Breeding crayfish in the basement - for yourself and for sale. Crayfish breeding as an idea for your own business Crayfish breeding business

In the current economic conditions, a novice entrepreneur has every chance for a successful start of his own business. It is important to correctly prioritize and choose the scope of your efforts.

It is worth taking a closer look at such a type of business as crayfish breeding - a very interesting direction. According to static data, there is an increase in the consumption of this product, while the supply remains limited.

prospects

The bulk of arthropods on the market is caught from natural reservoirs, which leads to a significant decrease in their population. Industrial breeding of crayfish in our country is extremely poorly developed.

Thus, the competition in this segment is relatively low. The growth trend in demand for this type of product remains unchanged, which contributes to maintaining prices at a fairly high level.

Like any business, breeding crayfish will require an initial investment, the amount of which is determined by the scale of the plans. Before making a responsible decision to open a business, the technology, experience of organizing business at other enterprises and other issues are studied.

After a comprehensive analysis of their capabilities and preliminary calculations, a final decision is made and a plan of preparatory measures is drawn up.

Video - video of Sevan Crayfish LLC, which supplies live crayfish in Krasnodar:

Business plan preparation

The middle lane and the southern regions of our country are a natural habitat for crayfish, the cultivation of which is also possible in artificial conditions.

The habitat of arthropods are reservoirs with fairly clean water, rocky bottom and sandy shores.

Cultivation of crustaceans is carried out:

• in natural ponds, lakes or rivers;
• in reservoirs of artificial origin;
• in specially equipped aquariums.

Each of the options listed above has a number of features and will require different costs to start the project.

The easiest option is the first, where the initial investment will be minimal, however, and the profits are much smaller. The explanation for this is quite simple: for the correct and rapid development of crayfish, special environmental conditions will be required. The temperature drops in winter and water bodies freeze, while the optimum temperature for this process is about +16 C.

The best conditions for breeding crayfish can be created in aquariums, but the latter have serious volume limitations. This option will require the highest costs for the purchase of a whole range of equipment, the lease of premises of a sufficiently large area equipped with a heating system.

Medium in terms of cost - an artificial reservoir for breeding crayfish, located near the river.

In addition to the pond, young growth or larvae, feed, equipment and materials will be required. An entrepreneur starting this type of business does not have to count on a quick return on investment.

Practice and statistics show that the return on investment occurs approximately 5-7 years from the start of the project and reaching the planned level of production.

Organizing a crayfish farm

The first step is to attend to the registration of a newly created enterprise. One of the most common legal forms of business organization in our country is. The easiest way to create an enterprise is to contact a law firm, where a package of necessary documents will be prepared for a relatively small fee.

The field of activity in accordance with the legal framework of OKVED has the code 0.121 - breeding and sale of crustaceans, fish and mollusks. When organizing an LLC, the authorized capital of the enterprise is contributed, the minimum amount is 10 thousand rubles. The created company is registered in the tax office and in all off-budget funds. After that, you can start business activities.

The next step is the selection of a suitable reservoir for breeding crayfish and its improvement. This is a responsible process that determines the success of the entire enterprise; the main thing depends on the quality of the implementation of this stage, whether favorable conditions for the life and reproduction of arthropods will be created.

Experts recommend: to cover the bottom of the pond with a special polymer film, which reliably isolates the reservoir from the ingress of harmful substances from the soil into it. The material has high strength and will last at least 25 years if properly installed.

The next step in the organization of the farm will be the acquisition of the necessary equipment for breeding crayfish. The complete set includes:

Experienced entrepreneurs arrange a system of three or more reservoirs that communicate with each other. This contributes to an increase in the production of crustaceans and better selection of species. To reduce the impact of the external environment over the reservoirs, an overlap is arranged by the type of polycarbonate greenhouses.

As the reservoirs are ready, larvae or young crustaceans are purchased, as well as feed in estimated quantities. The best implementation of the preparatory measures will create the best conditions for the start, and subsequently the development of the business.

Where to buy crayfish for breeding

The current practice in our country involves certain difficulties in acquiring the necessary amount of living material for settling water bodies.

Existing farms are extremely reluctant to sell larvae or young. The way out may be the acquisition of adults based on the ratio of two females to one male. Mating of crustaceans takes place in autumn; a fertilized female can be easily identified by the presence of eggs in a special bag under the tail.

The climatic conditions of the middle zone are quite acceptable for different types of arthropods. One of the promising species is the Australian red claw crayfish, the breeding of which can bring a good income.

The meat of this arthropod species is similar in taste and structure to sea lobsters, one of the most expensive delicacies. In our country, there is experience of successful breeding of these crustaceans on a specialized farm near Astrakhan.

Video - experiments on growing Australian crayfish near Astrakhan:

The most accessible species of arthropods in our country are common crayfish. Their purchase is possible even in the supermarket, the main thing is that they are alive and healthy.

For an accurate answer to the question of where to buy crayfish for breeding, you should carefully study the offers from working and developing farms.

Recently, crayfish holding farms have been developing near large cities, which buy crayfish in other regions and supply them to retail chains and restaurants.

Video report from a farm near St. Petersburg, which supplies crayfish from various regions of Russia and abroad:

Breeding technology

In the pond

In this section, we are talking about an artificial reservoir, which needs careful preparation before starting the livestock. In addition to preparing the bottom, a number of operations are performed:

• A protective edge is constructed around the pond and a drainage drain is made on its outer side. This is necessary to prevent rain runoff and debris from entering the pond.
• Trees are planted along the banks, one of the best species is the weeping willow, which will create shade.
• It is necessary to provide different depths of the pond: near the shore - about 0.4 m in the middle up to 3 m.

The maximum allowable number of adult crayfish per square meter of pond area should not exceed 5 units. Before the settling of the descent reservoir, it is filled, after which the water is given time to settle for a period of at least two weeks, and preferably one month.

Upon the readiness of the reservoir, instrumental monitoring of water quality for nitrate content is carried out; for arthropods, exceeding the maximum allowable doses is detrimental.

With proper arrangement of the pond, crayfish do not need additional feeding, there is enough plankton, algae or larvae in the water.

To accelerate the growth of individuals, vegetable trimmings, compound feed, meat and fish waste, as well as cereals soaked in water are carried out. Feeding is carried out using special bottom devices that are removed from the water after a certain time.

This avoids contamination of the pond water, which can have a detrimental effect on the livestock and lead to the death of part of it. Strict adherence to the recommendations of specialists and the use of a full range of equipment to maintain optimal conditions for the life of crayfish will quickly achieve good performance.

In special aquariums

In artificially created environmental conditions, it is quite possible to achieve year-round growth of arthropods. For their maintenance, tanks of a special design with a capacity of at least 250 liters are required.

The bottom of the tank is covered with sand mixed with stones, snags are laid on them, which serve as natural shelters for crayfish during the period of gestation and laying eggs.

Crustaceans are extremely sensitive to water quality, the aquariums used must meet very stringent requirements. First, the possibility of contact of water with the frame metal should be excluded. Secondly, the tank must be equipped with a water supply system from the bottom. Thirdly, the installation of water filtration, aeration and oxidation systems will be required.

Two weeks before settling, the aquariums are filled with water and plants are planted in the ground. After that, crayfish are lowered into the tank at the rate of one individual should be at least 5 liters of water.

The technology of breeding crayfish in artificial conditions provides for the maintenance of decorative rocks such as Cuban blue. They are a great decoration for a home aquarium, but before you start, you need to take care of a little marketing research. An agreement with large pet stores will facilitate the accelerated sale of grown products.

At home

This type of business on a relatively small scale can be done at home. To organize such a business, the technology of home breeding of crayfish in pools or aquariums is best suited.

Each of the proposed options has its own specifics and will require the investment of certain amounts to purchase everything necessary and carry out a number of construction works.

The organization of breeding arthropods in aquariums is described above and there is no point in repeating. Let us dwell on the technology of growing crayfish in specially equipped pools in a country house or on a site near a country house.

At the stage of preliminary preparation, it is necessary to assess the possibilities of the land plot for the placement of an artificial reservoir with an area of ​​at least 30 square meters. m and the performance of the water source.

For home breeding of crayfish, you will need not the usual rectangular pool with a flat bottom and vertical walls, but a reservoir with slightly different parameters.

Requirements for an artificial pond:

• The most rational form is a circle or an oval with a diameter of 6 to 10 m, the bottom should look like a bowl with a maximum depth of 1.5-2 m in its center.
• The bottom must be lined with a special film.
• The pool is equipped with all systems that provide circulation, purification and saturation of water with oxygen.
• A drainage system is being installed along the shore of the pool to drain stormwater.
• Devices are installed around the artificial reservoir to ensure shading of coastal areas

Such a pool for breeding crayfish can also be dug manually on your own or with the involvement of professional excavators. The amount of work is quite significant, but quite feasible.

The bottom of the pool is covered with river sand and stones and driftwood are scattered over it. Among other things, the necessary equipment is installed. The presence of overlapping and water heating systems in winter will increase the productivity of the pond.

Crustaceans in artificially created conditions grow and multiply faster. This is explained quite simply: arthropods do not hibernate and the process of reproduction of offspring is greatly accelerated.

The presence of several ponds, at least three, and preferably four five - on one site makes it possible to increase the yield of finished products.

Breeding crayfish in a country house will help you gain invaluable experience and get acquainted with the technology.

Organizing a crayfish farm at home is usually only the first step in starting a farm. Having tested the technologies and methods of growing gourmet products in relatively small volumes, and having gained the necessary experience, it will be possible to think about expanding the business. Such a business approach will help to avoid significant losses in future endeavors.

The article intentionally did not give examples, in different regions they can vary greatly.

The main thing is that crayfish breeding as a business is a rather promising business, promising a high level of profitability. When organizing and preparing a project for launch, it is important to carefully and responsibly treat the recommendations of specialists.

Video - how crayfish are bred in Louisiana:

We will tell you how to feed crayfish at home, in what ways they can be bred and how much you can actually earn from it. Find out what equipment you need for this.

Crayfish breeding for sale is a promising line of business, since this area of ​​\u200b\u200bactivity is not very common among entrepreneurs.

Low popularity is associated with a long payback period for investments, and therefore not every businessman is ready to invest time and money in breeding crayfish. However, novice businessmen looking for a promising idea should take a closer look at crayfish breeding - in the future this activity can bring solid dividends.

Breeding crayfish at home for sale - how justified is this

Crayfish breeding will become a stable source of income only with the competent organization of the production process. The peculiarities of the business idea should be taken into account: there are several breeding methods, special equipment will be needed and the cost of creating a comfortable environment for the reproduction of crustaceans.

Be sure to calculate how much money it will take to organize a business, purchase materials, feed and adults. Consider the cost of time - you need to take care of crayfish, like any other animal, although they require incomparably less attention than, say, poultry.

You will need a business plan, which, in addition to direct financial costs, will indicate the costs of marketing and sales markets.

The activity of breeding crayfish belongs to the farm, therefore it is most advantageous to draw up an IP and choose a single agricultural tax (ESHN) as a taxation system.

Advantages and disadvantages of such a business

Breeding crayfish for the purpose of subsequent sale is characterized by certain advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages:

• low competition in the business market segment;
• the possibility of expanding the client base due to the unemployment of the field of activity;
• popularity of the product among the population;
• relatively low labor costs;
• high profitability of the business process.

Due to low competition and niche vacancy, there is a chance to quickly build up a permanent client base, which will bring tangible income with optimal investments.

Flaws:

• a large amount of initial costs to create an optimal habitat;
• seasonality of the production process, since crayfish breed from May to October;
• long payback period due to the slowdown in the growth of fry in the winter;
• receipt of revenue only for the 2nd year of the implementation of the business idea.

The main disadvantage is that at the initial stage, serious costs are needed, and their return with subsequent receipt of proceeds will take at least a year. This minus is covered by the fact that in the future material costs are reduced, and the rate of profit increases.

Important! Initial costs depend on the volume of production and the method of breeding crayfish.

Crayfish breeding methods

Let's consider them in detail.

In the basement

The method consists in installing special equipment in the basement, where an optimal microclimate is created and maintained. Breeding in this way is characterized by a serious advantage - individuals do not hibernate and continue to grow.

To create a microclimate, you need to maintain the temperature in the basement at least 7 degrees, and also create artificial lighting in the center of the room. In addition, it must necessarily have air ventilation, since water evaporation can lead to the formation of fungus or mold.

In aquarium

The essence of this method is obvious - crayfish are bred in aquariums. In this case, the containers must be at least 250 liters. The disadvantage of this method is the limitation on the territory, and therefore it will not be easy to reach a serious level of production.

The advantage of the method is that in the aquarium, crayfish, as well as in the basement, will not fall into hibernation. To do this, it is necessary to maintain the water temperature at 20C and provide the crayfish with filtration of their habitat and access to oxygen.

In the pond

A method for those who have a site for arranging a reservoir, which requires quite serious financial investments. The advantage of an open pond is the minimum cost of its maintenance and the availability of a natural food base, and the disadvantage is that the crayfish hibernate in winter and the minimum increase in their mass.

Choose a method based on specific conditions - the availability of a site, a room for installing equipment, and a budget.

How to feed crayfish at home

In ponds, the food base is created naturally, and in this case it is only necessary to feed the growing individuals.

If you breed at home, you need to periodically replenish food supplies, which may consist of:

• food of plant origin (cereals, algae, vegetables, tree leaves, bread, etc.);
• food of animal origin (chopped meat, minced meat, fish, insect larvae and adults, earthworms, mollusks, fry, tadpoles, etc.).

With small production volumes, it is possible to independently harvest the forage base, but it will be difficult to do this in the industrial production of products. The way out of this situation is to use ready-made combined feeds intended for growing fish.

The daily feeding rate is calculated as follows:

• for individuals grown for sale - 2% of body weight;
• for females preparing for laying - 5-6% of body weight.

For less pollution of the habitat, it is advisable to use special feeders, which are lattice cells.

How to breed crayfish for sale - step by step instructions

Running a successful business involves not only growing, but also breeding, which requires more concentration and attention.

We bring to your attention a step-by-step instruction for breeding crayfish.

Step 1. We create conditions for breeding

First you need to purchase and install special equipment or create a natural reservoir in the open air. Decide how much production you plan to receive for a certain period, and in accordance with this, calculate the necessary material costs.

The tanks are equipped with soil, snags, shelters, algae, as well as equipment for creating a microclimate - an air compressor, a water filter, a heater, a lighting device.

Step 2. We buy feed and additional equipment

At the second stage, decide on the food base - decide whether you will cook it yourself or buy it ready-made. With a small number of crayfish, it makes no sense to purchase large volumes.

In addition to feed, buy additional equipment needed for cleaning tanks, rearing young animals and catching crayfish.

Step 3. Choose the right type of crayfish

When all conditions are created, it is the turn to purchase the first batch for subsequent breeding. Individuals should not be taken from a natural reservoir, as they grow too long, while those sold specifically for breeding develop much faster.

There are various types of crayfish, for example, blue Cuban, marble, Australian, but the most popular European river. It is he, unlike his fellows, that is characterized by unpretentious care and ease of cultivation.

Step 4. We create conditions for reproduction

For breeding, purchase males and females in a ratio of 1/1 or 1/2, while keeping in mind that their mating period lasts from May to October. Fertilized females, sticking eggs to the tail, should be deposited in a separate container, where after 2 months the larvae will appear.

The female lays up to 500 eggs, but many of them die in the natural environment, and about 50 individuals remain. At home, this figure is much higher - up to 90% of the larvae are preserved, provided that the female is transplanted before and after laying, since the crayfish eat their fry.

Step 5. We are looking for ways to implement

With a successful business, you should conclude an agreement for the supply of products to restaurants, shops, pubs or saunas. You can sell not only adults, but also caviar, which is highly valued due to its excellent taste.

What equipment will be needed

For effective breeding, the following equipment is required:

1. Aquarium not less than 250 l (capacity up to 50 individuals). It is best to purchase about 10 aquariums so that the growing business is more efficient and profitable.
2. Compressor for mixing water.
3. Water filter from waste products and unsuitable food residues.
4. Oxidator to aerate water and saturate it with oxygen.
5. Recycling sediment for pumping water or draining the aquarium.
6. Oximeter to measure the percentage of oxygen dissolved in water.
7. salt meter for measuring water hardness parameters.
8. Thermometer.
9. Conductometer to measure the level of water pollution.
10. heating device necessary in winter to maintain the optimum temperature.
11. lighting device if you plan to breed crayfish in the basement of the house.

This list includes devices and equipment, without which the process will be impossible.

How much can you earn

Let's calculate the amount of revenue for breeding a house for 1.5 years:

• in the presence of 5 aquariums, up to 250 individuals can be grown, each of which will weigh approximately 80 grams (average size);
• a total of 20 kg of weight will be obtained;
• if 1 kg costs 1,500 rubles, then upon sale you will receive 30,000 rubles.

This amount will be received after 1.5 years of cultivation, and at the same time it is necessary to spend money on feed and equipment maintenance.

The full payback of the resources spent will occur in about 4-5 years, depending on the scale of the business, and therefore it is necessary to decide whether you are ready to withdraw money from your budget for such a period.

To make a competent decision, draw up a business plan that will reflect the following points:

1. What equipment to buy and how much money to spend.
2. What volume of production is planned to be produced.
3. How much money will be required for cultivation.
4. To whom to sell products.
5. What will be the cost of shipping to customers.

It is important to reflect the costs in monetary terms in order to clearly understand how much money needs to be used at the initial stage. In addition, the estimated sales revenue should be determined.

Remember

1. The full payback of the business is about 5 years.
2. To achieve success, study information on the arrangement of the habitat, the rules of reproduction and rearing of young individuals.
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At present, there is not much competition in the crayfish breeding industry on the territory of the Russian Federation. Despite the large consumer demand for crustaceans, not many business entities are willing to engage in their breeding. This is most likely due to the lack of payback at the initial stage, as well as the inability to get too much profit. Despite this, for people who do not plan to breed crayfish on an industrial scale, this business line can be very interesting, low-cost and profitable. Homeowners may well.

How to grow crayfish at home?

Before you start breeding crayfish at home, every aspiring entrepreneur must weigh the pros and cons. The following factors testify to the benefits of this business area:

• small start-up capital is required to open a business;
• in the process of work, the entrepreneur will not need large investments;
• there is no need to constantly monitor and control the process of vital activity of crustaceans;
• when selling crayfish, entrepreneurs, as a rule, do not have problems, since these products are always in consumer demand;
• many people position shellfish farms as an environmentally friendly type of business, so interest in it is not lost, especially among the category of the population that monitors its health and uses only safe and high-quality products for food.

Despite the apparent advantages of the cancer business, aspiring entrepreneurs should also be aware of its disadvantages:

• starting investments begin to pay off after 3-4 years;
• after starting a business, entrepreneurs will be able to transfer crustaceans for sale no earlier than 3 years later.

Although crayfish belong to the category of specific products, they are always in demand, so budding entrepreneurs, especially those who have the conditions for breeding them, should try their hand at this business line.

Crayfish breeding equipment - price

Among Russian citizens who are already engaged in the cancer business, the following breeding options are popular:

• in natural or artificial reservoirs (also requires such conditions);
• in basements;
• in pools;
• in aquariums;
• in special installations in which there is a closed water supply (the price of such containers may vary depending on their quality and size, but on average, entrepreneurs will have to spend up to $ 1,200 to purchase polypropylene pools).

To breed crayfish at home, novice entrepreneurs most often use special equipment that needs to be installed in well-heated rooms. In order for crustaceans to develop rapidly and actively multiply, it is necessary to maintain a favorable temperature for them, which should not fall below 15 degrees. Before populating crayfish, people should prepare three large containers (they can be made of either plexiglass or food grade plastic). At the bottom of such containers (the price can reach $ 400 per 1 piece), a layer of stones, clay and river sand should be laid out, thanks to which the crustaceans will be provided with living conditions close to natural. The thickness of such a bottom should be such that crayfish can dig holes for themselves.

Everyone knows that crayfish can only live in clean water. That is why novice entrepreneurs should install filters in containers (it is not recommended to manually clean the walls from plaque, as you can inadvertently injure or destroy young livestock). Also, people should purchase such devices that will help in the care, capture and transportation of crayfish to the places of sale:

• special feed;
• oximeter with oxygen generator;
• devices for catching crustaceans;
• shipping containers.

Advice: many novice entrepreneurs do not understand why it is necessary to install several containers at once. This is necessary to ensure optimal reproduction of crustaceans. If natural processes take place in one container, then large crayfish will begin to eat small crustaceans.

Food base and species of crustaceans

The process of feeding crayfish will not cause any particular difficulties for entrepreneurs, as they are unpretentious in food and can eat both meat and vegetables, cereals. Currently, in specialized retail outlets, you can buy feed, which contains all the trace elements necessary for their development.

If a novice entrepreneur plans to breed crayfish at home for profit, then it is best for him to purchase a stock of blue crayfish (they are sold in specialized fish farms). Experts recommend starting with these crayfish, as they grow several times faster than river crustaceans. As for the number of crayfish that will be the first to be populated in prepared containers, here entrepreneurs should take into account the following factors:

• volume of containers;
• the size of the room;
• number of containers.

Advice: when purchasing the first livestock of crayfish, the following proportion should be used: the ratio of males to females should be 1:3. If a novice businessman has an aquarium or a 300-liter tank installed, then no more than 80 crayfish can be launched into it.

If people do not want to, but want to be engaged in a more stable business, they should consider the cancer business as an option. An important point that novice entrepreneurs should not forget about is the right choice of breed. Experts recommend purchasing livestock of the following types of crustaceans:

1. Red cancer (marsh). Representatives of this species do not grow to large sizes. Their main advantage is the ability to adapt to any conditions. They are very unpretentious and can live in artificial reservoirs, where the depth ranges from 15 to 20 cm.
2. Blue (Cuban). This breed was bred artificially for industrial breeding. Representatives of this species grow rapidly, reproduce well even in hard water, and are unpretentious in their diet.
3. Australian crayfish. This type of crustacean is in high demand among catering establishments and end consumers. For their breeding, you do not need to create special conditions, as they are very unpretentious. The ideal place for their cultivation is the pool.
4. Cancer marble. This type of crustacean should be kept at a temperature that does not fall below 28 degrees. Males are not needed for fertilization of females, as they reproduce by the parthenogenesis method.
5. European long-toed crayfish. This breed is considered one of the most prolific. Crayfish grow very quickly and can be kept in both natural and artificial reservoirs.

Crayfish breeding in an aquarium as a business

If aspiring entrepreneurs decide to breed crayfish in aquariums, then they need to have heated rooms in which a favorable microclimate will be created. The capacity of one aquarium must be at least 250 liters. The bottom of the glass container should be lined with stones. In order to bring the conditions closer to natural, you need to pour sand under the stones, and lay snags on top.

Advice: when breeding crayfish in aquariums, the proportion should be observed: no more than 350 individuals can be launched per 1 square meter.

To create optimal conditions for crayfish in which they will actively breed, entrepreneurs need to consider the following factors:

1. The number of females should always be several times greater than the number of males.
2. For mating, a separate aquarium should be allocated, the volume of which should not be less than 200 liters.
3. After the birth of crustaceans, they should be transferred to another aquarium to minimize losses.
4. Aquariums can be placed in heated basements.

What do crustaceans need for a fulfilling life?

Each person who decides to go into the cancer business should familiarize himself in advance with all the nuances that may affect the final result:

• crustaceans, regardless of breed, are very sensitive to water, therefore, to ensure their normal functioning, it is necessary to monitor its quality;
• in artificial or natural reservoirs used for breeding crayfish, a large number of snags and stones should be present;
• crayfish begin to mate from autumn to spring, so during this period it is necessary for them to provide decent conditions;
• the water in the container or in the reservoir must be enriched with oxygen;
• it is important to monitor the temperature regime, which should not fall below 1 degree (the best option is 18-24 degrees);
• if crayfish will be bred in natural reservoirs, then you need to protect them from predatory fish and waterfowl;
• in order for crustaceans to grow quickly, it is necessary to provide them with a balanced diet (if there is not enough food, adults will begin to eat young and weak crayfish), etc.

How to find distribution channels?

Some Russian citizens who are interested in the cancer business do not dare to start it, as they doubt that they will be able to sell livestock ready for sale. In order to never run into problems when selling crayfish, you should find one or more wholesalers in advance who will buy whole lots of crustaceans.

It should be noted that cooperation with wholesalers will not work at market prices. Despite minor financial losses, Russian citizens do not have to spend time and money on organizational issues:

• transportation of finished products (as a rule, wholesalers come to entrepreneurs on their own transport);
• store and feed grown crayfish;
• draw up documents (including sanitary ones) for each batch of crustaceans, etc.

In addition to wholesalers, catering establishments, grocery stores, and pubs can be considered as points of sale. If an entrepreneur has free time and a desire to earn more, he can independently sell the grown crayfish in organized markets. In this case, he will have to undergo mandatory sanitary control and have documents confirming the origin of crustaceans.

Crustacean diseases

If Russian citizens create the most favorable conditions for keeping crustaceans, they still will not be one hundred percent insured against various diseases. The most life-threatening cancer is plague. Burn disease, which develops under the influence of pathogenic microorganisms, can also cause serious harm to livestock.

The death of livestock (both adult and growing) can occur due to constant overfeeding. Therefore, it is extremely important to feed crustaceans in a dosed manner. Insufficient water filtration leads to the development of pathogenic microflora, against which serious diseases appear. Rapid temperature fluctuations and insufficient water aeration can also cause the death of crustaceans.

Breeding crustaceans in vivo

Owners of summer cottages and country houses living in close proximity to natural or artificial reservoirs can breed crayfish in them for subsequent sale. To start this business, Russian citizens need to fulfill several conditions:

• before launching the livestock of crayfish into the lake, you need to clear it of predatory fish;
• it is important to prepare the bottom, on which, if necessary, stones and driftwood should be laid;
• a natural or artificial reservoir must be divided into three parts (this can be done using a metal mesh);
• it is important to consider how the purity of the water will be maintained in the lake (if necessary, pumping and filtering stations are installed), etc.

The most dangerous time for the life of crayfish is the period of their molting. Without a shell, they are forced to constantly be in shelter, which they leave only to eat. The task of the entrepreneur is to provide enough food so that the crustaceans do not eat each other.

What documents are needed to open a cancer business?

Every Russian who plans to breed crayfish for subsequent sale must obtain the status of an individual entrepreneur without fail. To do this, he must perform a number of actions:

1. Pay the state fee.
2. Apply to the state registrar with a minimum package of documents (passport, tax identification number, payment receipt indicating payment of the state duty).
3. Choose a taxation system (the ideal option would be a simplified tax regime).

If it is planned to breed crayfish in natural conditions, then a novice entrepreneur must fulfill the basic requirements of Federal law:

• a reservoir (artificial, dug on his personal plot) must belong personally to an individual entrepreneur;
• the lake must be leased from local authorities;
• the pond should not flow into a natural reservoir.

To be able to sell crayfish to end consumers and catering establishments, an individual entrepreneur must complete additional documentation:

• in accordance with state standards in 2005, certificates are required;
• in the veterinary service you need to obtain a certificate of form No. 2;
• for the transportation of crayfish by your own or rented transport, you will need a sanitary passport;
• the process of selling crustaceans will have to be reflected in the primary and accounting documentation, on the basis of which the individual entrepreneur will fill out reports and submit them to regulatory authorities, etc.

Profitability of the crayfish breeding business

Is the cancer business profitable, Russian citizens will be able to understand the example below.

• Acquisition of livestock and other primary expenses - 100,000 rubles;
• Payment for electrical energy - 9,000 rubles;
• Purchase of special feed - 12,000 rubles.
• Total for the year - 121,000 rubles.

• The market price of crayfish is 500 rubles per 1 kg;
• In a year, an entrepreneur can grow 12,000 pieces of crayfish, the weight of which will reach 2,450 kg.
• Revenue for the year will be 1,225,000 rubles.

For the year of net profit, the IP will receive in the amount of 1,225,000 - 121,000 \u003d 1,104,000 rubles. The business project will begin to pay off in 3 years. If an entrepreneur decides to breed blue crayfish, then he will be able to receive income in 1.5 years.

Many people think about how not to work too hard, but at the same time receive a stable income. If they own household plots, then a cancer business would be ideal for them. By breeding crustaceans, people do not have to make any supernatural investments. Over time, they will begin to receive a stable income if they can provide the conditions necessary for the life of crayfish. Despite the fact that crayfish cannot be considered as, their income from them will be quite enough to ensure a normal standard of living.

Such a business idea does not require large expenses and can bring a stable income for six months - from May to October. The seasonal form of this income is perhaps the only drawback of such a business. Before you do this business, you need to determine the demand in the market - whether it exists in principle, and if so, how big. Of course, you can breed crayfish only for your own consumption, but it is much more pleasant not only to enjoy the final product, but also to have a stable income for a long time.

What is the market demand?

To start breeding crayfish as a business, it is advisable to call restaurants and supermarkets with a proposal to sell crayfish through constant supplies from your farm. Large supermarkets in the country have fish departments that sell not only fish, but also crayfish. However, in many wholesale hypermarkets (which, by the way, restaurants and cafes buy products from), there is no such product. Therefore, it's up to you - by calling all the major points of sale, you will surely find customers for yourself. And this is a sure signal that the crayfish breeding business plan of this way of trading will pay off in the future.

Another way to create a customer base is to simply sell the product through 2-3 acquaintances or friends. They, in turn, will tell their friends. In other words, word of mouth will start working. But in order to ensure a constant influx of customers, it is necessary to adhere to several basic conditions: high quality goods, prices that are lower than in supermarkets and other sellers, and, as an option, service improvement - home delivery of crayfish. Thus, in one season it is possible to form a permanent customer base.

Selecting the type of cancer farm

Everything has been decided with the client base, the most important part of the business plan remains - the direct organization of a cancer farm at home. Artificial breeding of crayfish is divided into two types, depending on the form of farming: breeding of crayfish in ponds and factory type of breeding. The first type is considered the most profitable, since the process is laborious and significant capital investments are required for the industrial scale of doing business.

At home, lake and river crayfish are bred. Raising crayfish as a business in our climate is considered impractical, since temperatures that are low for reproduction prevail most of the year. The exception is the southern regions of the country. It is very difficult to grow crayfish to a marketable appearance - they quickly hibernate at low water temperatures below 17 degrees and their development stops indefinitely. Therefore, the most optimal and best technology for breeding crayfish for our latitudes involves the creation of closed-type artificial reservoirs. Therefore, it is necessary to breed lake crayfish, because we need to get the finished product in the shortest possible time.

The technology of building reservoirs for breeding

The ideal option is a reservoir (or preferably several reservoirs) within your land plot. Breeding crayfish at home is beneficial due to the close placement of water bodies, you can always control the entire breeding process. In addition, it will significantly secure the business - there will be no danger that someone will want to collect your entire source of income.

So, on the territory of your site, several reservoirs have been dug. Their depth can be 1-3 meters (in some cases it can be 6 meters), the area of ​​​​one artificial pond is from 30 to 60 square meters. The bottom should be rocky and covered with sand, and the banks should be clay (so that crayfish can burrow into them). Running water, as noted above, is not necessary for breeding crayfish. The main thing is to have a source of water nearby so that you can fill the reservoirs with water and periodically change it.

Drainage pipes are also needed, which will carry out the function of draining and pipes through which water will flow into the ponds. The drain must be covered with a wooden net. Metal mesh is harmful to crayfish, and they will easily bite into an ordinary fishing net. When all the plums are ready, you can start filling the reservoir with water and launch crayfish there. It is necessary to renew the water once every 2-3 weeks, while replacing no more than 30% of the water, so as not to disturb the formed microclimate.

Home breeding of crayfish is also possible in aquariums, and this is one of the most profitable ways. Firstly, this is a much more convenient catch, and secondly, the constant maintenance of the optimum temperature, and thirdly, there is no need to constantly replace the water, it is enough to install cleaning filters. In addition, crayfish molt in an aquarium more often - up to 3 times a year, while in reservoirs they molt 1 time. Molting is a direct evidence of the growth of crayfish (the shell becomes tighter), which means that the product will be ready for sale faster.

The only drawback of aquariums is the limitation on the area of ​​placement. It is impossible to install more aquariums than the room allows. In addition, the cost of electricity and space heating increases. But at the same time, the volume of production also increases. But if you already have customers who are willing to constantly buy crayfish, you don't have to worry about profitability. The cost of crayfish will pay off the cost of the money spent.

You have a client base, you know which crayfish to breed, where to grow them and in what conditions. The only thing left is to decide where to buy crayfish for breeding and how to keep them correctly? If you live near a river or any other body of water in which these invertebrates are found, you can catch them yourself using special fishing rods, strings (cylindrical mesh) or hemstitches. Catching can take place from mid-summer to the end of November. In dark waters, the best catch will be in the evening, in transparent waters - during the onset of twilight. It is also desirable to catch crayfish in rainy weather and a warm night.

If for you this is a rather complicated process that takes a lot of time, there is another option. Selling crayfish for breeding is one of the ways to earn money for local residents who live near water bodies and are engaged in fishing. Usually a kilogram of crayfish costs 100 rubles, so you can buy a large number. It is best to buy underyearlings - crayfish that appeared this year, it is from them that you can get a good profit in the future.

• Regularly monitor the renewal of water so that it does not stagnate;
• Maintain the optimum temperature for the full nutrition of adult crayfish - it is 17-21 degrees, for larvae - a few degrees higher;
• Cancers, like all other representatives of the animal world, can get sick. Industrial crayfish farming involves maintaining optimal conditions, and in each country it is different. But everywhere the requirements are the same: standard hydrochemical and temperature conditions;
• You can feed crayfish with larvae, insects, fish, crustaceans, worms. But before direct capture for sale, it is necessary to put them on a special "diet": feed them only with nettles, potatoes and other vegetation. It is not recommended to give fresh fish, because crayfish will fight while eating, losing their claws and legs, and, as a result, their presentation. These are the basic conditions for breeding crayfish.

Costs, input quantity and liquidity

Of great importance is the acquisition of females with live eggs on pleopods (legs under the tail) and their transportation to crayfish farms. In order to grow a ton of crayfish, it is necessary to purchase about 450-600 fertilized females, which are caught from the natural habitat. With an average female weight of about 160 grams, about 80,000 grams of live weight comes out, which is 80 kg. crayfish, which must be purchased for breeding.

Thus, it is possible to calculate the profitability of breeding crayfish: 80 kilograms of crayfish at a purchase price of 100 rubles will cost 8,000 rubles. Let's add to this the single costs for the organization and creation of artificial reservoirs - about 180,000 rubles. It turns out 188 thousand rubles of starting capital for conducting such a business. Now you can calculate how much profit these funds will bring. At the same time, we take into account that you have drawn up a sales plan and the client base is already ready.

Suppose that in one season 500 female crayfish give birth to 13,000 live offspring (under optimal conditions). The market value of 1 kilogram of crayfish is about 200-250 rubles. Adult crayfish weigh up to 300 grams, which in total will be about 3.5-3.9 tons of ready-to-sell goods. In total, subject to the full sale of crayfish and their sale at wholesale cost, 500-700 thousand rubles of income is obtained, of which 312-512 thousand rubles are net profit for the season. As you can see, such a way of doing business as breeding crayfish at home is a cost-effective way to make a profit.

These conclusions were given after conducting experiments on breeding and growing crayfish by one of the domestic scientists. It is possible that they will be useful in the future to you:

After 1,400 fertilized females gave birth, young crayfish were removed from the cells from the females. Instead, 600 males were placed there, and despite the fact that fertilization took place on time - in early November, this did not give any positive results. From this it was concluded that older females should not be kept in the pool for more than 3-4 months.

It is also impossible to keep old females for the reason that during breeding it was noticed that they eat their own cubs. This means that after the females lay eggs, it is necessary to move them to another pool, and leave the eggs separately for a year - until crayfish appear and acquire hard shells.

Crayfish are very sensitive to changes in external conditions, therefore, immediately after being caught from their natural habitats and moving to a reservoir, they can crawl out of the water. Therefore, it is advisable to keep the crayfish in a basket for several weeks, and feed them there. After that, you can safely release crayfish into the pond - they will no longer climb to the surface.

Transportation is preferably carried out in containers covered from the inside with smooth straw or moss. Before releasing into the pond, pre-pour the crayfish from the watering can with warm water.

If you like this type of business, then you can additionally watch videos and educational materials about breeding crayfish, which clearly describes and tells each stage. It is worth noting that the process of breeding and growing is quite interesting, and with due effort, it can grow from an ordinary hobby into a source of permanent income.

The idea of ​​breeding crayfish is not new. Similar farms were organized in the Rostov region even before the start of perestroika in the Soviet Union. However, today this business has not become a completely occupied niche in Russia. We will understand the features of crayfish breeding in order to understand what are the prospects for crayfish breeding, whether such a commercial enterprise can bring in a significant and stable income.

Breeding crayfish in ponds

Growing crayfish in an artificial pond is considered the cheapest and easiest way in such an activity.

If you have your own land, then building a pond will not be a big effort. This will keep costs to a minimum.

The recommended area of ​​​​the reservoir is 25-60 m 2, depth - 1-3 m. It is advisable to cover the bottom with sand and lay out stones so that arthropods can dig holes for themselves. After that, you should stock up on food, as well as build several concrete pools. They are useful for fattening and overexposure of young livestock.

Remember to provide a reliable water stack and an additional source of water. Purchase cleaning and aeration systems. Study the specialized literature, it will never be superfluous. In principle, after this, larvae or breeding stock can be introduced into the pond.

An artificial reservoir requires replacement every 2-3 weeks. In winter, it is advisable to catch the livestock and transplant it into an indoor pond so that the crayfish do not suffocate under the ice.

It is impossible to build a pond in a sunny place!

If there is a natural reservoir near your place, then you can launch the larvae there. However, it must meet the following requirements:

• shaded sandy shores;
• the presence of a rocky bottom;
• environmental friendliness;
• bottom suitable for the construction of holes;
• absence of pathogenic flora.

The real problem in this case is poachers. However, they also have control. You can hire watchmen, put up streamers with bells, stretch the net on the surface.

This method of cultivation ultimately saves the budget for organizing a habitat for crayfish and their nutrition, however, the farmer is not able to control the temperature regime.

This means that in terms of weight, individuals grown in a natural reservoir will be approximately 30% inferior to those individuals that were grown in a home pond.

In aquarium

In an aquarium, crayfish can be grown even in urban conditions, though on a somewhat smaller scale than in a pond. The room can be rented in a quiet residential area. This method of breeding crayfish has many advantages:

• convenient control of pets;
• strict adherence to the temperature regime;
• less feed consumption;
• simplified catching of crayfish;
• the possibility of installing a filtration system;
• short winter.

In such "hothouse" conditions, young offspring develop quickly and efficiently, and the entrepreneur, in turn, makes a faster profit. However, you should not forget about the need to pay bills for electricity and space heating.

It is important to know the secrets of choosing the right aquarium:

• volume from 250 l;
• wide bottom;
• low plastic walls up to 1 m (to avoid contact of metal with water).

Soil should be poured at the bottom, pebbles and driftwood should be put, algae should be planted. The density of planting crayfish can reach 350 individuals per 1 m 2.

Create a farm

Entrepreneurs involved in breeding crayfish are advised to familiarize themselves with the features of keeping arthropods in practice before investing impressive amounts in this. Despite the fact that the World Wide Web provides access to almost any information, the advice of professionals should not be neglected.

Farm for industrial cultivation of crayfish

Experienced crayfish farmers will not reveal all the secrets, but visiting their farm will give you an idea of ​​what a successful farm should look like.

Where to buy crayfish for breeding

Finding larvae is problematic, so you have to buy adults. It is not necessary to acquire a lot of breeding stock at once. For a small farm, 40 males and 80 females will be enough. The latter are easily identified by the presence of eggs under the tail in late spring.

Sources of acquisition of cancers can be very different:

• independent fishing in the river;
• supermarket;
• specialized farm.

Naturally, it is preferable to buy arthropods from specialists. They can advise which species would be preferable for your region, conditions of detention and breeding purposes (by the way, crayfish have excellent caviar that can be salted). They will also tell you what kind of care should be in the first months.

Such industrial types of crayfish are popular:

• Blue Cuban (can withstand temperatures only up to 26 C o, grows quickly, omnivorous).
• Australian crayfish (suitable for aquariums, capricious in care and nutrition, is the most fleshy type of crayfish).
• Marble (requires a stable water temperature and large areas - 20 adults per 100 cubic meters of water, reproduces by parthenogenesis (that is, it is a female and a male in one individual).

Feeding

Being herbivorous animals, crayfish do not disdain in natural conditions various organic remains and even carrion.

Crayfish feed mainly on:

• earthworms;
• greenery;
• compound feed;
• insect larvae;
• small snails and bottom fish.

In the case of artificial breeding, the diet of crayfish includes:

• steamed crushed grain;
• meat;
• boiled potatoes;
• fish;
• shredded carrots.

The daily norm of food is 2% of the weight of the individual.

You can buy food for crayfish in companies associated with the fishing business, feed mills, greenhouses, and specialized markets.

reproduction

Mating of arthropods occurs in autumn - from September to October.

Male crayfish are able to fertilize two females in a row, they simply eat the third.

That is why the ratio of individuals of different sexes in one pond / aquarium should be 1: 2.

Eggs are initially placed under the shell of the female crayfish, and after laying, they are attached with abdominal legs under the tail. Females often wash the eggs with water, thereby cleaning them and allowing the embryos to develop properly. After 2 months, the larvae hatch.

Rachikha protects them for another 21 days, sheltering them from dangers under the tail. It should be noted that in the natural environment, females grow 12 crustaceans, but no more than 20 offspring annually. In the case of breeding crayfish at home, this figure reaches 60 crustaceans annually.

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Features of growing at home

It is important to take into account such features:

Cancers are different, respectively, their commercial value as well. Before starting a business, it makes sense to understand in detail the types of these freshwater arthropod creatures.

Equipment

For breeding crayfish you will need the following equipment:

1. Aquariums. It is desirable that they be equipped with heaters for incubation of eggs, a filtration system, and compressors. Water quality control will allow the larvae to develop quickly and correctly.
2. Pools. Should be separate for juveniles and independent juveniles. As they grow older, crayfish are necessarily sorted. This allows them to develop properly, as well as vary in weight/size, age, and cost, respectively.
3. Ponds. The more of them, the better. It should be borne in mind that the minimum size of the pond is 25 m 2. It is desirable to give it an oval shape, which contributes to proper gas exchange. There should be shelters at the bottom (fragments of plastic pipes, snags, stones). It is worth equipping at least a couple of covered ponds (in them, underyearling crayfish are grown, the broodstock is settled).

Implementation

To be able to legally sell goods, a business must be registered (OKVED codes 01.21; 52.23). This gives customers confidence that the product is of high quality and safe.

Crayfish sorting before sale

There is always a demand for such products. Preference in the implementation of crayfish should be given to wholesale trading enterprises. It is important to establish sales in such establishments as beer pubs, fish restaurants, saunas, baths.

Financial calculations

Regardless of what you choose as a dwelling for crayfish (a pond or an aquarium), the starting capital will be about 200 thousand rubles. With this money you will need to purchase:

• individuals (200 will be enough);
• aquarium (dig a hole for a pond and equip it);
• food and medicines.

You will also need to hire staff (1-2 people). The annual cost of feeding the crayfish and replacing the water will not exceed 100 thousand rubles.

Crayfish pond

It makes no sense to rent a pond. It is usually rented for 1 year. At the same time, the rental rate increases every year. Crayfish grow for about 4 years, so it makes sense to make your own pond.

Today in Russia, prices for crayfish fluctuate between 400-450 rubles. / kg and for adults; 200-250 rub. / kg and juveniles. You can sell goods by the piece. With the right approach, from a pond of 50 m 2, where 50 females are launched, you can get in a year:

• 3.5 tons of young animals (up to 13 thousand individuals);
• up to 80 kg of breeding stock.

Cancer farming is an easy job. Even a pensioner can cope with it. The only downside is the length of the project. Such a business does not pay off quickly, in about 2 years. After that, the business will bring a stable profit - up to 450 thousand rubles. / year. A tangible income appears in the 6-8th year with a tendency to a constant increase.

Business plan

Breeding crayfish, like any other business, requires a responsible approach.

A carefully thought-out business plan will allow you to understand the budget of the project, correctly allocate funds at each stage.

Also, this document acts as a kind of reference summary, which reflects all the important steps and nuances that you can later simply forget.

In a business plan, it is important to focus on:

• project start time (preferably bookmark in early April);
• competition (monopoly coverage of the market/region or the presence of similar farms);
• purpose of the goods (sales on the market, wholesale, processing, sale for breeding stock);
• sales markets (preferably wholesale buyers - retail chains, restaurants, individual entrepreneurs);
• method of breeding crayfish (natural aquatic environment, aquarium, artificial reservoir);
• cost of breeding stock (200-1000 rubles / kg);
• type of farm (for cold regions, aquarium breeding of crayfish is necessary, but growing in a pond is more economically profitable).

In general, growing crayfish as a business is a moderately laborious and long process, but at the same time profitable. The farmer will receive a hundredfold for his labors. In addition, cancer rarely gets sick, and the pleasure of watching your pets is still something!

Buying a ready-made business is a way out for those who do not want to deal with the preparatory stages, but immediately have a ready-made, well-established production and client base. Buying is a great decision, as there are a lot of offers.

How to make a million without having anything, read in the rubric.

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