Dark clots come out. Why do blood clots come out during menstruation?

Any changes during menstruation cause anxiety in women. Almost everyone has encountered the phenomenon of blood clots during menstruation. The reasons for this can be different - from completely harmless to serious diseases that require the intervention of doctors.

What happens during menstruation?

Every month, regardless of a woman’s wishes, her uterus prepares to receive a fertilized egg. Under the influence of hormones, the inner layer of the uterus, the endometrium, begins to thicken. If pregnancy does not occur, the level of hormones decreases, the blood supply to the mucous membrane of the inner surface of the uterus stops, the endometrium is rejected and excreted through the genital tract. Thus, menstrual discharge is a complex mixture consisting of blood, mucus, endometrial particles, and vaginal cells.

Blood clots during menstruation are normal

This phenomenon during menstruation does not always indicate the presence of pathology. It is quite possible that your periods are normal and there is no need to worry. As you know, these days the endometrium dies and is removed, which becomes loose and thick during the cycle. That is, the menstrual discharge itself is not liquid, since it consists not only of blood, but also of the tissues of the inner lining of the uterus and glandular secretions. In addition, their consistency and color change every day.

Usually, during menstruation, blood clots come out as soon as a woman gets out of bed after sleeping or from a chair after sitting for a long time. This is explained by the fact that the blood in the uterus, when lying down or sitting, stagnates and begins to coagulate, forming clots. As soon as the woman gets up, they come out, and this is not a deviation from the norm.

To make menstrual flow easier, special anticoagulant enzymes inhibit blood clotting. If the bleeding is heavy, the enzymes cannot cope with their task and some of the blood clots in the vagina. That's why it comes out in clumps.

Causes

One of the reasons for the appearance of large clots in menstrual flow is endometrial hyperplasia.

Possible causes of blood clots during menstruation are various diseases and conditions. These include the following:

• Hormonal imbalance. When the endocrine glands malfunction, a cycle disruption occurs, which is manifested by strong brown discharge with clots during menstruation.
• Uterine fibroids. This is a benign tumor that causes menstrual irregularities. In this case, the discharge is usually profuse, and blood can come out in large clots.
• Endometrial hyperplasia. With this pathology, the inner layer of the uterus grows, which may be due to hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and hormonal imbalance. In this case, dark, large clots come out during menstruation.
• Endometrial polyposis. With this disease, the inner layer lining the uterine cavity grows, similar to the formation of polyps. In this regard, menstruation with blood clots is possible, and pain may appear in the lower abdomen.
• For a month after giving birth, a woman may experience huge clots coming out along with blood, which is normal. You should consult a doctor if your temperature rises: it is possible that fragments of the placenta remain in the reproductive organ.
• Intrauterine device. If there is a foreign body in the uterus during menstruation, blood clots may be released.
• Endometriosis. It is characterized by the growth of the endometrium outside the inner layer of the uterus. At the same time, periods become painful, longer, irregular, and the amount of blood released increases.
• Impaired functioning of the blood coagulation system. It begins to coagulate in the cavity of the reproductive organ, since the factors that prevent hemocoagulation do not work.
• Clots may appear during infectious diseases accompanied by an increase in temperature, for example during ARVI.
• Malformations of the uterus. As a rule, they are genetically determined. These are pathologies such as intrauterine septum, uterine bend, double or unicornuate uterus and others. The formation of clots with such anomalies is explained by the fact that the exit of menstrual blood from the uterus is difficult due to the pathological structure of the organ, and coagulation begins in its cavity. In women with such defects, menstruation is usually quite painful.
• Ectopic pregnancy. With this pathology, brown discharge, high fever, and severe abdominal pain are possible.
• Copious discharge of blood with clots can be observed with infectious diseases of the pelvic organs.
• The cause of such discharge may be an excess of vitamin B in the body.

When to see a doctor?

If large clots appear during menstruation, you should consult a gynecologist, especially if the discharge is heavy, prolonged and accompanied by pain.

You should not worry if your periods come regularly and there is no or moderate pain.

It is necessary to go to the gynecologist about clots during menstruation in the following situations:

1. Menstruation lasts more than a week, the discharge is heavy.
2. Pregnancy is planned and attempts are made to conceive. In this case, the discharge may indicate that the egg has been rejected and a miscarriage has occurred.
3. Discharge during menstruation contains large clots with an unpleasant odor.
4. A woman experiences severe pain during her period. This may be a sign of inflammation or hormonal disorders.

Finally

Small clots that come out during menstruation are normal. Every woman reacts very sensitively to any changes occurring in the body and will immediately notice if the nature of the discharge has changed. If the bleeding is profuse, the clots are large, there are a lot of them, and they are also accompanied by painful sensations that have not been observed before, you should definitely make an appointment with a gynecologist and be examined.

Most women experience monthly cramping abdominal pain that radiates to the lower back. In addition, they are accompanied by swelling and mood changes. Such signs indicate the onset of menstruation. For some this is joy, for others it is another disappointment, but the body is far from emotional reactions. It works in the usual physiological mode: the uterus is cleansed and brings its mechanism into readiness. Not always some periods are similar to the previous ones, and when there is a delay of several days or clots occur in the blood, women become confused and begin to think about terrible diseases.

Normal menstrual flow

During menstruation, prostaglandins play a major role. This substance is actively produced by the mucous membrane and causes contractions of the uterus, which are felt as slight spasmodic movements. Such disharmony is considered normal and does not require medical intervention. Doctors recommend seeking advice in the following cases:

• cycle shorter than 21 and longer than 35 days;
• profuse bleeding which lasts more than a week;
• severe pain and dizziness during menstruation;
• Painkillers do not provide relief state.

The release of small, coin-sized clots of menstrual blood should not be alarming. This is a sign of good functioning of the coagulation system. Only in some cases does piece-shaped discharge become a reason to consult a doctor.

Physiological causes of clots

Blood clots accompany all normal periods. It happens, if a woman is in a static position for a long time: sleeping, sitting, etc. From a physiological point of view, there is a simple explanation: the released blood stagnates in the uterine cavity. Most women will confirm that after waking up, during the first visit to the toilet, thick discharge is noted, which comes out in the form of lumps and is regarded as normal.

The appearance of blood clots is considered natural in the postpartum period. Typically, restoration of ovarian function occurs within two months. The first menstruation after a long physiological absence will differ from the usual critical days before pregnancy. But you should consult a doctor only if you have unexpected periods that are accompanied by painful cramps.

Monthly discharge with heavy blood clots is always observed, when is the intrauterine device installed?.

Besides, for congenital anomalies structurally, such a symptom is not a cause for concern. Deformation of the intrauterine septum, bending of the uterus, the existence of only one paramesonephric duct leads to unusual discharge, which is normal.

Blood clots that appear during menstruation can be scary. If you have not noticed such phenomena in yourself before, you may ask the question, “Are blood clots dangerous during menstruation?” Only a specialist can give you a definite answer.

But before you get nervous and make an appointment with a doctor, make sure this is not an isolated incident. After all, many women can observe how small lumps of coagulated blood come out during menstruation. But only in a few cases can such a phenomenon become a symptom of the disease. If you want to make sure that everything is in order with your health, undergo a standard examination. Already at this stage, the doctor will be able to determine whether you really need to worry.

Determining the norm for such a phenomenon as menstruation is quite difficult. They can be short or long, abundant or with minimal bleeding. There are a large number of factors that influence them, so women often miss the moment of delay during pregnancy or the appearance of a gynecological disease. In this regard, it is recommended to regularly visit a gynecologist who will monitor your health and be able to determine if any abnormalities suddenly appear.

If you still haven’t found “your” specialist, then you need to seek help as soon as you discover that you have excessively heavy or unusually long periods with blood clots.

Menstruation itself is a natural process of exfoliation of the epidermis, which is located on the walls of the uterus. However, if any obstacle appears, the blood will clot without finding a way out. As for the cause of this phenomenon, it is often the bend of the uterus, which forms a natural septum.

In the case when blood clots that appear during menstruation accumulate in the resulting space, complications may arise. A specialist can easily determine this situation after an inspection. If no obstacles were found, then the doctor may suspect that you have a type of anemia. In addition to the clots that come out during menstruation, heavy discharge is a sign of it. How can you track their volume?

To do this, you need to know the weight of the sanitary product (pad, tampon) in its pure form and its weight after use. By comparing these two numbers, you can determine the amount of your own allocations. Numbers over 80 grams per day are too large. If, during the calculations, you realize that your periods are heavy, you should go to see a doctor. It is possible that you have anemia, the causes of which lie in a lack of iron. By replenishing the missing amount of the required element, you can correct the current situation. However, your doctor should prescribe you to take iron supplements after an examination. After all, heavy periods, which contain large clots, can be a symptom of a more serious disease.

Remember that the intensity of your periods depends on the lifestyle you lead. If you are primarily in a lying or sitting position, the discharge will occur slowly. With a sharp rise or intense movement, menstruation may intensify, and this will not at all be an indicator of the presence of the disease.

Why are clots dangerous?

If you determine that the clots that appear during menstruation are a violation of the norm, then you should listen to your feelings. You may not have noticed other symptoms that may indicate a medical condition. These special indicators include the following:

• the appearance of severe abdominal pain;
• changed color of menstruation;
• an unpleasant odor appears;
• presence of bleeding.

The causes of each of these symptoms may be different, but taken together they can spell big problems for you. What should we be afraid of?

If you go to the doctor and he doesn’t find any other problems besides clots, he will most likely diagnose you with adenomyosis. To confirm it, you may need not only a general examination on a gynecological chair using mirrors, but also colposcopy and ultrasound.

A common reason for women to visit a gynecologist is a change in the color of the discharge to brown. If you observe this at the beginning or end of menstruation, then there is no need to worry. This is within normal limits. But the appearance of brown discharge during or instead of menstruation should alert you. Perhaps this is the body's reaction to an infection or a sign of an ectopic pregnancy. The exact reasons for the changed color of menstruation can be determined by the doctor after examination. Hormone testing may be necessary to rule out hormonal imbalances.

Having brown discharge during pregnancy is also not normal. However, do not be scared and assume the worst. Perhaps you have simply developed a hematoma, which makes it possible to carry the pregnancy to term if you follow the doctor’s recommendations.

But remember that heavy discharge during pregnancy is a mandatory reason to urgently seek medical help.

Small blood clots may appear up to a month after birth. But if after the expiration of the period they have not disappeared, the possibility of retaining the remains of the placenta inside the body should be excluded.

Clots may also appear after the installation of the “spiral”. If you notice such symptoms, you should immediately contact your doctor. Most likely, this method of contraception is not suitable for you.

It happens that after sexual intercourse a woman observes the appearance of clots during menstruation. Such a symptom may indicate the presence of erosion, but a doctor must confirm this diagnosis.

In addition to the reasons described above, clots can appear due to polyps, hyperplasias and fibroids. But perhaps the most common diagnosis for the appearance of blood lumps during menstruation is endometriosis.

Endometriosis

This gynecological disease is one of the most dangerous:

1. It is quite difficult to determine and make the correct diagnosis.
2. If treatment is incorrect or untimely, female infertility can become a complication. And many women are afraid of losing the opportunity to have children.

Research has shown that endometriosis is caused by disturbances in the immune and hormonal systems. In this case, the formation of large dark nodes is observed. The presence of blood clots during menstruation is one of the main symptoms of this disease. But if you find clots in yourself, you shouldn’t be scared, because for an accurate diagnosis you will need to undergo a thorough examination using modern equipment. Another indicator of the presence of this serious disease may be pain. They occur both during menstruation and after it ends.

In addition to difficulty in diagnosis, endometriosis is also characterized by difficulty in treatment. This is due to the presence of different affected areas.

To begin with, the doctor will most likely prescribe you a course that will be aimed at restoring hormonal balance. However, it often happens that such a scheme does not give the desired result. And then the need for surgical intervention arises. Its goal is to rid the body of the formed nodes. After this, the menstrual cycle is usually restored and the formation of clots stops.

Some doctors use herbal medicine in their practice. It helps prevent the appearance of clots during menstruation and reduce the amount of discharge. The most popular are decoctions of herbs such as nettle, yarrow, and cinquefoil. To achieve results, you need to start taking one of the herbs 50 grams three times a day a few days before the start of menstruation. In addition to reducing clots, such decoctions are an excellent means of preventing anemia. If for some reason the named herbs are not available to you (not on sale, you have an allergy), you can use water pepper or red viburnum.

Remember that if your condition worsens or any other unpleasant symptoms appear, you should consult a doctor immediately. Only a specialist will be able to accurately determine the cause of your poor health and prescribe effective treatment.

Possible treatment

Depending on the symptoms that concern you, your doctor will prescribe an examination. Based on the results obtained, a treatment will be prescribed that will eliminate not only the symptom itself (the appearance of clots), but also the cause of its appearance.

If the doctor detects the presence of pathologies in the uterus, he will prescribe additional tests (for example, hysteroscopy or hysterography). Once the diagnosis is confirmed, you will be prescribed surgical intervention to help cope with the problem.

If there are no pathologies, you may be prescribed an MRI. It will identify neoplasms in the genitourinary system. If the result shows that you do not have tumors, the doctor will prescribe a regimen for you to use gestagen-based drugs.

In cases where heavy menstruation occurs in women during menopause, they are prescribed drugs based on hormones with a high content of progesterone.

The use of monophasic contraceptives is used in case of detection of uterine fibroids. These drugs help restore the balance of hormones and reduce the amount of bleeding. In cases where this scheme is ineffective, surgery is prescribed to remove the fibroids. And in very advanced cases, it may be necessary to remove the entire uterus. However, doctors are increasingly using the embolization method. Its essence is to block blood access to the fibroid. This leads to the cessation of development and reproduction of tumor cells.

Treatment of endometriosis is complex, but with timely diagnosis it is possible, despite the fact that the disease is often asymptomatic. And if anemia is detected, the doctor prescribes iron supplements.

If clots are present and all possible diseases (pathologies) have been excluded, the doctor usually prescribes calcium gluconate or ascorutin.

All women in the world are already accustomed to menstruation. How many would like to get rid of them for good, but nothing can be done here. And in general, this is, first of all, an indicator of women’s health. Their nature must be systematic, constant and well-established, without failures or deviations. This is why it is so important to understand the process of critical days.

When deviations occur, for example, heavy periods with clots, then you need to understand what is normal and what is pathological.

The first day of menstruation determines the beginning of a new period of the menstrual cycle. In the first 3-7 days of the cycle, the endometrial layer is rejected and leaves the vagina in the form of bloody discharge. Sometimes, during menstruation, clots come out - this is tissue from the walls of the uterus.

When the discharge ends, the body again begins to prepare for possible conception. Then the body increases the hormones progesterone and estrogen. They are responsible for building up the walls of the uterus (endometrium).

If the fertilization result is positive, it will be responsible for a favorable environment for the embryo, for useful nutrients and for delivering oxygen to the embryo. For these reasons, the endometrium increases significantly in thickness.

And if conception never happened, then the entire increased volume loses its meaning, the walls peel off and the matter comes out along with the blood. It happens that the endometrium peels off in large chunks and then you get periods with pieces.

Blood clots during menstruation are cumulative. That is, they usually collect in the uterus and begin to coagulate when a woman is sitting or lying down for a long time. And with a sharp rise in the body, the clots come out. All this is considered the norm.

When pieces with blood indicate deviations

Blood clots are normal during menstruation. But if the pieces are very large and menstruation is heavy, you should be wary.

There are also deviations from the norm. It is known that during menstruation, the volume of blood released ranges from 150-250 ml, the woman changes the pad as usual.

Situations where menstruation:

• come out with large pieces:
• takes too long in large quantities

indicates certain problems. And then all this should alert the woman and force her to seek help from a highly qualified specialist.

Causes of menstruation with clots

Menstruation with clots may be normal, or it may be a pathology. The main thing is to understand when to see a gynecologist.

If we talk about the reasons for such discharge, then various serious diseases that entail very serious health problems may be hidden here.

Having found the cause of the clots, it will be possible to understand why they appeared.

Possible reasons include:

• Women's hormonal imbalances. Hormones are an integral part of the menstrual cycle. , progesterone is involved in all processes associated with the cycle: first in the preparatory process (possible fertilization), and then, if conception does not occur, in the process of bleeding. Of course, when a hormone somewhere does not fulfill its task or does not perform it on time, then the entire body experiences stress. This may look like a late period with blood clots. Hormones can also be affected by: thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pituitary gland, brain. Hormonal imbalances can occur in women during menopause. Then a huge restructuring of the whole body takes place under the new regime, and therefore the woman is prescribed a hormone replacement during such a period.
• Abortion, miscarriage, curettage– all this can be caused by blood clots during menstruation. The consequence of blood clots is injury to the walls of the uterus. During abortion and curettage, pieces of the endometrium may indicate incomplete cleansing of the fetus. With a miscarriage there are usually. Often a girl has no idea about her interesting situation, because pregnancy failure occurs at the very beginning of the cycle, and after a short delay, menstruation begins. In such cases, the discharge differs from usual. Of course, it would be good to go through the procedure to make sure that the uterus is clean.
• Birth of a child. Immediately after giving birth, a woman's This is a strong discharge and large clots, which is normal. Within a month, 1.5 months, they should disappear. In situations where the temperature rises, the head begins to spin to the point of loss of consciousness, you should immediately consult a doctor. The reason may lie in the incomplete release of the placenta.
• Restoring the monthly cycle after childbirth. It is clear that menstruation does not occur immediately, and at first it will not occur systematically. But after about 6 months, the cycle should improve.
• Contraception - intrauterine device. One of the most used methods of protection against unwanted pregnancy. This method is especially popular among women who have given birth, and an intrauterine device is allowed to be placed after childbirth, when 6 months have passed. It is placed in the uterine cavity, and then the woman lives with it as usual. There are, of course, individual intolerances, but in general they do not cause discomfort.

In the first months after the installation of the intrauterine device, periods may be heavier than usual. Menstruation is also common, the clots of which have a considerable shape - this all relates to normal recovery.

Against the backdrop of all this, additional types of ailment may appear: weakness, dizziness, physical fatigue.

It is possible that small pieces of uterine tissue will leak between cycles, and the bleeding process will last more than 7 days.

Usually, after 3 months everything returns to normal. If this does not happen, then this is a reason to start taking tests to determine the cause of such processes.

Cases when menstruation can be very heavy and with clots:

• When heavy periods with clots, the reasons may be hidden in the banal viral infection, acute respiratory viral infection, infectious disease, elevated body temperature.
• It is unknown how many symptoms there are, but we can say for sure that if you have pieces of the endometrium with brown smudges and painful pains in the lower abdomen, you should come for an ultrasound and make sure of the diagnosis or refute it.
• Why extra vitamin B in the body leads to such consequences as blood clots, it is not clear, but it is a fact.
• Disturbances in the circulatory system and its regulation are also one of the reasons associated with pieces of blood that come out along with menstruation.
• Varicose veins of the pelvis begins to appear at an early age. Even then, menstruation comes along with bast shoes of blood. But most often in this disease there is mucus with bloody discharge. At the very beginning, menstruation is profuse, but over time it becomes worse with pain.
• Among the causes, the leading place is occupied by diseases associated with the female genital organs. - benign tumor. Its symptoms consist of “generous” critical days and “generous” pieces of blood, and no other signs. This is precisely why she is dangerous. If fibroids are not treated in time, they can develop into a malignant tumor. Treatment for this problem consists of taking a course or removing it. So uterine fibroids need to be detected as early as possible.
• Polyps. They appear on the walls of the uterus in the form of small tumors and can interfere with the normal flow of menstruation.
• . The symptoms of this disease are as follows: irregular cycles, the number of days of bleeding increases, the critical days themselves are thicker and have clots of stagnant blood. Why does this happen, because when the endometrium grows on the walls of the uterus, its quantity goes beyond the limits. And when the endometrium is rejected, large pieces of tissue are obtained. It is necessary to monitor this condition so that endometriosis does not develop into a chronic form and does not result in a disastrous effect - infertility.
• Malformation of the uterus (curvature, double uterus, septum, etc.). Usually this problem is caused by genetic characteristics. Sometimes, in such cases, the cycle remains normal, but in some cases there may be failures. Often such critical days are painful, the release of blood is difficult and, as a result, pieces of matter with menstruation.
• Menstruation with clots may be a consequence taking medications aimed at causing bleeding.

How many reasons there are bloody discharge with chunks can be seen from the above, but in any case, the situation needs to be solved with the help of treatment, not independent, but professional.

Reading your body's signals

A woman notices the slightest changes in the menstrual cycle immediately. This could be premature menstruation or, conversely, a delay.

The nature of the bleeding is also noticeable by the number of pads or tampons used. And she will immediately notice blood clots that come out with menstrual blood, even if nothing hurts.

If a woman has the following symptoms, she should consult a doctor for help:

• The duration of menstruation is more than a week, and they are heavy;
• Situations when a girl wants to conceive a child, and after trying to get pregnant, menstruation behaves uncharacteristically. All this may indicate a pregnancy failure;
• If the bleeding has an unpleasant odor and large frequent pieces of endometrium;
• Severe pain during red days of the calendar, and not only red days, may indicate either hormonal imbalances.
• And, when the menstrual clots and the discharge themselves are dark in color, then you should look for pathology in the female body. Of course, such deviations are considered normal when a woman is recovering from childbirth, as well as when she has a high body temperature. But when the situation repeats itself repeatedly, it is not good. Miscarriage, tumor growths - this is what can cause darkening of the blood.

So you should carefully monitor your red days on the calendar. Maybe you should look at photos on the Internet to have an idea of ​​their appearance and not wonder: “why do I have such discharge?”

And in conclusion, I would like to draw your attention, dear women, blood clots are considered normal, but only if they do not exceed the norm. All suspicious symptoms should be discussed in the gynecologist's office. And then each of you will have excellent women's health.

The reproductive cycle begins with menstruation - renewal of the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity and preparing it to receive a fertilized egg. When removing dead endometrium, bleeding occurs, which normally does not cause particularly unpleasant sensations in a woman. But the type of discharge varies significantly depending on many factors. The reasons can be both completely harmless and dangerous. For example, the appearance of clots in a woman’s menstrual blood is sometimes explained by physiological characteristics, and in some cases it is a symptom of a disease.

Content:

Normal menstrual flow

The secretions during menstruation include particles of the rejected endometrium, blood from small blood vessels damaged when it is peeled off, and mucus produced by the glands of the cervix. The blood contains anticoagulants (enzymes that prevent clotting). They ensure that the discharge has a liquid consistency and is quickly removed. If menstruation is too heavy or mucus stagnates in the uterus, then anticoagulants do not cope with their role, the blood coagulates, and clots appear in the secretions.

Stagnation can occur, for example, if a woman remains in one position for a long time. Therefore, clots appear when you get out of bed or after sitting for a long time.

If the volume of blood discharge for all days of menstruation does not exceed 80-100 ml (with the maximum occurring on days 2-3), and they last no more than 5-6 days, then we can assume that menstruation is proceeding without deviations, and the appearance of clots - this is the norm. In this case, the discharge should not have an unpleasant odor and there should be no other painful symptoms.

Natural causes of clots

Sometimes blood clots appear during menstruation for natural reasons. These include:

1. Increased blood clotting when body temperature rises (during a cold or flu, for example).
2. Infectious diseases that provoke increased clotting (sore throat, inflammation of the bladder and others).
3. Increased intensity of menstrual bleeding during the period of hormonal changes in the body. Heavy bleeding may alternate with scanty bleeding during the formation of the menstrual cycle in teenage girls or in women during premenopause. Therefore, the appearance of blood clots in menstrual flow during these periods is inevitable and natural.
4. Congenital abnormality of the shape of the uterus (the so-called “bicornuate uterus” - its cavity is divided by a septum into 2 parts), as well as abnormal location (bending) of the uterus.
5. Termination of pregnancy at 1-2 weeks, when the fertilized egg could not stay in the endometrium. In this case, a woman’s menstruation occurs with a slight delay, and remnants of the fertilized egg in the form of blood lumps are observed in the discharge.
6. Blood diseases, the presence of cardiovascular pathologies, leading to an increase in its viscosity.
7. Contraception using an intrauterine device. It prevents the normal flow of blood.
8. Iron-deficiency anemia.

If a metabolic disorder occurs in the body, then iron deficiency forms in the blood and the level of hemoglobin decreases. This protein provides oxygen to the body's cells. Due to its deficiency, the normal functioning of all organs is disrupted. With anemia, a woman suffers from frequent headaches, dizziness, weakness, nausea and vomiting. Menstruation becomes painful. Menstrual discharge contains clots up to 4 cm in size.

Note: The formation of clots in menstrual blood is facilitated by a woman’s low physical activity and insufficient fluid intake.

Video: Natural causes of clots during menstruation

Signs of pathology in the presence of clots

Often, menstrual discharge with clots is a symptom of pathology in the condition of the reproductive organs. Particular attention should be paid to this sign if a woman has cycle disorders, blood clots are observed throughout menstruation, their size exceeds 5 cm. Pathological discharge with blood clots during menstruation smells bad, there are yellow, green or white impurities in it mucus.

Signs of pathology may include severe pain in the back and lower abdomen during and between periods, blood loss of more than 150 ml, weakness and dizziness after the end of menstruation.

If you have such symptoms, you should definitely consult a doctor and undergo an examination.

The appearance of clots due to hormonal imbalances in the body

The condition of the endometrium, the amount and composition of mucus produced in the cervix, depend entirely on the ratio of ovarian sex hormones. In turn, the production of estrogen and progesterone is regulated by pituitary hormones and is closely related to the work of all endocrine organs.

Any imbalance of hormones affects the course of the menstrual cycle and the nature of menstruation. The appearance of blood clots during menstruation may mean that a woman has abnormalities in the functioning of the endocrine system. Copious discharge with clots occurs in women with diabetes, as well as those with thyroid disease.

The occurrence of hormonal disorders is facilitated by the use of steroid drugs, surgical intervention in the functioning of the genital organs (diagnostic or therapeutic curettage of the uterus, abortion), as well as violation of physiological norms. Stress also affects the nature of your periods, as it increases hormonal imbalance.

The risk of hormonal disorders is high in women prone to obesity. Adipose tissue produces estrogens, which causes increased development of the endometrium, promotes its loosening and facilitates the detachment of individual pieces.

Note: Inflammatory kidney diseases can provoke heavy bleeding with clots during menstruation. These organs are not only responsible for removing excess fluid from the body, but also participate in the synthesis of hormones. The composition and coagulability of blood is also affected by the condition of the liver.

Clots in menstrual blood as a sign of disease

Clots in menstrual flow may be a symptom of pathological processes occurring in the uterus or ovaries.

Endometrial hyperplasia

Abnormal proliferation of mucosal cells in the uterine cavity leads to changes in the structure of connective tissue and glands. The thickness of the epithelial layer increases and its density decreases. Pathology occurs as a result of hormonal changes, trauma to the uterus, congenital anomalies of its development, and metabolic disorders.

Incorrect growth of the endometrium occurs due to the fact that menstruation comes irregularly, lasting less than 3 days. The spent cells are not completely removed from the uterus. New layers grow, the structure of the mucous membrane changes. The loose endometrium is destroyed more quickly, causing dense dark red clots to appear in the blood during menstruation.

Endometriosis

This disease is also associated with the proliferation of the epithelium, but the endometrium not only increases in thickness, but also grows into the tubes and cervix. It may grow into the muscular layer of the uterus (adenomyosis), and subsequently through the outer lining of the uterus into the abdominal cavity.

The characteristic signs of this disease are:

• increased duration of menstruation (10 or more days);
• increased intensity of menstrual flow (more than 150 ml) with large clots;
• presence of intermenstrual bleeding;
• the appearance of brown spotting 3 days before menstruation and for 2-3 days after it;
• increased pain during menstruation;
• the appearance of symptoms of anemia due to increased blood loss.

The disease occurs due to hormonal imbalances. Proliferation occurs at the site of damage to uterine tissue during childbirth and surgery, after infectious and inflammatory processes.

Polyps and cysts in the endometrium

They arise as a result of its improper development. Polyps are easily injured, especially when the endometrium is detached during menstruation. This leads to increased bleeding and the appearance of blood lumps in the discharge.

Uterine fibroids. Malignant tumors

A benign tumor arises in the wall of the uterus and grows towards the uterine cavity, grows in the thickness of the muscle tissue or extends to the outer lining. The uterus stretches, blood circulation and endometrial development are disrupted. In this case, menstruation is irregular, heavy, with dark mucous fibers and lumps.

Irreversible tissue destruction in malignant tumors causes heavy bleeding and large dense clots.

Video: Reasons for heavy periods

Examination of a woman to determine the causes of the pathology

If a woman has signs of pathological menstruation, then first of all, blood clotting is examined and the hemoglobin content is determined in order to determine the degree of anemia. The content of leukocytes can be used to determine the presence or absence of an inflammatory process.

A blood test is performed for hormones and antibodies to infectious agents. If cancer is suspected, an analysis is done for tumor markers.

An ultrasound of the pelvic organs is required. The study allows you to determine the presence of neoplasms and endometrial hyperplasia, to see deviations in the structure and location of the internal genital organs.

To examine the cavity and cervix, an optical device, a hysteroscope, is used, which allows you to examine suspicious areas with special lighting and magnified images.

Tissue biopsy and diagnostic curettage make it possible to accurately determine the nature of the tumors.

Video: Hormone examination for menstrual irregularities