Vessel dilating tablets. Vasodilator pills and drugs

Peripheral vasodilators are drugs that can dilate small arteries and veins by affecting their muscle tone. One of the first representatives of this group was nitroglycerin, developed in the 19th century for the symptomatic treatment of angina pectoris. It is still used in clinical practice today. It is preferable to use vasodilators in patients with acute heart failure and overload of the pulmonary circulation. They play an important role in the treatment of persistent and refractory arterial hypertension.

When are vasodilators used?

The use of vasodilators causes a change in the main parameters of hemodynamics. When prescribing these substances, pre- and afterload on the heart are corrected, peripheral vascular resistance (OPVR) decreases, cardiac output increases, and the need for oxygen in the heart muscle decreases. The following indications for use are distinguished:

• sustained hypertensive crisis, not amenable to correction by other groups of drugs;
• acute heart attack;
• left ventricular failure, manifested as pulmonary edema or cardiac asthma;
• various forms of angina pectoris;
• worsening of chronic heart failure.

For these diseases, different forms of drugs are used. These are solutions for intravenous administration, sprays, sublingual tablets.

In some cases, peripheral vasodilators are capable of very sharply lowering blood pressure, so their uncontrolled prescription and use are unacceptable.

Classification

Despite the common mechanism of action, the points of application for vasodilators differ. This is the basis of their classification. Depending on the vessel that the drug acts on, there are 3 main groups.

Acting on venules:

• molsidomine;
• isosorbide dinitrate;
• nitroglycerine.

Affecting arterioles:

• phentolamine;
• hydralazine;
• dehydroperidine and non-dihydroperidine calcium antagonists.

Expanding venules and arterioles:

• prazosin;
• sodium nitroprusside.

Venous vasodilators reduce the return of venous blood to the right atrium, unload the pulmonary circulation, reduce myocardial oxygen demand, and promote antianginal action. With the expansion of arterioles, a decrease in the total peripheral vascular resistance occurs, and blood pressure normalizes.

The most serious side effect of the drugs is the development of severe hypotension, accompanied by an increase in the frequency of heart contractions.

List of drugs that act on arterioles or venules

Molsidomin effectively affects the smooth muscles of venules, thereby reducing their tone and venous return to the heart muscle. The drug promotes the expansion of coronary vessels and improves bypass (collateral) blood flow. As a result, myocardial oxygen demand decreases by 1/3. Indicated for the prevention or interruption of angina attacks, most often in addition to nitrates. Perhaps the appointment in the subacute period of heart attack and for patients with pulmonary hypertension. It is used for combined therapy of chronic heart failure (CHF).

Isosorbide dinitrate has a long antianginal, coronary dilating effect. Reduces preload, causes a redistribution of blood flow in the vessels supplying the heart in favor of ischemic areas. Increases resistance to physical exertion in people suffering from angina pectoris. A dosage form is often prescribed in the form of a spray under the trademarks Isoket, Cardiket, as well as a tablet variety of Nitrosorbide. Indications for use are various forms of coronary heart disease and CHF.

Nitroglycerine - the classic and most famous drug from the group of vasodilators. Reduces preload and afterload on the heart. A typical episode of angina pectoris stops within 1 minute after the use of the drug. It is convenient to use this substance in the form of a spray. Representatives are Nitromint and Nitrospray. They are used in the same situations as isosorbide or molsidomine. Headache is a side effect of the drug and develops due to the expansion of cerebral vessels. Taking the drug often causes a short-term decrease in blood pressure (BP), and therefore the horizontal position of patients is desirable.

Phentolamine due to its vasodilating action, it improves blood circulation in the skin, muscles and mucous membranes. Reduces blood pressure, especially effective in pheochromocytoma. Currently, this drug is not used in clinical practice.

Hydralazine lowers blood pressure by reducing the tone of arterioles, while stimulating an increase in cardiac output and heart rate. The indication for use is angina pectoris, but only in combination with other drugs, CHF. It was prescribed for eclampsia of pregnant women, to improve the blood flow of the renal and cerebral vessels. Also known as Apressin. In recent years, the drug has not been commercially available.

Calcium antagonists- drugs that reduce the resistance of peripheral and cardiac vessels, resulting in lowering blood pressure and having an antianginal effect. Well-known representatives are Amlodipine, Corinfar, Norvasc, Cordaflex, Diltiazem. They are rarely used in monotherapy, more often they are prescribed with drugs of other groups. Shown in the treatment of hypertension, especially combined with coronary artery disease (ischemic heart disease). With a sharp withdrawal of drugs, the course of the disease may worsen due to the development of vascular spasm caused by hypersensitivity to calcium.

This group includes vasodilators of direct action on the arteries and arterioles (arterial) and veins (mixed). Vasodilators reduce OPVR, while increasing heart rate and cardiac output. The vasodilating effect is accompanied by reflex activation of the SAS, an increase in plasma renin activity, and fluid retention.

Most often, drugs are used in emergency cases to reduce blood pressure and preload.

Keywords: vasodilators, arterial vasodilators, venous vasodilators, mixed vasodilators.

MECHANISM OF ACTION

Drugs that penetrate the smooth muscles of the vessels and reduce its tone are referred to as vasodilators of direct myotropic action or direct vasodilators. According to the mechanism of action, direct vasodilators differ from drugs that reduce vascular tone by blocking the pressor effects of various neurohumoral substances (α-blockers, β-blockers, ACE inhibitors, ATP receptor blockers). The mechanism of action of direct vasodilators does not differ from direct-acting myotropic antispasmodics (non-selective PDE inhibitors), however, the latter have a greater effect on the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, which leads to their predominant use in gastroenterology, rather than cardiology.

Vasodilators include arterial (hydralazine, diazoxide and minoxidil) and mixed vasodilators (sodium nitroprusside).

Arterial vasodilators lower the tone of the smooth muscles of the arteries and arterioles as a result of direct action on them; the tone of the venous vessels does not change. Due to the expansion of arterioles, total peripheral resistance, systemic blood pressure decrease, cardiac output, heart rate and force of myocardial contractions increase compensatory, which is accompanied by an increase in myocardial oxygen demand and can contribute to the appearance of symptoms of coronary insufficiency. Reflex sympathetic activation leads to an increase in renin secretion and activation of the RAAS. The drugs increase glomerular filtration and renal blood flow, but cause sodium and water retention. With long-term use, it is advisable to combine arterial vasodilators with diuretics and β-blockers, which prevents the development of most undesirable hemodynamic effects (Fig. 11.1).

Rice. 11.1. Effects of vasodilators and their interactions with diuretics and β-blockers (dashed line - antagonistic effects)

Mixed vasodilators act simultaneously on the smooth muscles of arterioles and veins, which is accompanied by a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance (afterload) and a decrease in venous return of blood to the heart (preload); to a lesser extent increase heart rate and renin activity.

CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUAL VASODILATORS

Hydralazine- arterial vasodilator; an increase in heart rate and the strength of myocardial contractions occur not only reflexively in response to a decrease in blood pressure, but also due to a direct cardiostimulating effect through β-adrenergic receptors. Taking the drug can lead to a significant increase in pressure in the pulmonary artery, which is not indifferent to patients with mitral heart disease and angina pectoris.

The oral bioavailability of hydralazine is 10-30%, which is associated with variability in the rate of acetylation in the liver. The maximum concentration in the blood is reached after 3-4 hours. The half-life is 2-3 hours. Pharmacological effects correlate well with the concentration of the drug in the blood. Excreted hydralazine mainly in the urine (86%). In the body, hydralazine undergoes biotransformation in the liver by acetylation by N-acetyltransferase. In this case, the daily dose of hydralazine in persons with slow acetylation should be 2-4 times less than in persons with fast acetylation. The administration of hydralazine to patients with a slow metabolic rate, without taking into account the acetylation phenotype, can lead to various serious side effects from the cardiovascular system, and with long-term use - to the so-called drug lupus erythematosus. Treatment of patients with "fast acetylators" with the usual doses of the drug may be ineffective.

Hydralazine, like other arterial vasodilators, is used in the treatment of hypertension only as an adjunct to the ineffectiveness of the main classes of antihypertensive drugs, usually in combination with other drugs. There is no evidence of their influence on long-term outcomes of hypertension. Can be used to treat hypertensive crises. Hydralazine is used in the treatment of hypertension in pregnant women.

The drug is prescribed orally, starting with 10-25 mg 2-4 times a day; after 2-4 days, the dose is increased until the hypotensive effect is achieved. The usual daily dose is 100-200 mg, the maximum allowable is 400 mg / day. In case of a hypertensive crisis, hydralazine is administered intravenously or intramuscularly at 10-20 mg, it can be re-administered after 2-6 hours. The hypotensive effect develops gradually even after intravenous administration.

Side effects: headache, tachycardia, redness of the face, swelling, deterioration in angina pectoris, lupus-like syndrome.

Hydralazine is contraindicated in systemic lupus erythematosus and other active autoimmune processes, with stomach ulcers, with pronounced atherosclerosis of the cerebral arteries, idiosyncrasy to it.

Diazoxide- arterial vasodilator, used only for the relief of hypertensive crises. Intravenous administration of the drug to patients with hypertension causes a rapid drop in blood pressure, an increase in cardiac output and tachycardia. Orthostatic hypotension does not develop. The maximum hypotensive effect occurs 2-5 minutes after intravenous administration of the drug and lasts 2-12 hours (average - 3 hours). The hypotensive effect depends on the dose of diazoxide. Diazoxide causes sodium and water retention in the body and has a direct antidiuretic effect. It is a strong uterine relaxant.

90% of the drug binds to plasma proteins, so intravenous administration should be rapid. About 60% of the drug is metabolized, the other part is excreted in the urine unchanged.

In hypertensive crises, the drug is administered quickly within 10-30 seconds at a dose of 75-300 mg. The maximum single dose of diazoxide is up to 600 mg. The infusion can be repeated up to 4 times a day.

Contraindicated in acute cerebrovascular accident, in the acute period of myocardial infarction.

Minoxidil- arterial vasodilator. As an antihypertensive agent, it is more effective than hydralazine. Its mechanism of action is the same as that of hydralazine. The drug is effective in severe hypertension, accompanied by renal failure. Just like hydralazine, minoxidil causes a compensatory increase in heart rate, cardiac output, fluid retention in the body. These effects

eliminated by the combined use of the drug with diuretics and β-blockers.

The pharmacokinetics of minoxidil is poorly understood. The half-life of the drug is 4 hours.

Minoxidil is prescribed orally at 1-2.5 mg 2 times a day, the dose is gradually increased.

Sodium nitroprusside- mixed vasodilator. The drug reduces peripheral resistance (action on arterioles) and increases venous capacity (action on veins), thus reducing post- and preload on the heart. The hypotensive effect of sodium nitroprusside may be accompanied by an increase in heart rate, but without an increase in cardiac output (unlike diazoxide). With a decrease in the contractile function of the left ventricle, sodium nitroprusside increases stroke volume and cardiac output, which justifies its use in heart failure and pulmonary edema. When treated with this drug, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration do not change, and renin secretion increases.

Sodium nitroprusside is prescribed only intravenously, since it does not have a hypotensive effect when taken orally. With intravenous administration, its hypotensive effect develops in the first 1-5 minutes and stops 10 minutes after the end of administration. Sodium nitroprusside (50 mg) before administration must be diluted in 500 or 250 ml of a 5% dextrose solution, the initial dose of the drug is 0.5-1.5 μg / kg-min, then it is increased by 5-10 μg / kg-min every 5 minutes to achieve the desired hemodynamic effect. The hypotensive effect directly correlates with the dose of the administered drug, which requires the simultaneous administration of blood pressure control. In case of renal insufficiency, the drug is prescribed with caution due to the possibility of accumulation in the blood of thiocyanides, metabolites of sodium nitroprusside.

Sodium nitroprusside is a drug for urgent therapy in cardiology: in hypertensive crises, dissecting aortic aneurysm, acute left ventricular failure. Contraindicated in coarctation of the aorta, arteriovenous shunts, increased intracranial pressure and glaucoma.

In modern medicine, for the drug therapy of hypertensive crises, chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system, drugs that reduce blood pressure are used. These drugs include vasodilators - vasodilators, which expand the lumen of blood vessels, thereby lowering blood pressure. These medicines are taken for headaches, dizziness, general weakness.

What are vasodilators

Vasodilating agents are drugs that cause relaxation of the muscular structure of the vessel, expanding its lumen. This lowers blood and venous pressure throughout the body. Tablets for vasodilatation include an extensive group of drugs that differ from each other by the mechanism of action on the muscular element of the vascular wall. The same group includes drugs for dilating cerebral vessels in strokes, ischemia.

Vasodilators

The appointment of vasodilators is indicated for patients in the treatment of disorders of the general and cerebral circulation, hypertension and other diseases of the heart and blood vessels (angina pectoris, atherosclerosis). Some vasodilators should be taken on an ongoing basis to maintain normal blood pressure, for example, Timolol, while others are prescribed only for the course or are used for first aid to the patient (Stugeron).

calcium antagonists

Medicines (for example, Cinnarizine) from the group of calcium antagonists are substances that block L-type calcium channels and slow calcium channel blockers. This is a group of pharmacological drugs that have the same mechanism of action, but differ in some properties, especially in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics. An indication for taking calcium antagonists, in addition to ischemia, is a violation of the heart rhythm.

Herbal preparations

To restore the vascular wall and blood pressure, natural plant-based medicines are used. On the pharmacological market, medicines based on extracts of periwinkle, hawthorn, motherwort and other plant components are widely represented. It is no less effective to use some homeopathic preparations made from natural raw materials for arterial spasms. Herbal tablets and tinctures have the following properties:

• expand the lumen of blood vessels;
• reduce the tone of the vascular wall;
• increase the permeability of the vascular endometrium;
• have antioxidant properties.

Vasodilating drugs

Vasodilator drugs affect the speed of blood flow and the force with which blood passes through the arteries and veins to tissues and organs. Drugs of this pharmacological group are widely used for drug therapy of hypertensive crises, chronic heart failure, atherosclerosis. Tablets for vasodilatation are also used in case of insufficient blood supply, blood filling of organs.

With hypertension

Currently, in chronic hypertension, with episodes of a sharp increase in blood pressure due to various reasons, the following drugs are used for drug therapy:

1. Dimecolin. The drug from the list of the group of ganglionic blockers is used for spasms of peripheral vessels, vegetovascular dystonia, ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. The drug is recommended to be used to stop attacks of a sharp increase in pressure, they have contraindications for use (hypotension). The cost of the drug varies from 80 to 145 rubles.
2. Camphonium. Drug, biostimulator of cardiac activity. It is used to treat persistent hypertension in the elderly. The main advantage of the drug is a small number of side effects with long-term use. The price of the drug is from 110 rubles.

For lower limbs

Vasodilator drugs for the lower extremities are used for chronic peripheral vascular diseases that cause trophism of cells and tissues of the lower extremities, such as endarteritis, Raynaud's syndrome, diabetic angiopathy, trophic ulcers, atherosclerosis. At the moment, in the complex pharmacological therapy of malnutrition of tissues caused by narrowing of the lumen of the vessels, the following drugs are used:

1. Dipyridamole. The drug is used to prevent thrombosis of deep veins, capillaries and arteries. An effective remedy against ischemia of the tissues of the lower extremities. It is one of the strongest drugs that affect the vascular wall. The cost of the drug starts from 80 rubles.
2. Curantyl. The drug is used for the prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular accident, the formation of blood clots in the lower extremities. In children, with the help of Curantyl, severe forms of DIC are treated. The price of the drug varies from 130 to 350 rubles, depending on the manufacturer.

With osteochondrosis

For the treatment of lack of blood circulation in osteochondrosis, the following vasodilating tablets are used:

1. Amlodipine. The drug is a mixture of 80% theophylline and 20% ethylenediamine. Bronchodilator, antispasmodic. It is used to stop bronchospasms, spasms of cerebral vessels and circulatory disorders in osteochondrosis of the cervical spine. The price of the drug is about 240 rubles per pack.
2. Pentoxifylline. The tool improves microcirculation, angioprotector. The mechanism of action is the inhibition of phosphodiesterase and the deposition (accumulation) of cyclic adenosine-monophosphoric acid in cells. At this moment, there is a decrease in the concentration of calcium molecules in the muscle element of the vascular wall and its relaxation. The drug is used to treat migraines, chronic headaches caused by the presence of osteochondrosis. The cost of the drug is from 200 to 450 rubles.
3. Cavinton. A medicine for vasodilation, from the group of selective blockers. It is used for neurological diseases of the brain, mental conditions associated with the pathology of the cervical spine. The medicine is effective for dizziness, the initial stages of glaucoma. The average price of a drug in pharmacies is 217 rubles.

For eyes

Vasodilator drugs for the capillaries and arteries of the eyes are used for diseases such as glaucoma, persistent elevated intraocular pressure, and circulatory disorders in the retina. For drug therapy of increased intraocular pressure and glaucoma, the following vasodilators are used:

1. Mirtilene forte. The medication in the form of drops or tablets is used to treat intraocular pressure. Contains a high concentration of active substances that help improve the functional state of the eyeball. Choose the form of the drug for use should be on the advice of a doctor. The cost of the drug in tablets is about 320 rubles, in drops about 400 rubles.
2. Lucentis (another name for Vizudin). A drug for the prevention and treatment of a disease such as macular degeneration of the retina in old age. The drug improves blood circulation in the microvessels of the eye, significantly improving tissue trophism and preventing their depletion. The price of the drug varies from 350 to 850 rubles.

For heart

For heart disease, the following drugs are currently widely used:

1. Nitroglycerine. A drug that dilates the coronary arteries of the heart. Used for coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis. In addition, nitroglycerin significantly reduces the volume of venous blood that returns to the heart. Effective in Raynaud's disease, chronic endarteritis, arthrosis. The cost of the drug is from 70 to 110 rubles.
2. Adalat. Refers to antihypertensive drugs with antianginal activity. The main component of Adalat belongs to calcium channel blockers, causes a decrease in the intracellular concentration of calcium molecules in smooth muscle cells of the vascular endothelium and cardiomyocytes. In addition, Adalat helps to reduce blood pressure in the pulmonary artery system, improves cerebral circulation. Long-term use of the drug provides an anti-atherogenic effect, prevents thrombosis. The average price of a drug is 270 rubles.

With diabetes

A person with a disease such as diabetes mellitus suffers from blockage of capillaries by blood cells that have been deformed and have lost their ability to pass through small vessels. In addition, glucose, which is contained in the blood in high concentration, reacts with substances located on the walls of blood vessels, forming plaques, which is why microcirculation is disturbed. Among the huge range of vasodilators for diabetes, the following are used:

1. Norvax. This drug belongs to slow calcium channel blockers. Channel blocking occurs due to the binding of calcium ions to dihydropyridine receptors. With a decrease in the entry of calcium ions into the cell, relaxation of the smooth muscle tissue of the vascular wall is observed and an antihypertensive effect develops. The cost of the drug varies from 270 to 560 rubles.
2. Nifedipine. The vasodilator dilates the coronary and peripheral vessels, significantly reduces myocardial oxygen demand. Unlike Verapamil, it does not have a depressant effect on the conduction system of the heart and has a weak antiarrhythmic effect. Significantly reduces vascular resistance, thereby greatly and quickly lowering blood pressure. The average cost of a medicine is 340 rubles.

During pregnancy

During pregnancy, many vasodilators are prohibited for use, due to the fact that they have a negative effect on the development of the fetus. To treat preeclampsia in pregnancy, an antiphospholipid symptom, doctors prescribe the following medications in small doses:

1. Nadolol. The drug has anti-ischemic activity and is used to treat coronary heart disease. In addition, it is effective in hypertensive crises in the early stages of its development. Nadolol is prescribed to treat irregular heart rhythms, migraine attacks, and to relieve symptoms of thyroid disease. The drug is used to stop eclampsia of pregnant women in the later stages and in childbirth. The cost of Nadolol is about 1500 rubles.
2. Pindolol. A drug from the group of non-selective beta-blockers is used for antianginal and antiarrhythmic effects in pregnant women with chronic heart disease. The cost of the drug is about 350 rubles per pack.

Video

Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Vasodilators are drugs that dilate blood vessels. Vasospasm leads to various disorders, difficulty in blood flow, and increased blood pressure.

Drugs with a vasodilatory effect relax the walls of blood vessels and normalize blood flow. There are several groups of such drugs. Their action is similar, but the mechanism is different, and they also act on different groups of vessels.

What is a vasodilator: classification

Vasodilating drugs reduce the tone of the vascular wall

Vasodilator drugs are indispensable for various cardiovascular diseases. No such tool can be considered universal. This is a fairly large group of drugs, where each variety affects certain vessels and organs. So, for example, it is necessary to separately select drugs to expand the lumen of the vessels of the eyes, heart, limbs, so that they act in a direction without affecting other vessels and arteries.

A vasodilator can act in three ways: the drug acts on the muscle tissue of the vessels, relaxing it, the drug reduces the tone of the vessels when exposed to the nerves in their walls, as well as the humoral mode of action, that is, through substances circulating in the blood.

Vasodilating drugs are used to improve blood flow, redistribute it, improve the nutrition of some organs and tissues that suffer from oxygen starvation, to reduce the load on the walls of blood vessels and lower blood pressure.

There are 4 groups of vasodilators:

1. The first group has a direct effect on the vascular muscles. These drugs appeared the very first in the group of vasodilators. These include the well-known No-shpa and Papaverine. These drugs relax the smooth muscles of the internal organs and the vessels themselves, have an analgesic effect.
2. The second group of drugs affects the nerve impulses going to the vessels, interrupt them, as a result, the vessels dilate. These drugs mostly affect the arterial vessels, since there are more nerve endings in them than in the venous walls.
3. The third group includes the so-called peripheral vasodilators. They act on small vessels and help normalize blood pressure.
4. The fourth group acts on the basis of a chemical agent that provokes the production of anti-spasm substances by the walls of blood vessels. That is, the action is close to natural. However, these drugs go through a series of reactions in the liver before they begin to work, which means that their use in the treatment of patients with liver disease is impractical.

Indications for use

The process of vasodilation is a normal physiological process, a reaction to physical activity or other external influences. But in some people, this process is disrupted, which especially often happens with age. This leads to various diseases and pathological conditions. It happens the other way around - some diseases lead to spasm and narrowing of the walls of blood vessels.

Indications for taking vasodilator drugs:

• Arterial hypertension. This is an increase in blood pressure, the cause of which in 90% of cases remains unknown. Bad habits, stress, hereditary predisposition, various chronic diseases can lead to this condition. Hypertension is often accompanied by vasospasm, the load on their walls increases significantly. Symptoms may be absent for a long time.
• Heart failure. With this disease, the functions of the heart muscle are partially impaired. It cannot pump blood in sufficient volume and provide oxygen to all organs and tissues. As a result, oxygen starvation occurs, which leads to various complications. Hypertension can lead to heart failure.
• Cerebral atherosclerosis. A severe disease that is accompanied by damage to the vessels of the brain. Depending on which vessels are affected, various symptoms occur: memory impairment, epilepsy, emotional instability, uncontrolled muscle work.
• Pulmonary hypertension. A disease accompanied by an increase in blood pressure in the pulmonary artery, which leads to pulmonary insufficiency. Pulmonary hypertension in most cases is fatal within six months.
• thrombosis and thromboembolism. With thrombosis, blood clots form in the lumen of blood vessels and arteries, thromboembolism is a blockage of the vessel lumen by a thrombus. The disease is dangerous because a blood clot can break off and stop an important artery.

Drug Overview

Any drug should be selected taking into account the individual characteristics of the organism, the diagnosis and the patient's condition. Each drug has certain side effects and affects different types of blood vessels and arteries, so the doctor selects the medicine individually and only after the diagnosis.

Often the treatment is carried out in a complex manner, several vasodilators of the same or different types of action can be prescribed at once:

• No-shpa. The drug belongs to antispasmodics, helps to relax smooth muscles. Contains drotaverine. It is prescribed for various spasms of the gastrointestinal tract, cholecystitis, headaches and some gynecological diseases.
• Glyophene. This drug has a vasodilating effect and is prescribed for cardiovascular diseases. Thanks to its antispasmodic action, it expands the lumen of blood vessels and stimulates the spinal cord. Indications include hypertension, peptic ulcer.
• Pentamine. The drug acts on the peripheral nervous system, relieving vasospasm. It is prescribed for renal colic, bronchial asthma, eclampsia, cerebral and pulmonary edema. Most often produced in the form of a solution for injection. However, the drug is not prescribed for renal and hepatic insufficiency, thrombophlebitis, suspected myocardial infarction.
• Vazobral. Combined drug that expands the lumen of blood vessels and improves blood supply to the brain. It is prescribed for chronic migraines, dizziness, problems with memory and concentration. Contraindications are pregnancy and lactation.
• Dibazol. A drug with a vasodilating effect, is prescribed for hypertensive crisis, intestinal colic, gastrointestinal vasospasm, diseases of the nervous system. The drug is often given by injection. Pain may be experienced at the injection site.
• Curantyl. The drug is intended for the treatment of disorders of cerebral circulation, for the prevention of thrombosis and thromboembolism. It is not prescribed for suspected myocardial infarction and low blood pressure.

Vasodilators are usually prescribed to children to improve cerebral circulation and stimulate brain activity. Some drugs are given to newborn babies immediately after birth. This is due to birth injuries and complications after caesarean section. In case of oxygen starvation and difficult delivery, the child is observed by a neurologist during the first 3 years of life and takes vasodilator drugs as a treatment or prophylaxis. Piracetam and Pantogam are usually prescribed in the form of tablets, a quarter or a half. The tablet must be crushed, dissolved in water and then given to the child.

At school age, Glycine and Vinpocetine can be prescribed to increase brain performance, improve concentration, attention and memory.

Vascular spasms in adolescence may be associated with hormonal changes.

Most medications are not recommended during pregnancy. This is especially true for the first trimester. Vasodilators are prescribed in the 2nd and 3rd trimester for placental insufficiency. This is a dangerous condition when the blood flow in the placenta deteriorates, it does not mature quickly enough, and the child suffers from oxygen starvation. This condition can occur due to chronic diseases, infections. If this increases blood pressure, there is a threat of termination of pregnancy.

More information about hypertension can be found in the video:

Placental insufficiency requires complex treatment, a pregnant woman is recommended rest, proper nutrition, multivitamins. An important part of the treatment are vasodilators. During pregnancy, No-shpa, Trental is prescribed, which, in addition to the vasodilating effect, improves blood microcirculation in the capillaries.

All drugs are prescribed by a doctor in strict dosages, which are not recommended to be exceeded. During treatment, the condition of the woman is constantly monitored. Often this treatment is carried out in a hospital.

They are a group of various drugs that have one but essential feature - they dilate blood vessels. When prescribed, therapies are used to redistribute the volume of blood in the human body.

Also, these drugs help speed up the recovery process and improve the nutrition of damaged organs and tissues. In addition, one of these drugs may be prescribed if necessary to reduce blood pressure exerted on the vascular walls.

Mechanism of action

• Vasodilating action is a natural physiologically determined reaction of the vessels of the human body to various influences.
• Arteries, veins and capillaries can, if necessary, narrow or expand, as a result of which their cross section increases, which means that the volume of blood pumped through them also increases. In this case, the vessels can expand both locally, that is, only in one part of the body, as well as throughout the body.
• In the kidneys and also in the retina for example, microcirculation is developed. In other words, an extensive network of tiny arteries, as well as arterioles, and large arteries and veins. The expansion of all this leads to a rapid decrease in blood pressure, as well as saturation with nutrients through greater blood flow.
• Absolutely excellent mechanisms of action are responsible for regulating the expansion of the vessels of the cardiovascular system, as well as the skin, tissues and organs. This is especially true of the limbs.
• Vasodilation also plays an extremely important role in body thermoregulation. When the air temperature rises, the blood vessels expand. Thus, the body does not overheat and heat stroke does not occur.
• When the temperature drops the vessels, on the contrary, narrow, as a result of which the body loses less heat, which is necessary for normal operation.

In addition to physical factors, such as exposure to sunlight, the vasodilatory effect can be obtained in the following ways:

• mechanical action (such is a special massage or rubbing);
• physiologically, during strong physical exertion (that is, during sports), after eating or active mental work;
• with any inflammatory process occurring inside;
• a chemical substance that enters the body (that is, with the help of drugs).

During treatment, the effect can be caused artificially with the help of a group of special pharmacological drugs or special non-traditional medicines.

Classification

All drugs whose pharmacological properties are provoking vasodilation are divided into groups:

1. vasodilators;
2. calcium antagonists;
3. preparations containing herbal extracts.

Separately, it is necessary to allocate funds offered by traditional medicine. Such agents can be used to achieve the desired effect simultaneously with pharmacological preparations. In addition, folk remedies can be used as a prevention of impaired blood flow to the brain.

However, you should not take such funds thoughtlessly, you must first consult with a specialist.

As the practice of use shows, they are effective not only in case of impaired blood flow, but to improve the functioning of the brain and its longevity (the smooth operation of this organ largely depends on the intensity of blood circulation).

The list of varieties of vasodilating drugs includes the following varieties:

• peripheral vasodilators;
• myotropic vasodilators;
• venous vasodilators;
• direct vasodilators;
• cerebral vasodilators;
• arterial vasodilators;
• vasodilators for renal hypertension.

Indications for use

The need to take medications that dilate blood vessels may arise in the following cases:

Drugs that dilate arteries, veins and capillaries, designed to act specifically on the circulatory system of the brain, are represented by adrenergic blockers, calcium channel blockers and special drugs designed to improve blood circulation in the brain.

Special preparations are of the greatest importance in the treatment of problems with the circulation of the most important organ.

List of drugs

The list of remedies that can help improve blood circulation by dilating blood vessels includes:

• Apressin,which belongs to the group of vasodilators, reduces the resistance of the walls of resistant vessels (their name is arterioles), as a result of which the level of pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries decreases. Also, taking the medicine can relieve the load on the myocardium, and also increases cardiac output.

  The effects of apressin include reflex activation of the sympathetic nervous system, as a result of which cardiac output increases, and tachycardia is also caused (very fast heartbeat). The latter can in some cases lead to increased angina pectoris. So it is necessary to take this drug without fail after consulting a doctor.

• molsidomine. When it is taken, there is a decrease in the tone of peripheral vessels (they are called venules), and also reduces the volume of venous blood sent to the heart. Under the influence of the drug, blood pressure on the walls of the pulmonary artery decreases, as well as the filling of the left ventricle of the heart with blood decreases and the tension of the walls of the heart muscle decreases.
  The drug reduces adhesion of platelets to each other (such clots often clog small vessels) and improves collateral blood flow, which bypasses the affected artery.
• Sodium nitroprusside is a highly effective drug. Expands arterioles, as well as some veins. When it enters the body through the veins, the effect is achieved very quickly, however, it is relatively short-lived.
  Thus, it reduces the load on the heart. Apply sodium nitroprusside in the appointment of complex therapy in case of acute heart failure.
• No-shpa, which relieves spasm and is able to relieve pain and improve blood circulation;
• Glycine, which expands the vessels of the brain, thus improving its nutrition. Taking this drug helps improve thinking and remembering new information.
• Nitroglycerine, which has the ability to weaken the smooth muscles of the walls of blood vessels. The coronary arteries are the most susceptible to this effect.
  When exposed to active ingredients means there is a decrease in the volume of venous blood that returns to the heart (this reduces the load on this organ), the contraction of the heart muscle is activated and, at the same time, reduces the need for heart tissues in much-needed oxygen.
• Piracetam, which has been known for more than half a century and still has not lost its relevance in the treatment of diseases of the vascular systems. It belongs to the group of nootropic drugs that have an antihypoxic effect on the human body.
  The main impact is on brain tissue. At the same time, the well-being of a person, as well as the work of his most important organ, improves markedly.
  Issued this medicinal product in the form of solutions intended for injection and in the form of tablets for oral administration.
  Injections allow to achieve the fastest result, however, as in all other cases, this method of supplying active substances to the body is fraught with certain difficulties.
• Pentoxifylline, which helps to improve tissue nutrition and blood microcirculation in the vessels of the brain by expanding them. It is produced both in the form of tablets and in the form of concentrated solutions in ampoules. When it enters the body, platelet aggregation decreases.

  Such a remedy is taken without fail as prescribed and under the supervision of a physician. The fact is that platelets are extremely important for our body. With their insufficient amount, blood clotting is significantly reduced and bleeding may occur. Internal bleeding is especially dangerous, if only because they can be detected late.

• calcium antagonists. The already mentioned drugs from this group are quite often used to reduce the tone of the blood vessels of the brain, include Nimodipine and Cinnarizine. Such drugs block slow calcium channels located in smooth myocytes of the arteries.
  Thus, there is an expansion arterial line. However, with all this, blockers have almost no effect on blood vessels, they pump venous blood, resulting in an increased flow of oxygenated arterial blood to the brain tissues. So locally improved metabolic processes.
  These drugs are often prescribed to people who were diagnosed with atherosclerosis. If we talk about Cinnarizine, then in addition to the vasodilating effect, this drug also has a nootropic effect. So taking the drug can improve brain function.
  The drug is available in the form of a tablet. to. Before you start taking them, you should definitely consult with a specialist, since the risk of developing rather dangerous side effects for health is very high.
• Papaverine, refers to the list of myotropic antispasmodics. At the same time, it can be prescribed not only if it is necessary to expand the cerebral vessels, but also to relieve tension in the smooth muscles of the internal organs.
  Produced by pharmacological companies in the form of solutions in ampoules and tablets. Each ampoule and tablet may have a different concentration of the active substance. So you need to choose the right dosage. Here you will find more detailed information about drugs.

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