Causes of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine: types of pathologies, symptoms in the destruction of the vertebrae and cartilage tissue. Pathological degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine

The cervical spine is the initial section of the spinal tube, the vertebrae of which are designated as C1-C7. The cervical vertebrae have maximum flexibility and mobility compared to other parts of the spine, and, despite poorly developed cervical muscles and low bodies, they experience a significant daily load, which increases the risk of injury and the development of degenerative-dystrophic changes (osteochondrosis).

Degenerative-dystrophic disease of the neck is a deformation, drying and dehydration of the intervertebral discs connecting adjacent vertebrae. With a progressive course, pathology can lead to displacement of the gelatinous disc nucleus and the formation of hernias. Hernial protrusions in the neck are dangerous not only for the syndrome of chronic cervicogenic pain (cervicalgia), but also for circulatory disorders, since the most important arteries responsible for blood flow to the brain (basilar, carotid) pass through the transverse processes.

The human neck is the part of the body that connects the head to the body. Neck movements (the ability to tilt and turn the head) are possible due to the presence in the cervical region of seven small vertebrae of low strength, fixed among themselves by fibrocartilaginous elements called intervertebral discs. Intervertebral discs are formed by connective tissue elastic plates of an annular shape, between which there is a thick layer of jelly-like pulp. The pulp is the core of the disc and performs the function of nourishing the disc, which is carried out by diffusion from neighboring tissues (a white fibrous cartilaginous sheet located above and below the disc) due to the lack of its own circulatory system.

The cervical vertebrae are not located straight, but bend forward a little and perform the most important functions in the body, namely:

provide motor ability of the head and neck;
participate in the supply of the cerebellum, ventricles and other parts of the brain with blood (the most important arteries pass through the cervical spine);
reduce the static and dynamic load on other segments of the spinal tube.

In the case of degeneration and deformation of the cervical vertebrae (it is more accurate to apply this term in relation to the intervertebral discs), the functioning of not only the musculoskeletal system is disrupted, but also the work of the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, brain and spinal cord.

Important! A person who has degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine may complain of constant headaches, pressure problems, frequent blurred vision, and hearing impairment. In more severe cases, when spinal cord compression occurs, the patient may experience a mild or moderate disorder of gait, facial expressions, and speech functionality.

What changes occur in degenerative-dystrophic neck disease?

The basis of degenerative-dystrophic disease of the cervical vertebrae is a degenerative-dystrophic disease of the intervertebral disc, which is designated as DDDD. With this pathology, dehydration and drying of the gel-like mass that fills the space between the connective tissue plates occurs, followed by the replacement of the pulp with fibrocartilaginous material. If earlier such changes were characteristic of the elderly (over 55 years old), and experts associated them with natural aging processes, now various forms of ADDD, osteochondrosis and osteochondropathy are increasingly being diagnosed in patients younger than 30 years old.

The following changes on the radiograph may indicate the reparative process in the cervical vertebrae:

decrease in height, blackening and stratification of intervertebral discs;
convergence of surfaces of adjacent vertebrae, their compaction and thickening;
bone growths (osteophytes) on the posterior and marginal surfaces of the vertebral bodies;
sclerosis of the closing fibrocartilaginous plates, which develops against the background of the replacement of white cartilage with solid connective tissue;
the appearance of cartilaginous Schmorl's nodules.

With pronounced degenerative-dystrophic changes, a slight spondylolisthesis (displacement of the vertebra) may be observed, not exceeding 1 cm. intervertebral hernia.

Causes of disc degeneration

The main factor leading to the development of disc dystrophy and further degeneration of the spine, experts consider physical inactivity. Hypodynamic disorders that occur against the background of a sedentary lifestyle and reduced physical labor include not only obesity, but also disorders in the digestive, respiratory, vascular systems, as well as the main "pump" of the body - the heart muscle. If a person moves a little, his muscle strength (muscle contractility) decreases, the force of contraction of the heart weakens, hypotension of blood vessels develops.

The danger of hypodynamia also lies in the slowdown of metabolic and metabolic processes, as a result of which the fats entering the body are slowly broken down, and the blood becomes “fat”, destroying oxygen molecules and preventing the absorption and transfer of the most important macro- and microelements, proteins and vitamins. The lack of these substances provokes dystrophic changes in the pulpous disc nucleus, which provokes the onset of degenerative changes in the cervical spine.

Risk factors

The most important risk factors for degenerative-dystrophic disease of the cervical vertebrae also include:

sedentary work, prolonged stay in one position (especially for office workers and office workers who are forced to be in a position with their heads tilted down for several hours a day);
insufficient fluid intake (the jelly-like core of the intervertebral discs consists of almost 86% water);
frequent microtraumas of the neck;
poor and irregular nutrition, in which a person does not receive enough elements necessary to maintain the elasticity and elasticity of the intervertebral discs;
chronic stress;
endocrinological pathologies with a pronounced disorder of metabolic function and metabolism.

An important factor affecting the functional state of the cervical spine is the toxic load on the body. If a person takes medications for a long time, lives in an area with a disturbed ecological situation, or works in a hazardous industry, the risk of degenerative-dystrophic changes in any parts of the spine will be several times higher.

Important! Smoking and alcohol abuse negatively affect the condition of the spine. Ethanol, which is part of almost all alcoholic beverages, destroys some vitamins (for example, cyanocobalamin, tocopherol, retinol) and slows down their absorption. Toxic substances, which are more than 400 in tobacco smoke, adversely affect the chemical composition of the blood and cause oxygen starvation of tissues, including the tissue of the cartilaginous disc fiber.

Stages and symptoms

In total, there are three clinical stages of degenerative-dystrophic disease of the cervical spine.

Stages of DDDD of the cervical vertebrae and their symptoms

Stage	What is happening at this stage?	What symptoms predominate in the clinical picture?
First	The gel-like pulp of the intervertebral discs dehydrates and dries up, cracks and micro-ruptures form in it. With a progressive course, the inner layer of the fibrous annular capsule is also covered with cracks, but the outer surface of the shell still retains its integrity. There may be clinical manifestations of irritation and compression of nerve endings.	Signs of pathology at this stage are weakly expressed, but with an increase in pathological deformity, the patient begins to complain of shooting or aching pain in the neck (cervicalgia), stiffness and increased tension in the upper part of the shoulder girdle. In an acute course, the reflex-pain syndrome of humeroscapular periarthrosis can be pronounced
Second	The fibrous ring is destroyed, the fixation of adjacent vertebrae is disturbed (this condition is classified by orthopedists as unnaturally increased mobility of the spine)	The main clinical symptom in the second stage of degenerative-dystrophic disease of the neck is persistent pain of moderate or high intensity in the cervical spine. Often, patients describe referred pain that occurs in the neck with further irradiation to the upper limbs, chest area, shoulder, shoulder blade. Pain is aggravated during or after physical activity, after a long stay in one position, as well as in the morning
Third	The fibrous membrane is torn, and the nucleus pulposus falls out through the resulting gap, forming an intervertebral hernia.	Neurological disorders are added to reflex-pain syndromes. The complex of neurological symptoms includes various paresthesias (impaired sensitivity) and paralysis, convulsions, backache in the neck. Nonspecific symptoms at this stage may include headaches, occasional fainting, drops in blood pressure, tinnitus, blackouts, and other symptoms of compression of the arteries supplying blood to the brain.
Fourth	The final stage is characterized by the spread of the process to the yellow and spinous ligaments, the formation of scars in the intervertebral disc and its fibrosis (complete replacement of functional tissue with fibrous fiber)	This stage is characterized by all of the listed symptoms, but it is important to consider that in the case of fibrosis, the clinical picture takes on a blurred or erased course, which forms a false impression in the patient and achieves long-term remission.

Diagnostics

Primary physical and visual diagnostics when complaints appear, which may be symptoms of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine, includes identifying trigger points of tension, determining the degree of pain, and the state of muscle tone. The doctor also performs a series of diagnostic tests to assess the range of motion in the affected segment.

To confirm or clarify the diagnosis, the patient is sent for X-ray, CT or MRI. The preferred and most informative method for detecting pathologies of the musculoskeletal system is magnetic resonance imaging. Unlike spiral CT, MRI diagnostics can fully visualize even deeply located soft tissues, which makes it possible to reliably determine the presence of tumors and intervertebral hernias. This diagnostic method is also safer and can be used if necessary in any category of patients (including pregnant women, if there are emergency indications for this, and the procedure does not involve the use of contrasts).

Note! Auxiliary diagnostic methods are electromyography (a study of neuromuscular conduction) and densitometry (a non-invasive method for assessing the mineral density of tissues). These studies are not included in the minimum required diagnostic complex, but may be needed to clarify the clinical picture or identify etiological factors in order to draw up a protocol for further therapy.

Treatment Methods

Treatment of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical vertebrae should be long and complex. The active phase is usually about 3-4 months, but even after this time has elapsed, the patient must adhere to the principles of good nutrition, exercise regularly, monitor their emotional state and lifestyle.

Preparations

Drug therapy for degeneration and dystrophy of the spine is ineffective and is aimed only at relieving pain, relieving inflammation and eliminating neurological symptoms. For this purpose, the patient is prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs from the group of propionic and acetic acid derivatives, as well as oxicams (Meloxicam, Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, Diclofenac, Nimesulide). For the prevention of further degenerative-dystrophic changes, the use of chondroprotectors based on chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine (Dona, Teraflex, Kondronova) is indicated. In the case of severe neurological disorders, ointments and gels containing formic alcohol, camphor, turpentine emulsions, bee or snake venom (Skipar, Viprosal, Kapsikam) are topically used.

With increased muscle tone, m-anticholinergics are prescribed ("Sirdalud", "Tolperizon"). They are necessary for the normalization of muscular-tonic tension and the release of pinched nerve endings. Vitamins and vitamin-like agents are used as an adjunct to basic treatment to improve cartilage nutrition.

Important! In the absence of an adequate analgesic effect when using standard oral and injection therapy, the doctor may suggest a vagosympathetic or perirenal neck blockade. The method is a local injection of anesthetics and other drugs directly into the lesion. The effect of the procedure occurs within 5 minutes, and the duration of its preservation is affected by further patient compliance with medical recommendations.

Physiotherapy

This is the most important stage in the treatment of any degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine, necessary to restore muscle tone, reduce compression of nerve endings, strengthen the muscular corset of the spine and improve blood circulation in the vessels of the neck. Patients with a diagnosed degenerative-dystrophic disease of the neck benefit from various rotations, tilts and turns, which must be performed at a calm pace, without sudden movements and jerks. During the slopes, it is necessary to stretch the muscles of the front and back of the neck as much as possible, moving behind the chin and the upper part of the back of the head.

You should do 5-10 minutes 1-2 times a day.

Manual therapy

The main method of manual therapy used to treat the spine with manifestations of DDDD is traction traction of the spine. This effect allows you to increase the height of the intervertebral space, improve the nutrition of the damaged disc, increase the elasticity of the muscular-ligamentous apparatus and release the pinched nerve roots.

Traction traction of the spine is also available in many medical centers in a physiotherapy room and is performed using special equipment. To eliminate pain and symptoms of impaired blood circulation, it is necessary to perform at least 3-5 sessions. The full duration of the course is determined individually.

Important! It is strictly forbidden to perform any manipulations with the spine until a complete diagnosis has been completed. Before contacting a chiropractor, you must undergo a magnetic resonance or x-ray examination.

Physiotherapy treatment

The choice of physiotherapy procedures to improve the functional state of the intervertebral discs today is quite large, which allows you to choose the most effective procedures, taking into account individual indications and limitations.

The following procedures are most effective for the correction of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine:

electrotherapy;
magnetotherapy;
laser therapy;

Effective methods of physiotherapy for diseases of the spine also include balneotherapy, mud therapy, thermal applications. Of the methods of reflex action, seed massage has proven itself well: it is possible to achieve a significant improvement in well-being and almost complete disappearance of pain after one course of medical massage of the cervical-collar zone.

Recommendations to patients for the prevention of degenerative-dystrophic neck disease

The success of the treatment largely depends on the patient himself, his responsibility and compliance with medical recommendations. In severe cases of degenerative-dystrophic disease, surgical intervention with a long rehabilitation period (at least 1 year) may be indicated, so it is better to provide the necessary prevention in advance.

The core of the intervertebral discs contains a large amount of collagen, the lack of which provokes the onset of dystrophic changes. To avoid this, it is necessary to drink liquid collagen 3-4 times a year (course - 10 days) or daily include in the diet dishes of a jelly-like consistency with the addition of starch or gelatin: aspic, jelly, jelly, jelly.
A daily fifteen-minute exercise for the neck reduces the risk of osteochondrosis and other diseases by almost 4 times. This recommendation is especially relevant for those who have a sedentary job.
Massage is an excellent prophylactic against any musculoskeletal pathologies. For preventive purposes, it is recommended to undergo a course of massage 2-3 times a year.
To prevent pathological changes in the cervical spine, it is important to choose the right mattress and pillow. The mattress should have an anatomical design and a medium degree of rigidity. The recommended pillow size for an adult is 50*70 cm (and not 70*70, as is customary).
To improve blood and lymph circulation in the vessels of the neck, it is useful to do a contrast shower in this area 1-2 times a week. You can combine the procedure with a conventional hygienic shower.

Video - Degenerative diseases of the spine

Degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine is a pathology that is successfully treated only in the early stages, when the intervertebral space has a height sufficient to maintain the integrity of the fibrous disc ring. It is necessary to start correcting the initial stages of osteochondrosis as early as possible, since with progressive forms, the only effective method of treatment is surgery with a postoperative rehabilitation period of at least 1 year. Prevention of the disease includes proper, balanced and regular nutrition, sufficient physical activity, compliance with the regime of work and rest, and the proper organization of the bed.

Due to the active lifestyle of many inhabitants, the spine is subjected to stable and sometimes excessive loads. Sedentary work also plays its negative role. As a result, various diseases of the spine can be considered as one of the most common.

Degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine

Intervertebral discs can be exposed to destructive processes for various reasons: malnutrition, excessive nervous reactions, muscle strain, inflammatory diseases, etc. All these factors lead to metabolic disorders that affect the condition of the intervertebral discs.

And if we take into account the signs of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine, then it is worth noting that they are the result of the development of three key diseases: spondylarthrosis, osteochondrosis and spondylosis. By old age, such processes are observed in the vast majority of people.

Spondylarthrosis

This disease, in fact, is arthrosis of the intervertebral joints. Doctors have long confirmed the fact that degenerative processes in peripheral and intervertebral joints do not have fundamental differences. That is, spondylarthrosis can be defined as one of the varieties of osteoarthritis. It is for this reason that it makes sense to use drugs that belong to the chondroprotective series for its treatment.

Degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine in old age are most often caused by spondylarthrosis. In this condition, unlike discogenic pain, the sensations are bilateral. Their localization occurs paravertebral. The feeling of pain during extension and standing increases, and during walking and in the sitting position it subsides.

Osteochondrosis

In this case, we are talking about such a consequence of dystrophic processes as a decrease in the height of the intervertebral disc. There are no inflammations. The result of such a disease is the development of segmental instability (the vertebrae slide backward during extension or forward during flexion), as well as a change in the physiological curvature of the spine. There is also a convergence of the vertebrae and, accordingly, the articular processes. The resulting excess friction leads to localized spondylarthrosis.

Degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine, expressed in the form of osteochondrosis, are an x-ray diagnosis, but not a clinical one. This process, in fact, is an inevitable factor in aging.

Spondylosis

As a key symptom of this disease, the appearance of marginal bone growths can be determined. They are present on both the upper and lower edges of the vertebrae and appear as vertical spines on x-ray.

Clinical spondylosis is of minimal importance. The bottom line is that this disease can be characterized as an adaptive process. This means the following fact: degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine, expressed through osteophytes (marginal growths), ankylosis of the facet joints, fibrosis of the discs and thickening of the ligaments, lead to the immobilization of the spinal motion segment, which is problematic. As a result, there is an expansion of the bodies and the supporting surface of the vertebrae.

The main symptoms of degenerative changes

In diseases of this category, the symptoms manifest themselves the brighter, the stronger the destructive processes, which is quite logical. As the pathological process develops, the patient begins to feel heaviness and stiffness in the lumbar region. But if we consider the signs of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the lumbar spine, as well as in other areas of it, then as a key symptom, one can determine palpable pain during walking, with prolonged sitting in one position, physical exertion and inclinations.

At the same time, pain sensations have a wave character: they quickly appear, and then they decrease or completely disappear. The degenerative process progressing in the intervertebral discs can lead to serious problems. Therefore, having recognized the symptoms, you should not postpone a visit to the doctor.

It is worth noting the fact that degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine (any) develop in stages.

Signs of the initial stage

As mentioned above, diseases of the spine make themselves felt through pain. Moreover, the pain syndrome is so strong that a person is forced to limit his movements. This inevitably affects the quality of life and, of course, performance.

Second stage

The subsequent development of the disease has the following symptoms:

- "lumbago", which are felt in the lower part of the spine;

So-called goosebumps or tingling in the buttocks and limbs;

Significant mobility restrictions.

Also, this stage is characterized by the development of radicular syndrome. It's about nerve compression.

How to recognize the third stage

At this stage, degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine lead to circulatory disorders, the cause of which is compression of the radicular vessel. This process contributes to the development of ischemia.

In addition to such a symptom as ever-growing pain, the third stage can be identified by the following signs:

convulsions;

Pain in the perineum;

Numbness of the pelvis.

Thus, degenerative-dystrophic changes in the lumbar spine are a frequent occurrence due to constant and illiterate loads.

As for spondylarthrosis, in most cases it is also a consequence of overload. Under certain conditions, even bone formation (spondylosis) is possible. These diseases can develop both separately and in combination with each other.

If degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine progress, treatment, in fact, involves the same methods that are focused on restoring blood circulation, flexibility and mobility. And only in the case when traditional therapeutic measures do not help, surgical intervention can be performed.

As a result, it is worth noting that spinal diseases are too serious a problem to be ignored or treated on your own.

Concluding this article, I would like to note that there are many reasons leading to such symptoms as pain and stiffness in the neck. These include, for example, straining the muscles of the neck. However, there are more serious causes that lead to the appearance of such symptoms, including rheumatoid arthritis, meningitis and some other infections, as well as various types of tumors. Only doctors can determine the cause of your condition, so if you constantly experience neck pain, make an appointment with a doctor.

The leading theory links degenerative-dystrophic changes to the disruption of the normal structure of the various components of the cervical spine.

A degenerative change in the cervical spine tends to progress - the protrusion turns into a disc herniation. The hernia compresses the nerve roots and, in severe cases, the spinal cord. Violation of the functioning of the spinal column as a whole leads to secondary disorders in other parts of the spine, even those located at a considerable distance from the neck. There are aching pains in the lower back, vascular spasms, dizziness. The appearance of such symptoms is only a matter of time.
Osteochondrosis - a decrease in the elasticity of the intervertebral disc, dehydration of its tissues;
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (indomethacin, piroxicam, diclofenac, ketonal) are used to combat inflammatory processes, analgesics (ketorol, analgin) are prescribed to suppress pain of moderate and mild severity, antispasmodics (mydocalm, sirdalud and trental) are usually used to relieve muscle spasms . Rapid regeneration of affected tissues is stimulated with the help of chondroprotectors (alflutop, teraflex, structum) and B vitamins.
Increased tension in the neck muscles. In most cases, it is accompanied by pain syndrome, pain is observed on palpation of the muscles;
In each case, the doctor prescribes treatment to the patient individually, depending on the degree of degenerative-dystrophic changes. A course of complex treatment recommended by a doctor helps prevent further development of pathological changes in the cervical spine.

When using modern methods of treatment in combination with methods of oriental medicine, which include acupressure, acupuncture, herbal medicine, you can stop the development of cervical osteochondrosis and prevent complications.

headache;

The cervical spine includes 7 vertebrae. It represents the most mobile part of the ridge. This section of the spinal column provides a person with the ability to move his head.

Symptoms of degenerative change

Intervertebral disc degeneration seriously affects the vertebrae. As the connection between the vertebrae is lost, instability occurs in the affected spinal segment. This means that the vertebrae do not move correctly in relation to each other. Normally, the cervical spine is very mobile. The neck can turn to the sides almost 180°, lower the head to such an extent that the chin touches the chest and arch back so that the back of the head almost touches the upper back, and also lean to the side so that the head rests on the shoulder. Such movements are made possible by the joints of the cervical spine.

A degenerative change in the cervical spine is treated with a set of measures aimed at restoring the tissues of the spine and removing functional blockades and stress in the vertebral motor segments. The procedures for eliminating degenerative changes are as follows:
Local compaction of spinal tissues and spondylosis - the formation of osteophytes (bone spikes);
Treatment of cervical-thoracic osteochondrosis is not an easy task. Therefore, agents for external use are often additionally prescribed: locally irritating substances (finalgon, nikoflex), tissue regeneration stimulants (teraflex M, traumeel C, chondroxide) and ointments, which are based on NSAIDs (ketonal, fustum gel, voltaren).
Weakness of the neck and shoulder muscles. Hypotrophy and decreased tone of the trapezius, levator scapula, longest and belt muscles of the neck;

Cervical osteochondrosis is called degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical segment of the spine, which often lead to a significant disruption of its functions and structure.

Treatment of degenerative changes in the cervical spine is aimed at:
tinnitus;
The neck muscles are quite weak. They are in constant tension, providing support for the head. Therefore, degenerative changes in the cervical region are widespread.
Degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine are a very common chronic disease.
To stabilize the spinal segment and moderate its excessive mobility, the bone tissue begins to grow in breadth. These growths are called osteophytes. Osteophytes can be found next to the intervertebral disc and around the facet joints. Osteophytes take up extra space in the spinal canal, and if they grow near the nerves exiting the spinal cord, they can pinch or compress them. This causes pain, numbness, tingling, and (sometimes) muscle weakness in areas supplied by the affected nerve. This is stenosis (narrowing) of the spinal canal.

The cervical spine contains 7 bones called vertebrae. The vertebrae can be compared to the carriages of a passenger train. The cars themselves are inflexible until they are linked into a train. The role of "clutches" between the vertebrae is performed by the joints. Such a "composition" can afford a large amount of movement.

Help with cervical osteochondrosis

decrease in the amount of joint fluid; It is also possible to treat osteochondrosis of the cervical spine with non-drug means. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the stage of development of the disease. For example, in the acute stage, the patient needs strict bed rest, preferably on a firm bed. If the patient has a pinched nerve, then it is recommended that the traction of the cervical vertebrae be performed using a Glisson loop. If there are contraindications to this type of treatment, manual traction using manual therapy is often performed. As physiotherapy are used:

Numbness of the tongue. Feeling of swelling of the tongue, which is accompanied by a deterioration in speech and disturbances in its movements, mainly during meals;

A large number of people suffer from this disease, but most of them are not even aware of it. Osteochondrosis of the cervical spine develops gradually and, accordingly, people get used to life with constant pain. However, if appropriate measures are taken in a timely manner to treat cervical osteochondrosis, you can provide yourself with a healthy future, without terrible and unbearable pain in the neck.

restoration of spinal tissues;

How to treat degenerative changes in the cervical region

dizziness;

When pathological disorders of the spine occur, the main symptom is muscle pain in the back.
The concept of "degenerative changes" of the spine means:

The cervical vertebrae are connected to each other using three joints. This provides the spine with stability in addition to mobility. The mobility of the spine is thus limited, because inside the vertebrae, in the spinal canal, is the spinal cord, which cannot be damaged.

Degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine lead to the formation of protrusion and herniation of the intervertebral disc, spondylosis and secondary spinal stenosis. For diagnosis, an MRI of the cervical spine is required.
Spondylarthrosis - narrowing of the joint space in the intervertebral joints.

Ultrasound;

Paresis of the muscles of the limbs. It is characterized by weakening of the muscles of the legs and arms up to the complete cessation of movement. Sometimes, at the same time, itching in the muscles is observed with a sharp tilt of the neck.

The biggest problem of modern man is a sedentary lifestyle. Moreover, even the forced minimum load twice a day (the road to work and back) does not save the situation. When a person is in a hurry to work, his gait does not allow the spine to fully function. It is characterized by a tense shoulder girdle, fast and sharp steps that create constant shock without sufficient cushioning. Arriving at work, a person spends another eight hours in a sitting position, while the back muscles are in constant static tension.

elimination of overload and blockades in the cervical vertebrae.

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Modern methods of treatment of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine

Decreased visual acuity.

At the same time, the corresponding muscles cannot withstand the axial load for a long time. The first sign of osteochondrosis is muscle pain. Overloading the spine causes such pathologies:

The main causes of development of cervical osteochondrosis

dehydration of the tissues of the spine, in particular intervertebral discs, and a decrease in its flexibility (osteochondrosis);

The degeneration process can sometimes take a slightly different direction. In an attempt to cope with the increased mechanical load, the outer shell of the intervertebral disc - the annulus fibrosus - may begin to gradually collapse. Over time, small cracks form in it.

The spinal cord is a nerve tissue located inside the spinal canal - a hollow tube formed by the arches of the vertebrae. Nerves branch off from the spinal cord and supply various areas of the body. The function of the spinal cord is to transmit signals (bioelectrical and biomechanical) that control the functioning (sensitivity and movement) of various organs and structures of the body. The function of the spine is to protect the spinal cord from injury during movement.

Symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis

The above degenerative changes in the cervical spine may eventually make themselves felt with certain symptoms. The condition of the spine is usually seen on MRI images, which can be used to judge its degenerative changes. However, an MRI image does not always contain information about the load on a particular spinal segment.
magnetotherapy;

Cervical osteochondrosis often occurs during pregnancy

This combination of circumstances contributes to the disruption of normal blood circulation in the spine, which will soon lead to inevitable dystrophic changes in the structure of the vertebrae and vertebral discs.
First of all, the doctor must examine the patient, determine what kind of treatment will be most effective for him, what procedures can be prescribed to the patient. The doctor will prescribe a certain technique for influencing the affected area. Despite the fact that pain is felt in the cervical region, the procedures should cover the entire spine. The patient must be examined by a neurologist, who will prescribe treatment taking into account the relationship of all parts of the spine.
If a person has these symptoms, he needs to see a doctor immediately. With cervical osteochondrosis, a slight protrusion of the disc beyond the spine is a serious danger. The cervical vertebrae are smaller than the rest. There are more blood vessels and nerve plexuses in the cervical region.
muscle strain;
The appearance of bone spikes (spondylosis);

Cervical osteochondrosis in pregnant women

Normally, the annulus fibrosus holds a soft, gel-like center inside. Part of the material of the gel-like center - the nucleus pulposus - can be squeezed out through a crack in the annulus fibrosus. This is called a herniated disc. If a herniated disc is near the spinal cord or nerve root, it can lead to neurological problems. Intervertebral hernias of the cervical spine can create serious situations, up to paralysis of the upper and lower extremities, although this happens extremely rarely.

Joints are two opposite surfaces of a bone. Some joints are covered with smooth cartilage. The ability of cartilage to slide allows the two surfaces of the bone to move easily in relation to each other. This is how, for example, the facet joints in the cervical spine look like.

Sooner or later, almost all people experience neck pain. In the vast majority of cases, the condition that caused such pain is not serious and goes away on its own. The most common symptoms are neck pain and stiffness, which may or may not be related to minor trauma. Patients most often report having a "cold" neck or sleeping in an uncomfortable position, which may or may not be the cause.

How to treat cervical osteochondrosis?

A degenerative change in the cervical region can manifest itself as follows. The first symptoms may be muscle pain and discomfort in the back. These pains are caused by protective muscle tension: the muscular corset is not able to withstand a long-term axial load. The so-called muscular-tonic syndrome - these are the initial manifestations of osteochondrosis.

Drug treatment of cervical osteochondrosis

Diadynamometry.

During pregnancy, the female body is subjected to all sorts of serious tests, including a strength test. Pregnancy is often accompanied by exacerbations of chronic diseases and the emergence of completely new health problems. Moreover, various pathologies of the spine usually develop much more often than others.

The time of development of pathological changes in the spinal column is individual for each person. This is due to his heredity and lifestyle. And the latter plays the most important role. It depends only on the person himself whether he uses alcohol or any other substances harmful to health, whether he exposes his body to injuries. By protecting yourself from these negative effects, a person takes care of the health of not only the back, but the whole organism as a whole.

In the treatment of intervertebral hernias, it is used:

The spinal cord, located in the spinal canal, in the cervical region has a minimum diameter, as a result of which even a slight shift causes its compression. The vertebral artery passes through the cervical region, squeezing which can cause a violation of the blood circulation of the brain. This leads to headache, tinnitus, dizziness, staggering gait.

reduction in the distance between the vertebrae;

compaction of vertebral tissues;
In most cases, with intervertebral hernia of the cervical spine, patients complain of pain in the neck, radiating to the arm, shoulder, under the shoulder blade. This is due to compression of the spinal nerve root. Sometimes, over time, a herniated disc disappears or shrinks on its own. Sometimes a hernia remains and grows in size, leading to chronic symptoms and neurological problems that can sometimes only be repaired with surgery.
However, the main link between the two cervical vertebrae is a gel-like mass - the intervertebral disc. Intervertebral discs are located between two wide and flat surfaces of the vertebral bodies. They consist of special materials that connect the vertebrae to each other, while leaving them mobile. The intervertebral discs are extremely important for the stability of the spine. However, they are highly susceptible to trauma and degeneration.

exercise therapy

In most cases, the cause of neck pain is degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine. Degenerative changes are changes that have occurred due to the natural wear and tear of the structures and tissues of the spine. However, not all conditions associated with degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine are easily treatable.

Movements in the vertebral joints are carried out between two adjacent vertebrae, between which there is a shock absorber - the intervertebral disc. The vertebral motor segment is a pair of vertebrae with a disc between them. With an axial load and with a weakened muscular corset, an overload of the vertebral motor segment leads to the following conditions:

Therapeutic exercise for cervical osteochondrosis is one of the most effective methods of treatment. Swimming is also very good for the course of the disease (only in warm water!). Remember that special exercises should be performed only during the period of remission of the disease, as well as for the purpose of prevention for healthy people.

During pregnancy, the figure of a woman gradually changes: the curvature of the spine in the lumbar segment decreases, which subsequently leads to pathological changes in all its departments. At this stage, the woman begins to worry about the obvious symptoms of osteochondrosis. In addition, the metabolism of minerals and vitamins is disrupted, which also leads to musculoskeletal problems. Therefore, in order to ensure a good course of pregnancy, it is simply necessary to carry out systematic unloading of the spine in combination with enhanced nutrition.

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Degenerative change of the cervical spine

Clinical signs of cervical osteochondrosis have some features compared to other localizations of the disease:

Axial and transverse unloading of the spine;
When there are disorders in the spine, headaches do not go away when taking painkillers: it is necessary to treat cervical osteochondrosis.
fixation of the vertebrae in the wrong position;
reduction in the formation of intra-articular fluid;

Symptoms of degenerative changes in the cervical region

On the other hand, the intervertebral discs act as shock absorbers, preventing injury to the cervical spine due to weight and head movements. For good functioning, the intervertebral disc must have sufficient height and elasticity. Since the disc is well fixed between the vertebrae, it prevents the vertebrae from moving in relation to each other.

What causes an overload of the vertebral motor segment?

The purpose of this article is to describe the conditions that degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine can lead to. These conditions can occur in adults of any age, with specific disorders appearing more frequently in a particular age group. For example, herniated discs of the cervical spine are more common in young people (under 40), while cervical spondylosis and spinal stenosis tend to be diagnosed in older people.

Local protective overstrain of muscles;
Video about the treatment of cervical osteochondrosis:
Treatment of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine primarily includes two main goals: restoring the normal functioning of the cervical segment of the spine and relieving pain. For this, a whole range of activities is used, such as: physiotherapy and drug treatment, acupuncture, therapeutic exercises and massage.

The cervical segment of the spine is more mobile. Such mobility allows you to make tilts and turns of a sufficiently high amplitude. On the other hand, such high mobility under a certain load increases the risk of damage to the vertebrae. Even with minor pathological changes in the intervertebral disc, the normal functioning of the entire segment of the spine is disrupted.

What is the danger of degenerative changes in the cervical region

muscle strengthening.

Treatment

An MRI picture of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine shows the extent of the disease and makes it possible to identify osteochondrosis.

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Degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine - what is it, complications of the degenerative process.

The appearance of functional blockades, that is, areas of the spine with impaired mobility, which contributes to the appearance of protrusion and herniation of the intervertebral disc. Reduction of the gap between the joints of the spine (spondylarthrosis).

Spondylosis is what happens to the spine of the vast majority of people as they age. The term itself implies bone growth associated with spinal aging.

With age, the intervertebral disc flattens and loses elasticity and can no longer perform the functions assigned to it in sufficient volume. The vertebrae are getting closer to each other, friction begins to occur between them. Since the intervertebral disc can no longer withstand the load exerted on it, it is taken over by the joints of the spine. The main blow falls on the facet joints.

fixation of the vertebrae in the wrong position and the formation of functional blockades, that is, sections of the spine with limited mobility;

Treatment with folk remedies is considered quite effective. Moreover, doctors do not prohibit this type of therapy, but only at certain stages of the development of the disease. In general, before you start fighting this disease on your own, you should definitely consult a doctor.

What it is?

This type of therapy is primarily aimed at suppressing inflammation and pain, as well as restoring trophism in the damaged area.

The blood supply to the tissues of the skull, brain and face is carried out with the help of vertebral arteries passing in the cervical vertebrae, their transverse processes. Quite often, cervical osteochondrosis is complicated by compression or compression of the vertebral arteries (hernia, painful spasms). As a result, a violation of the blood supply to the brain leads to the development of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. At the same time, headaches, dizziness, impaired gait and speech are observed.

Patients are prescribed physical therapy, hardware and manual methods of soft stretching, massage. To normalize metabolic processes in the tissues of the spine, physiotherapy, magnetotherapy, and chondroprotectors are used. In some cases, a fixing bandage for the neck may be prescribed.

Treatment is prescribed to patients individually, after they diagnose changes in the intervertebral discs. The doctor must find out if there are any complications: herniated discs or protrusions. The therapy includes massage, warming, phytotherapy. The primary task of doctors is to eliminate pain and muscle spasm, improve metabolic processes in the body.

With cervical osteochondrosis, the patient has the following symptoms:

Back pain of a different nature occurs in 90% of the total population. Approximately 40% of people experiencing pain go to the doctor. Currently, there is a decrease in the motor activity of most people. A sedentary lifestyle, the replacement of physical labor with mental work, and a long stay in a car significantly reduce the tone of the muscle corset.

As mentioned above, it is believed that osteophytes arise due to degeneration of the intervertebral disc and instability of the spinal segment, this point is questionable, because. it is known that a high percentage of patients without neck pain and other symptoms nevertheless have cervical spondylosis.

Since the very structure of the facet joints is not designed to withstand a large load, the cartilage of the joints begins to break down. Thus, in the process of cartilage tissue degeneration, the underlying bone begins to protrude to the surface. An inflammatory reaction begins, which leads to irritation of the joint, and this, in turn, causes pain. The more the facet joints are destroyed, the less they are able to withstand the load exerted on them. As a result, a vicious circle is obtained: now the main functions of maintaining the load on the spine again fall on the intervertebral disc, which naturally leads to its even greater destruction. At this stage, changes in the intervertebral disc and joints are already irreversible.

The first question that patients ask their doctor when they hear such a diagnosis is: "What does this mean?" To be honest, even the most eminent spinal specialists, at the moment, are thinking about this issue. We mean that, although doctors can certainly recognize and are able to treat conditions caused by degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine, it often remains unclear the cause of this or that condition, except for the age factor.

Reducing the distance between the vertebrae.

Based on all of the above, we can conclude: it is possible to cure osteochondrosis of the cervical spine! However, for this, it should be detected in time and adequate treatment should be started.

Classic symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis:

Complications of the degenerative process in the cervical spine

The magnetic resonance picture of degenerative-dystrophic changes shows signs of osteochondrosis and impaired axial load on the spine. Treatment for degenerative changes in the cervical region includes complex therapy. The patient is prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs, such as movalis, ibuprofen. In some cases, muscle relaxants, steroid drugs, B vitamins are prescribed.

Spinal stenosis of the cervical spine

The goal of treatment is to eliminate the causes of osteochondrosis and create conditions for the restoration of spinal discs in a natural way. Treatment must be comprehensive. It is aimed at improving blood circulation in the vessels in the area of degenerative disc changes. This improves the supply of oxygen to these areas, eliminates pain, and swelling disappears.

neck pain radiating to the back of the head;

Scientists have calculated that 80% of the time the human spine is in an unnatural half-bent position. This condition leads to stretching of the muscles - the extensors of the spine, reduces their tone. This is one of the main reasons for the appearance of degenerative changes.

Intervertebral hernia of the cervical spine

In other cases, with spondylosis, patients experience pain. It is likely that spondylosis is the result of a process of intervertebral disc degeneration that has been going on for a long time.

At the moment, most of the theories about how spinal degeneration proceeds are still theories. Although these theories are often well thought out and generally logical, they are extremely difficult to test in practice. But, despite this circumstance, it is necessary to try to understand them, since they are still the best explanation of the mechanisms of occurrence and course of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine.

In turn, long-term blockades further squeeze out the intervertebral disc, forming hernias and protrusions. It is the presence of hernias and protrusions of the discs that indicates the long-term existence of a functional blockade. Blockades usually manifest as pain in the back and neck after a long stay or sitting in one position, as well as stiffness in the back muscles in the evening and in the morning.

cervical spondylosis

The concept of "degenerative change" of the cervical spine includes the following components:

What back exercises can you do at home?

Pain in the neck area. They are in the nature of a backache, sometimes aching forms are possible, spreading to the shoulder blade, arm and neck area;

Massage, exercise therapy, physiotherapy are very useful. The doctor recommends the necessary procedures and drugs, determines the duration of the course of treatment. Patients are prescribed baths, showers, manual therapy. During severe pain, anti-inflammatory painkillers are used, which are injected into the area of the affected nerve using electrophoresis or injections. Prescribe laser therapy, magnetic therapy, acupuncture, ultraviolet irradiation.

Orthopedist-traumatologist of the first category, specialist in foot surgery, PFUR, 2008

Degenerative-dystrophic pathologies of the cervical spine develop against the background of a neglectful attitude to one's health and lifestyle. Such changes occur against the background of deformation of the vertebrae in the cervical region and intervertebral discs, rupture or displacement of nerve fibers, depletion of blood vessels.

Treatment of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine is a complex and lengthy process that includes several types of therapy and rehabilitation measures.

This pathology includes a whole group of problems with the spine. Their provocateurs are both external and internal factors, their rates of development are individual for each patient, the list of complications may include problems not only with the spine, but also with internal organs, blood supply and the functionality of the nervous system.

Degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine can develop against the background of:

Osteochondrosis with damage to the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral discs;
Spondylarthrosis of the articular tissues of the spine;
Spondylosis with characteristic growths of bone tissue;
Violations of the rate of production of joint fluid in the spine;
Formations of one or more vertebrates.

Such changes, from the point of view of medical specialists, are considered severe and irreversible, and their therapy consists in regular preventive measures that prevent the development of degenerative-dystrophic pathologies.

Reasons for the development of pathology

Just 20-30 years ago, degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine were typical for patients of the older age group - from 50 years old. To date, pathology is observed in younger people. Similar problems are diagnosed already in 25-30 years.

Provocateurs for the development of such changes can be:

Congenital or acquired weakness of the muscular corset;
Professional activity associated with low physical activity;
Injury or inflammation in the neck;
Chronic problems with the endocrine or circulatory system;
Serious physical activity for a long time;
Improper diet, bad habits, lack of fluid in the body;
Hormonal disorders, overweight;
Stress, depression.

Age also provokes the development of degenerative-dystrophic changes. But, according to the WHO, the majority of patients diagnosed with them in the last 10 years are young people.

And there is already a whole medical field, several institutes, whose activities are connected precisely with such problems.

Specialists have developed practical methods for treating diseases that cause, created preventive programs, massage techniques, new devices for physiotherapy.

Often, patients simply do not attach importance to the first signs indicating the development of this pathology. In most cases, its first stages are asymptomatic or are accompanied by short-term and not intense pain, a feeling of discomfort in the affected area of the spine.

The first signals from the body that degenerative and dystrophic changes begin to progress in the cervical spine are:

Aching short-term pain in the neck;
Numbness of the muscles above and between the shoulder blades;
Tingling and numbness of the fingers;
Frequent headaches and dizziness;
Decreased activity, drowsiness and weakness, apathy;
Deterioration in the quality of vision and hearing, coordination;
problems with memory and concentration;
Instability of arterial and intraocular pressure.

When the changes become more pronounced, the symptoms change, there may be a feeling of muscle strain in the neck without exertion, problems with cervical mobility begin, dizziness is accompanied by nausea and vomiting, tinnitus is permanent, vision deteriorates rapidly, aching pain in the neck gives sharp impulses to the occipital region of the head.

Stages of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical region

The cervical spine is the most active part of it. It consists of only 7 vertebrae and a huge number of nerve fibers, blood vessels. In addition, one of the most important blood arteries of the body passes through the cervical region, supplying the human brain.

Pathologies of the spine in this area affect the entire body, the patient's quality of life, and can adversely affect both the person's performance and his mental state.

The main stages of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine:

disc degeneration;
disc prolapse;
Disc extrusion;

The first stage is not accompanied by symptoms. Changes occur at the cellular level - the structure of the intervertebral disc is destroyed or changed, nutrients are not absorbed, and metabolic products are not excreted.

At the second stage of development of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical region, the spine begins to sag more actively. The thickness of the disc is significantly reduced, the patient has pain in the neck.

At the third stage of the pathology, a fragment of the nucleus extends beyond the intervertebral disc, that is, a hernia is formed. As a result of this, the nerve endings in the neck are constantly exposed, and quite aggressively, and the patient feels severe pain, often in the form of lumbago. Pain can be given to the back of the head, and in the jaw, and in the back.

The fourth stage of development of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine is the most serious and requires surgical rather than conservative treatment. It is characterized by severe pain, impaired mobility and motor functions in general.

Diagnosis of pathologies of the cervical spine

It is almost impossible to diagnose degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine at the first and second stages. Only a qualified, and most importantly, responsible and sensitive medical specialist is able to suspect the presence of problems of this nature when the patient first seeks help.

Symptoms can indicate a number of diseases that have nothing to do with the spine and changes in it.

It is possible to diagnose diseases that cause such changes in the structure of the spine only by taking a whole range of measures:

X-ray examination;
Conducting CT or MRI with contrast;
Collection and analysis of patient biomaterials.

At the initial treatment of the patient with complaints of discomfort or pain in the neck, the back of the head, as a rule, an x-ray is prescribed. But such a picture does not give a complete picture of the state of the vertebrae and intervertebral discs, nerve endings and blood vessels.

If symptoms persist actively and for a long period, CT (computed tomography) or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) with or without contrast is recommended.

CT and MRI images give a complete picture of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine, on the basis of which it is possible to prescribe the most effective methods of therapy, decide whether the use of massage is acceptable and choose its technique.

An analysis of the patient's biomaterials is necessary in order to identify the inflammatory process, to determine the presence or lack of substances involved in nutrition, the formation of cartilage and bone tissues.

How to treat degenerative-dystrophic pathologies of the cervical region

Unfortunately, it is impossible to achieve a full recovery with such pathologies. Such changes are not completely corrected even by surgery. Treatment of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine is aimed at reducing the intensity of pain and preventing further progression of the pathology.

It is carried out comprehensively and includes:

drug therapy;
Massage and therapeutic exercises;
Physiotherapy;
Vitamin therapy and taking chondroprotectors.

During exacerbations, the activity of the patient should be reduced to a minimum. The primary goal of treatment is to control inflammation and relieve pain. For this, muscle relaxants, analgesics in the form of tablets or injections, external painkillers - ointments, gels are prescribed. In parallel, compresses can be done, but only if such a step is approved by the attending physician.

Taking vitamins for degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine and crisis conditions associated with them is mandatory. This direction of therapy allows you to restore or improve blood circulation in the affected area, reduce the load on nerve fibers.

Massage, acupuncture and physiotherapy should not be prescribed to yourself on your own or resorted to such measures on the advice of relatives, colleagues, acquaintances whom they helped. The doctor allows them to be carried out after a detailed examination of the MRI or CT images of the cervical spine. In the presence of hernias in this area, massage, physiotherapy exercises and acupuncture are contraindicated.

Surgery is used to treat those patients who are no longer helped by conservative therapy.

The indications for the operation are the rapid development of the pathology, the presence of a large hernia that blocks the blood vessels and puts pressure on the nerve endings, a significant displacement of the vertebrae relative to each other and the spinal column, and the absence of cartilage between the vertebrae.

Against the background of such pathologies of the spine, serious complications can develop if high-quality diagnostics are not performed in a timely manner, the disease has not been established. The most dangerous of them are:

Spondylosis;
Spinal stenosis;
Hernias in the cervical region.

Spondylosis is a growth of bone tissue that causes severe pain and immobility. Their growth leads to a distortion of posture, which negatively affects not only the physical condition of the patient, but also the psychological one. A similar complication is typical for patients from the older age group, but also occurs among young people aged 30-35 years.

- This is a lesion of the spinal canal, accompanied by convulsions and severe pain. With such a complication of degenerative-dystrophic pathology of the cervical region, disturbances can occur even in the work of the intestines and urinary system, and vision and hearing are rapidly declining.

Hernias are accompanied by severe pain and stiffness. They are the most dangerous complication of the pathology and can be fatal, since even surgical treatment of such changes is impossible in advanced cases.

Prevention of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine

Such pathologies are easier to prevent than to treat. Regular gymnastics, an active lifestyle, proper nutrition and regular examinations by a therapist and a neurologist can become effective preventive measures.

Preventive and post-treatment measures are important. Patients are not recommended serious physical activity and passivity - a sedentary lifestyle.

If a degenerative-dystrophic change was previously diagnosed, it is necessary to undergo a detailed examination at least 2 times a year, including an MRI or CT scan. The complex of therapeutic exercises should be agreed with the attending physician, corrected after consultation with him, if the exercises adversely affect the condition or cause pain.

Degenerative diseases of the spinal column occupy one of the leading places among patients of different age categories. They are characterized by disorders in the tissues of the vertebrae, intervertebral discs, as well as their early wear. In especially neglected situations, any pathology in the back can cause disturbances in the functioning of internal organs, loss of working capacity and even disability.

To avoid this, you need to monitor the condition of your spine, regulate the load, lead an active lifestyle, and consult a doctor at the first unpleasant symptoms.

Causes

The main percentage of time a modern person spends in a position that is uncomfortable for the spine. It does not depend on whether he has a sedentary job or a physical one. The load on the skeleton in this situation is distributed incorrectly, there is no necessary physical activity in certain muscle groups that support the spinal column. The result is their weakening. Often at risk is the cervical region. The vertebrae in it are small and rather fragile, while the mobility is great, and the muscular corset is usually weak. DDSD of the cervical region is the most common pathology.

Among other reasons for its occurrence, it is worth noting:

genetic predisposition.
Excess weight.
Injuries, bruises of various segments of the spinal column (discs, joints, muscles).
Great physical activity.
Inflammatory processes in various parts of the spinal column.
Wrong nutrition.
Body aging.

Symptoms

Degenerative dystrophic changes in the spine are a consequence of violations in the structure of its segments (vertebrae, discs, etc.). In the absence of timely treatment, the disease can cause compression of the spinal cord and its nerve endings. However, the development of pathology proceeds for a sufficiently long time, so it is rather difficult to make a diagnosis in the early stages.

Degenerative diseases of the spine have distinctive features. They appear as:

chronic or acute pain;
weaknesses;
stiffness of movements;
loss of sensitivity.

Pathology can relate to various parts of the spinal column - lumbar, thoracic or cervical. For this reason, symptoms may vary.

Cervical lesion

Degenerative changes in this part of the spine are often associated with its special structure. A large number of nerve endings, veins and arteries are concentrated here, and the vertebrae themselves are small in size, as well as low strength. For this reason, the cervical region is more prone to various injuries than others.

Degenerative dystrophic changes in the cervical spine can not make themselves felt for a long period of time. However, gradually the patient will still begin to feel the following symptoms:

Pain radiating to the upper back.
Muscular tension.
High fatigue.
General discomfort.

Excessive loads on the cervical region contribute to a change in the position of the vertebrae. This can cause a functional blockade, an increase in the distance between the segments of the spinal column, contribute, up to the prolapse of the nucleus of the intervertebral disc.

Degenerative changes in the form of an intervertebral hernia are the most severe form of complications. Such a disease is dangerous because, if not treated in time, it can lead to violations of other parts of the spine, for example, the lumbar.

Thoracic injury

This part of the back is inactive and experiences the least stress. Degenerative dystrophic changes in the thoracic spine are not very common. The nerve endings here are located in such a way that the signs of the disease appear very imperceptibly or are completely absent. For this reason, there is a risk of misdiagnosis. This may lead to the appointment of ineffective treatment.

Degenerative changes in the thoracic region can be triggered by curvature of the spine, trauma, disruption of the supply of cartilage tissue with nutrients, or a decrease in blood flow.

Aching, aggravated by movement.
Loss or increase in sensitivity.
Failure of the internal organs.

Pathology of the lumbar

Vertebral degenerations of the L1-L5 level are diagnosed quite often. The functions of the lumbar region are cushioning, enabling the body to make turns and tilts. This part of the spine has a very large load, which causes premature aging of tissues, as well as a slowdown in the metabolic process.

Most often, the destruction of the vertebrae occurs rather slowly. Lumbar degenerations can constantly progress. This important fact must be taken into account when prescribing treatment.

You can determine the presence of a pathological condition of the lumbar spine by the following symptoms:

The occurrence of moderate pain of a constant or periodic nature. It can spread to the lower extremities, aggravated or standing up.
Numbness of the toes.
Violation of motor activity.

Types of spinal degeneration

Degenerative changes are diseases of the supporting element of the skeleton. They do not manifest themselves in one pathology of the spine, but represent a variety of different disorders. In this case, the same patient may develop symptoms of several diseases at once.

The following degenerative dystrophic diseases of the spine are distinguished:

Osteochondrosis. Reducing the thickness of the intervertebral disc.
. May occur in the absence of adequate treatment of osteochondrosis. It leads to the gradual destruction of all structural parts of the spine.
Arthrosis. Deformation of the joints, limitation of their mobility.
. It manifests itself in the displacement of the nucleus pulposus, accompanied by a rupture of the fibrous ring. Most common in the lumbar spine.
Stenosis (narrowing) of the spinal canal. According to MRI studies among people over 60 years old, more than 20% had such changes at the level of the lumbar spine. However, only a third of them experienced characteristic symptoms.

Diagnostics

If you find signs that indicate dystrophic changes in the spine, the patient should immediately seek the advice of a specialist. Diagnosis in this case is based on the clinical picture of the disease, as well as information obtained as a result of additional examination methods (radiography,).

The specialist will conduct an external examination, interview the patient and prescribe the necessary additional examination. The most informative diagnostic options include computed tomography and MRI. Using these methods, it is possible to detect degenerative and dystrophic changes in the spine at an early stage. Radiography (unlike MRI) provides reliable information only in the later stages of the development of pathology.

Treatment for degeneration

Degenerative processes in the sacral, lumbar, thoracic and cervical spine can provoke various pathologies. For this reason, based on the diagnostic results (including MRI), various treatments can be prescribed. The primary role of therapy is to eliminate the pain syndrome, limitation of mobility and the causes of the disease.

The principles of treatment are:

In the elimination of unwanted loads on the affected part of the spine.
Reducing patient pain.
In stimulation and strengthening of the muscles of the spinal column.

There are two methods of treatment of dystrophic changes - conservative and surgical. In most cases, if the diagnostics performed (radiography, computed tomography and MRI) do not show a threat to the natural functioning of internal organs, conservative methods of therapy are prescribed.

Surgery may be required if the disease is extremely severe.

conservative methods

Most pathologies of the spinal column are treated in the same effective ways. The main non-surgical therapies are as follows:

Bed rest. Lasts 4 to 6 days. The return to physical activity should occur gradually.
Brief immobilization. For this, external fixation devices are used. Wearing a cervical orthopedic collar, and other supporting means, which helps to reduce the load on damaged segments of the spinal column.
Prescribing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Excessive use of these drugs can have various side effects. Therefore, it is desirable to take them in short courses and in the minimum amount that ensures effectiveness.
Physiotherapy. Has various forms of treatment. They are prescribed by the attending physician based on the results of MRI and other types of diagnostics. Among the effective physiotherapeutic methods, one can distinguish exposure, electrophoresis, irradiation with ultraviolet rays.
Massage. Not recommended for severe pain syndrome. In the first days of treatment, this method must be used sparingly. Has a number of contraindications.

Surgical intervention

In the most difficult cases, surgical treatment is prescribed. Most often this occurs with compression lesions of the spine. They are detected using direct and lateral radiography, as well as computed tomography and MRI. The last two diagnostic methods allow you to see a layered pattern of tissues.

The principle is to release the nerve roots from compression. To do this, remove a hernia or damaged joint. In some cases, at the final stage of the operation, segments of the spinal column are fixed with special metal structures or special grafts are installed between the vertebrae.

Indications for surgical treatment may be:

Severe neglect of the disease (detected by MRI and radiography).
The rapid development of pathology.
The presence of pronounced neurological symptoms.
Strong pains.
Ineffectiveness of conservative treatment methods.

Prevention will help to avoid structural disorders of the spine. But if the alarming symptoms have already appeared, you should not postpone going to the doctor and be treated with traditional medicine. Only experienced specialists and modern diagnostic methods (MR-tomography, radiography) can reveal the true causes of the pain syndrome.