Strengths and weaknesses of character: typology and tips for education. Character Traits: Examples

For those who do not like their own “psychological portrait”, there is consolation: deficiencies in temperament can be compensated for by positive character traits.

It is the understanding that one can change oneself for the better that is the most attractive feature of science.

So, if temperament is an innate personality trait, then a person develops character himself. Every time we perform an action, we strengthen or weaken some of its features.

In this way, even the worst disposition can be corrected.

Regarding temperament, we can only recall that Hippocrates divided it into four types, which are still used today:

1. Phlegmatic people are unhurried and unperturbed;
2. Cholerics are hot-tempered and unbalanced;
3. Melancholic people are impressionable and vulnerable;
4. Sanguine people are lively, active and cheerful.

1. Recording the results

It is better to write down the results of your struggle. You can make a table and record successes and failures there every day. Or do this: mark two cities on a geographical map. One will conditionally indicate your current state, the second will indicate your goal.

Every time you do something to improve your character, put a new point on the path between these cities. And if you miss something, go back to the point.

It seems very interesting in terms of plan. Be sure to read about this great man, whose experience can be of invaluable help to you.

Surely the reader may have a question: do the formation of personality and its individual traits influence?

It is quite difficult to give an unambiguous answer to this question. A certain connection in the inclinations and characteristics of behavior between children and parents can certainly be traced.

However, to claim that “I am like this and I can’t be different, because this is my mom or dad”, for an adult, at least not serious.

It is believed that it is impossible to change temperament, but character traits are within the power of anyone. You just need to have the determination to do this.

Accentuation of character

Accentuation of character is a character trait that is within the clinical norm, in which individual character traits are excessively enhanced, as a result of which selective vulnerability to certain psychogenic influences is revealed while maintaining good resistance to others.

The definition of accentuation may seem a little complicated to you, but in fact it is quite simple.

The word “accentuation” itself (from the Latin accentus - emphasis) means a pronounced emphasis on something.

In other words, this feature consists in the fact that some character traits are unusually developed, which causes the inferiority of other, less developed traits.

Probably everyone has seen how small children, at the sight of strangers, warm up to some and begin to smile, but at the sight of others they frown and run away.

This is due to the fact that facial features are very closely related to our character traits. Children intuitively feel this, “scanning” the face of a stranger.

Yes, and adults, on a deeply subconscious level, can “feel” whether a person in front of them is good or bad. This also happens because our brain can “read” information from the characteristic features of a person’s face.

It is important to understand that a person’s character largely determines how his life will turn out and whether he will achieve success.

The 19th century English writer William Thackeray wrote:

“Sow an action and you will reap a habit; sow a habit and you will reap a character; sow a character and you will reap a destiny.”

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Each person has a unique set of qualities that define his personality. I wonder what character traits there are, what types of qualities there are and how they influence a person’s character?

What are the character traits?

Why bother understanding what character traits exist? In order to be able to determine the type of character of the interlocutor. And knowing what type of character a person has, it is easier to predict his actions, and this will help to avoid various unpleasant situations.

Even without being familiar with the topic, you can name many character traits, but how can you understand which of them are defining for a particular person? In psychology, there are concepts of leading and secondary character traits. That is, not every trait will manifest itself with equal force in a person’s behavior. For example, a truth-loving and fearful person will constantly endure ridicule from others, privately reasoning with himself how wrong they are if his fearfulness is the leading one. But if the love of truth prevails, then he will tell everyone who they really are, deep down fearing the consequences.

Therefore, character traits are classified in relation to different aspects of life.

1. Attitude towards other people: rudeness, truthfulness, tactfulness, deceit, isolation, sociability, friendliness.
2. Attitude to work: conscientiousness, responsibility, hard work, laziness.
3. Attitude towards oneself: narcissism, self-criticism, modesty, pride, self-confidence.
4. Attitudes towards property: greed, frugality, generosity, wastefulness, sloppiness, neatness.

The main group is the attitude towards other people, because it is in society that the main character traits are formed; without assessing behavior with other people, a person’s character cannot be understood. If a person has overly developed certain character traits, then this is called accentuation.

What kind of character does a person have with accentuation?

The most well-known division is into introverts and extroverts, reserved and sociable people, respectively. But there is also such a classification of the types of human character with accentuation.

4 types of character

Figuring out what kind of character a person has is not easy, because there are many classifications. From school we know the concepts of choleric, sanguine, melancholic, phlegmatic - these are types of temperament, but they are often confused with types of human character. Temperament really has a huge impact on character. Therefore, in order to understand what types of character there are, it is imperative to take into account a person’s temperament.

As Victor Hugo used to say, a person has three characters: one is attributed to him by his environment, another he attributes to himself, and the third is real, objective.

There are more than five hundred human character traits, and not all of them are clearly positive or negative; much depends on the context.

Therefore, any personality that has collected certain qualities in individual proportions is unique.

A person’s character is a specific, unique combination of personal, ordered psychological traits, characteristics, and nuances. It is formed, however, throughout life and manifests itself during work and social interaction.

Soberly assessing and describing the character of the chosen person is not an easy task. After all, not all of its properties are demonstrated to the environment: some features (good and bad) remain in the shadows. And we seem to ourselves to be somewhat different than what we see in the mirror.

Is it possible? Yes, there is a version that this is possible. Through long efforts and training, you are able to assign yourself the qualities you love, becoming a little better.

A person's character is manifested in actions, in social behavior. It is visible in a person’s attitude to work, to things, to other people and in her self-esteem.

In addition, character qualities are divided into groups - “volitional”, “emotional”, “intellectual” and “social”.

We are not born with specific traits, but acquire them through the process of upbringing, education, exploration of the environment, and so on. Of course, the genotype also influences the formation of character: the apple often falls extremely close to the apple tree.

At its core, character is close to temperament, but they are not the same thing.

In order to relatively soberly assess yourself and your role in society, psychologists advise writing down your positive, neutral and negative traits on a piece of paper and analyzing them.

Try to do this too, you will find examples of character traits below.

Positive character traits (list)

Negative character traits (list)

At the same time, some qualities are difficult to classify as good or bad, and they cannot be called neutral. So, any mother wants her daughter to be shy, silent and bashful, but is this beneficial for the girl?

Again, a dreamy person may be cute, but completely unlucky because he always has his head in the clouds. An assertive individual looks stubborn to some, but obnoxious and pushy to others.

Is it bad to be gambling and carefree? How far has cunning gone from wisdom and resourcefulness? Do ambition, ambition, and determination lead to success or to loneliness? It will probably depend on the situation and context.

And what you want to be, you decide for yourself!

Each person has a unique set of personality traits. Another way to call it is character. How and when its formation is determined, and what it is like, depends on many reasons, which will be discussed below.

All the people we meet in our lives differ in their lifestyle, thinking, and behavior. These differences are largely determined by character - that is, by the totality of mental properties. Personal qualities determine almost everything that will happen in the personal life of an individual, in his relationships with other people. Mental properties make it possible to predict many human actions. But in order to say that a person has this or that character, one must always keep in mind that certain features of his psyche must be constant and not depend on the situation.

We react differently to different situations and display different character traits. It also happens that in different situations a person demonstrates the same type of behavior, regardless of its consequences. If any traits become dominant and play an increasingly important role in behavior and relationships, then they speak of character accentuations. This is the norm, but it is an extreme, borderline version. Under certain, often negative, circumstances, accentuation degenerates into a personality disorder.

Character is the totality of all the mental and spiritual properties of a person, revealed in his behavior.

Accentuation of character is an extreme version of the norm, in which certain character traits are overly enhanced, as a result of which selective vulnerability to a certain kind of psychogenic influences is revealed, with good resistance to others.

How is character formed?

Some personality traits appear in a person from birth, for example, sociability or isolation. From the first days of life, a baby can catch his mother’s gaze, coo, turning to her, demand to be picked up, love to be surrounded by people. Or vice versa, the child may feel comfortable alone. Character develops in the first years of life, acquiring certain features by the age of three to five.

In many ways, it is genetic; children often inherit certain traits of their parents; many personality traits are determined by lifestyle, social conditions, and life circumstances. But the main thing that influences the formation of character is being in a team, communication with other people.

The first collective is the family, it is in it that the initially inherent personality traits begin to develop or be suppressed. The formation of character occurs during the school and teenage years, when a person is not just in a group (most often he joins it already in early childhood), but learns to build relationships with people. Based on what values ​​the particular group to which the individual belongs professes, he will develop certain character traits. It turns out that the character of a person develops throughout his life changing depending on life situations.

Classification and list of character traits

In modern psychology, four groups are defined into which the properties of the psyche can be combined:

As a man relates to other people(character traits such as respect - contempt, sociability - isolation, responsiveness - callousness);

As a man applies to his business, to work (responsibility - irresponsibility, hard work - laziness, accuracy - dishonesty, a tendency to creativity - a tendency to routine, initiative - passivity);

As a man refers to oneself(self-criticism - vanity, self-esteem - conceit, modesty - arrogance, etc.);

As a man refers to things(careful handling - careless handling, neatness - sloppiness).

Groups of character traits are combined in different ways and manifest themselves in different ways, but scientists have long tried to derive a typology of human characters. For example, based on physique, constitution. German psychologist Ernest Kretschmer identified three types of character that correspond to one or another body type:

1. Asthenics (schizothymics) are thin, with long limbs. The predominant character traits are seriousness, isolation, stubbornness.
2. Athletics (ixothymics) - tall, with developed muscles, skeleton, proportional build (calmness, authority, practicality, restraint).
3. Picnics (cyclothymics) are of average height or short, with short limbs, plump or prone to obesity, with a large head (sociability, emotionality, sensitivity).

An introvert is a person directed inward. He lives in his own inner world and is little interested in external events.

An extrovert is directed outward, he lives by events, not experiences, actions, not thoughts. They behave differently: the introvert wears practical, discreet clothes, the extrovert wears bright, decorative clothes. An introvert is more likely to avoid social interaction, while an extrovert seeks it out.

Such a branch of psychological science as socionics even distributes human types, their characters according to their similarity to famous people (there is the personality type “Napoleon”, “Dostoevsky”, “Huxley” and many others), each of which has such a mental function, like logic, ethics, sensory and intuition.

Strong and weak character

There has long been such a definition of a person as “spineless.” What does it mean?

In situations that require overcoming and struggle, some people show persistence in achieving their goals over and over again, while others stop fighting all the time. For the former, character is fueled by will, that is, firmness and constancy in achieving the goal. The latter do not have such firmness, there is no internal core that leads to the goal. The first character can be called strong, the second - weak. People with strong character get what you want more often achieve more than those with weak character.

Is it possible to “cultivate” a strong character?

Since he's in to a large extent is based on temperament, that is, on the characteristics nervous system, it all depends on what kind of temperament a person has. A phlegmatic person, with his slowness and low reaction speed, finds it more difficult, say, to become sociable. While it is difficult for a sanguine person to do routine, monotonous, but important things. Changing character traits requires a lot of work on oneself, it is possible, but, as a rule, a person begins only when he is strongly motivated: for example, a big goal has appeared in his life, or his character changes under the influence of strong love.

Character is the leader, but not the only characteristic of a person. There is also the mind and actions by which a person is judged. And then the one who is called weak-willed does good deeds or makes an intellectual breakthrough, which, ultimately, has greater significance for society.

χαρακτηρ - sign, distinctive feature, sign) - the structure of persistent, relatively permanent mental properties that determine the characteristics of the relationships and behavior of an individual. When they talk about character, they usually mean just such a set of properties and qualities of a person that leave a certain stamp on all its manifestations and actions. Character traits constitute those essential properties of a person that determine a particular way of behavior or way of life.

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