause of this disease is cholesterol plaque, and the main cause of artery damage is high blood pressure and excessive heartbeat. Thus, hard physical work, stress, and strong emotional stress lead to increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and a pre-infarction state.

People suffering from atherosclerosis are at a particularly high risk of heart attack. Change the wrong lifestyle - as this is the main cause of this disease. If atherosclerosis is inherited from relatives, then it is especially important to adhere to a healthy lifestyle.

The main causes of the disease in women:

age over 50;
overweight, obesity;
bad habits: smoking and alcohol;
diabetes;
high blood pressure;
lack of physical activity;
emotional exhaustion;
stress, nervous fatigue.

How to prevent a heart attack?

No bad habits. No nicotine and alcohol.
Start treatment for atherosclerosis.
Healthy eating. It is very important.
Weight control. With a healthy diet, this problem should not exist.
If you need to take blood thinners, be sure to take such medications.
Make it a rule to undergo an annual medical examination (with a blood test for sugar and general blood sugar) and an ECG.
Taking Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin). It is essential for your health if you are over 50 for many reasons.

Be attentive to your health and well-being.

Treatment of heart attack

Treatment depends on the extent and location of possible or existing damage.

Drug therapy

This technique has a number of contraindications. The effectiveness of treatment reaches 70%.

This treatment only resolves the blood clot, but the atherosclerotic plaque remains:

Thrombolytics (Metalise, Actilyse, Streptokinase)
Narcotic painkillers (Morphine, etc.) to reduce pain.
Sedatives for a calming effect.
Nitroglycerin intravenously to dilate the coronary arteries and improve nutrition of the heart muscle.
Heparin intravenously to eliminate the risk of recurrent thrombosis.

Other medications are prescribed by the doctor with careful monitoring of the course of the disease and the patient’s condition on an individual basis.

If surgical intervention is unavoidable

If without surgical intervention cannot be avoided, then it is carried out:

open intervention(coronary artery bypass grafting) - is performed quite rarely due to the huge risk of death. The operation is performed under general anesthesia using a cardiopulmonary bypass machine (ACB). In this case, the patient’s heart is stopped for a while, which makes it possible to carry out all manipulations;
mini-invasive procedure(, angioplasty, coronary angiography) - which is considered less dangerous and better tolerated. This is especially important for people with diabetes or other complications. The narrowed area of the vessel is inflated with a special balloon, and a special mesh (stand) is installed to stabilize the vessel wall.

Consequences of a heart attack

If the pre-infarction treatment was not positive and a heart attack still occurs, then you need to be prepared for post-infarction complications. They can be mechanical (ruptures), ischemic, electrical, and so on.

Let's look at some of the complications below:

Cardiogenic shock– one of the most severe post-infarction complications, especially common in diabetics, women, or patients with repeated infarction. Unfortunately, it leaves no chance for almost 20% of patients. The main reason is the loss of precious time when something can still be changed.
Mitral regurgitation is a common complication that can be treated either with medication or with emergency surgery. It is more common in patients who have suffered a lower localization infarction.
Heartbreak. This is perhaps the worst thing that can happen to the patient. Heart rupture is practically untreatable. He takes about 3% of patients. Undoubtedly, the most dangerous complication for women, since their heart often cannot withstand heavy load, improper or delayed treatment, which provokes a rupture.
Dressler syndrome. It occurs as a reaction of the immune system to substances that come from cardiomyocytes. The immune system does not perceive these substances and, accordingly, the body begins to fight foreign bodies. Happens in 5% of cases.
Thromboembolism– after surgery there is a particular risk of blood clots, especially in the first 5 days. To prevent this from happening, patients are given heparin as soon as possible. On the second day, warfarin is taken.
Post-infarction syndrome- This is the body’s immune system’s response to cell death. As a result, there may be inflammation of the pleura, lungs or pericardium (separately or simultaneously). Treatment consists of hormonal drugs.

After a heart attack, you need to be especially careful about preventing new complications.

Know your numbers, namely:

blood glucose level;
cholesterol level;
blood pressure (needs to be checked regularly).

Try to keep these indicators normal; the quality and duration of your life largely depend on them.

I repeat that prevention and reduction of the risk of heart attack is the main rule for those who have encountered this disease or have a genetic predisposition.
The main change in the lives of women who have suffered from this disease should be their diet.

You need to follow a special diet, specially developed by specialists in this field. Give preference to stewed, or boiled, or baked dishes; they need to be salted immediately before eating. Please remember that some foods are strictly prohibited.

Long live healthy eating:

Green tea (rich in antioxidants, they reduce bad cholesterol and help normalize blood pressure).
No fats in your diet. Be careful with fats, they can harm you.
Olive oil – replace regular sunflower oil with it.
More products that contain coarse fiber (you can buy bran in any supermarket, and it is better to choose bread from whole grains).
Replace fatty meat with fish. Fish oil is also a good option
Drink juices. The best choice is fresh orange, tomato, grape juice.
Fresh vegetables and fruits are your best choice. Take advantage of the huge selection of vegetables and fruits. Love cabbage - white cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, broccoli.
Nuts are tasty and very healthy.
Start adding flaxseed to your favorite foods.
Try cooking something with soy.
Move more.
Eat garlic, it will protect you from blood clots.

Preventive actions

Currently, cardiac pathology occupies one of the leading places among the causes of mortality in the population. Diseases of the cardiovascular system should be promptly identified and treated, but if such diseases are not treated carefully, this approach can lead to dangerous health consequences. In particular, myocardial infarction may develop, which is often preceded by a pre-infarction condition, the symptoms of which in men and women, as well as what to do if you feel unwell, we will consider today.

Cardiologists equate the pre-infarction state with unstable angina, which, if necessary and timely assistance is not provided, can cause the development of partial necrosis of a section of the heart muscle.

If you are attentive to the symptoms that arise, then it is quite possible to avoid the development of an extremely severe complication of coronary artery disease.

Not all patients are vigilant about their health and monitor the symptoms of the condition, which are precursors of a heart attack, and they cannot be left without due attention and ignored, because timely consultation with a doctor will help save life.

A pre-infarction condition develops against the background of a significant deterioration in coronary circulation as a result of stenosis (narrowing) of the arteries supplying the myocardium. As a result, the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart muscle becomes difficult or completely stops.

Clinical symptoms will depend on the size of the lesion in the area of the heart muscle, as well as on individual characteristics. There are no differences in the symptoms of the pre-infarction state between men and women, except that most of the fairer sex tolerate the disease more emotionally.

The main symptoms of pre-infarction in men and women

Provoking factors causing the development of a pre-infarction state are the following situations: excessive physical activity; psycho-emotional arousal; prolonged exposure to the cold can provoke spasm of the coronary vessels; In some situations, symptoms may occur after eating.

Typically, the symptoms of a pre-infarction condition in women and men consist in the appearance of pain behind the sternum, which is of a compressive or pressing nature, often radiating to the left upper limb, as well as to the lower jaw, under the scapula, and sometimes to the neck area.

Typically, the duration of a painful attack varies from 1 to 15 minutes. In such a situation, it is imperative to relieve (prevent) pain; for this purpose, the patient should have nitroglycerin tablets with him, which help normalize coronary blood supply.

Atypical presentation

In addition to the classic manifestation of the pre-infarction state, it can also occur in an atypical form. If this is so, then atypical symptoms in women and men will not be accompanied by pain, but instead there will be weakness and irritability. Dizziness occurs, and you can also see cyanosis (blue discoloration) of the nasolabial triangle and fingers, which is associated with impaired blood supply to the tissues.

In addition, the patient may have disturbed sleep, which will be expressed in the form of drowsiness or insomnia, in addition, shortness of breath is observed. In this situation, an atypical form of pre-infarction condition can be diagnosed by performing an ECG (where extrasystoles and signs of paroxysmal tachycardia will appear).

In some situations, symptoms in men and women on the eve of a heart attack are expressed in abdominal syndrome. In this case, pain appears in the upper abdomen, it can radiate to the left region of the sternum, the patient complains of some burning and stinging in the so-called epigastric region.

In addition, pain may be felt in the upper back, which may be mistakenly regarded as arthrosis or osteochondrosis of the cervicothoracic spine. But after an X-ray examination, the diagnosis is not confirmed, and the pain increases, which brings the onset of a heart attack closer. Accordingly, it is important to promptly recognize the patient’s condition in order to provide him with appropriate qualified assistance.

If you suspect a pre-infarction condition - what to do right away?

The patient should be kept at rest. If the patient's condition does not improve after taking nitroglycerin, it is recommended to urgently call an ambulance to hospitalize the victim in the cardiology department.

The principles of treatment of a pre-infarction condition are to prescribe the following groups of pharmaceuticals to the patient: anticoagulants, nitrates, in addition, antiplatelet agents, calcium antagonists, beta-blockers, and stanines.

Prevention of a pre-infarction condition involves mandatory treatment of angina pectoris, it is necessary to keep blood pressure under control, and also monitor cholesterol levels in the blood, since its elevated level can provoke the development of blood clots in the so-called intima (inner lining) of blood vessels, which can impair the blood supply to the myocardium.

Conclusion

It is important to eat right; you should not overindulge in fatty foods, as this leads to increased cholesterol levels. The evening meal is light - until 19 o'clock. Taking medications prescribed by your doctor is now permanent for you. Discuss the need to take magnesium + potassium vitamins, if they are not prescribed separately (they may be included in the main medications). Now you should always have a plate of Validol tablets or its analogues and a container of Nitroglycerin in your pocket. In addition, you should lead a healthy lifestyle, be sure to give up bad habits (smoking, drinking alcohol), which negatively affect cardiac activity. Discuss the possibility and amount of feasible physical exercise - squats at a comfortable pace, calf raises, others without weights, as well as time for walks in the fresh air.

The development of myocardial infarction is usually preceded by a pre-infarction state, which appears due to the cessation of blood flow through the coronary vessels. However, a heart attack does not subsequently develop in all cases: if the signs of the disease are recognized in time and treatment is started, the condition will stabilize and become safe for the body.

One of the most pronounced signs of a pre-infarction state in women is pain that appears in the chest area and is similar in nature to angina pectoris. A distinctive feature of pain is the impossibility of eliminating it with Nitroglycerin or Nitrosorbide, as well as an increase in attacks up to 22-25 times a day. The pain appears in most cases at night and lasts about half an hour. A long stay in this state often leads to gradual necrosis of the heart muscle. Acute pain spreads to the right side of the body and radiates into the arm and under the collarbone.

The main signs of a pre-infarction condition in women:

Restlessness and sudden excitement.
The appearance of cold sweat.
Pain in the area of the shoulder joints.
Difficulty coordinating movements.
Inability to take a deep breath.

Read also: First aid for myocardial infarction

The signs of a pre-infarction condition listed above are not typical for everyone. Some patients have atypical manifestations that are absolutely similar to those listed, among them:

general weakness;
insomnia;
nausea;
periodic dizziness;
dyspnea;
irritation and aggressiveness of women.

The pre-infarction state is accompanied by compressive pain in the left hypochondrium. The sensation of pain manifests itself in the form of a burning sensation and occurs against the background of intense physical activity, stress, and sometimes minor anxiety.

The asthmatic pre-infarction condition in women has similar symptoms with causeless cyanosis and difficulty breathing.

A pre-infarction condition often leads to a heart attack, which in some cases is fatal, so if you notice the first symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor.

The pre-infarction state is characterized by signs of angina pectoris accompanied by additional symptoms. Particular attention should be paid to the appearance of:

attacks of angina pectoris that appeared for the first time;
increased frequency of attacks that last longer;
paleness of the face against the background of an attack;
unexplained fatigue;
shallow breathing and sudden interruptions in heartbeat;
pain in the abdomen;
chest pain at rest.

A pre-infarction condition appears due to local spasm of the coronary artery occurring at the site of formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Also, spasm of a vessel can occur due to damage to its inner lining - this provokes the formation of a blood clot, which further narrows the lumen of the vessel, which leads to myocardial infarction.

Diagnosis of pre-infarction condition in women

Only a cardiologist can diagnose a pre-infarction condition or the development of a heart attack, having studied the entire clinical picture in detail. When assessing the patient's general condition, symptoms, examination findings, and laboratory tests will be taken into account.

To confirm the diagnosis, the following is prescribed:

general blood analysis;
electrocardiogram;
ultrasonography;
magnetic resonance therapy.

After carefully studying the data, the cardiologist will make a diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment.

Treatment of pre-infarction condition

All therapeutic measures for pre-infarction conditions in women are carried out in a hospital setting. The patient is relieved of the symptoms according to the same principle as during a heart attack. Bed rest is prescribed until the pain completely disappears and the electrocardiogram indicators return to normal levels. As drug therapy, drugs are prescribed that reduce the oxygen demand of the heart muscle, such as:

Sustonite;
Trinitrolong;
Sustak;
Sustabukkal;
Nitroglycerine.

Heparin is used to prevent thrombosis. This remedy will reduce the likelihood of angina attacks and improve lipid metabolism. In some cases, medications that improve blood flow may be prescribed, these include:

Isoptin;
Nifedipine;
Corinfar, etc.

Read also: How to increase platelet levels in the blood

If medications do not give the desired result, surgical treatment may be prescribed. Coronary artery bypass grafting is usually used. The operation does not provide a guaranteed cure.

Preventive actions

To prevent a pre-infarction condition in women, it is recommended first of all to change their lifestyle, give up alcohol and smoking, and also establish a rest and physical activity regimen. Partially avoid fried, smoked foods and confectionery products. In addition, it is necessary to introduce regular use of cardiovascular medications.

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Alarming symptoms

There are certain signs that indicate an approaching heart attack.

Basic premise: narrowing of the coronary vessels due to a chronic disease, for example, coronary heart disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis.

If you have the above diseases, a heart attack can also occur after severe emotional or physical stress, as well as with hypertension.

If a person suffers from coronary heart disease, then the onset of a heart attack can be determined in advance.

Symptoms of coronary circulatory disorders become apparent in about a week.

The risk group includes the following categories of people:

men
people over 45 years old
hypertensive patients
people with high blood cholesterol levels
obese people
people who abuse smoking and drinking alcohol
people whose relatives have had a heart attack

Symptoms of pre-infarction condition

A pre-infarction condition can be determined by severe pain. The pain is similar to an angina attack and is localized behind the sternum. The attacks do not stop after taking nitroglycerin and are repeated more and more often. More than 20 attacks can occur per day, which certainly leads to the death of heart muscle tissue.

The pain gradually changes its boundaries and moves to the collarbone area, to the right arm and under the sternum, to the area under the tongue.

The patient breaks out in a cold sweat, the internal state is anxious, panicky, and there may be a fear of death.

Sometimes the scheme may differ from the typical one. Several days or weeks before a heart attack, a person may

complain about:

weakness
headache, dizziness
sleep problems
mood swings

As a heart attack approaches, shortness of breath, blueness of the skin and mucous membranes appear for no apparent reason.

It happens that the pain is on the left side, in the hypochondrium and upper abdomen. The patient's complaints are as follows:

pain of various types
pain that intensifies with the slightest physical exertion and stress

During the pre-infarction state, the patient may suffer from cough, nausea, hiccups, and feel a rapid heartbeat.

You should know that a heart attack can happen suddenly. A great shock must occur to the body for the vessels to immediately narrow by more than 50% and myocardial necrosis to occur. The most dangerous thing is a heart attack at rest.

Diagnosis of pre-infarction condition

If the slightest disturbances occur, you can check your health using an electrocardiogram.

In old age, the diagnosis will include: circulatory decompensation, blockades, paroxysmal tachycardia

The second research method is an echocardiogram. It identifies tumors, scars, blood clots, defects, pathologies of the parts and cavities of the heart, and circulatory disorders.

Magnetic resonance therapy assesses the blood supply to the myocardium, determines whether there is ischemia, and also allows us to determine infarction and tumors. To complete the picture, contrast agents are injected into the blood.

Coronary vessels can be studied by coronary angiography. During the procedure, non-ionic contrast agents (urografins) are injected into the blood. It analyzes in which places there is a narrowing, its magnitude and what threat it poses to the body at the moment.

The Holter monitoring method will allow long-term monitoring of heart function. The device records heart function throughout the day. The results are analyzed by a computer program. In this way, moments of increased pressure, myocardial ischemia and heart rhythm disturbances can be determined.

Emergency medical care

If a pre-infarction condition has occurred, as evidenced by severe pain, you should immediately call an ambulance.

Before the doctors arrive, the patient must assume a state of rest. Let fresh air into the room.

Taking several tablets is highly undesirable, despite positive reviews from patients. A large dose of medication can lead to a sharp drop in blood pressure.

If you don’t have nitroglycerin on hand, you can replace it with validol, corvalol, or valocardine. They help dilate blood vessels and increase blood access to the myocardium. To eliminate the risk of blood clots, aspirin is taken, it thins the blood.

After calling an ambulance, it is necessary to undergo treatment in a hospital.

To eliminate all disturbing symptoms, nitroglycerin is administered intravenously, which relieves spasm from the coronary arteries.

Treatment is similar to the treatment of the heart attack itself.

The following groups of drugs are prescribed:

beta blockers
nitrate preparations
antiarrhythmic drugs
anticoagulants
antiplatelet agents
antispasmodics
ACE inhibitors

During the entire treatment, the patient is provided with maximum rest and is on a diet.

Before discharge, physical activity gradually increases.

If a critical narrowing of the coronary vessels occurs, surgery is performed. It must be done no later than 4-5 hours after the first severe attack of pain.

If the pre-infarction condition is not critical, but the doctor determines a high risk of a subsequent heart attack, then coronary artery stenting or coronary artery bypass grafting is performed.

At home, you will need long-term medication, constant monitoring of blood pressure, adherence to a diet and a healthy lifestyle.

Experts will tell you more about the pre-infarction condition in the form:

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Main forms of pre-infarction condition

In medical practice, a pre-infarction state is defined as unstable angina. It develops against the background of incorrect or incomplete treatment, stress and various complications. In some cases, this condition can be treated independently, after which the person quickly recovers. Pre-infarction includes the following:

Tension angina that occurs in a person for the first time.
Tension progressive angina pectoris, when attacks of a similar condition have already occurred in the past. It is characterized by a more pronounced pain syndrome, irradiation of a burning sensation and squeezing.
Angina pectoris at rest, which develops after the exertion phase. Usually occurs after intense physical activity and other types of stress.
Early post-infarction angina - pain in the left side appears 1-30 days after a heart attack.
Angina pectoris that appears after bypass surgery occurs due to disruption of blood flow by atherosclerotic plaques.
Prinzmetal angina, developing against the background of spasm in the large coronary arteries. Characterized by severe pain in the heart area in the morning.

Common warning signs of the disease

At first, a pre-infarction condition can easily be confused with a common cold. Because of this, many sick people do not pay attention to this problem for a long time - they do not even suspect a serious disturbance in the functioning of the heart.

40-60 minutes before a heart attack, a person may experience the following symptoms:

chest discomfort;
aching bones;
general malaise;
change in normal body temperature in both directions.

It should be noted that In women, it is much more difficult to determine the pre-infarction state than in men. Such a serious cardiovascular abnormality is diagnosed after the fact. Pensioners and diabetics tolerate signs of a pre-infarction condition more easily. Due to the increased pain threshold, they can endure discomfort for a long time and not give it any importance.

If you have been experiencing discomfort for a long time without an obvious reason, try to consult a doctor for a detailed diagnosis.

Pre-infarction warning signs also include difficulty breathing, blue discoloration of the nasolabial triangle, pain in the left side of the chest, dizziness and fainting. Contact your doctor immediately if any of these signs appear.

Disguised signs of pre-infarction

Myocardial infarction– a disease of the cardiovascular system that can be asymptomatic. Of course, in 70-90% of cases, certain signs of damage still appear, but in other people this condition can be disguised for a long time as some other chronic illness. The most common other types of attack are:

Option	Symptoms	Frequency of propagation
Asthmatic	Shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, suffocation, mild or no pain	About 10% of all heart attacks, occurs mainly in the elderly
Gastralgic	Pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, hiccups and belching, bloating	In 5% of cases, most often diagnosed with low myocardial infarction
Arrhythmic	Abnormal heartbeat, mild pain, general malaise	In 1-5% of all cases
Cerebrovascular	Dizziness, loss of space, loss of consciousness, vomiting	5 to 10%, most common in older adults
Asymptomatic	Absent, myocardial infarction is diagnosed only by ECG results	Varies from 0.5 to 20%, most often found in diabetics.

The first signs of pre-heart attack in women

When the first signs and symptoms appear Pre-heart attack in women should immediately consult a doctor - perhaps you will be able to stop the attack and prevent the development of a full-fledged myocardial infarction. The first warning signs of this condition appear long before cardiovascular damage, which gives you the opportunity to identify pre-infarction in the early stages yourself. You should pay the most attention to the following warning signs:

regularly recurring attacks of weakness;
recurrent chest pain, regardless of the exact location;
constant lack of air.

If such signs appear, you should immediately consult a cardiologist. Using timely diagnostic methods, he will be able to determine the pre-infarction condition in the early stages. It is enough for the treating specialist to conduct an ECG, based on the results of decoding which he will be able to make an accurate diagnosis. When true signs of a pre-heart attack appear, the woman is sent to the hospital for intensive care.

Symptoms of pre-infarction in women

A clear symptom of pre-heart attack in women is severe heart pain, which cannot be stopped with any pills. Such attacks are repeated more and more often every day, and can recur up to 20-30 times a day. Most often, the greatest discomfort haunts a woman at night when she is at rest.

Female pre-infarction has a blurred clinical picture - it is quite difficult to recognize this condition.

All this leads to the death of the heart muscles, which subsequently negatively affects the speed of recovery. Heart pain may radiate to the right side of the body.

A pre-infarction condition can be recognized by the following symptoms:

inability to take a deep breath;
the appearance of fear, anxiety, strong excitement;
pain in the shoulder joints;
violation of spatial coordination;
coldness of the extremities, the appearance of cold sweat.

It should be noted that the pre-infarction condition can manifest itself differently in each person: some people have all these symptoms, while others have none. Shortly before myocardial infarction, the patient begins to complain of insomnia, constant dizziness, weakness, lethargy, and constant nausea. The woman’s behavior also changes: she becomes more aggressive and irritable.

The first signs of pre-heart attack in men

A more accurate clinical picture is considered to be a distinctive black pre-infarction condition in men.

Representatives of the stronger sex are rarely diagnosed with this condition only based on the results ECG— usually when the first disturbances appear, men feel abnormalities in the functioning of the body.

Male pre-infarction has a more typical clinical picture; it is not difficult to determine the obvious symptoms of this condition in them.

For a long time before an attack, men suffer from unstable angina, which occurs mainly at rest. It cannot be controlled with medications and goes away on its own after some time. The following pre-infarction warning signs in men are also identified:

increased fatigue, lack of vigor even after a long rest;
sleep disturbances, insomnia, frequent awakenings;
difficulty breathing, development of shortness of breath;
causeless attacks of fear and anxiety;
constant headache, decreased visual acuity;
constant discomfort in the chest area;
indigestion: nausea, vomiting, heartburn;
pale skin, cold sweat.

When the first signs indicating a pre-infarction condition appear, try to immediately consult your doctor. The sooner you receive medical assistance, the faster you will be able to restore your body. Don't ignore discomfort that cause you serious discomfort.

Symptoms of pre-infarction in men

Symptoms and first signs of pre-heart attack in men completely depend on how this disease progresses: typical or apathetic. For diagnosis, only the second type presents difficulties, in which heart disease is disguised as other ailments of the digestive, respiratory or other system.

For the typical and most common case, the symptoms of pre-heart attack in men are as follows:

The appearance of acute intense pain that spreads to the entire chest. Also, such discomfort can spread to the left shoulder or collarbone, neck, teeth, and can radiate to the ear or the area between the shoulder blades.
Attacks of heart pain have a wave-like character: they either intensify or subside. This phenomenon cannot be stopped by Nitroglycerin and lasts from several hours to 3-5 days.
Painful sensations can be different: pressing, sharp, bursting. The larger the surface of the damaged muscle layer of the heart, the stronger the pain.
The appearance of a feeling of extreme fear, excessive agitation - in some cases, on the contrary, shortness of breath and weakness occur.
Blood pressure levels rise rapidly and then drop sharply.
Arrhythmia and tachycardia are observed, which cannot be stopped with pills.
Cold sweat appears, the skin becomes pale.

A distinctive sign of pre-heart attack in men is clear and easily distinguishable symptoms. The stronger sex is characterized by a classic variant of the development of this disease, in which severe chest pain predominates. Do not endure pain and discomfort - call an ambulance immediately.

What to do if signs of a pre-heart attack appear?

When the first signs of pre-infarction appear, immediate drug therapy is necessary. This will help not only save life, but also subsequently quickly restore the body to its normal state. Call an ambulance immediately if you have chest pain, and before it arrives, do the following:

sit on a chair, place pillows under the head;
get rid of tight clothes, unbutton your shirt and remove all accessories from your neck;
put Nitroglycerin under your tongue, renew the tablet every 5 minutes, but no more than 3 times;
dissolve an effervescent tablet of Aspirin and Plavix in a glass of water and drink the medicine - this will help thin the blood;
in the absence of an ambulance for a long time, the patient must be administered Baralgin or Analgin intramuscularly to reduce pain.

You should not ignore the first signs of a pre-infarction condition - as soon as you experience any discomfort in your heart, you should immediately consult a doctor. You may be able to get rid of this phenomenon and prevent it from developing into a full-fledged heart attack. Also, the timeliness and completeness of drug therapy determines how completely the body can be restored.

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Pre-infarction symptoms pressure

The pre-infarction condition in humans is progressive angina with an advanced stage, which can soon turn into myocardial infarction (with insufficient treatment, stress, other complications), or can stop on its own and make a reverse progression. Pre-infarction symptoms, pressure and pain attacks become more frequent during the period of progression.

Pre-infarction condition - symptoms, pressure.

The pre-infarction state has a pronounced pain syndrome - pain in the chest is the same as with angina pectoris. But, unlike angina pectoris, attacks are not stopped by nitroglycerin, and their number becomes more frequent. Sometimes 30 or more attacks can occur per day, which leads to gradual necrosis of the heart muscle.

The pain that occurs during a pre-infarction condition radiates under the tongue, to the right side of the sternum, under the collarbones, and into the arms. The patient develops cold sweat, strong agitation and anxiety, and fear of death. Nitroglycerin does not help relieve pain, patients themselves note this; sometimes only taking about two to three dozen tablets of nitrosorbitol or nitroglycerin in a row can slightly ease the pain syndrome.

The atypical course of the pre-infarction state is marked by weakness, irritability, severe dizziness, sleep disturbances, insomnia, but there is no pain syndrome as such. A patient with such a course of the pre-infarction state experiences shortness of breath and cyanosis for no apparent reason, even at rest. Only an electrocardiogram can help diagnose a pre-infarction state: the patient experiences extrasystole, blockades, circulatory decompensation, and paroxysmal tachycardia. An atypical picture of a pre-infarction state is most often observed in elderly people (age group from 75 years to 90 years).

Sometimes abdominal pre-infarction syndrome occurs, in which pain is localized in the left hypochondrium, in the upper abdomen. The patient notes that he has a burning sensation in the epigastric region; the pain can be aching, stabbing, burning, cutting, and intensifies with physical activity, walking, stress and anxiety. Pain may be significantly reduced at rest or after a large dose medicines– nitrates.

The reason for the appearance of a pre-infarction state from angina pectoris is stress, nervous overstrain and excessive physical exercise, conflict conditions, sports overload, taking excessive doses of alcohol, medications, frequent smoking, overheating of the body, and so on.

A pre-infarction state is not always characterized by an increase in blood pressure, although hypertensive patients are most susceptible to the appearance of a pre-infarction state.

The duration of the pre-infarction state may not exceed three days, or can last up to three weeks. Mortality from heart attack could be reduced significantly if the diagnosis of the pre-infarction condition could be accurate and timely in each case.

If a patient is diagnosed with a pre-infarction condition, then he must be urgently admitted to a hospital, prescribed treatment and ensured complete rest.

Of course, a pre-infarction condition can be considered the very first attack of angina in a patient, as well as spontaneous, unpredictable, situational angina, progressive, or unstable angina.

In patients who have experienced angina for the first time, changes are visible on the electrocardiogram: displacement of segments, changes in the T wave, disturbances in conduction and heart rhythm.

Several attacks in a row, which are absolutely not controlled by medications, indicate a high threat of developing myocardial infarction against the background of a pre-infarction state.

The greatest concern in patients with angina pectoris should be a change in the nature of pain and attacks: with constantly existing angina pectoris, attacks suddenly occur at rest, or, conversely, with angina pectoris at rest, pain occurs during exertion or nervous shock. Particular concern regarding the pre-infarction state should be caused by nocturnal attacks, an increase in the frequency of attacks, an increase in their duration, intensity, and characteristic changes in the electrocardiogram.

Any symptom that appears for the first time indicates the possibility of progression of the pre-infarction condition, and should be a signal for urgent consultation with a doctor.

In the pre-infarction state, loads that were previously well tolerated by the patient cause increased pain and deterioration of the patient’s condition.

In this condition, the patient's pain may change in nature - it may appear in other areas of the body, change directions and intensity. Night pain is accompanied by a newly emerging state of suffocation, which was not observed before. The pain may intensify when the patient tries to strain during bowel movements or urination.

On the ECG, all the changes that occurred in the patient with the onset of the attack do not disappear within two to three days, and may persist for a longer time. Unstable angina can last up to several months, eventually leading to stable angina.

With spontaneous angina, painful attacks appear mainly at night or in the morning.

Treatment of pre-infarction condition.

In a pre-infarction state, it will not be enough to stop pain attacks in the patient - it is necessary to carry out intensive therapy with anticoagulants and antispasmodics. The patient requires intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin to relieve attacks.

Treatment of the pre-infarction condition is long-term, and after intensive therapy and first aid, the patient must be observed by a doctor, undergo a preventive examination and have an ECG done to identify the progression of the disease.
Pre-infarction symptoms, pressure and pain attacks are the basis for hospitalization of the patient in a hospital and provision of intensive care.

How to recognize the symptoms of a pre-infarction condition?

Do you know what the symptoms of a pre-heart attack are? In our article we will talk about how to recognize heart disease in time and prevent dangerous consequences.

In most cases, recognizing the symptoms of a heart attack is easy: If a person experiences sudden pain in the chest, which rapidly intensifies and spreads to the area of the left arm and back, then medical attention must be provided as soon as possible, otherwise it can be fatal. PRed infarction and angina pectoris, although not so dangerous, nevertheless also require urgent treatment, since they should serve as your first signal that something has gone wrong in the body and the functioning of the heart is impaired for some reason.

In our article we will talk about the symptoms of a pre-infarction condition, which everyone needs to know, because it is very important to notice signs of cardiac dysfunction in time. If you notice such symptoms in yourself, sound the alarm: your body may be in serious danger!

First of all, you must know exactly what a pre-infarction state is: This is a malfunction of a part of the heart muscle called the myocardium. Disruption of this muscle causes severe chest pain, which occurs due to decreased blood flow to the heart. Chest pain can occur frequently and in an acute form, and this is the main signal that your heart is in danger and requires immediate medical attention.

Symptoms of pre-infarction condition

Chest pain or heaviness, feeling unwell
Severe pain in the arms, neck, jaw, shoulders, or back
Nausea
Rapid fatigue, shortness of breath
Labored breathing
Worry, anxiety
The appearance of perspiration
Dizziness

People who have had a pre-heart attack describe it as a sudden heaviness in the chest, as if the chest was being squeezed tightly or something heavy was placed on it.

Symptoms of pre-infarction in women

In women, the symptoms of a pre-infarction condition may differ greatly from those described above, since they may not feel heaviness in the chest, but only unpleasant tingling, dizziness, difficulty breathing or abdominal pain, so in this case women can easily mistake these symptoms for signs of some other disease. This should never be allowed to happen, because medical care should be provided as soon as possible, and an erroneous diagnosis and self-medication can delay the necessary medical care and lead to very disastrous consequences.

What can a pre-infarction condition lead to?

In fact, the pre-infarction state in different casesmay vary in duration, severity and symptoms. Therefore, you need to be very aware of the possible symptoms and be extremely vigilant, because chest pain can be a sign of unstable angina, much more dangerous than regular angina.

The most important advice we can give you is: consult a doctor immediately if you notice any of the above symptoms. They should alert you and serve as a signal to you that your heart is not working properly, that there are some problems that can lead to serious and very serious consequences. Therefore, if you experience any symptoms that we described in our article above, do not hesitate to consult a doctor so that he can make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment as soon as possible before the disease begins to progress.

Treatment

Vasodilators (or vasodilators) are drugs that control blood pressure. dilate blood vessels and help improve blood circulation
If you have heart problems, you need to make drastic changes to your diet, include as many fruits, vegetables, grains, fish as possible, and also exclude all foods containing fats from your diet
In the case of heart disease, regular moderate physical activity, such as walking or cycling, is very beneficial. You can do these exercises regularly and they will greatly benefit your body because they will improve blood flow to your heart.

Remember

The pre-infarction state is also characterized by the fact that acute chest pain occurs during general body tension and subsides after a short rest. A heart attack can be identified by the following symptoms: it causes much more severe chest pain, can last more than 5 minutes and in this case the pain will not go away even if you lie down to rest.

In conclusion, it should be said that in no case should we forget that Preventing heart disease is easier than curing it: This is the best advice for those who want to always be healthy and full of vitality and energy. Therefore, it is important to conduct appropriate medical examinations from time to time in order to detect heart problems early and prevent them through immediate necessary treatment.

Pre-infarction: symptoms, first signs

The crazy pace of modern life does not always have a positive effect on health. Many people simply do not think about certain symptoms and ailments that may be alarm bells and an urgent need for medical intervention and hospitalization in order to preserve the life and functionality of the body.

One of these life-threatening conditions is the pre-infarction state of the body. To protect yourself and your loved ones, you need to be savvy in the prevention of this condition, its main symptoms and first aid to the patient. This is where the principle of knowledge is power comes into play. People who know the main symptoms preceding a heart attack are able to not only help, but also save lives by reacting in time and calling an ambulance. And how many lives could not be saved due to ignorance and stupidity, because in such a serious matter every second counts.

First of all, you need to put aside panic, collect your thoughts, arrange bed rest and comfortable rest conditions for the patient until the doctor arrives. Heart attack is described in the medical literature. as damage to the heart muscle with partial tissue death, due to impaired blood supply and blockage of the artery, and the formation of blood clots.

There are a great many reasons that can provoke a pre-infarction state:

bad habits such as smoking and drinking alcohol;
poor nutrition, which consists of eating foods rich in cholesterol, which in turn slowly kills the blood vessels of the human body, as it contributes to the formation of plaques on their walls.
people with diabetes are at risk;
excessive physical activity;
but the most important thing is the constant stress that accompanies a person, no matter where he is: conflicts with superiors, a tense atmosphere in the family, quarrels with friends. All diseases come from nerves, or rather from their unstable condition.

So how to recognize a pre-heart attack: symptoms, first signs. The first main symptom is rapid heartbeat or angina, attacks of which become more frequent over time, accompanied by acute pain in the chest area. Associated symptoms: pale skin, nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, dizziness and general weakness, expressed by loss of strength. The determining indicator is a decrease in the effect of nitroglycerin or its complete inaction.

A person himself is not able to distinguish a pre-infarction state from a heart attack; this can only be done by a specialist based on test results, a cardiogram and the collection of information during an examination. The saddest thing is that in some cases these symptoms may not be observed; people often suffer a micro-infarction without even knowing it.

If you have at least several symptoms from the above list, you should immediately call an ambulance. Doctors will install drips that thin the blood, slowing down its clotting, in order to remove fresh blood clots, thereby avoiding dangerous consequences such as blockage of blood vessels, impaired blood supply and death of parts of the heart.

Taking care of your health should always come first. The only organ in the human body that never rests, but always works to ensure the vital functions of the body, is the heart. Regular visits to a cardiologist several times a year for preventive examinations will eliminate possible problems and complications in the future. And following a therapeutic diet, limiting fatty foods and getting rid of bad habits will be the main assistant in strengthening the heart muscle.

Signs of a heart attack in a woman should alert her and force her to call an ambulance so that doctors can provide medical assistance in time.

Myocardial infarction is a terrible disease that doctors around the world have been struggling with for many years. It often leads to serious consequences - the death of a person.

In the Russian Federation, according to statistics, 65 thousand people, both elderly and young, die each year due to myocardial infarction. Myocardium is the name of the heart muscle, to which blood flows through the coronary arteries.

If a blood clot blocks one of the arteries, some part of the heart stops receiving oxygen. This state can last no more than 30 minutes. The main cause of cardiac myocardium is cardiac arrest.

In men, diseases of the cardiovascular system are observed 5 times more often than in women, who may first encounter them only during the period hormonal imbalances or menopause, with a lack of progesterone and estrogen in the body. The risk group includes the age category of representatives of the fairer sex from 45 to 50 years.

Women can prevent the onset of an attack of coronary artery disease if they carefully monitor their health. In them, the process of formation of blood clots and disruption of the blood supply to the heart occurs gradually.

The characteristic initial signs of a heart attack are quite simple to determine:

Snore. Periodic breathing disturbance occurs during sleep.
Dyspnea. It begins after heavy physical activity or strong emotional excitement.
Fatigue, weakness.
Poor intermittent sleep, anxiety.
Vomiting, nausea, discomfort in the stomach.
Manifestations of periodontal disease. Problems with gums, frequent bleeding.
In the evening or after waking up, swelling may occur in the lower extremities.
Frequent urge to urinate.

Naturally, these violations should cause concern. If such signs of a heart attack appear periodically in a woman, and after temporary relief they recur, you should urgently contact a specialist. The body cannot cope with the disease on its own.

Every year more and more people apply for medical care with problems associated with heart disease or circulatory disorders. These are women and men over 55 years of age with already advanced angina or in a pre-infarction state who have not previously been observed by a cardiologist. Delayed treatment often leads to such consequences.

Several reasons can trigger a heart attack:

Age-related changes in the vascular system. Loss of elasticity, the presence of blood clots, narrowing of the lumens, complicating the blood supply to the heart.
Decreased immunity.
Constant arrhythmia.
Atherosclerosis.
Hypertension.
Rheumatic carditis.
Too much physical, mental and emotional stress.
Wrong lifestyle, bad habits.

Coronary heart disease can also manifest itself under unfavorable environmental conditions, possible genetic predispositions or congenital pathologies.

There are additional reasons that not only lead to cardiovascular disorders, but also accelerate the process of their occurrence. There are increasingly cases where women are diagnosed with myocardial infarction already at the age of about 40 years.

Factors that lead to the risk of coronary artery disease:

sedentary lifestyle, sedentary work;
obesity;
infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci;
alcohol, drug addiction, smoking;
high or low cholesterol levels;
previous ischemia;
angina pectoris;
chronic kidney diseases.

To the above characteristics we can add the fact that most people do not go to medical institutions for examination on time. This increases mortality from myocardial infarction by 15% every year. Specialists have to cope not only with necrosis of cardiac tissue, but also with concomitant diseases. And one cannot count on a favorable treatment prognosis in this case.

Symptoms of heart attack in women and pregnant women

Heart attack symptoms in women are gradually becoming more frequent. And if the attack lasts more than 15 minutes and does not subside, it is necessary to call an emergency ambulance. The consequences and complications can be unpredictable, even death, because this is most likely a myocardial infarction.

Symptoms in women include the following:

sharp, sudden burning pain in the area of the heart, chest on the left, near the shoulder blades;
tingling of the arm up to the elbow and hand;
attack of heaviness in the stomach;
periodic numbness of the back of the head, turning into an unpleasant pain syndrome in the facial part and even in the teeth;
drop in blood pressure;
dizziness, loss of consciousness;
shortness of breath can be caused by any movement;
profuse secretion of sticky sweat;
slurred speech;
impaired coordination of movements;
panic attacks;
blurred vision;
rapid pulse;
surges in blood pressure.

This is how a heart attack manifests itself in women. All these signs indicate the gradual death of myocardial cells, insufficient supply of nutrients and oxygen to the heart, and disruption of proper blood circulation. In such cases, first aid must be provided before doctors arrive. If there is a strong lack of air, you need to open the window and loosen your clothes, choose the most comfortable position for the patient, and give Nitroglycerin and Aspirin. Be sure to maintain calm and silence all this time and do not panic.

The most wonderful period of every woman's life can be overshadowed by the onset of coronary heart disease. This is an uncommon occurrence, but after 40 years of age the likelihood increases during pregnancy. There may be various reasons for the occurrence of a disease such as myocardial infarction; the symptoms of women during pregnancy will be the same as those of an ordinary woman.

But there are many reasons for this:

emotional stress;
heredity;
arrhythmia;
increased blood clotting;
coronary embolism;
chronic or acquired disorders of the kidneys and heart.

Age should not be ruled out either. The vessels wear out, their walls become thinner and the load on the coronary arteries increases. During pregnancy, fetal pressure occurs on the lower limbs, which also disrupts proper blood circulation. Coronary artery disease can manifest itself in the form of shortness of breath, frequent urination, pain in the left side of the body, numbness in the arm, and tingling in the upper abdomen. Accompanied by dizziness and migraines. During sleep, temporary cessation of breathing and involuntary snoring often occur. If similar symptoms of a heart attack are observed in women, the patient is hospitalized for further examination, treatment and stay in the hospital.

Precursors of a heart attack in women and symptoms of a pre-infarction state

Precursors of a heart attack in women are all the signs of an approaching disease noted earlier in this article. They can be harbingers of other diseases, but their presence should at least alert a person and think about seeing a doctor.

Alarming symptoms of a pre-infarction state in women can be remote, gradually leading to a heart attack state. Early signs of a heart attack require immediate medical attention to provide the necessary emergency care. If this is not done, then a heart attack can overtake a person in a short period of time.

Having seen the symptoms of a pre-infarction condition in women, the very first thing is to call an emergency team, having first laid the person with a suspected myocardial infarction on the floor, slightly raising him. It is impossible to leave a person sitting on a chair - the heart will not be able to work normally under load.

It is necessary to help restore breathing - by unbuttoning the collar of clothing, loosening the belt. The flow of fresh air from the window will also help, but do not give the patient a cold.

Medicines. One tablet of Nitroglycerin and Aspirin. If the ambulance does not arrive in half an hour, repeat taking the medications.

If a person is in a state of panic, then let him take sedatives. If pain is felt, give the sick person an Analgin tablet. A person having a heart attack cannot be left unattended for a minute; you must be nearby and monitor his condition, breathing, and heart function.

If cardiac arrest occurs during a myocardial infarction, then at the very first moment it is necessary to begin resuscitation - applying short and strong pressure to the sternum, since it will no longer be possible to prevent a heart attack in women. We massage the heart in an indirect way, trying to restore breathing by moving air from mouth to mouth. First aid must be provided as quickly as possible, otherwise the consequences will become irreversible.

How to recognize a heart attack in women: early signs and prevention

How to recognize a heart attack in women in the early stages in order to provide her with the necessary help. There are special signs of the disease.

Pain during myocardial infarction in women in the shoulder joint, the pain radiates to the left side.
Heart failure caused by any reason.
There was a feeling that there was a hot, pressing object (like a brick) lying on the chest.
Dizziness occurs.
Movements become constrained.
Coordination is impaired.
Speech becomes confused, like a stroke.
Coherent speech turns into delusional speech.
Conscious activity ceases.
High blood pressure increases the risk of acute coronary artery disease and is often associated with heart attacks in women.
Frequent urination at night, along with other symptoms, may be a sign of heart failure.
Heart failure that occurs even after light exertion, a feeling of lack of oxygen.
Insomnia, the causes of which are not clear, is also a distant symptom of an impending illness.
Even mild pain in the heart area that does not stop over time, causing slight discomfort, is an alarming factor.

You should be alert to constant fatigue that continues for a long time, even after waking up from sleep, and does not go away after rest. It's even worse when the tired state turns into chronic form. Common dental periodontal disease, when the gums bleed and hurt, indicates poor local blood supply. Although distant, it is a definite sign of a distant heart attack.

Frequent swelling of the right or left leg, as well as feet, may occur due to cardiac dysfunction. Familiar to many, even young people, is an arrhythmic heartbeat, that is, a disruption of the artery that pumps blood to the heart.

Heart failure caused by shortness of breath and difficulty breathing. A signal that the heart is working with insufficient performance. If a cough occurs with shortness of breath, this means that pulmonary circulation is slowed down, and necrosis of a large area of the left ventricle may occur. Pulmonary edema is also possible.

A sharp feeling of mortal fear, incomprehensible to a healthy person, a premonition of impending troubles, sowing feelings of panic.

Sudden awakenings from sleep, after which a person feels sticky and cold sweat, signals the onset of the development of a serious pathological disease, possibly myocardial infarction.

Headache, often repeated, not only brings suffering, but may also indicate, along with other symptoms, an impending threat - myocardial infarction.

An unreasonable state of anxiety, severe anxiety, characteristic of women, should be alarming. It may indicate the onset of coronary insufficiency and be its first sign.

There are burning pains and painful sensations in the abdomen, shoulder blade, neck, etc. The pain is of a compressive nature. It can radiate to the teeth, ears, collarbones, and lower jaw.

You also need to pay attention to other symptoms of the disease that are characteristic of the female gender.

Stomach upset, characterized by attacks of vomiting and nausea, oddly enough, can also be a pre-infarction condition. If an upset stomach is also accompanied by severe pain that is difficult to bear, this is an alarming sign for any disease. And in women, the stomach diaphragm and digestive organs are located closer to the heart muscle than their location in men. Heart pain responds to the stomach, and strong spasms of a nervous nature arise in it.

Breathing problems that may stop for a short time. In this case, the heart stops receiving oxygen in the required amount, which leads to myocardial ischemia. Breathing disorder in the form of snoring is a sign of coronary artery disease, which leads to interruptions in the functioning of the heart muscle.

An unreasonable state of anxiety, severe restlessness, characteristic of women, should alarm her regardless of age. It may indicate the onset of coronary insufficiency and be its first sign.

Try to prevent myocardial infarction:

conduct physical training and play sports;
eat properly and rationally;
quit smoking and do not drink alcohol;
For prevention, the drug Entresto may be prescribed;
Get checked regularly by a cardiologist.

Since it is not always possible to recognize a heart attack in women on time, you should not delay diagnosis at the slightest discomfort in the chest area, especially with pain and accompanying symptoms.

In our article today:

It is a serious malfunction of the heart or, as it is also called, unstable angina. It is also classified as a separate disease - acute coronary syndrome. In this condition, a person is at risk of developing a heart attack if he does not receive prompt medical attention.

Let us consider in more detail the symptoms of a pre-infarction condition, the causes, as well as methods of treating this disease.

Pre-infarction condition: causes

The following factors contribute to the development of this condition in humans:

1. Severe psycho-emotional stress and stress.
2. Excessive physical fatigue.
3. Overheating in the sun.
4. Frequent consumption of alcoholic beverages.
5. Frequent smoking (including passive smoking).
6. Overdose of certain types of medications.
7. Hypothermia.
8. Obesity.
9. Progressive hypertension (hypertensive crisis).
10. Excessively intense sports training.
11. Increased levels of cholesterol in the blood, which clogs the blood vessels of the heart.
12. Acute or chronic heart failure.
13. Severe heart disease, which caused complications in the form of unstable angina.

Pre-infarction condition: symptoms and signs

Reveal this state in a sick person is not difficult, since it is almost always accompanied by the following characteristic signs:

1. A person suddenly develops a panicky fear of death. At the same time, his heart rate will increase, he will feel dizzy and his limbs will go numb. This condition is somewhat similar to a panic attack.

2. The patient may experience drowsiness or vice versa, which will be accompanied by anxiety and agitation. Also, nausea and fear of standing up (due to dizziness) usually occur.

3. There is a feeling of cutting pain in the chest area, which increases even more with physical activity. Usually the pain goes away after taking cardio. - drugs.

4. A person may have shortness of breath and a burning sensation in the pancreas area.

5. Sometimes cold sweat appears, sudden disruptions in the heart. In this case, the person can neither walk nor lie quietly.

It is important to know that in some cases the pain can radiate to the neck and shoulder area. At the same time, doctors often perceive this symptom like, wasting time.

Pre-heart attack syndrome is considered especially dangerous in adolescents, since their cardiovascular system does not yet work well enough. Moreover, there are documented cases of instant death during physical activity in those adolescents who long time suffered from heart failure, but it was not treated at all.

Pre-infarction condition: first aid and treatment

The main task of emergency care in a pre-infarction condition is to prevent the development of a heart attack and relieve acute pain.

Thus, in this state you should:

1. Place the person in a horizontal position on high pillows so that he is in a semi-sitting state.

2. Calm the patient and give him tincture or motherwort.

3. Open the window to make it easier to breathe. You also need to rid the patient of a tight tie, loosen a belt or replace a sweater with a tight neck.

4. It should be monitored that a person in this state does not get up and under no circumstances engage in physical activity, as this can give impetus to the development of an acute heart attack.

5. To prevent thrombosis, a person can be given the drug Heparin. It will not only have its anticoagulant effect, but will also reduce the severity of an angina attack. Moreover, this drug will improve lipid metabolism, which plays a very important role in the treatment of acute angina.

6. You can also give the patient one Nitroglycerin tablet. After taking it, a person may feel dizzy, but this is not dangerous, since this effect of the drug wears off quickly.

7. It is very important to periodically measure the patient’s blood pressure until the ambulance doctors arrive. With obvious tachycardia, you can give a person one tablet of Anaprilin.

In a pre-infarction state, stopping an angina attack alone will not be enough. The person must be hospitalized in the hospital, undergo examinations and prescribe treatment.

Pre-infarction condition: treatment methods

Immediately after hospitalization, the patient undergoes a cardiac cardiogram. After this, the doctor writes an individual treatment regimen. It is aimed at preventing the development of necrosis of the heart muscle (prevention of heart attack).

Traditional therapy includes the following:

1. Prescribing antispasmodics for chest pain.

2. Prescription of anticoagulants and beta blockers.

3. The patient must remain in bed and reduce the load on the heart as much as possible.

4. A therapeutic diet is indicated. It involves a complete abstinence from salty, fatty, fried and sweet foods. All dishes should be very light and easily digestible. It is advisable for a person to eat porridge, vegetable soups, cottage cheese and kefir.

5. The patient needs to constantly monitor heart and blood pressure indicators.

6. Prescription of antiarrhythmic drugs (Cordinorm).

7. A person must be prescribed calcium antagonists. They will help supply oxygen to the heart muscles. The best drugs in this group are Nifedipine and Corinfar.

If there is no clinical improvement in the patient's condition (with drug therapy), the patient is prescribed surgical treatment. Typically, a person undergoes coronary artery bypass surgery. It is important to perform such an operation no later than six hours after the first signs of pain appear. With this procedure, the development of myocardial infarction can be prevented.

Pre-infarction condition: treatment, prevention

To reduce the risk of developing a pre-infarction condition, you should adhere to the following recommendations from a cardiologist:

1. Control your weight and prevent obesity, since in this condition an even greater load is placed on the person’s heart. If you cannot lose extra pounds on your own, then you need to contact a nutritionist and gastroenterologist, who will prescribe an individual diet and a general weight loss program.

2. Avoid worries, nervous tension and stress. At the same time, it is worth learning to control your psycho-emotional state and remain collected even in critical situations.

3. Quit smoking and drinking alcohol, since apart from total harm to the body, these habits bring absolutely no benefit.

4. Avoid severe physical fatigue and hypothermia.

5. At least once a year, contact a cardiologist and conduct a preventive examination. Moreover, people over forty years of age are recommended to have their heart examined every six months.

6. It is very important to eat right. At the same time, the diet should be rich in fiber (mostly found in vegetables, herbs and fruits), vitamins, protein foods (fish, meat, eggs) and other useful substances. Moreover, you need to completely avoid eating fatty, fried foods, and also minimize the consumption of animal fats. This is justified by the fact that such dishes contribute to an increase in the level of cholesterol in the blood, which has a bad effect on the functioning of blood vessels.

7. Monitor laboratory blood parameters (if you have high cholesterol, follow a diet).

8. Be physically active. This does not mean that you need to squeeze out all the juices in the gym, but yoga, walking or regular swimming classes will be very useful.

9. If you have hypertension, you should constantly monitor your blood pressure and avoid sudden changes.

10. In case of chronic heart disease, you must take all prescribed medications. Also, in this state, you should maintain a special daily routine and follow a diet.

11. When the first signs of a pre-infarction condition appear, you should not panic and try to wait until the simple disease goes away. It is best not to put your health at risk and call a doctor immediately.