Hatching program for older children. Hatching for preschoolers
Copybooks— special albums and manuals for training the correct writing of letters and preparing a preschooler’s hand for writing. If earlier we, parents, only knew copybooks at school (these were notebooks in which first-graders learned to write letters accurately), now you can find special copybooks for toddlers and preschoolers. Copybooks for children: figures, numbers, letters teach kids to write beautifully and train their hand.
There are recipes that are intended for a certain age of the child. On store shelves you can find recipes for children 3-4 or 5-6 years old.
In this article, I have prepared for you sets of copybooks that you can download for free and print out yourself. You can save the pictures you need and give your child a new copy sheet every day.
Recipes for kids
Do you think that copybooks are only for preparing for school? This is not entirely true. Young children can trace simple pictures or large letters along the outline or dotted line. These are recipes for kids. There is almost no text in such copybooks, because the child cannot read yet. But they are very large, and the pictures are funny. Why not invite your child to trace the dots around the cheerful cockerel or color the duckling.
DOWNLOAD COOPERATIONS FOR KIDS
Children 4-5 years old can be invited to play with graphic tracks- these are also a kind of copybook. In such copybooks you will not find numbers or letters; they are still difficult for a child. But tasks on logic or precision of movements will be required. By tracing figures, drawing curved and straight lines, the child masters a pen or pencil, learns to press and draw without taking his hands off the paper.
Among the copybooks for kids, a special group of copybooks can be distinguished - these are shading. They are drawings that need to be filled in with straight or dotted lines, depending on the task.
Recipes for children 5-6 years old
For children 5-6 years old, the copybooks will have more complex tasks. They include printed and written letters, as well as sticks, hooks and other parts from which written letters are constructed. But the dotted lines in these copybooks remain. The child traces the letters using them, learns to draw a line evenly and without interruption. It is better to trace the letters in the copybooks with a good pen, because when working with a pencil, the child may press too hard on the pencil, and this will tire the hand.
Using such copybooks, the child will not only become familiar with the letters of the Russian alphabet, but will also begin to remember them better, and will also learn how to write them in writing. Numbers are also often found in copybooks for preschoolers. A preschooler gets acquainted with numbers and counting.
DOWNLOAD CAPITAL LETTERS
Recipes for children 5-6 years old can be divided into:
- copybook ALPHABET,
- copybook NUMBERS.
DOWNLOAD CRYSTAL NUMBERS
Copybooks for schoolchildren
In order for a child to learn to write beautifully, and for his handwriting to be preserved and not spoiled, you need to practice a lot. At school, teachers do not attach much importance to correct hand positioning when writing and handwriting.
Preparing your hand for writing: shading for children
But parents can try to work with their child themselves using special recipes for schoolchildren.
Calligraphy writing is a good skill that every child can develop. Download and print the copybooks and practice with your student in writing beautiful letters. IN
Please note that there are no pictures or shading in these copybooks. Basically, these copybooks are aimed at training good, beautiful handwriting.
DOWNLOAD WRITINGS BY RULERS
During classes, pay attention to how the student holds the pen and how he draws lines. Make sure your child writes the letters without taking them off the paper. Don't scold your child if he can't write beautiful letters right away. Make sure that the child starts writing the letter from the right point, and not the way he likes. For example, they begin to write the capital letter P from bottom to top. Keep an eye on this. Now many copybooks even have arrows and dots - guidelines for children. Show them these arrows and explain what they are for.
I hope the copybooks will help your child learn to write beautifully and correctly!
Method “Reproduce drawings”
This technique is intended for children aged 3 to 4 years.
Cards for preparing for school "Shading"
Her task is to reproduce the pictures shown in the same figure on the left in the special empty squares shown on the right in Figure 7. To do this, the child is given a dark-colored felt-tip pen and rice. 7 accompanied by the next instructions: “On the right, in the empty cells, you need to draw exactly the same figures that are on the left. You need to do this as carefully as possible, evenly shading all parts where there are Dark fields, without leaving empty areas and without going beyond the specified contour.”
5 minutes are allotted to complete the task.
Evaluation of results
| 10 points | – the child completed the entire task in 5 minutes, i.e. drew all six figures in empty matrices. At the same time, in none of the figures were there any empty, unhatched areas left in those places where the shading should have been continuous, and the contours of the figures went beyond the specified samples by no more than 1 mm |
| 8-9 points | – the child completed the task in 5 minutes. At the same time, in each figure no more than one or two areas remained unshaded, and the contours of the executed figures differed by no more than 1 mm from the originals. |
| 5-7 points | – the child completed the task in 5 minutes, but his work has at least one of the following shortcomings; almost every figure has 3 to 4 unshaded areas; the contours of some figures differ from the originals by up to 1.5 mm |
| 4-6 points | – the child was able to shade 4-5 figures out of six in 5 minutes, and each of them contains at least one of the following defects; at least one fifth of its area remains unshaded; the contours of some figures differ from the originals by up to 2 mm |
| 2-3 points | – the child was able to shade only 2-3 figures in 5 minutes, and in each of them at least one of the following flaws can be found, at least one fifth of it remains unshaded, the contours of some figures differ from the originals by up to 2 mm |
| 0-1 point | – the child was able to shade no more than one figure in 5 minutes, and it has at least one of the following shortcomings; the area of the figure is at least one quarter unshaded; the contours of some figures differ from the originals by up to 3 mm |
Picture for the method
Search Lectures
Rules for preparing your hand for writing
Learning to write should begin during the period of development of the mental functions of a preschooler. By being late in teaching, teachers lose the opportunity to guide children's development along the right path and regulate this process. The most effective use of a child’s rich potential is possible only when the period of special sensitivity to the assimilation of this or that material in his development has not yet passed.
At the first stage of learning, children most often experience difficulties with writing: the hand quickly gets tired, the working line is lost, letters cannot be written correctly, mirror writing is often encountered, the child does not distinguish between the concepts of “left”, “right”, “sheet”, “line” , "page", does not fit into the overall pace of work.
These difficulties are caused by weakness of fine motor skills of the fingers and insufficient development of skills of visual-motor coordination, voluntary attention, analytical perception, and auditory attention.
All this negatively affects children’s assimilation of the first grade curriculum and necessitates the organization of special classes in kindergarten, the purpose of which is to prepare the child’s hand for writing.
Preparing a preschooler's hand for writing includes:
— Development of fine motor skills of a child’s hand.
— Development of auditory attention.
— Development of graphic reproduction.
To achieve the goal, you need to set the following tasks:
Educational: Development of finely coordinated hand movements. Development of auditory attention and graphic reproduction.
Developmental: Development of graphic movements, visual perception, hand-eye coordination.
Educational: Developing diligence, accuracy, independence and confidence in one’s skills.
Drawing by cells based on auditory perception.
This work involves a system of techniques and tasks from simple to complex. Taking into account the age characteristics of older preschoolers, the characteristics of auditory and visual perception, classes are conducted in a large-checked notebook. The cell provides great opportunities for the development of fine motor skills and basic graphic writing skills, since drawing on the cells requires small and precise movements, and also develops the ability to navigate in space.
At the first stage, the child gets acquainted with a checkered notebook, a working line, then learns to perform tasks in a limited space-cage, improves the ability to measure using a conventional yardstick-cage.
Subsequently, the tasks will become more complex; we gradually move on to complex auditory dictations after the children have already formed sufficiently clear spatial references and they can freely perceive auditory tasks. Tasks can be completed with various materials: ballpoint pen, felt-tip pen, simple or colored pencils.
Preparing your hands directly for writing.
Developing correct posture, tilting the notebook on the desk and the ability to hold a pencil and pen when writing and drawing. Preparatory exercises for the development of the eye, hand and small muscles of the fingers: tracing and shading contours, connecting lines and shapes, drawing and coloring patterns and borders with a continuous movement of the hand.
Recipes for downloading
Mastering the stitch.
Writing the elements of letters: a straight slanted short stick, a straight slanted long stick, a stick with a rounded bottom, a long stick with a loop, a stick with a rounded top and bottom, a semi-oval and an oval.
Finger gymnastics.
Scientists have come to the conclusion that the formation of speech areas occurs under the influence of kinesthetic impulses from the hands, or more precisely from the fingers. It is necessary to stimulate children's speech development by training finger movements. By performing various exercises with his fingers, the child achieves good development of fine motor skills, which not only has a beneficial effect on the development of speech, but also prepares the child for drawing and writing. The hands acquire good mobility and flexibility, and stiffness of movements disappears, which will facilitate the acquisition of writing skills in the future. "Finger games" are very emotional and exciting. They seem to reflect the reality of the surrounding world - objects, animals, people, their activities, natural phenomena. During “finger games,” children, repeating the movements of adults, activate hand motor skills. This develops dexterity, the ability to control one’s movements, and concentrate attention on one type of activity.
“Finger games” are the staging of any rhymed stories or fairy tales using the fingers. Many games require the participation of both hands, which allows children to navigate the concepts of “right”, “left”, “up”, “down”, etc.
Graphic exercises. Hatching.
Doing graphic exercises and shading helps prepare your hand for writing. The development of fine motor skills is determined not only by the clarity and beauty of the lines, but also by ease and freedom: hand movements should not be constrained or tense. Correctly maintaining graphic proportions, writing smoothly and symmetrically is important for developing beautiful and clear handwriting. The child should try not to lift the pen from the paper and not interrupt the lines. When drawing straight lines, the clarity of handwriting and the confidence of hand movement are clearly visible. The ability to freely draw smooth lines from left to right is important when developing handwriting. The ability to write with a top-down and bottom-up slant is necessary when developing handwriting. Graphic exercises also contribute to the development of precision of movements, attention and control over one’s own actions.
Hatching is one of the most important exercises. By mastering the mechanics of writing, children develop such confidence in strokes that when they start writing in notebooks, they will do it like someone who has written a lot.
Hatching rules:
Hatch only in the specified direction.
Do not go beyond the contours of the figure.
Keep the lines parallel.
Do not bring the strokes closer together; the distance between them should be 0.5 cm.
When performing various exercises to prepare for writing, the child and the teacher must constantly remember and observe the hygienic rules of writing, bringing their implementation to automatism. Compliance with hygiene rules will help the child in the future to overcome the difficulties of the technical side of writing.
Cutting with scissors.
It is necessary to pay special attention to mastering the basic cutting techniques - straight cutting skills, the ability to cut out various shapes (rectangular, oval, round). The goal is to bring children to a general understanding of how to cut out any objects. When explaining the task, it is necessary to teach children not only to passively assimilate the cutting process, but also to encourage them to verbally describe the movements of an adult’s hands when showing cutting methods. When creating symmetrical shapes when folding accordion-folded paper, children must learn that they are not cutting out a whole shape, but half of it.
Older preschoolers begin to master silhouette cutting skills without preliminary drawing or preparing a contour line. When teaching silhouette cutting, the technique of tracing the outline of an object in the air is successfully used. The development of the ability to “see” an object in the air is facilitated by systematically played games “Guess what I’m drawing?”, “Guess, I’ll guess.” Before you start cutting out the silhouette, you should think about where, from what angle, in which direction of the sheet to direct the scissors, i.e. learn to plan the upcoming action.
The ability to confidently use scissors plays a special role in the development of manual skills. This is difficult for preschoolers and requires coordination of movements. Symmetrical cutting, cutting out various figures from old postcards and magazines is a useful and exciting activity for future first-graders.
Also, in daily work, to develop children’s fine motor skills, the following games and activities should be provided:
·Sets of small toys for the development of tactile perception (recognition of objects by touch).
·Mosaic of increasing complexity.
·Colored balls for rewinding.
· Stringing of beads, beads, buttons.
·Plates with a rolled layer of plasticine for laying out patterns of buttons, pebbles and other small objects.
·Plastic and wooden sticks for laying out patterns according to the sample.
· Modeling from clay, plasticine and salt dough.
· A set of children's expanders (for training the muscles of the hand).
· Sets of rings of different sizes for stringing them onto a rod.
· All kinds of lacing.
· Sets of plastic templates for tracing (wild and domestic animals, insects, vegetables and fruits, etc.).
©2015-2018 poisk-ru.ru
All rights belong to their authors. This site does not claim authorship, but provides free use.
Copyright Infringement and Personal Data Violation
How to learn to lay out a stroke according to the shape of an object
How to learn how to lay a stroke on the shape of an object - we will improve our pencil skills and learn to create a drawing of geometric shapes, creating their volume. We have a cube, a ball, a cone and a cylinder in our arsenal.
Our work will be divided into two parts. The first part is we draw according to the idea. Perhaps you have layouts of these figures, if not, then you can look at the page on how to make a layout of geometric figures and, in fact, make them, but we will start with something else. We'll start by understanding, analyzing the form first without layouts. You can first create them and sometimes look at them when drawing, but the main thing now is to learn to analyze, to think logically, all your work now is to think, without nature, to learn to convey the shape of these basic figures. Initially, the work takes place in the head, and not in front of the eyes. Right?
The second part - we will draw from life, but just like in the first case, we do not cling too much to nature, but first of all we think and analyze ourselves, and now we test ourselves with what nature shows us.
So, first part. You can draw on A3 format. We take whatman paper, a pencil and draw a figure; it’s also a good idea to use knowledge of perspective when constructing it. And then you begin to “lay” the stroke on the shape, sculpting the volume of the figure with the help of your mind and a pencil.
We already know that chiaroscuro is distributed across the shape of an object, creating tonal gradations, or zones. For now, let's take the three main ones - light, penumbra and shadow. We limit ourselves to only figures, without using all the space.
Let's draw a cube. Avoiding mistakes. In the picture on the left I have a strong perspective, too much, don’t do that. Here it is enough to convey it quite a bit, slightly distorting the shape. Look at the picture on the right. Do you see the difference between the front wall and the back? It's enough. We use sizes that are not so large, so that we transform small forms into architecture.
Let's talk about light transmission. Light, shadow and penumbra are shown.
But don’t forget about the golden rule - as light moves away according to the shape of an object, it darkens, while the shadow brightens. Look: the light, moving into perspective, slightly loses its brightness, add a little shading there. And now penumbra and shadow, the same picture, but in reverse order. As the shadow moves away, it weakens and brightens slightly. But all the same, the overall tone of the shadow will never be lighter than the overall tone of the light, and the penumbra also does not break out of its tonal boundaries. Everything is in its place.
Let’s also look at how we taught from our first lesson, see the basics of drawing, we don’t forget about that now. We highlight the corners and edges closest to us and place emphasis on them. The near edge and corners are accentuated, which is what takes the main attention, everything else smoothly goes into space. But here this space does not need to be transferred much, since our distances are, in principle, small.
Note: to determine the overall tone, squint your eyes a little. The sharpness will decrease and you will be able to see everything in general. And don’t look at your work head-on; move it away from you more often, diffuse your vision, and don’t get caught up in the details.
And then the rest of the figures. These figures, in general, are quite streamlined and rounded, so we notice the following:
Let's say the first ball in the row is. The emphasis on it here is the shadow and it will be strongest in the place where the ball is closest to us. I don’t have accents at the edges, since there the shape goes into space - take this point into account when drawing a streamlined shape.
The same is true with a cylinder and a cone. Where the form begins to wrap up and goes into space, there is no need to place emphasis. But where the shape needs to be emphasized is where the shape breaks and where it will be closest to our eyes.
Pay attention to the cone - its lower part is closer to us than the top. This means that the lower part of it will be transmitted stronger, and rising to the top weaker - look at the shadow, at the bottom it is stronger, while rising upward it loses its activity. Don't make it the same tone over the entire height. These quantities here are not huge, but they still exist, otherwise the conditional space cannot be correctly conveyed.
I draw your attention to the shading. This is something that is a 100% stroke that fits the form. Despite the fact that it is somewhat monotonous and boring, it is very useful in terms of learning. It teaches discipline, concentration, how to make straight lines and simply clean execution. I recommend doing this work using this particular stroke, just try to “sculpt” the shape of a geometric figure, feel with your hands and eyes its entire volume and how its shape “lives” in space. It’s written strangely, but I try to convey to you as vividly as possible the beauty of this exercise. And we’ll talk about the strokes that should fit the shape of the object and which ones they are not.
And don't worry if things don't work out. No one is immune from mistakes, and there can be many of them, and nothing in the world is perfect. But each of us has the opportunity to try again in order to do even better.
How to draw geometric shapes
How to draw geometric shapes - now let's try to draw geometric shapes with surroundings. Let's envelop them in air and draw them in space. Let's take the main ones:
Let the cylinder go first. We place the cylinder on the object plane - table, set the lighting so that the shadow from the figure falls beautifully on the object plane, is neither very stretched nor small - it is harmonious and emphasizes the volume of the figure.
Stretch the paper over the tablet to create a clean design. Take a tablet size 30-40, it’s quite enough for this kind of work.
Now we need to arrange our cylinder in the plane of the sheet, find its harmonious place in the space of the sheet, taking into account the shadows, of course. Use your eye to find proportions and back it up with a sense of linear perspective.
Be sure to convey the object plane. Our figure does not “float” in space, it is on the object plane!
When constructing a figure, be sure to show the invisible edges, show how to build the construction lines. You need this more than the viewer. Place accents where necessary, show the intersection of planes. Don't forget about perspective. If you noticed, the lower plane of the cylinder is visible to us more than the upper one, this is correct, since the horizon line (at least for me, it may be different for you) gives such an overview.
Look at how the shadow is constructed - it can be conveyed correctly using construction lines. Figuratively: rays come from the light source, which are divided into two types, one illuminates the figure, stops at it, therefore there will be no light beyond the figure. And the rays of light that do not fall on the figure go further, illuminating everything in their path.
Hatching - exercises for children
And we can show you this border. And one more thing: the shadow, moving away from the figure, will tend to increase slightly; this resembles reverse perspective. Do you understand why? If you direct the rays in the opposite direction, then the shadow construction lines will converge at one point - the point from which the light comes.
This is roughly what you should get. Further, in principle, we no longer need nature, since everything can be analyzed independently. Turn on analytical thinking and reason logically. But still, let's look further:
The figure shows that the light falls from the side and from above. This means that the upper plane of the cylinder will be illuminated most of all, and the light will also fall on the object plane, since it, like the plane of the cylinder, is horizontal. Vertical planes - the wall and the break of the object plane, as well as the volume of the cylinder itself will receive less illumination, since they do not receive the incident main light.
Further: we do not make the object plane black; in this case, the corner of the object plane receives enough light so that the shadow is not the most active here. But it is still necessary to highlight its object plane. This is achieved by highlighting the angle of the object plane.
Next: our subject plane receives the main light, but we need to show that it is horizontal. And we know that as the light moves away it goes out and gets weaker. The farther the object plane goes from us, the weaker its light will be - we lay out the stroke in this way.
Now we need to deal with that part of the cylinder that will be in the shadow. Our cylinder is located vertically to the object plane, which means the main light will fall on its horizontal upper plane. Everything else is in shadow, with the exception of the area where the light glides across the form, since the light falls not exactly from above, but slightly from the side; this area is highlighted as the lightest on its vertical plane. The general shadow of the cylinder is more active than the wall, since the cylinder has an active shadow of its own and is closer to us, even though the wall is also located vertically.
The wall will be darker than the object plane, because it is vertical, which means there will be less light here, and because it will be farthest away, it will be in the background. Let's lay out the stroke like this.
The falling shadow of the figure will be the most active, but it also lies on the object plane, and therefore, as it moves away from it, it will become slightly weaker.
Well, it remains to place accents where necessary - the breaks in the forms that will be located closer to us will be accentuated.
If at first the hand does not obey, it is difficult to hold the pencil and it is difficult to lay out a stroke according to the shape, and it is difficult to clearly define the shape itself with a stroke, then there is an opportunity to work as shown in the figure on the left.
Lightly outline the kinks of the shape. That is: let’s say you know how light is distributed according to the shape of an object. You know that there are five of these zones: highlight, light, penumbra, shadow and reflex. This is all accurate, but conditional. To better convey the volume of a figure, you can outline as many breaks as you like, and the more there are, the softer the volume of the figure will be shown. Visually divide the figure into these zones and apply a regular straight stroke, but in such a way as to sculpt the volume, use the frequency of the stitch-stroke or the pressure of the pencil.
Here I ask you not to confuse two concepts: how the light is distributed over the shape of the object and how the stroke is laid out over the shape of the object. In the first case, we have 5 zones, in the second, we can outline as many zones and shape breaks as you need. But don’t scribble, all auxiliary lines should be inconspicuous.
Note: If you may have noticed by looking at this drawing, you will see that on the more illuminated side of the cone, the wall in the background is darker, and on the other, less illuminated side of the cone, the wall is lighter.
The fact is that the wall is the same in both places, but that’s how our eyes see it. For a keen sense of reality, for the best accent of light and shadow, for the harmonious perception of the drawing by our eyes, and in the end, let’s make our eyes pleasant! Let him see in the drawing what he sees in nature. This is just a slight nuance that will only enrich our drawing and can be unobtrusively conveyed.
Addition: see how the shadow of the cone is constructed.
Next, let's draw a ball. You can see the formation on the left. Notice how the shadow of the figure is constructed. We have already dealt with the falling one, sort of: we determine it with the help of an eye and reinforce the perspective with knowledge. Do not forget that the shadow falls on the object plane - this must be conveyed and understood.
But what about your own shadow? Interestingly, if you draw lines from the point of illumination to the center of the ball through which the diameter passes, which forms the circle of the shadow, then this diameter will be perpendicular to the line drawn to the point of illumination. If you understand this, then how to lay out a stroke in the shape of a ball in order to show your own shadow is not at all difficult.
Now I was getting a little bored with drawing in one manner and wanted to experiment. Look at the work on the right. Do you think it was done with shading? Does not look like it. It is made with a tonal spot using pencils of varying degrees of softness. If you take pencils with a solid lead, without a wooden frame, and just draw the tone on the paper, rather than shading, then you will also get a drawing like this.
What else is wrong with us, besides execution technique? The light is there, the shadows too, which means everything is in order.
But still, let’s take a closer look. The brightest light will be on the illuminated side of the ball; on the plane it will not be so active and will weaken with distance from us. The darkest shadow will be falling; at the break of the object plane there will be a little more light, but nevertheless, we will emphasize this area.
Look at the ball's own shadow - I put emphasis on the area of it that will be closer to us, and as it wraps itself in shape, the shadow will lose activity. Remember: a ball is a streamlined shape.
The wall is in partial shade, and in the background, so let it remain there unobtrusively. The only thing is that it will “play” with the volume of the ball. From the light side the wall will appear somewhat darker, from the shadow side it will appear lighter. Let's please our eyes here too ;)
How to learn to lay out a stroke according to the shape of an object. Hatching
Here we gradually come to what we already talked about at the very beginning of this page. How a stroke fits the shape of an object and which stroke is not. The fact is that each draftsman, in the process of work or study, develops his own specific style of stroke. Of course, there are canons, different historical times have their own canons of drawing and stroke, but it is not at all necessary to adhere to them. Optional. I believe that if with the help of a stroke you can convey the volume of a figure and the space itself in a sheet, then it makes absolutely no difference what this stroke represents. The main thing is that everything is done correctly and beautifully. Simply put, don’t make straw, learn to draw beautifully. This also applies to the stroke. On this page we learned how to make a stroke, let's continue a little more.
For example, this is how I draw a cube that we still have not drawn.
1. Determine the place of the figure in the sheet
2. We place the figure on the object plane and find its structure and its shadow, not forgetting to take into account the perspective
3. Determine the place of light and shadow - add a light touch. This gives us the opportunity to immediately determine the distribution of light and shadow in our drawing, to separate them
If you look at the stroke that is used to complete the work, it is quite unusual, right? It’s better not to resort to such a touch in drawing lessons; don’t scare the teachers, they don’t have the same modern progressive views as you. But you can use such a touch in your creative works, why not? After all, the drawing was made according to all laws. The space in the sheet is conveyed, the shape of the object is shown, and the basic tonal relationships in our drawing are conveyed. But to this we also added a touch that makes the work interesting and airy. Well, then again, let’s analyze the drawing and analyze:
Let's go over the basic tonal relationships, first through the shadows: the darkest shadow is the falling shadow, followed by the cube's own shadow. The fracture of the object plane takes third place; we highlight it, but do not blacken it, since there is enough light there. And the fourth is the wall, which also receives light; we can say that the wall is in partial shade, but farthest away. See how the penumbra of the wall plays with the shape of the cube: on the side of the illuminated part of the cube the wall is darker, on the side of the shadow it becomes lighter. These gradations may be very small, but they are present.
Next, we analyze the light: the lightest and most illuminated part will be the top plane of the cube, the second lightest is the object plane, which is horizontally in front of us and loses light as it goes into space.
We focus on the breaks in shapes. We highlight the closest edges of the cube and the corners; this will help to pull it out of the space in front.
And don’t forget - as the light moves away it darkens and goes out, the shadow moves away and loses its activity and becomes somewhat lighter, but we take into account the golden rule: the darkest half-tone in the light is lighter than the lightest half-tone in the shadow.
Lastly, if you decide to experiment with shading. Just as the tonality of light and shadow, which we convey in the space of the sheet, varies, so the stroke can change its shape - play with the size of the stroke. The wall is made with a stroke of a medium stitch, quite static. The cube is made with small and active strokes, giving the cube dynamics. And the object plane is made with long stitches, rather trivial and uninteresting. So, even a stroke helps to identify the main character in the picture - the cube, which is made with the most dynamic stroke, attracting attention, in my opinion. What do you think?
Try to do something of your own, experiment, then the simplest work will be done with pleasure, great attention and great interest. And when you are sitting, doing work, for example, trying to put an even stroke on a form, and even succeeding, and at the same time you begin to notice that your breath stops from concentrating on your attention, and at these very moments you feel the whole limit of the drawing and get unspeakable pleasure.
You are in the category of coloring pages Hatching for children. The coloring book you are considering is described by our visitors as follows: "" Here you will find many coloring pages online. You can download Hatching coloring pages for children and also print them for free. As you know, creative activities play a huge role in the development of a child. They activate mental activity, form aesthetic taste and instill a love of art. The process of coloring pictures on the topic of Hatching for children develops fine motor skills, perseverance and accuracy, helps to learn more about the world around them, and introduces them to all the variety of colors and shades. Every day we add new free coloring pages for boys and girls to our website, which you can color online or download and print. A convenient catalog, compiled by category, will make it easier to find the desired picture, and a large selection of coloring books will allow you to find a new interesting topic for coloring every day.Elena Shchedrova
What's happened hatch? This is a line, a feature that can be short and long, slanted and even, barely noticeable and bright, wavy and moving in a circle. With help stroke you can talk about the nature of the object, the properties of the material; convey not only lightness, airiness, softness, smoothness, tenderness, but also heaviness, gloominess, harshness, aggressiveness, and most importantly - to reveal the image of the hero, his attitude to the environment.
Get started draw with a stroke from a small spot. Leave a small gap around the spot and move circle stroke. Then draw the second row strokes, followed by the third, fourth. And so on, row by row, until you get a ball of the required size. The second ball is smaller in size and can be located either directly in relation to the axis or at different angles to it. These two balls are the basis of all future images.
Options drawing ears:
Options drawing tails:
And these are the samples drawing animals:
Can paint with a simple pencil or gel pen.
Source: V. A. Grek “I draw stroke", Minsk, "Skarina", 1992.
Hatching for preschoolers
Simple games and exercises for developing fine motor skills of preschoolers
“The hand is the tool of all tools” (Aristotle)
Fine motor skills of the hands interact with such higher properties of consciousness as attention, thinking, optical-spatial perception (coordination, imagination, observation, visual and motor memory, speech. The development of fine motor skills is also important because the child’s entire future life will require the use of precise, coordinated movements of the hands and fingers, which are necessary to dress, draw and write, as well as perform a wide variety of everyday and educational activities.
One of the skills that must be developed by the time a child goes to school is the development of precise movements (fine motor skills).
Primary school teachers constantly note that the biggest problem for many children is their unprepared hand for writing. What is the reason for graphical unpreparedness for learning to write? There are two reasons:
- Insufficient development of small arm muscles (“physiological unreadiness”)
- Lack of skill in performing graphic movements (“psychological unpreparedness”)
In order for a child to write beautifully and accurately, it is necessary to develop coordinated movements of the small muscles that make up the hand. The writing technique requires coordinated work of the small muscles of the hand and the entire arm, as well as well-developed visual perception and voluntary attention. Lack of preparation for writing, insufficient development of fine motor skills, visual perception, and attention can lead to a negative attitude toward learning and an anxious state in the child at school.
Parents should be wary if their child actively turns a sheet of paper when drawing or coloring. In this case, the child replaces the ability to change the direction of the line with the help of subtle finger movements by turning the sheet.
The whole set of exercises for the development of fine motor skills can be divided into three parts:
Finger gymnastics;
Exercises for fingers and hands using various objects;
Practicing graphic skills.
Preparing the hand for writing begins long before the child enters school. It is very important to develop the skills necessary to master writing, as well as create conditions for the child to gain practical experience. And here such familiar exercises as everyone can help:
Just a wonderful activity for developing fine motor skills in preschoolers. Before sculpting, be sure to let a child of any age knead the plasticine. This is a very useful exercise for developing fine motor skills. In this regard, ordinary domestic plasticine is much more useful than soft imported plasticine.
Exercises with paper:
1) kneading - development of hand strength (after this you will get a “ball” that can be thrown into the basket from a distance,
2) tear (development of correlating movements) - grab the sheet with the fingers of both hands and pull in different directions.
3) make appliqués from paper balls (crumple the paper, tear it into strips, then tear the strips into squares, roll each square on your palm into a ball, lay out a silhouette with balls - for example, a cat, a lamb, a cloud)
Sorting small items
It is very important that the baby does this either with a pinch (with three fingers), or using the “tweezer grip” method, that is, he grabs with two fingers - the thumb and forefinger. At the same time, the other fingers should be tucked in and not interfere. Show the baby the correct way to do this exercise.
Cutting with scissors.
Cutting out various figures from old postcards and magazines is a useful and exciting activity for future first-graders.
Older preschoolers begin to master the skills of silhouette cutting without preliminary drawing or preparing a contour line.
Games - Lacing Maria Montessori:
Games with lacing also develop the eye, attention, strengthen the fingers and the entire hand (fine motor skills, and this in turn affects the formation of the brain and the development of speech. And also, which is not unimportant, lacing games indirectly prepare the hand for writing and develop perseverance.
The following exercises will help you develop your graphic skills:
Drawing lines, curly paths
The child is asked to draw a figured path, connecting the hatching line. When walking along the path, the child should try to follow all the bends and turns of the lines as accurately as possible.
The child is asked to draw a line in the middle of the figured path. When completing the task, you must pay special attention to the fact that you cannot touch the walls (especially in mazes, the line should go in the middle of the path. The pencil does not come off the paper, and the sheet of paper does not turn over.
Along the contours
The child is asked to connect the dots to create a complete drawing.
Hatching with different directions of hand movement
Hatching is one of the most important exercises. Hatching rules:
- Hatch only in the specified direction.
- Do not go beyond the contours of the figure.
- Keep the lines parallel.
- Do not bring the strokes closer together, maintain distance
The child is asked to perform various types of hatching according to samples: vertical (from top to bottom, horizontal (from left to right), oblique, “balls” (circular movements of the hand, semicircles. Lines of complex shapes should be made with one movement of the hand. Hatching should initially be large, as they become more As the child gains skill in performing them, their size decreases. At the same time, attention should be paid to a decrease in the amplitude of movements of the hand.
Drawing by points
The child is asked to connect the dots according to the instructions below the picture. The tasks should be completed as follows: the pencil or pen does not come off the sheet of paper, the sheet is fixed, and its position does not change.
Draw a figure using dots, as in the example.
Coloring
A simple and effective way to prepare your hand for writing is through coloring books. By coloring favorite pictures, the child learns to hold a pencil in his hand and uses pressure. This activity trains the small muscles of the hand, making its movements strong and coordinated. It is recommended to use colored pencils rather than felt-tip pens.
You can invite your child to copy the drawings they like onto transparent paper. Ornaments and patterns are very useful, since they contain a large number of curved lines, which is a good preparation for the child’s hand to write capital letters.
It is very good to trace stencils, templates, trace using figured rulers, three-dimensional and planar images of objects. You can trace anything that comes to hand: the bottom of a glass, an inverted saucer, your own palm, a spoon, etc.
All these exercises bring triple benefits to the child:
firstly, they develop fine motor skills of his hands, preparing him for mastering writing,
secondly, they develop his artistic taste, which is useful at any age,
thirdly, child physiologists claim that a well-developed hand will “pull” the development of intelligence.
Offer these activities to your children every day!
Such comprehensive training perfectly develops fine motor skills of the hands, and the child will be well prepared for school, his hand movements will be more confident, and school activities will not be so tiring for the child.
Literature used: Yandex. Pictures 
"Skillful hands"- graphic exercises for the development of fine motor skills.
Kurylenko Tatyana Alekseevna, teacher-speech therapist, MDOU d/s "Zemlyanichka" r.p. Posevnaya, Cherepanovsky district, Novosibirsk region.
Description: The recommendation is devoted to the problems of developing fine motor skills, dexterity and coordination. It offers corrective and developmental exercises and tasks that help prepare the hand for writing.
Purpose: The material is intended for parents of pre-school groups.
Target: develop initial graphic skills through corrective and developmental exercises and tasks that help prepare the hand for writing
Tasks:
1. develop visual-motor coordination of movements and visual-spatial concepts;
2.develop large (hand) and fine (finger) motor skills, right- and left-hand orientation, attention;
3. developing interest in performing graphic exercises and tasks;
4. foster a sense of collectivism when performing joint actions.
Training the movements of the fingers and hands is the most important factor that stimulates the child’s speech development, helps improve articulatory movements, prepares the hand for writing and, no less important, is a powerful tool that increases the performance of the cerebral cortex, stimulating the development of the child’s thinking. The implementation of exercises will allow you to develop and improve precise movements of your fingers and coordinate dexterity of movements. To develop graphic skills in a child, it is necessary to teach him using a system of special exercises.
To develop graphic skills you should use:
drawing lines: straight paths, curly;
drawing by dots, along contours by cells;
performing hatching: with different directions of hand movement, silhouette hatching.
To develop fine motor skills of the hands you should use:
finger gymnastics;
exercises for mastering objective actions.
When performing various types of tasks, the child gains experience in graphic movements. It is necessary to immediately teach the child the correct techniques actions:
draw a line from top to bottom and left to right;
be able to make lines of various thicknesses and shapes;
hatch evenly and without spaces, without going beyond the outline.
When performing exercises, you should pay attention to:
correct seating at the table;
You need to start with simple tasks and gradually increase the complexity.
Regular lessons with your child will ensure correct and beautiful writing.
Special exercises to develop graphic skills
Straight tracks
The child is asked to draw a line in the middle of a straight path without moving off it or lifting the pencil from the paper.
Curly tracks
The child is asked to draw a figured path; when walking along the path, the child should try to follow all the bends and turns of the line as accurately as possible.
The pencil should not come off the paper, and the sheet should not turn over during the task.
Drawing by points
Asking the child to connect the dots according to the instructions under the pictures. The pencil does not come off the sheet of paper, the sheet is fixed and its position does not change.
Drawing along contours
The child is asked to connect the dots to create a complete drawing.
Drawing by cells
On checkered paper, the child is asked to continue the pattern according to the given pattern.
Performing hatching(with different direction of hand movement)
The child is asked to perform various types of shading according to the samples:
vertical (top to bottom)
horizontal (from left to right)
inclined
“balls” (circular movements of the hand)
in semicircles.
The lines should be made with one movement of the hand. The hatchings should initially be large; as the child acquires the skill to perform them, their size decreases.
Finger gymnastics for the development of fine motor skills of the hands
Games and exercises with fingers are presented in literary sources in different versions.
Mastering subject actions
To develop fine motor skills, you can use exercises using a sandbag or ball. Depending on the child’s individual capabilities, the nature of manipulations with objects can be varied, using techniques such as shifting, tossing, catching: changing the pace of work and the degree of its complexity, the number of objects involved at the same time. For a child with insufficiently developed fine motor skills, mastering object actions causes difficulties.
Remember! The development of fine motor skills stimulates the development of intellectual abilities in general! Do not neglect graphic exercises - these tasks will help your child not only learn to write, but also prepare in general for school.
