Increased uric acid content. Elevated uric acid

Uric acid is a substance that is normally formed in the human body and is involved in biochemical metabolic processes. It is involved in protein metabolism and is one of the end products of their metabolism.

Uric acid is formed in the liver tissue, where proteins that come from the intestines and are part of food are processed into components necessary for the body. Uric acid is excreted in the urine; the kidneys are responsible for this process.

What are the causes, symptoms and treatment of high blood uric acid levels in men and women? Let's look at it in this article.

Normal uric acid levels

On average, in a healthy person, the level of uric acid contained in the blood serum ranges from 180-400 µmol per liter. This norm is slightly different for women and men. In women it is 150-300 µmol per liter, in men – 200-400 µmol per liter.

In childhood, the physiological content of uric acid is slightly lower than in adults. It is 100-250 µmol per liter.

The level of uric acid in the blood must be constantly maintained at the same level. This is ensured by the coordinated work of several body systems. The main role in the metabolism of this substance is played by the liver and kidneys.

The physiological content of uric acid is maintained due to the consistency of its formation in the liver and excretion in the kidneys. If the regulatory mechanism is disrupted, the level of uric acid increases. A special condition develops – hyperuricemia.

Elevated uric acid levels

An increase in uric acid levels in human serum may be associated with a number of diseases that are systemic or local in nature. Some of them, at first glance, may not be directly related to the metabolism of a given substance, but complex biochemical connections in the body ensure the interaction of all organs and systems, due to which such interactions become possible.

Let's look at the main reasons for increased levels of uric acid in the blood.

Gout

Gout is a disease that most often leads to hyperuricemia. The mechanism of development of this pathology is directly related to the metabolism of uric acid. With gout, its synthesis in the liver is significantly accelerated due to the fact that a large amount of purines - nitrogenous bases - is formed in the body. As a result, uric acid does not have time to be released from the body and is deposited in tissues and organs. In large quantities, it has a pathological effect on the body, which explains the development of the disease.

The kidneys are the first to suffer from gout. Progression of the disease can lead to a serious complication - renal failure. Uric acid also damages other organs and systems.

The classic manifestation of this disease is pain in the joints, as uric acid salts are deposited in them. The substance also has an adverse effect on the vascular wall. This contributes to the development of atherosclerosis, which is known to be one of the risk factors for myocardial infarction and stroke.

With gout, a sharp increase in the level of uric acid in the blood serum is determined. This indicator is one of the important criteria for diagnosing the patient.

Hypertonic disease

Hypertension is a pathology, the causes of which have not yet been definitively established. Clinical studies have shown that with this disease, at stage 2, the level of uric acid in the blood increases significantly.

Doctors have not yet decided whether this is a consequence of the effects of high pressure on body tissues or, conversely, is one of the causes of hypertension. However, uric acid testing is actively used in the diagnosis of hypertension.

It is worth noting that a high concentration of the substance has a detrimental effect on kidney tissue, causing its death and atrophy. Therefore, such a phenomenon as hyperuricemia significantly complicates the course of hypertension.

Diseases of the endocrine glands

An increase in uric acid can be observed in pathologies such as:

Acromegaly (increased production of growth hormone - a pituitary hormone);
Hypoparathyroidism (lack of functional activity of the parathyroid glands);
Diabetes mellitus (insufficient production of insulin by the pancreas).

In a healthy body, endocrine glands produce hormones that regulate the functioning of organs and systems of the body. When their work is disrupted, the hormonal levels change dramatically. Both insufficient and excessive production of the hormone can cause pathological changes.

In these diseases, the regulation of one of the important metabolic cycles - the exchange of purine nucleotides - is disrupted. These substances are normally found in DNA and RNA. If the body no longer needs them, the nucleotides are destroyed in the liver to form uric acid.

This process is regulated by hormones from the pituitary gland, pancreas and parathyroid glands. With their pathologies, the functioning of the cycle is disrupted, and the level of uric acid in the blood increases significantly.

Obesity and atherosclerosis

These diseases are largely interconnected, as they arise due to disturbances in lipid metabolism in the body. This process is directly related to purine metabolism. Therefore, if a person has lipid profile disorders, then there is a high probability of developing hyperuricemia.

Other reasons

The above diseases most often lead to elevated levels of uric acid. However, there are a number of other factors that affect its metabolism. These include:

Eating large amounts of purine bases (they are found in offal, wine, meat);
Use of certain medications (for example, furosemide);
Intoxication (lead poisoning, acidosis in various pathologies, toxicosis of pregnant women);
Blood pathologies (polycythemia, leukemia, anemia with vitamin B12 deficiency).

One of the reasons for high uric acid may also be massive tissue destruction in the body. For example, this phenomenon occurs with severe burns, when the patient develops burn shock.

Symptoms of high uric acid levels

Increased uric acid, or hyperuricemia, is not an independent disease, but a symptom. What clinical manifestations each individual patient will have depends on what he or she is sick with. However, high levels are often associated with certain symptoms.

In childhood, hyperuricemia is manifested by the formation of pink pigment spots. They are caused by the presence of hereditary hyperuricemia in the child. The spots are located on the surface of the skin in the neck, cheeks, forehead, and chest.

Over time, these formations begin to release liquid, due to which a nutrient medium for the proliferation of microorganisms is formed on the surface. As a result, a secondary infection appears at the site of the spots. In addition, children with this pathology have increased sensitivity to many household and food allergens, so it is important to properly organize their nutrition.

In adults, the symptoms of hyperuricemia manifest themselves in a completely different way. They may experience:

Aching pain in the joints, especially tormenting the patient at night;
Sharp discomfort with any movement;
Swelling and change in the shape of the joints;
Redness of the skin above their surface;
Loss of ability to work.

Serious symptoms accompany the process of damage to kidney tissue by uric acid. Patients experience pain in the lumbar region, which often spreads to the groin area. Such patients have an increased risk of cystitis, so sometimes they also experience its clinical manifestations.

Patients are prone to the formation of urate stones, the movement of which through the excretory system is accompanied by severe painful attacks - renal colic.

However, uric acid affects not only the kidneys, but also many other systems of the body. In the oral cavity, the formation of tartar increases, and the condition of the gums and periodontium worsens. The heart develops cardiomyopathy, which can lead to myocardial infarction in severe cases. The nervous system becomes overtired, a person feels constantly tired, but at the same time cannot sleep normally.

Increased uric acid in the blood: treatment

The first step towards treating hyperuricemia is to undergo a complete examination. After laboratory and instrumental studies, the doctor can establish a diagnosis for the patient and prescribe the correct treatment.

The patient can take some measures independently, before seeing a doctor. So, he needs to completely adjust his diet. To do this, a specific diet is followed, which helps reduce the intake of purine nucleotides in the body and, as a result, reduce the production of uric acid.

The patient should completely limit the consumption of the following products:

Fat meat;
By-products;
Salo;
Sausages;
Marinades and pickles;
Sweet and flour;
Black tea and sparkling water;
Alcohol.

When cooking, you should use as few spicy seasonings as possible.

Doctors recommend using the following as the main components of the diet:

Boiled poultry meat;
Fermented milk products;
Fruits and vegetables in large quantities;
Green tea;
A small number of eggs;
Coffee only with milk, not strong;
Freshly made fruit drinks, compotes, jelly;
Bran bread.

If you give up your favorite food, the patient will, of course, experience discomfort, but diet is one of the main components in treatment. Additionally, the patient is prescribed medications that significantly reduce the level of uric acid in the blood. The main funds from this group are:

Colchicine;
Allopurinol;
Benzobromarone;
Sulfinpyrazone.

These medications are prescribed by a doctor. Only a qualified specialist is able to assess the course of the disease in each individual patient and select the type of treatment that will be optimal for him.

Thus, uric acid is a substance that is formed in the body and is normally completely eliminated from it. If these processes are disrupted, then an imbalance occurs between the formation and release of urates, and they are retained in the body.

From the blood, these substances enter tissues and organs, where they are deposited as sediment. Such formations cause enormous harm to all systems, primarily the kidneys. Therefore, it is important to promptly test the patient’s uric acid level, and if an increased urate level is detected, you need to sign up for an examination that will determine the cause of its occurrence.

Uric acid in the blood: norms and deviations, why it increases, diet to reduce

It would seem that a substance such as uric acid is difficult to combine with blood. In urine it’s a different matter, that’s where it belongs. Meanwhile, various metabolic processes are constantly taking place in the body with the formation of salts, acids, alkalis and other chemical compounds, which are excreted from the body by urine and the gastrointestinal tract, arriving there from the bloodstream.

Uric acid (UA) is also present in the blood and is formed in small quantities from purine bases. The purine bases needed by the body mainly come from the outside, with food, and are used in the synthesis of nucleic acids, although they are also produced by the body in some quantities. As for uric acid, it is the end product of purine metabolism and, in general, is not needed by the body. Its elevated level (hyperuricemia) indicates a violation of purine metabolism and can threaten the deposition of unnecessary salts in joints and other tissues, causing not only discomfort, but also serious illness.

Uric acid level and increased concentration

The level of uric acid in the blood of men should not exceed 7.0 mg/dL (70.0 mg/L) or be in the range of 0.24 - 0.50 mmol/L. In women, the norm is slightly lower - up to 5.7 mg/dl (57 mg/l) or 0.16 - 0.44 mmol/l, respectively.

The UA formed during purine metabolism must dissolve in the plasma in order to subsequently leave through the kidneys, but plasma cannot dissolve more than 0.42 mmol/l of uric acid. Normally, 2.36–5.90 mmol/day (250–750 mg/day) is removed from the body in urine.

At its high concentration, uric acid forms a salt (sodium urate), which is deposited in tophi (peculiar nodules) in various types of tissues with an affinity for uric acid. Most often, tophi can be observed on the ears, hands, feet, but the favorite place is the surface of the joints (elbow, ankle) and tendon sheaths. In rare cases, they are able to merge and form ulcers, from which urate crystals emerge as a white dry mass. Sometimes urates are found in the bursae, causing inflammation, pain, and limited mobility (synovitis). Uric acid salts can be found in bones with the development of destructive changes in bone tissue.

The level of uric acid in the blood depends on its production during purine metabolism, glomerular filtration and reabsorption, as well as tubular secretion. Most often, an increased concentration of uric acid is a consequence of poor nutrition, especially for people with a hereditary pathology (autosomal dominant or X-linked fermentopathy), in which the production of uric acid in the body increases or its elimination slows down. Genetically determined hyperuricemia is called primary, secondary stems from a number of other pathological conditions or is formed under the influence of lifestyle.

Thus, we can conclude that The causes of increased uric acid in the blood (excessive production or delayed excretion) are:

Genetic factor;
Poor nutrition;
Renal failure (impaired glomerular filtration, decreased tubular secretion - UA does not pass from the bloodstream into the urine);
Accelerated nucleotide metabolism (lympho- and myeloproliferative diseases, hemolytic).
The use of salicylic drugs and.

The main reasons for the increase...

Medicine calls one of the reasons for the increase in uric acid in the blood unhealthy diet namely, consuming an unreasonable amount of foods that accumulate purine substances. These are smoked products (fish and meat), canned food (especially sprats), beef and pork liver, kidneys, fried meat dishes, mushrooms and all sorts of other goodies. A great love for these products leads to the fact that the purine bases needed by the body are absorbed, and the final product, uric acid, turns out to be unnecessary.

It should be noted that products of animal origin, which play an important role in increasing the concentration of uric acid, since they carry purine bases, usually contain large amounts cholesterol. Being carried away by such favorite dishes, without observing measures, a person can deal a double blow to his body.

A diet low in purines consists of dairy products, pears and apples, cucumbers (not pickled, of course), berries, potatoes and other fresh vegetables. Canning, frying or any kind of “witchcraft” over semi-finished products noticeably worsens the quality of food in this regard (the content of purines in food and the accumulation of uric acid in the body).

...And the main manifestations

Excess uric acid is carried throughout the body, where the expression of its behavior can have several options:

Urate crystals are deposited and form microtophi in cartilage, bone and connective tissues, causing gouty diseases. Urates accumulated in cartilage are often released from tophi. This is usually preceded by exposure to factors that provoke hyperuricemia, for example, a new supply of purines and, accordingly, uric acid. Salt crystals are captured by white blood cells (phagocytosis) and are found in the synovial fluid of the joints (synovitis). This is an acute attack gouty arthritis.
Urates entering the kidneys can be deposited in the interstitial renal tissue and lead to the formation of gouty nephropathy, and then renal failure. The first symptoms of the disease can be considered a permanently low specific gravity of urine with the appearance of protein in it and an increase in blood pressure (arterial hypertension), later changes in the organs of the excretory system occur, and pyelonephritis develops. The completion of the process is considered to be the formation renal failure.
Increased uric acid content, formation of salts(urates and calcium stones) when it is retained in the kidneys + increased acidity of urine in most cases leads to the development kidney stone disease.

All movements and transformations of uric acid that determine its behavior as a whole can be interconnected or exist in isolation (depending on who it is).

Uric acid and gout

When talking about purines, uric acid, diet, it is impossible to ignore such an unpleasant disease as gout. In most cases, it is associated with MK, and besides, it is difficult to call it rare.

Gout predominantly develops in mature males and sometimes runs in families. Elevated levels of uric acid (hyperuricemia) are observed long before symptoms of the disease appear.

The first attack of gout is also no different in the brightness of the clinical picture, just that the big toe of one of the feet hurts, and after five days the person again feels completely healthy and forgets about this annoying misunderstanding. The following attack can appear after a long period of time and is more pronounced:

Treating the disease is not easy, and sometimes it is not harmless to the body as a whole. Therapy aimed at the manifestation of pathological changes includes:

In an acute attack, colchicine is used, which reduces the intensity of pain, but tends to accumulate in white blood cells, preventing their movement and phagocytosis, and, consequently, participation in the inflammatory process. Colchicine inhibits hematopoiesis;
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - NSAIDs that have an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect, but negatively affect the digestive tract;
Diacarb prevents stone formation (participates in their dissolution);
Anti-gout drugs probenecid and sulfinpyrazone promote increased excretion of sUA in the urine, but are used with caution in case of changes in the urinary tract; in parallel, large fluid intake, diacarb and alkalizing drugs are prescribed. Allopurinol reduces the production of uric acid, promotes the reverse development of tophi and the disappearance of other symptoms of gout, therefore, probably, this drug is one of the best treatments for gout.

The patient can significantly increase the effectiveness of treatment if he takes on a diet containing a minimum amount of purines (only for the needs of the body, and not for accumulation).

Diet for hyperuricemia

Low-calorie diet (table No. 5 is best if the patient is okay with his weight), meat and fish - without fanaticism, 300 grams per week and no more. This will help the patient reduce uric acid in the blood, live a full life, without suffering from attacks of gouty arthritis. Patients with signs of this disease who are overweight are recommended to use table No. 8, remembering to unload every week, but remember that complete fasting is prohibited. Lack of food at the very beginning of the diet will quickly raise the level of sUA and exacerbate the process. But you should seriously think about additional intake of ascorbic acid and B vitamins.

All days while the exacerbation of the disease lasts should proceed without eating meat and fish dishes. Food should not be solid, however, it is better to consume it in liquid form (milk, fruit jellies and compotes, juices from fruits and vegetables, soups with vegetable broth, porridge “smear”). In addition, the patient should drink a lot (at least 2 liters per day).

It should be borne in mind that a significant amount of purine bases is found in such delicacies as:

On the contrary, the minimum concentration of purines is observed in:

This is a short list of foods that are prohibited or allowed for patients who detect the first signs of gout and elevated uric acid in a blood test. The second part of the list (milk, vegetables and fruits) will help reduce uric acid in the blood.

Uric acid is reduced. What could this mean?

Uric acid in the blood is reduced, first of all, when using anti-gout drugs, which is absolutely natural, because they reduce the synthesis of uric acid.

In addition, the cause of a decrease in uric acid levels can be a decrease in tubular reabsorption, a hereditary decrease in UA production, and in rare cases, hepatitis and anemia.

Meanwhile, a reduced level of the end product of purine metabolism (exactly like an increased level) in urine is associated with a wider range of pathological conditions, however, urine analysis for UA content is not so common; it is usually of interest to specialists dealing with a specific problem . It is unlikely to be useful for self-diagnosis for patients.

Video: uric acid in joints, doctor’s opinion

Uric acid is the final product of the decomposition of purine bases in the human body. If purines are supplied with food in small or normal quantities, the acid is successfully excreted in the urine. In this case, no problems or metabolic disorders arise. But often people have high levels of uric acid in the blood. This happens when consuming large amounts of purine-rich foods.

This leads to an imbalance of acids and alkalis. Many purines are found in foods of animal origin. If a person's diet is dominated by such foods, they are at increased risk of increasing uric acid levels.

In medicine, this condition is called hyperuricemia. If the acid balance is not normalized and treatment is not started at this stage, it will be deposited in cartilage tissues and joints, which will lead to numerous inflammatory processes in the body.

Why does the amount of uric acid in the blood increase?

If a person has a balanced diet, approximately 600 mg of uric acid is formed in his body every day. Most of it (400 mg) is excreted in the urine, and the rest is excreted in the intestines.

The normal concentration of this substance in the blood of men is no more than 55 mg/l, and in women - 40 mg/l. If the amount of acid is more than 70 mg/l, doctors diagnose hyperuricemia. With the onset of menopause, women experience a slight increase in this indicator in the blood, and at this time the norm will be 45 mg/l. Hyperuricemia occurs when the concentration of this substance increases to 60 mg/l. Most often, this condition develops in men. Women are less susceptible to this metabolic disorder. An increase in uric acid can occur with prolonged exercise, fasting and a low-calorie diet.

The main causes of hyperuricemia:

A large amount of purines in the daily diet. Diet mainly products of animal origin.
Kidney diseases. With such pathologies, uric acid is not excreted from the body in full and is deposited in it.
Absence from birth of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, an enzyme that is involved in the exchange of purine bases and uric acid. This pathology is rare.

Conditions that lead to increased levels of uric acid in the blood:

Overweight and obesity
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Leukemia
Diseases of the parathyroid glands
Diabetes
Barrel malfunction
Diseases of the heart and blood vessels
Increased acidity in the body
Hypothyroidism

Taking medications: diuretics, tuberculosis drugs, aspirin, cancer chemotherapy.

High uric acid in the blood over a long period leads to the following diseases:

Gout
Urolithiasis disease
Increased blood pressure
Angina pectoris
Myocardial infarction
Heart rhythm disturbances

How to reduce uric acid in the blood: folk remedies

You can reduce the amount of uric acid in the blood with the help of medications. Patients are often prescribed the drug Allopurinol. Its mechanism of action is to block the conversion of purines to uric acid.

There are many ways to get rid of hyperuricemia using herbal infusions. Traditional medicine can be very effective if your uric acid level in the blood is not too high, but there is a risk of its increase. Herbal medicines are sometimes prescribed along with traditional treatment and to prevent the development of a pathological condition.

Infusion based on lingonberry leaves. Take 1 tsp. dried leaves and fill them with 1 tbsp. boiling water. Cover and wrap, cook the infusion for about 30 minutes. After straining, take 1 sip every hour.
Fresh nettle juice will also help reduce the amount of uric acid and speed up its excretion in the urine. Squeeze the juice from fresh leaves and drink it undiluted, 1 tsp. 3 times a day.
A decoction of birch leaves accelerates the excretion of uric acid and normalizes the acid-base balance of the body. To prepare it, take 2 tbsp. l. dried or fresh young birch leaves. Fill them with 2 tbsp. boiling water Cook over low heat for about 10 minutes. Then remove from heat and leave in a sealed container for 40 minutes. Strain the broth and drink it 1/3 tbsp. 20 minutes before meals. The optimal number of receptions is 3 per day.
Red madder root for hyperuricemia is taken orally in the form of a weak decoction. To make it, you need to take 1 tsp. dried and crushed root of this plant and pour 1 tbsp. boiling water. The infusion is boiled over low heat for about 10 minutes, and then infused for 1 hour. This portion is designed for 1 day of treatment. The strained broth should be divided into 2 equal parts and 1 should be taken in the morning, and the 2nd in the evening.
Onion decoction should be taken for 2 weeks to improve the condition and reduce uric acid levels. To prepare it, take 2 medium-sized onions. Do not peel them, but simply rinse them thoroughly. Cook over low heat, adding 1 liter of clean water, until the onion is completely boiled. Then strain the broth and cool. You need to drink 3 times a day before eating 20 minutes. After a two-week course, it is recommended to take a break, and if alarming symptoms appear again, treatment can be repeated.
Many people who have tried various methods of traditional medicine note the high effectiveness of knotweed grass for hyperuricemia. This plant has an irritating effect on the gastric mucosa, so it is recommended to use it in the form of a mixture with other herbs. Prepare a mixture of dried and crushed herbs: 1 tbsp. l. knotweed herbs, 2 tbsp. l. strawberry and black currant leaves. Fill this collection with 3 tbsp. boiling water and leave for 3 hours. After this, strain and cool. Take 2 tbsp. l. infusion 3 times a day before meals.

Diet for high uric acid: key principles

With a slight increase in the level of uric acid in the blood, it is enough to simply normalize the diet. Some time after switching to a special diet, the indicator in blood tests will be lowered or normal. You will have to completely eliminate the following foods:

Coffee and chocolate
Fresh grapes and all products made from them (raisins, wines and cognac)
Chicken, fish and meat broths
Raw smoked products
Legumes (beans, soybeans, peas, etc.)
Eggplant
Nuts and seeds
By-products (for example, liver, kidneys, heart, etc.)
Cakes and pastries with various types of creams
Fried fish (any)
Cauliflower
Whole milk
Sorrel greens and lettuce leaves
Turnips and radishes
Pork and any dishes made from it
Products containing preservatives (canned food)

You should limit your use:

Boiled-smoked products
Tomatoes - no more than 2-3 pcs. in a day
Coffee drinks based on barley and chicory
Plums
Parsley and onion
Lard and animal fats
Butter
Alcoholic drinks of any kind
Milk porridge, milk in tea

Very useful to eat:

Peeled potatoes, prepared in any way
Boiled meat and fish
Boiled and then baked rabbit, chicken and turkey meat
Green apples of different varieties
Pumpkin and carrots
Beet
Cucumbers and white cabbage
Cottage cheese, kefir, sour cream
Watermelons
Garlic and onion
Lemons and other citrus fruits
White and black bread
Dill greens
Eggs, but no more than 3 pieces. in Week
Green or herbal tea
Various vegetable oils, especially olive

An increase in uric acid in the blood is not a dangerous condition. But to prevent it from developing into serious diseases, you need to follow simple nutritional recommendations and follow a diet. It is advisable to exclude foods that are prohibited forever, and not eat them, even after the amount of uric acid in the blood returns to normal.

Uric acid (UA) in the blood is an essential part of biological processes and chemical reactions in protein metabolism in the body.

This acid is synthesized in liver cells from the proteins present that came from the intestines and were formed from incoming food products.

Uric acid in the blood, what is it?

Uric acid (UA) is found in blood plasma and is formed from purine molecules in small quantities.

Purine base molecules, which play a significant role in the body, enter its composition through food and take active actions in the synthesis of nucleic acid.

Hyperuricemia (this is an increase in sUA in the blood) causes deposits in the body in the form of salts on the joints and muscle tissues, which provokes severe diseases and severe pain.

The importance of uric acid in the body

In humans, uric acid atoms are located in the blood plasma; its formation occurs from the decomposition of purine bases. The appearance of uric acid is a normal process in the body, so you should not be wary of its high concentration.

At normal levels in plasma, the acid helps neutralize free radicals, which reduces the risk of cancer in the body.

Uric acid corrects the nitrogen level, and when it is high, removes its excess.

If the concentration of uric acid is higher than normal, then the body signals that it is in danger, and it is necessary to change the diet and way of living.

Functionality of uric acid

The sodium salt contained in uric acid is necessary to perform two vital functions of the body:

Stimulating the functioning of brain cells by activating adrenaline and enhancing the effects of norepinephrine;
Uric acid is a biological antioxidant, therefore it actively fights malignant neoplasms (it stops the process of degeneration of cancer cells).

The concentration of uric acid and its level is a trait that is transmitted at the genetic level.

People who have a congenital increase in the presence of uric acid in their plasma have creative abilities, they are more active and have excellent enthusiasm.

The uric acid formula is chemically very similar to the caffeine formula.

Reasons for lowering MK

Uric acid in blood plasma is reduced from the use of anti-gout medications.

The following pathologies in the body also affect the reduction:

Wilson-Konovalov disease - with damage to liver cells;
Fanconi pathology is a disease in the kidneys when the cells of the organ cannot prevent large amounts of uric acid from leaving the body;
Gigantism or acromegaly disease - all the acid is spent on growing cells;
Celiac disease;
The pathology of xanthinuria is the absence of an enzyme that promotes the production of uric acid;
Bronchogenic carcinoma;
Pathology myeloma;
Diseases of the renal tubules;
Not eating animal protein is vegetarianism.

The possibility of increasing the level of uric acid in the blood plasma means the need to normalize a proper and healthy diet, and introduce animal products into the diet.

Clinical signs of congenital hyperconcentration

Symptoms that indicate increased acid levels are manifested by various pathologies.

In young children, congenital high plasma levels (a type of hyperuricemia of congenital etiology) are a manifestation on the skin in the form of diathesis, and if the concentration is greatly increased, it can provoke psoriasis.

Signs of manifestation in a child:

Rash on the forehead and also on the cheeks;
Large pink spots on the chest;
The rashes irritate the skin and itch;
Next, the spots release liquid and burst;
Infection may occur in these areas of the body.

Doctors are looking for the cause of the allergic reaction and methods to eliminate it, because in the future there may be problems with nutrition and a long course of treatment.

Increased urea index in the male body

In men who are more than 50 calendar years old, joint pain begins to worsen. Most often, several joints are affected, and the main damage occurs to the thumbs of the lower extremities, as well as the fingers.

Quite rarely, an excess of urea appears in lesions:

Damage to the knees;
Damage to the elbow joints;
Carpal joints;
Shoulder joints;
And hip joints.

The pain worsens at night. Painful sensations not only from moving the affected joint, but also from simply touching the affected area.

Signs of joint damage:

Swelling and swelling of the joints;
Deformation;
Skin redness on the joints;
Feeling of heat in the affected area;
The joint loses its functionality.

With the loss of joint functionality, a man who is not yet old loses the ability to live a quality life and loses his ability to work.

The main reason for an increase in the uric acid index (UA) in men is an unbalanced and unhealthy diet, the predominance of protein foods in a man’s diet, as well as frequent overload of the body.

Standard uric acid index

A healthy body independently adjusts the content of uric acid in serum and blood plasma. Its excess is removed using urine and feces. The norm in children and in adult women and men is different.

Exceeding the concentration index is called hyperuricemia. This disease more often manifests itself in the male body than urea, which is elevated in women.

Causes and manifestations of hyperuricemia

Hyperuricemia has the ability to manifest itself over a short period of time, and if you get rid of the provocateurs of the pathology, then the normative acid will return to normative levels.

What causes urea to increase in the body:

Heavy sports loads;
Consequences of a starvation diet (the fair sex likes to indulge in such diets);
From excessive consumption of protein foods (meat products, eggs).

If the level of uric acid is elevated for a long period of time, this indicates a pathology in the body, and such an increase requires therapeutic treatment.

An excess of urate salts settles on the joints, as well as on the renal tubules, and in the form of stones in the bladder and in the urethral canal.

Immune cells try to fight them, but then the structure of the joint itself is disrupted, and this is how joint pathology is formed - the disease gout.

The manifestation of acid salts in the renal tissues of the tubules provokes kidney stones.

Also, uric acid salt crystals can be debugged:

In the muscle of the heart organ (cause myocardial infarction);
In eye tissues (provoke cataracts);
In the tissues of the bladder (provoke urolithiasis and cystitis);
In the cells of the stomach;
Composed of intestinal cells.

The main factors for increasing uric acid in the blood are:

Poor diet that causes hyperuricemia

This is the main factor that provokes a high uric acid index (UA) in the blood plasma. Uncontrolled consumption of foods that accumulate purine molecules.

Purine bases are completely absorbed by the body, and their final decomposition product accumulates in the blood in the form of uric acid.

Products that are of animal origin also have the ability to increase the cholesterol index in the body, because they have an increased concentration of cholesterol in animal fats.

Being carried away by foods containing animal fat, there is a double blow to the heart organ and blood vessels (in the form of cholesterol and sodium salts).

A diet that has a minimum content of cholesterol and purine in foods is the first therapy to reduce the uric acid index in the body.

Diseases caused by hyperuricemia

Excess uric acid is carried by the blood throughout the body, where it is expressed in various manifestations and has a great effect on the body:

Urates form microtophi in joint tissues and cartilage. The process of accumulation in connective joint tissues and cartilage provokes inflammation in these organs and leads to gout. This pathology develops rapidly and begins with arthritis of the joints;
Urates that enter the renal tubules are deposited in the interstitial tissue. They provoke nephropathy of gouty etiology. The first signs appear in the form of arterial hypertension, as well as the appearance of protein in the urine. This pathology spreads throughout the urinary system and provokes: pyelonephritis (inflammation of the kidneys), urolithiasis and kidney stones, and cystitis (inflammation of the bladder). With urolithiasis, inflammation in the urethral canal (urethritis) often occurs. At the final stage of kidney damage, renal failure appears;
Uric acid salt settles in the oral cavity in the form of stones on the teeth. These stones lead to inflammation of the gums (periodontal disease) and impaired nutrition of the dental membranes;
Deposition of urate in the myocardium leads to weakening of the heart muscle, and when combined with cholesterol, it provokes coronary insufficiency, which can cause a disease - myocardial infarction;
When urate is found in the adrenal glands, their activity will be disrupted, and this leads to arterial hypertension;
In the nervous system, urates manifest themselves: severe irritability, constant fatigue, anxiety and insomnia.

All manifestations of derivatives of uric acid salts can be isolated (in one organ), or manifest throughout the body.

Diagnostics

To make an accurate diagnosis of hyperuricemia, it is necessary to undergo a diagnostic test of the level of uric acid in the blood:

General blood test - shows the leukocyte index, which is very important to confirm inflammation in the body;
Biochemical analysis of blood composition - determines the existence of uric acid in the blood and its concentration in the blood plasma;
Ultrasound (ultrasound examination) of the liver;
Ultrasound of the heart organ;
Ultrasound (ultrasound examination) of the kidneys and urinary system.

Changes in the standard indicator in the biological material submitted are influenced by several significant factors:

The number and volume of amino acids that take part in the body’s metabolism, as well as in its protein metabolism;
The functioning of the liver, stomach and proper functioning of the intestines;
Normal functionality of the kidneys and urinary tract (MK is excreted in urine in a larger volume).

Preparing for the test

To ensure that the results of the biochemical analysis for uric acid are as accurate as possible, You need to listen to the following recommendations and prepare your body for a blood test:

Therapy for hyperuricemia

It is quite difficult to treat the pathology, and the drugs have many side effects on the body.

Therapy includes directions for the treatment of pathologies, and is also aimed at relieving painful symptoms:

To relieve the symptoms of an acute attack of gouty pain, use the drug colchicine. This drug has side effects - inhibition of the hematopoietic system;
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) help relieve the inflammatory process in gouty lesions. Have a negative effect on the digestive organs and intestines;
The drug Diacarb blocks the process of stone formation. Side effect - affects the gastrointestinal tract;
Anti-gout drugs Probenecid and the drug Sulfinpyrazone help the release of uric acid in urine. The use of these drugs should be used with caution in case of disturbances in the urinary system. It is necessary to take a large volume of fluid, as well as Diacarb preparations and means for alkalizing the body;
Taking the drug Allopurinol. This drug is responsible for reducing the production of sUA. This drug is a leader in drug treatment to reduce uric acid and relieve gout symptoms.

The diet for hyperuricemia is table No. 5. This diet is low-calorie. Fish is consumed in minimal quantities - no more than 300.0 grams per week.

If a patient with hyperuricemia has increased body weight, then he is recommended to follow diet table No. 8. And do fasting days once a week; only complete fasting is prohibited for this pathology.

Hunger aggravates the disease, as uric acid increases. It is also recommended to consume vitamin C and B vitamins during the diet.

Authorized Products	Prohibited Products
low purine index	high purine index
· milk;	· calf liver;
· dairy products;	· veal kidneys and tongue;
· eggs, but only from domestic chicken;	· veal, pork, and young chicken;
· caviar red or black;	· all fatty meats;
· potato;	· smoked products;
· leaf salad;	· canned fish with added oil;
· cucumbers;	· green peas;
· carrot;	· mushrooms in various ways of preparation;
· beet;	· greens: sorrel and spinach;
· pumpkin;	Brussels sprouts;
· bread and bakery products;	· coffee;
· all cereals;	· cocoa and chocolate.
· nuts;
· citrus fruits;
· plum, prunes;
· apricot, dried apricots;
· apples;
· fresh and canned pears.

It is prohibited to consume prohibited foods if the uric acid index is high, but if the index is reduced, it is recommended.

Approved products must be used daily - this will help reduce uric acid levels and maintain them within normal limits.

Preventive methods for a normal index in the body of MK

To prevent protein metabolism disorders in the human body and keep uric acid normal, proper nutrition is necessary.

In addition to eating healthy foods, you also need to adhere to the specifics of rational eating:

Breakfast is required;
Avoid long breaks between meals;
Eating up to 6 times a day;
Drink up to 3000 milliliters of clean water per day;
Do not drink drinks that contain carbon dioxide;
Avoid alcoholic beverages;
Salt and sugar are prohibited.

Video: Uric acid in joints.

Conclusion

A high concentration of uric acid is not dangerous for the human body, but it can provoke quite serious pathologies in the body.

The combined use of therapy and diet, as well as adequate stress on the body and an active lifestyle will help establish metabolism in the body and maintain a normal uric acid index in the blood.

About half of people in adulthood complain of gradually increasing pain and discomfort in the joints. This is especially true for those who are overweight.

All these unpleasant symptoms are usually accompanied by increased blood pressure and poor general health.

In addition to advanced age, the objective cause of this condition may be uric acid, or rather its increased content in the blood.

The level of uric acid in the blood in men, women, children

For an adult, it is considered normal to have a uric acid level of 150 to 420 µm/l, depending on gender.

If it exceeds the specified norm, then this may be the basis for diagnosis hyperuricemia.

Uric acid and the mechanism of its formation

Uric acid is a natural organic substance; it is synthesized by the human liver from purines, which are found in a large number of foods.

Once in the blood, uric acid reacts chemically with carbon dioxide and leaves the body through the kidneys.

Foods that contain large amounts of purines include:

alcoholic drinks;
seafood;
liver;
confectionery;
fruit syrups;
some legumes.

Uric acid plays a very important role in the metabolic process; it performs many functions aimed at ensuring the normal functioning of the body:

neutralizes free radicals and prevents the onset of cancer;
has a beneficial effect on the functions of the brain and central nervous system.

Elevated uric acid in the blood - causes

Why do elevated uric acid levels occur?

The blood of a healthy person under different circumstances may contain different amounts of uric acid, since everything depends on diet, physical activity, bad habits and chronic diseases.

Minor fluctuations in the concentration of this substance usually do not cause any pathologies.

If the body, for various reasons, cannot cope with its processing, then excess uric acid, turning into salts, can settle in human organs and tissues. This condition can be qualified as a pathology called hyperuricemia.

There are two types of this disease.

Idiopathic hyperuricemia It is rare and is a global disorder of purine processing that is inherited. For this reason, this type of hyperuricemia is diagnosed at an early age.

Secondary hyperuricemia is a widespread disease that occurs as a result of a disorder of purine metabolism. This can be caused by pathological changes in various organs.

Let us briefly list the diseases in which an increase in uric acid levels may be observed.

Inflammatory processes that occur in the gallbladder and liver (cirrhosis,).
Obesity.
Inflammatory processes in the kidneys associated with disorders of their functions.
Chronic acute infectious diseases of the respiratory system, complicated by inflammatory processes.
, provoked by an insufficient amount of vitamin B12 and metabolic disorders.
Increased blood sugar.
Bronchial asthma.
Skin diseases.
Toxicoses of pregnancy, which provoke the development of acidosis.
Alcohol poisoning.

Separately, it should be noted that an increase in the level of uric acid in the blood can occur as a result of long-term use of certain medications (Furosemide, Aspirin, Phenothiazines, Theophylline, Adrenaline, etc.). These are substances that contain components that inhibit the metabolism of purines in the human body.

These may turn out to be drugs used in chemotherapy, diuretics, and long-term medications for tuberculosis.

Those at risk are those who follow strict diets, as well as people who abuse foods high in purines.

Symptoms of high uric acid in the blood

A high amount of uric acid in childhood often manifests itself in various dermatological problems. These could be various types of rashes. This conceals some of the insidiousness of hyperuricemia.

It happens that enormous effort and money are spent on getting rid of allergies and skin diseases at a time when the real cause of these symptoms is associated with a completely different pathology.

Nonspecific symptoms of increased uric acid in the blood are considered to be rapid fatigue, constant fatigue, frequent formation of dense deposits in the oral cavity, even with proper sanitation and dental treatment.

Secondary hyperuricemia is more often diagnosed in the male half of the population after 45 years of age. This is due to the greater predisposition of men to bad habits and poor nutrition.

Elevated uric acid in the blood - diet and treatment

The fight against hyperuricemia and treatment of high levels of uric acid in the blood should begin with a review of the diet. It is necessary to exclude components rich in purines from it.

Meals should be regular, but in small doses. All kinds of fasting and any other diets are prohibited. The patient should not drink any kind of carbonated drinks, alcohol, tea, etc.

The consumption of the following dishes is minimized: smoked meats, meat by-products, fried and fatty meats, sausages, meat broths, anchovies, legumes, sweets, pastries, chocolate, white bread.

It is important to limit your salt intake, therefore, for a patient with hyperuricemia, seasonings, sauces, and homemade preserves are prohibited.

On the contrary, the consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits is not limited. Freshly squeezed juices, kefir, and cottage cheese will not harm.

Drink plenty of fluids is a good prerequisite for removing excess uric acid from the body. You can achieve tangible results by drinking up to 15 glasses of water a day.

Hyperuricemia can occur for various reasons. Accordingly, treatment methods must be adequately related to the level of uric acid accumulated in the body and the cause of this disorder.

It is very important not to limit yourself to taking only painkillers and anti-inflammatory medications, since in this case only temporary relief is possible. At the same time, if treated incorrectly, the problem can start, and subsequent relapses are possible, which can pose a serious threat to life.

If a patient has it, then he automatically falls into the risk group for developing gout. Therefore, weight loss is the basis for further successful treatment.

If the uric acid level approaches critical, then drug treatment is prescribed. The treatment regimen is prescribed by a doctor who constantly monitors the patient’s condition.

The action of these drugs should be aimed at intensifying the process of removing uric acid, as well as reducing its production in the liver.

These may be diuretics: diacarb or furosemide together with sulfinpyrazole, allopurinol or other blockers of uric acid synthesis.

From folk remedies if uric acid in the blood increases, a decoction of a herbal mixture (birch buds, nettle and lingonberry leaf) is recommended; drink 1 glass 2 times a day for a month.

In a normal diet, it is worth including a decoction of rose hips and bran in your diet.

I hope the site answered the question of why the level of uric acid in a person’s blood increases, described the main symptoms and gave recommendations for changes in diet and treatment of this condition, which is dangerous for further progression if dangerous signs are ignored.