Team Barrier. High jump and overcoming obstacles

Hurdling is an athletics discipline that develops jumping ability, flexibility, speed performance and coordination of movements. This sport was invented by the British in the 19th century. Initially, the design of the racks and the crossbar, as well as the rules of the competition, differed from those used now. Alvin Kranzlein, an athlete from the USA, is considered the founder of modern hurdling technique.

Rules

Races are held at distances: 50 m, 60 m, 100 m for women, 110 m for men, 400 m.

For short distances:

for men, the distance between the hurdles is 9.14 m, the height of the hurdles is 1.067 m;
for women, the distance between the barriers is 8.5 m, the height of the barriers is 0.84 m.

In 400m races:

for men, the distance between the barriers is 35 m, the height of the barriers is 0.914 m;
for women, the distance between the hurdles is 35 m, the height of the hurdles is 0.762 m.

The 400m hurdle run is held on a circular track, short distance races on a straight track. Each athlete moves in his lane. The obstacles are placed at the same distance from each other so that the supports are directed towards the starting line. To bring down the barrier, it is necessary to apply a load of about 4 kg. If the athlete hits the obstacle, the structure will fall forward without harming the runner.

Technique

Hurdling technique is complicated because this sport includes several athletics disciplines. In order to analyze the movements of the hurdler, we will break the distance covered into several stages:

start, starting acceleration;
taking the first hurdle;
running along the main distance;
finishing.

Start, acceleration

Competitions are held from a low start. At the command "Attention!" the athlete raises the pelvis to shoulder level. Hearing the signal "March!" the athlete starts, gradually straightening the body in 4-5 steps. The most effective jump is carried out by athletes whose center of mass is approximately in line with the crossbar. The stage of starting acceleration ends with the raising of the fly leg, which must attack the obstacle. In this case, the pushing leg is separated from the barrier at a distance of approximately 2 m.

Taking the first hurdle

Barrier running does not involve jumping over obstacles, as it may seem from the outside, but namely overcoming the barrier. In other words, you need to strive to move not up, but forward. The technique for taking any barrier is the same. But it is especially important to successfully take the first obstacle, because at the beginning of the distance the rhythm of movement is set.

Overcoming the barrier can also be conditionally divided into sub-stages:

crossing the crossbar;

To attack, you need to raise the fly leg, bent at the knee. Then straighten the lower leg, directing the heel forward. The thigh is parallel to the horizontal plane. The hand opposite the fly leg goes forward and reaches for the toe. The knee of the pushing leg is turned to the side. Body and head are in a straight line.

The transition through the barrier begins with raising the pushing leg, bent at the knee, the ankle is unbent. The thigh must be kept above the lower leg and heel. The fly leg goes down. The flywheel goes back, the second - forward.

During the landing, it is advisable to place the fly leg on the support with a roll from the toe to the heel at a distance of approximately 130 cm from the barrier. It is important not to tilt the body back, but to keep it straight.

Main distance running

Hurdling technique is not much different from sprinting. The length of the distance and the number of obstacles are calculated in such a way that the athlete must take 3 running steps between the obstacles. The first will be short, the second - the longest, the third, preparatory before the jump, - 15-20 cm shorter than the previous one. You need to run with a slight tilt of the body forward. It is very important to set the rhythm and not stray from it, even if the obstacle is touched. This should be taken calmly and continue moving to the finish line. At the end of the distance, due to the athlete's fatigue, the speed will be lower than at the start.

According to the rules, it is forbidden to carry a leg over the crossbar from the side and intentionally overturn the racks.

Finishing

Starts after the hurdler takes the last obstacle. Finishing technique and rules are the same as in other athletics disciplines.

Stages of learning

The hurdling training methodology consists of 4 consecutive steps.

1) Introduction to the basics, demonstration

At the first lesson, you need to analyze in detail all the stages of the distance, clearly show how to run up and throw over the barrier, move rhythmically between obstacles.

2) Preparation

Hurdling requires good physical fitness, endurance and flexibility. It is necessary to do exercises that improve the elasticity and mobility of the muscles of the hip joint, back of the thigh and lower legs.

Also at this stage, athletes learn to take obstacles, work with a push and fly leg.

3) Teaching Rhythm

To consolidate the technique of overcoming obstacles and learn how to maintain a rhythm at a distance, you need to practice jumps many times, gradually increasing the number of obstacles and the distance between them.

4) Learning to start and accelerate

The athlete must train both from a low and from a high start and separately master the technique of starting acceleration.

5) Consolidation and improvement of skills

Training should be carried out regularly and work on improving jumping ability, flexibility and speed performance. It is recommended to give a different load: work out running from a low and high start, compete in a group for a while and without timing, change the number of barriers and the length of the distance.

Hurdling is a complex discipline in which the athlete's ability to quickly react and pick up speed immediately after taking the obstacle plays a decisive role.

When I arrived, everyone was waiting for me. Naturally, the people were friendly, and yet they were eager to see how I handled the Doberman.

I brought with me a special fetching object with a removable sidewall, on the central part of which a piece of metal pipe was put on.

At the beginning of the workshop, I gave the Doberman an ordinary fetch. He got up, as if rooted to the spot, and stood tensed for about half an hour. I ignored him and continued my studies. Finally, he dropped the fetch.

I picked it up, changed it to mine and gave it to him. He grabbed the fetching object again and stiffened. I commanded "Give", but he did not even move his ear. Then I removed one sidewall and pulled the wooden part of the aport from his mouth with the other. Doberman was shocked! It didn't hurt him, but he definitely didn't like holding some kind of metal pipe in his mouth.

After that, when I threw him the usual fetch and commanded “Give”, the Doberman immediately released him. There were no more problems with him.

Chapter Twelve

Retrieve with a free jump over a blind barrier

This maneuver requires the dog to jump over a dead barrier, pick up the fetching object, jump back and sit in front of the handler. As stated above, she should sit close enough so that the handler does not have to reach out or take a step forward. Then, on command, the dog moves to the “Near” position.

At competitions in the AKC system, the trainer gives a minimum of commands, the first is "Sit, wait." Then, when the trainer has thrown the object over the obstacle, the “Barrier” command is given, and the dog takes the object, returns and sits in front of the trainer. The next commands are "Give" and "Next".

When teaching this skill, it is highly desirable to use additional words and gestures at the beginning, but they should be eliminated as early as possible.

Breakdown of the exercise into stages

The skill of jumping over a dead barrier with an aport is taught in several steps. First, the dog is taught to jump without a fetching object. The height of the barrier initially remains small. When the dog has mastered the "Barrier" command, a fetch is added to the exercise and the height is increased.

The rules of the AKC establish a certain height of the barrier. For dogs of small breeds, it is 20 cm. The maximum jump height, regardless of the size of the dog, is 91 cm.

To calculate the height of the barrier for your dog, place a ruler or bar on the withers and measure the distance from the withers to the ground. Table 1 lists the obstacle heights for dogs of various sizes. As a rule, it is 1.25 times the height of the dog at the withers. However, there are exceptions for certain breeds. Full details of the AKC rules for these breeds are listed in Appendix B.

Take your time

Take your time when learning this skill. The height of the obstacle at first should be small, the dog needs to gain confidence that he can jump over it.

Make sure that your pet is running exactly in the middle of the barrier, that he does not develop the bad habit of jumping from the side. To do this, the trainer should be slightly to the right of the middle line of the run.

Don't increase the height of the obstacle even if you want to test "what my dog is good for". Only after she has consistently fetched with a jump over the barrier can you start to “raise the bar”.

Table 1 Required Barrier Height

The height of the dog at the withers (in cm) - Barrier height (in cm)

less than 20 - 20

from 20 to 23 - 25

from 23 to 26 - 30

from 26 to 30 - 35

from 30 to 34 - 40

from 34 to 38 - 45

from 38 to 41 - 50

from 41 to 47 - 55

from 47 to 51 - 60

from 51 to 55 - 65

from 55 to 58 - 70

from 58 to 62 - 75

from 62 to 67 - 80

from 67 to 71 - 85

from 71 and above - 91

Installing a barrier

Install a blind barrier 10 cm high for small breeds and 20 cm for large ones. You will also need boards No. 1 and 2 for long jumps.

Since at the initial stage you too If you jump with the dog, practice without it for now. You must confidently, quickly and without hesitation take at least the minimum height so that the dog, when he jumps with you, cheerfully runs up to the obstacle, and does not trudge along. Start a run at about two meters and jump over the board, pushing off with your right foot. Remember that the left leg is "pointing" for your pet.

Before you start training, put on a training collar and fasten the leash to the "hard" ring. Lead the dog up to the obstacle to look at it from both sides, but don't let it go around it from the side. Since the reception requires a jump through barrier, you should not accustom the dog to the fact that it can be get around.

Skill training

Step 1

Install a blind barrier ten or twenty centimeters high, depending on the size of the dog. Take the dog on a leash and walk two meters to the obstacle. Without giving the command “Next”, quickly walk to it and command “Barrier” at about ninety centimeters. It is important to choose the correct take-off point for the dog. If necessary, measure ninety centimeters and mark this place with something.

When giving the command, slightly tug on the leash and jump over the barrier, pushing off with your right foot . Do not pull on the leash when jumping otherwise the dog may lose balance.

Remember that she should jump in the center of the obstacle, and the handler should be slightly to the right. After the jump, keep moving forward, then in a wide arc, go to the place where you started the exercise and repeat it. Don't forget to affectionately praise your pet when he's done a task.

Encouragement and support is an extremely important motivation throughout jumping training. An angry or irritated correction will only intimidate the dog. Since the purpose of this exercise is to teach her to fetch the trainer, strict correction can only do a disservice.

After a few lessons, the dog will learn to confidently jump over the barrier. Don't let her get bored: move on to the next step.

Step 2

Lay a ledge to the barrier boards for long jump - #1 on the near side, #2 on the far side. This will force the dog to push further away from the barrier and jump in a gentler arc.

With the dog on a leash, run up to the obstacle and command "Barrier" a meter away from it. Jump together. The leash must not be taut and never use it to drag the dog over an obstacle. Return to the beginning and repeat the jump.

Step 3

At this stage, the long jump boards are moved a little further from the barrier so that the dog starts the jump earlier. Thereby the highest point of the jump will be exactly above the middle of the barrier. For the initial height, this does not matter much, but it will turn out to be important later.

In competition, the maximum jump height is required to be above the center of the hurdle. If this happens earlier, the dog may not pick up the obstacle or land awkwardly too close to it. On the other hand, if the high point of the jump is behind the barrier, she has to push off earlier and jump higher as a result.

Move the boards a distance of ten to twenty centimeters, depending on the size of the dog. If you have a very small breed, the boards can be left in place.

At this stage, a back jump is added. To do this, you need to step over the barrier and stay in this position. If the boards attached to it interfere, one can be removed. It is important that you maintain a stable balance so that you can easily back up with the dog. Try practicing this movement a few times without your dog.

From this article you will learn:

What are track and field hurdles
What is the feature of the adjustable track and field hurdle
Where did track and field hurdles come from?
How to run through track and field hurdles
How to learn to run through track and field hurdles

Athletics barriers are called sports devices used for hurdling during training and sports competitions. The track-and-field barrier design provides for a wooden crossbar reinforced in two posts. Racks are connected to each other by a spacer. The racks also have steps with struts, at the free ends of which a counterweight is placed. There are two types of athletics hurdles - with a base made of metal and made of wood.

Track and field barrier: types, characteristics

The track and field barrier is installed at race distances of 80, 110 and 400 m. The bases are made of metal and wood. By design, barriers are divided into two types - with universal and constant height. Universal barriers are set to 3 heights used in competitions: 762, 914 and 1067 mm. Barriers with constant height are 762, 914 and 1067 mm.

The athletics hurdle consists of a crossbar fixed at the ends of vertical posts. The vertical racks themselves are installed on the ends of the supporting steps with counterweights. For strength, the racks and footboards are connected to each other by inclined struts.

The top bar is made of wood. It protrudes from the racks by 3 cm. The parameters of the crossbar are as follows: length - 1.2 m, width - 7 cm, thickness - 2 cm. Its upper edges are rounded. The color of the crossbars is white. Dark stripes 10 cm wide are drawn on the indent from the ends of the side faces of the uprights. The length of the footboard can be a maximum of 70 cm. The minimum weight of an athletics hurdle is 10 kg.

If the base of the barrier is made of metal, the crossbar is fixed in clips welded to the upper ends of the vertical posts. These racks with spacers, clips and footboards are connected by welding. A weight-counterweight is adjusted to the inner diameter of the steps and welded at the same distance from the ends. The material for the manufacture of racks with footboards and spacers are seamless water and gas pipes made of steel, thin steel for the clips, and steel for the weight-counterweight. For the crossbar, a tree is used - pine, larch or fir.

If the base of the track and field barrier is wooden, then all elements are also made of wood. The only exception is the load-counterweight. The parts are interconnected with glue, as well as with the help of wooden rods and dowels. The gray cast iron counterweight is attached to the free ends of the footrests with nuts and bolts. For the manufacture of the crossbar, pine, larch, fir and spruce are used.

Athletics barriers are covered with oil paints. As a rule, these sports devices are blue or light gray in color. The crossbars are always white. At an indent of 10 cm from their end, two black stripes are drawn. The length of each is 18 cm.

Below is a table with the main dimensions of athletics hurdles (cm).

Parts must be very firmly welded to each other. Distortions, burnouts and other inaccuracies should not appear during welding. It is necessary to file and clean the seams after welding, make sure that there are no roughness and cracks on the surface of the clips. The outer surfaces of the cage should not peek out from behind the crossbar. Casein glue is used to connect the parts. The ends of all elements are rolled over and cleaned, and the weight-counterweight is tightly pulled to the steps. Athletic hurdles must be painted carefully and accurately. The paint is laid in a dense layer, without gaps, stains, smudges.

GOST 7551-55 applies to the manufacture of athletics barriers. In accordance with it, a factory mark or an inscription indicating the manufacturer and product number can be placed on the crossbar of each barrier. Dry rooms are suitable for storing products.

Where and how athletics hurdles appeared

Athletics is rightfully called the Queen of Sports. For a long time, this particular sport has remained the most popular and widespread. The birthplace of athletics is Ancient Greece. It was there, in the running competitions at the Olympic Games in about 766 BC. e., this direction was born.

In modern history, the beginning of athletics as a new sport was laid in the long-distance running competitions in England. They took place in 1837. The competition was attended by college students in the city of Rugby. The sporting event started successfully, and therefore already next year more than 10 such races took place.

In the second half of the 19th century, new directions were introduced into athletics competitions in the form of hurdles and sprints, and weight throwing. In 1851, long jumps and high jumps from a running start entered the competition. Athletics gained even more popularity after this sport was included in the program of the Olympic Games in 1896.

Steeplechase began in the 19th century in England. At that time, English shepherds competed to see who could run the fastest through the sheepfolds. Later, lawns with primitive barriers installed on them began to be chosen for competitions. After some time, they began to use obstacles with a lighter weight in the form of an inverted "T". In 1935, an L-shaped athletics hurdle with a weighted base was invented. This design overturned when a force of 8 pounds, or 3.6 kg, was applied.

In 1864, athlete A. Daniel set a record in running 120 yards (109.92 m). He ran the distance in 17.75 seconds. In subsequent years, athletes diligently tried to find a rational technique. As a result, an “attack” of the barrier appeared with a straight leg and with a torso tilt when overcoming an obstacle. A. Cruz (England) was the first to show such a technique in 1886. His result was 16.4 s.

After 12 years, an athlete from the USA A. Krenzlein showed a brilliant technique of running over barriers. His score was 120 yards in 15.2 seconds. It was this athlete who won the II Olympic Games in 1990.

Further, the technique of "running through the barriers" was improved by the American athlete F. Smithson. The track and field athlete demonstrated a delayed extension of the pushing leg, thanks to which it was possible not to turn the body and at the same time maintain balance on the exit from the barrier. F. Smithson won the IV Olympic Games in 1908, showing a brilliant result - 110 m in 15.0 s.

Athletes could not improve Smithson's score for more than 50 years. And only in 1975, an athlete from France, Guy Drew, managed to run the same distance faster by 2 seconds - in 13.0 seconds. In subsequent years, only electronic timing was used to fix world records. The first record was set by an athlete from Cuba A. Kasanyans - 13.21 s. R. Nehemia improved the world record twice: in 1979 - 13.00 and in 1981 - 12.93 s. In 1993, the world record was again set by an athlete from England - K. Jackson with a score of 12.91 s.

Rules for running over track and field hurdles

The most popular and spectacular track and field distances, but at the same time very difficult ones, are sprint distances. However, running through track and field hurdles is also not easy. To show an excellent result, an athlete must not only be strong and run well. It requires excellent coordination of movements and the ability to feel the rhythm.

Hurdling is a sprint athletics discipline in which athletes overcome obstacles. Almost all Olympic and world records in this direction belong to American athletes. It is also worth highlighting an athlete from Russia - Yulia Pechenkina, who in 2003 set a world record at a distance of 400 m hurdles. Russian Sergey Shubenkov, world champion, also showed excellent results in the 100m hurdles.

Hurdling is held at a distance of no more than 400 m, depending on the time of year and the location of the competition. Hurdles are often held in stadiums and arenas.

Barriers in the form of the letter L are used as obstacles. Thanks to this form, injuries to athletes when devices fall are minimized. Note that the shape of the barriers until 1935 resembled the letter T. To bring them down, more effort was required, and because of this, athletes often fell. Now it is easier to knock down barriers (it requires a force of 3.6 kg), but because of this, runners lose precious time.

Hurdling Rules

Before moving on to the technique and other subtleties of hurdling, it is necessary to study its rules. Basic distance running and smooth running are almost identical in terms of rules. After the signal, the athlete starts and runs clearly along his way to the finish line. If he violates the rules, that is, he deliberately runs out of bounds or overturns the athletics barrier onto the adjacent track, sanctions are applied to the athlete.

There are rules for overcoming barriers. So, the athlete is obliged to step over it completely, bringing the leg to the side of the barrier is prohibited.

The rules for running over track and field hurdles allow the structure to fall, but it is not allowed to drop the hurdle intentionally. Keep in mind that this rule has been around for quite some time now. Previously, the rules forbade knocking down the barrier, and the judges simply did not count such results. When it became clear that the athlete, touching the structure, spends time on this, knocking down was allowed. However, almost immediately after that, many athletes began to deliberately knock down structures with their hands and feet. That is why in the future it was specifically forbidden to do so.

The arrangement of athletics barriers is determined by the length of the race, and also depends on the gender of the athletes. The structures are evenly spaced along the distance. For races of 50, 60, 100 and 110 meters they are placed in a straight line, for a distance of 400 meters - around the circle.

Running through track and field hurdles is much more technically difficult. An athlete needs not only to be fast and strong, to have excellent coordination, but also to properly cope with obstacles. There are 4 main stages in the hurdles running technique.

Stage 1: start and acceleration.

The athlete needs to take the correct starting position and accelerate to the maximum in the first 13-45 m. On steps 4-5 the lifter should straighten the body and prepare for the first hurdle. The start and acceleration phase ends approximately 2 meters before the barrier and at the moment when the fly leg is extended.

Stage 2: overcoming the first barrier.

The success of his race as a whole depends on how well the athlete overcomes the first obstacle. Breaking the first hurdle sets the pace for the entire race and will need to be maintained throughout the race. Many are sure that when running through athletics barriers, an athlete jumps. But this opinion is wrong. Professional athletes use only this terminology: "overcome" or "step over the barrier."

The athlete, making a push with his foot, does not jump up, but moves forward as far as possible. Track and field barriers, according to the rules, athletes must overcome without jumping, but by transferring the swing leg through the structure. That is why stretching is so important in the process of training and preparing for competitions. If an athlete, even if he is tall and long-legged, has a bad one, the barrier will become a serious problem for him.

Athletics barriers are overcome in 3 stages.

The first stage is the attack. The athlete raises the swing leg and straightens it so that the thigh is parallel to the horizontal plane. In order for the athlete to successfully overcome the obstacle, the distance of the pushing leg to it should be about 2 meters. To pass the barrier, the athlete tears off the jogging leg and carries it over the crossbar. He directs the fly leg down.

You need to land on the toe, only then rolling on the heel. Here the athlete must ensure that his body does not move back, but stays straight. Otherwise, the speed of movement will drop significantly. With the correct overcoming of all phases, the contact of the fly leg with the track is about 1.3 m from the structure. In this case, the first step after it should be the shortest.

Stage 3: passing the main distance.

If the sporting event takes place in the summer, there will be 9 more hurdles left before the end of the course. You need to overcome them by analogy with the first. The athlete needs to pass the entire distance in the same rhythm, even if the structures fall.

Stage 4: finish.

The finish in the track and field hurdles is exactly the same as in other races. The beginning of this stage is the moment when the athlete overcomes the last barrier. If the athlete has overcome the previous structures technically correctly and at the recommended pace, then he comes to the finish line at a fairly high speed.

Stages of learning to run through track and field hurdles

Hurdling is a difficult sport that requires the athlete to have strength, endurance and excellent preparation, which can only be achieved through hard training. During training, athletes work out various elements of hurdling, learn how to run the distance correctly, and develop the appropriate skills. Preparation for athletics and smooth running is almost the same. Most of the time, athletes work out strength, endurance, speed, work on stretching and, without fail, study the technique of starting from the blocks.

It is necessary to start special training with barriers after the athlete has acquired the necessary skills. If the athlete is sufficiently physically prepared, the technique of overcoming barriers can be included in the program. As part of the training, the athlete overcomes obstacles, learns to rhythmically and quickly cover the distance.

Training to run through track and field hurdles includes 5 stages:

1. Learning the basics, demonstration.

At this stage, the athlete is clearly demonstrated the technique of overcoming obstacles. The first lesson consists of getting acquainted with all stages of the distance, running technique, throwing over an obstacle, with rhythmic movement between the barriers.

2. Preparatory stage.

The athlete devotes a lot of time to his physical training, develops flexibility and endurance. It is very important that the muscles of the hip joint, back of the thigh and lower legs are elastic and mobile. Athletes are also trained to overcome barriers. Athletes develop the technique of work with the fly and push leg.

3. Teaching rhythm.

To consolidate the technique of running through barriers and maintain a single rhythm throughout the distance, the athlete needs to practice the technique many times. In this case, the number of barriers and the distance between them should be gradually increased.

4. Learning to start and overclock.

An athlete needs to train both from a low and from a high start, while separately mastering the acceleration technique at the start.

5. Consolidation and improvement of skills.

One of the prerequisites for training is regularity and continuous improvement of skills. The athlete must work hard to improve flexibility, jump height and speed. It is better if the loads are different: working out running from a high and low start, competitions with a group for time and without, training at distances of different lengths and the number of barriers.

To achieve good results in this discipline, an athlete, first of all, must have a quick reaction and be able to develop good speed immediately after overcoming the barrier.

Exercises for mastering the technique of hurdling

The athlete takes the starting position: puts his legs apart, bends his arms at the elbows. At the expense of 1-2-3, he imitates movement with his hands when running. On count 4, he makes a wider forward movement, straightening his arm at the elbow joint, and returns to the starting position. The exercise is repeated 6-12 times. When straightening, the arms bend forward slightly. When returning to the starting position, the hand is carried through the side. The pace of the exercise can be slow, medium and fast (Fig. A).

The athlete takes the same starting position as in exercise 1. Imitates hand movements as when walking. The pace is slow, medium and fast (Fig. B).
Starting position as in the first exercise. The athlete imitates movements, as when running. The pace is slow, medium and fast.
The athlete takes the starting position - stands in the main stance and bends his arms at the elbows. Next, the athlete imitates the work of the hands, simultaneously raising the swing leg with the pelvis forward and upward, and then throws the heel forward and downward. The exercise is performed in motion, that is, the athlete is moving forward. The exercise is repeated 6-12 times in 2-4 sets (Fig. C).
The athlete takes the starting position - puts the fly leg on the barrier. During the exercise, imitates the work of the hands. It is advisable not to allow bending in the knee joint of the fly leg lying on the barrier. The exercise is repeated 8-12 times in 2-4 sets.

Through these exercises, athletes understand how their arms should move when running through track and field hurdles. When performing it is necessary that the hand goes far forward. When holding the hand forward, it is necessary to tilt the body and, as it were, catch up with it. If the athlete is only learning basic exercises, then he must perform them at a slow pace.

Exercises to help develop the correct movements of the swing leg

The athlete takes the starting position: stands up to the barrier and takes the top bar with his hand. Then, at a fast pace, he raises the fly leg, bends it at the knee and lowers it to its original position. The exercise is repeated 10 to 12 times. The pace is medium or fast (Fig. A).

Starting position: the athlete stands sideways at the barrier, puts his hand on the crossbar at shoulder level. Then he raises the thigh of the fly leg above the horizontal and throws the heel forward, after which he lowers the straight leg down. The exercise is repeated 10-15 times in 2-3 sets (Fig. B).
The same exercise, but with a shock absorber.
The athlete takes a starting position: at a distance of 1-1.5 m, he stands facing the wall. Then he raises the thigh of the fly leg high and actively throws out the lower leg, after which he touches the wall (that is, “attacks” the barrier). The exercise is repeated 10-18 times with acceleration at the end (Fig. C).

The same exercise, only perform it from a walk or a short run. The number of repetitions is from 10 to 15 times.
The same exercise as the previous one, only here they advance to the support (gymnastic horse). The number of repetitions is from 10 to 15 (Fig. D).
The athlete takes the starting position - stands facing in the direction of movement, after which he “attacks” the gymnastic horse through the low athletics barrier in front. The number of repetitions is from 10 to 18 times. Exercise is done from a place, from walking or slow running, gradually accelerating towards the end. The distance between the gymnastic horse and the support is from 30 to 80 cm.
At a distance of 8-12 m from each other, low athletics barriers are placed. The athlete runs on the side of the barrier, transferring the fly leg through it, the push leg - outside it. When running between structures, raises the thigh high. The number of repetitions is from 4 to 8 (Fig. E).

When performing exercises No. 4-7, it is necessary that the pelvis quickly move forward due to the active extension of the fly leg, and that the repulsion be correct. The effect of exercise 7 is better if the athlete, attacking the "barrier", sends the fly leg without bending at the knee. This shortcoming can be corrected with the help of this exercise.

Exercises that develop the correct movement of the pushing leg

Starting position: the athlete stands at a distance of 90-120 cm to the side of the structure and holds on to its pole. Then he transfers the push leg, bent at the knee, through the athletics barrier from the side and repeats the exercise 10-15 times in 2-4 sets. The transfer of the pushing leg is imitated from the extreme rear position. First, the athlete takes a slow pace, then moves faster over the barrier. It is necessary to ensure that the leg at the knee is bent.
The exercise is the same, only a rubber shock absorber is used to perform it. Performing the exercise, the athlete must carry the pushing leg at the very edge of the barrier.

The exercise is similar to the previous one, only it does not need a gymnastic wall and a shock absorber.
The same exercise, only perform it with 2, 4 and 6 steps. The athlete approaches the barrier, raises the swing leg with his knee forward and upward, and then actively lowers it over the barrier. The hand at this time touches the support.

Two athletic structures are installed at a distance of 1.8-2.5 m from each other. When walking, the athlete takes turns moving the take-off leg to the side of each hurdle. The number of repetitions is 6-12 times.
The athlete takes the starting position - stands up from the side of the barrier and holds on to the support with his hands. One structure is installed obliquely and perpendicular to the gymnastic wall. The athlete slides his foot along the bar of the barrier. The number of repetitions is 8-12 times in 2-3 sets. Rest between sets - 1-1.5 minutes.

At a distance of 7-12 m, 5-6 small barriers are placed. The athlete, running through the barrier, carries the jogging leg through it. Before the barrier and between the barriers, he runs, raising his hip high, or takes short steps. The pace of the exercise is medium and fast.

When the lifter takes the take-off leg over the barrier, he must push the hip forward quickly and freely. When performing exercises, do not allow the body to lean back. The athlete needs to keep high, make sure there is a bend in the knee when transferring the take-off leg over the barrier, and start the movement from an extremely rear position. When raising the foot of the jogging leg above the knee, that is, throwing the lower leg up while running and lowering the knee down at the same time, the athlete must transfer the jogging leg along the inclined barrier.

Install two barriers and a gymnastic horse. The barriers are 2-3 m apart from each other. The distance from the barrier to the horse is about 1.5 m. The athlete crosses two barriers, after which he attacks the gymnastic horse. The number of repetitions is 5-10 times. When crossing the barrier, the fly leg is quickly lowered. When performing the exercise, you can not bend over much.

Track and field hurdles are placed in the same way as in the previous exercise. The athlete, jumping, overcomes the barriers.
For the exercise, they put a low gymnastic horse. Obstacles are overcome step by step. On socks, they approach the gymnastic apparatus, raise the fly leg bent at the knee up and forward and actively lower it down. Then they immediately push off with the jogging leg, quickly bring it forward, to the first running step behind the obstacle.

From 3 to 7 low barriers are placed at a distance of 8-12 m. The athlete, performing the exercise, runs 5 steps between the barriers. The number of repetitions is from 4 to 10.
From 3 to 5 barriers are placed at a distance of 3-4 m. In the future, you can further remove the structures from each other. The athlete begins to run from a high start in one step. The pace of the exercise is medium and fast.

At a distance of 8.5-9.14 m from each other, athletics barriers 60-106 cm high are set up. The athlete starts running from a high and low start.

The gymnastic horse is "attacked" from a place, from one or more steps. The athlete, performing exercises, makes sure that his pelvis does not lag behind. The throw itself (“attack”) is done quickly. The foot of the pushing leg does not turn during the throw to the side. When performing the exercise, you do not need to rush early to lean your shoulders forward. To do this, the throw should start from the pelvis, and the knee of the bent leg should be raised up and down.

When performing exercises, the athlete must transfer the pushing leg with an emphasis on quickly bringing it to the position of a running step. Between the barriers it is necessary to maintain a high position, do not squat. Track and field barriers can be of different heights and located at different distances from each other. The height and distance of the structures vary depending on the age and degree of training of the trainee.

The athlete takes the starting position - lies on his back, arms along the body. The position of the legs changes with oncoming swing movements. The number of repetitions is 15-25 times. The pace of the exercise is slow with a large amplitude in the anteroposterior direction (Fig. A).
Starting position - the athlete lies on his back, spreads his arms to the sides, legs together. The foot of the right foot touches the left hand. The number of repetitions for each leg is 6-10 times. The pace is slow and medium. Performing exercises, the head and torso do not need to be raised (Fig. B).
Starting position - the athlete lies on his back, legs together, arms spread apart. He raises his legs, lowers them first to the left, then to the right. The number of repetitions is 6-10 times.
Starting position - the athlete lies on his back, stretches his arms behind his head, brings his legs together. At the same time, he raises his legs and torso in opposite directions. The number of repetitions is 6-12 times. The pace is medium and fast (Fig. C).
Starting position - the athlete lies on his back, hands behind his head, legs together. At count 1, he raises his legs and torso (as in the previous exercise), at count 2, he returns to the position of a barrier squat, bends over to the swing leg, at count 3, he takes his original position. The number of repetitions is 6-12 times. The pace is medium and fast. Each time on the count of 2, the position of the legs changes (Fig. D).
Starting position - the athlete lies on his back, stretches his arms along the body. Raises straight legs, lowers them behind the head and slowly returns to the starting position. The number of repetitions is 8-15 times. The pace is medium (Fig. E).

Starting position - the athlete lies on the floor and leans back with his hands. When lifting up the right leg, it simultaneously bends in the lower back, puts the leg to the side and takes the initial position. The same on the other side. The number of repetitions for each side is 6-10 times. The pace of the exercises is slow. The amplitude is large (Fig. F).
Starting position - the athlete lies on his back, spreads his arms to the sides, connects his legs. Then he draws circles in the air with his feet. The number of repetitions of the exercise in each direction is 4-8 times. The amplitude of circular movements should be large. The legs are kept together. The pace of the exercise is medium (Fig. G).

The athlete takes the starting position - hanging on the wall facing forward. Then he raises and lowers his legs bent at the knees. You need to raise your legs quickly, and return to the starting position slowly. The number of repetitions is 8-20 times (Fig. A).
Starting position - the athlete becomes sideways to the gymnastic wall. He takes the pole with his hands, puts one foot closer to the wall and leans to the sides. Leaning, the athlete keeps his arms straight. The number of repetitions in each direction is 10-15. The pace is slow or medium (Figure B).
Starting position - hanging on the wall. The athlete swings his legs to one and the other side. Keeps legs together. The amplitude is large. The number of repetitions in each direction is 8-15 times. A medium pace is suitable for the exercise (Fig. C).
The athlete takes the starting position - stands on the pole of the gymnastic wall (legs together), holds his hands at chest level. Squats and quickly returns to the starting position. The number of repetitions is 10-15 times. The pace is slow, medium and fast.
Starting position - the athlete stands on the pole of the wall at a distance of 1-1.5 m from the floor and holds on to the pole at chest level. It goes down, bending one leg on the poles. The other (straight) leg goes down. Then takes the starting position. The number of repetitions for each leg is 10-15 times in 2-3 sets. The pace of exercise is slow and medium. Rest between sets - 1-2 minutes (Fig. D).
Starting position - hanging on the wall. The athlete raises his legs from this position: touches the crossbar with his feet above the grip of the hands and slowly takes the starting position. The number of repetitions is 4-10 times in 2-3 sets. The pace of the exercise is slow and medium. Rest between series - 1-2.5 min (Fig. E).

Barrier exercises

The athlete takes the starting position - stands up, holding his hands in focus on the barrier. Pushes off the support with his hands. The number of repetitions is 8-15 times. The pace of exercise is medium and fast.
The athlete takes the starting position - stands sideways to the barrier, leans with one hand on the track and field barrier in the lunge position and changes the position of the legs. The head and torso are kept straight, without tilting forward. The number of repetitions is 10-20 times.
Starting position - the athlete stands facing the barrier, puts a straight leg on it, supporting on the floor, and holds on to the barrier with his hands. Squats on one leg, quickly returning to the starting position. The number of repetitions for each leg is 4-10 times.
The distance between the barriers is 1.5-2 m (height 50.0-91.4 cm). The athlete jumps over athletic barriers, pushing off with both feet. The number of repetitions is 3-4 times (5-8 barriers). The pace of the exercise is medium.

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Any dog knows how to jump from birth and does it willingly. If you have a puppy, you are sure of this.

Now you need to teach him to do it on command. Let's start with a barrier no more than 45 centimeters high. Let's walk with the dog on a leash, bring it to the barrier and jump over it ourselves, at the same time commanding "Barrier!".

The dog will undoubtedly follow our example. We praise him for this and give him a treat. After a few lessons, we will gradually begin to increase the height of the obstacle. In addition, having made a jump, we immediately jump over the barrier in the opposite direction, each time giving the command “Barrier!”. Let's repeat this several times. Then we will give the command again, but we will not jump ourselves. Once on the other side of the barrier, the dog will be puzzled that we did not follow him and in the same second he will jump the barrier in the opposite direction to be next to us, and this is what we are trying to achieve.

In a few lessons, the dog will learn that at the command "Barrier!" she herself must jump over the obstacle, and then return to us, even without a leash. Gradually, we will ensure that she makes a jump from a position to the left of us, then, on command, she returns, stands in front of us, and again, on command, stands at her foot. In no case should you force, scold or punish the dog if he does not want to take the barrier or makes it awkward. For her, this exercise should be in the nature of an exciting game.

In case of a mistake, we simply will not praise or encourage it. At the same time, do not skimp on encouragement and even excessive if the dog will do everything as it should. The jumping exercise looks exactly the same as jumping over a low barrier. In the first lessons, we will place the obstacle low enough and cross it with the dog, keeping it on a leash. Gradually increasing the angle of inclination, we demand from the dog to overcome the obstacle, and we ourselves go around it from the side.

Then we start to let the dog go alone. When the dog learns to take the barrier and overcome the obstacle, we combine these two exercises with the retrieval, which the dog, of course, must already master. We will place the dog to our left, throw the apportation object over the barrier, and then give the following commands in order: “”, “Barrier!”, “Give!”, “To the leg!”. If we take the time and be patient, we will achieve perfect results, both in the high jump and in overcoming the obstacle.

You can not get too carried away with these exercises, which look spectacular and encourage the owner to demonstrate his dog's abilities in front of friends, despite the fact that he is tired. You can not abuse the fact that the implementation of these exercises brings the dog pleasure. If the dog gets tired, he will begin to make mistakes that can turn into a system.

Hurdling is considered a non-specific human activity. Initially, shepherds took part in such competitions, who tried to overcome the sheep pens as quickly as possible. Later, this sport became more famous, and then entered the program of the Olympic Games.

People's interest increased, they liked the technique of hurdling and the adrenaline they got while moving at high speed and jumping. Professionals preparing athletes for competitions began to look for ways to improve performance. As a result, over the entire period of existence, the technique for overcoming the barrier has changed more than once.

Hurdling first appeared in the program of the Olympic Games back in 1896, but only men took part in it, while for women the distance became available only 24 years later. Until 1935, the barrier had a T-shaped appearance, and then changed to an L-shaped one. Today, just the second option is used, since it is safer and it is much more convenient to overcome it. Such a barrier has the effect of throwing, which is necessary in case the athlete failed to jump over it.

Competition distances

In competition, athletes must overcome the following hurdling distances:

60 meters with hurdles (conducted in arenas);
100 meters for women and 110 meters for men;
400 meters hurdles (held in open stadiums).

When 400m races are held for men, the distance between hurdles is 35m and the height of one hurdle is 0.914m, for women the distance is the same and the height is 0.762m.

Hurdles with a short distance are held on straight tracks, and with a distance of 400 meters - on a circular track. Each athlete runs along his lane without crossing its boundaries. The obstacles are placed at the same distance so that the supports are directed towards the start line. The barrier can be demolished with a load of 4 kilograms.

Start and acceleration

The hurdling starts with a low stance start. When the command "Attention!" is given, the athlete must raise the hip part to the level of the shoulders. The start of the runner always occurs only after the signal "March!". For the first 4-5 steps, the athlete should have time to align his body, and then it’s normal to run. The most effective jump is for those athletes who have their center of mass parallel to the crossbar. The stage of starting acceleration ends after raising the fly leg, which attacks the obstacle.

First Barrier

The essence of hurdling is not jumping over obstacles, but overcoming obstacles. The movements of the athlete are made not in the upper, but in the forward direction. Each barrier is taken according to a single technique, divided into several sub-stages:

Attack. To attack, the athlete raises the swing leg, bending it at the knee, and then straightens the shin, directing the heel forward. In this case, the thigh is located in a parallel plane of the horizontal, and the body and head are kept strictly on the same line.
Crossbar. In the transition over the crossbar, the athlete needs to raise the leg bent at the knee joint, which is used to push, and unclench the ankle. The fly leg goes down, the fly arm goes back.
Departure. In the last sub-stage, the hurdler rolls the fly leg onto the heel support from the toe, while keeping at a distance of 130 centimeters from the hurdle. Here it is very important to keep the body straight, without tilting it forward.

Not every novice athlete can go through hurdling training. Few people manage to correctly pass the first barrier, so people are simply disappointed in their abilities and abandon this business. For professionals, passing the barrier is not difficult.

Main distance

The length of the distance, as well as the number of obstacles, are determined on the basis of three running steps carried out by the athlete between the barriers. The first of them is the shortest, the second is the longest, the third is the preparation before the jump.

Thanks to the training methodology for hurdling, you can learn how to correctly count steps when running and tilt the body. The entire run is done with a forward tilt of the body. The rhythm is very important here, which is forbidden to be broken even when touching an obstacle. The rules state that it is forbidden to bring your feet to the side of the crossbar or intentionally touch the barrier.

Finish

The final stage begins after the athlete has completed the most recent obstacle. You can finish in several ways:

side finish (the athlete turns the body slightly, bringing the right shoulder forward);
chest throw (the hurdler tilts his torso forward, moving his arms back when he reaches the last meters of the distance).

Rules and world records

The rules of hurdling competitions have some similarities with athletics sprint. The only difference is the presence of barriers. The distance between them and their height differ according to the gender of the athletes, as described at the beginning of the article.

The rules prohibit passing an obstacle in the following ways:

carry a leg outside the barrier;
run around on the side;
pass under an obstacle.

The result is not affected by the number of barriers knocked down - they only slow down the competitor.

For the entire period of the competition, the champions were:

Aris Merritt (110 meters in 12.80 seconds).
Yordanka Donkova (100 meters in 12.21 seconds).
Kevin Young (400 meters in 46.78 seconds).
Julia Pechenkina (400 meters in 52.34 seconds).

Hurdling training

The ability to run fast and jump over barriers is not enough to take part in competitions in this sport. To get started, you need to take training in order to understand what steeplechase is and how to achieve good results. Training consists of four steps, each of which is important.

The hurdling technique may not be entirely clear to beginners if they have not yet mastered the basic basics of smooth running and have not been able to master the low and high start. Runners begin full-fledged training only after mastering these skills, since without them the distance will not be covered correctly, and therefore, participation in the Olympic Games can be forgotten.

Basics

Athletes begin their acquaintance with the technique of running with obstacles by demonstrating the technique of moving along the distance. It includes running from the start with the passage of three or four hurdles, as well as finishing.

Experienced athletes recommend demonstrating the technique a couple more times, after which they run several times in three steps through several barriers no more than 50 centimeters high. In this case, the distance between obstacles should be about 7-8 meters.

While getting acquainted with the basics of hurdling, it is necessary to pay attention to the bold running up to an obstacle, throwing at it, as well as the connection between the rhythm of jumping over barriers and inter-hurdling running.

Training

Steeplechase requires the athlete to have excellent flexibility in the front and back of the thigh, as well as mobility in the hip joints. To achieve this, you should perform elementary exercises. They are intended to develop the flexibility and elasticity of the ligamentous apparatus, as well as muscles. These include:

Swing your foot back and forth from a standing position at a support (wall, chair, and so on).
Mahi to the sides, without bending the leg at the knee joint, turning to face the support.
Walking with lunges and springy swaying of the body, leaning forward and touching the floor with the elbows.
Standing with your back to the wall, bend your leg at the knee and reach the crossbar with your toe, bending in the lower back and bringing the pelvis forward.
Sitting in the position of a barrier step, stretching the fly leg forward, bend the push leg in the foot and take it to the side clearly at a right angle.

In the process of developing the flexibility and elasticity of the ligamentous apparatus and muscles, beginner athletes gradually begin to master the technique with which they will be in the future. In addition, thanks to these exercises, you can also master the rhythm of running between barriers.

First, you need to master all the exercises that are aimed at correctly performing repulsion from the surface and entering the barrier. After that, lead-up exercises are used. Thanks to them, you can familiarize yourself and study well the technique of movement of the pushing leg. Next come the techniques that make it possible to master the combination of movements of both legs (swing and jerk), as well as getting off the obstacle.

Rhythm

In order to teach athletes the rhythm and technique of movement between the barriers on the track, there are from three to five obstacles, the height of which is approximately 50-60 centimeters, and the distance between them is about 7.5 meters. The task of the runners is to cover the distance from a high start position, taking four steps to the first barrier, and between them - clearly three running steps.

As athletes prepare, the distance between obstacles and their height increase. In addition, athletes must constantly increase the speed at which they cover the distance in order to improve personal performance. A good motivation for this is world records in competitions.

Overclocking

Having mastered the technique of overcoming barriers and the rhythm of running, it is time for the athlete to study the technique of starting and, of course, starting acceleration. First you have to master the technique of low start and learn to pick up speed as quickly as possible. Along with this, it is required to work out a rhythmic run to the very first barrier, correctly hitting the repulsion point through the obstacle with the foot, and increase one's own speed after the barrier has been overcome.

Skill Improvement

A hurdler can understand the hurdling technique and improve his skills only when he goes through all the stages of training and performs special exercises repeatedly. For high-quality training of an athlete, barriers of various heights are used, the number of which is regularly increased. The athlete must learn to cover the entire distance without error, while at the same time practicing running from both low and high starts.