Team barrier. High jump and overcoming obstacles

Hurdling is an athletics discipline that develops jumping ability, flexibility, speed performance and coordination of movements. This sport was invented by the British in the 19th century. Initially, the design of the racks and crossbar, as well as the rules of the competition, were different from those used today. The founder of the modern hurdling technique is considered to be the American athlete Alvin Krantzline.

Rules

Races are held at distances: 50 m, 60 m, 100 m for women, 110 m for men, 400 m.

At short distances:

for men, the distance between the barriers is 9.14 m, the height of the barriers is 1.067 m;
for women, the distance between the barriers is 8.5 m, the height of the barriers is 0.84 m.

In the 400m races:

for men, the distance between the barriers is 35 m, the height of the barriers is 0.914 m;
for women, the distance between the barriers is 35 m, the height of the barriers is 0.762 m.

The 400m hurdles are held on a circular track, while the short distance races are held on a straight line. Each athlete moves along his own path. The obstacles are located at the same distance from each other so that the supports are directed towards the starting line. To knock down the barrier, you need to apply a load of about 4 kg. If the athlete hits an obstacle, the structure will fall forward without harming the runner.

Technique

The technique of hurdling is complicated because this sport includes several disciplines of athletics. In order to analyze the movements of the hurdler, we will divide the distance covered into several stages:

start, starting acceleration;
taking the first barrier;
running along the main distance;
finishing.

Start, acceleration

The competition takes place from a low start. At the command “Attention!” the athlete raises the pelvis to shoulder level. Hearing the signal “March!” the athlete starts, gradually straightening the body in 4-5 steps. The most effective jump is performed by athletes whose center of mass is approximately in line with the crossbar. The starting acceleration stage ends with the raising of the fly leg, which should attack the obstacle. In this case, the pushing leg is located at a distance of approximately 2 m from the barrier.

Taking the first barrier

Hurdling does not involve jumping over obstacles, as it may seem from the outside, but rather overcoming a barrier. In other words, you need to strive to move forward, not upward. The technique for taking any barrier is the same. But successfully taking the first obstacle is especially important, because at the beginning of the distance the rhythm of movement is set.

Overcoming the barrier can also be divided into substages:

crossing the crossbar;

To attack, you need to raise your swing leg, bent at the knee. Then straighten your shin, pointing your heel forward. The thigh is parallel to the horizontal plane. The hand opposite the swing leg goes forward and reaches for the toe. The knee of the pushing leg is turned to the side. The body and head are in a straight line.

The transition over the barrier begins with raising the pushing leg, bent at the knee, and the ankle is extended. The thigh should be kept higher than the shin and heel. The swing leg is directed downwards. The swing hand goes back, the second hand goes forward.

During the descent, it is advisable to place the swing leg on a support by rolling from toe to heel at a distance of approximately 130 cm from the barrier. It is important not to tilt your body back, but to keep it straight.

Main course running

The technique of hurdling is not much different from sprinting. The length of the distance and the number of obstacles are designed in such a way that the athlete must take 3 running steps between obstacles. The first will be short, the second will be the longest, the third, preparatory before the jump, will be 15-20 cm shorter than the previous one. You need to run with your torso slightly tilted forward. It is very important to set a rhythm and not lose track of it, even if you hit an obstacle. You should take this calmly and continue moving towards the finish line. At the end of the distance, due to the athlete’s fatigue, the speed will be lower than at the start.

According to the rules, it is forbidden to carry your foot over the crossbar from the side and deliberately knock over the racks.

Finishing

Begins after the hurdler has cleared the last obstacle. The finishing technique and rules are the same as in other athletics disciplines.

Stages of training

The hurdling training method consists of 4 successive steps.

1) Introduction to the basics, demonstration

In the first lesson, you need to analyze in detail all the stages of the distance, clearly show how to run up and throw over a barrier, and move rhythmically between obstacles.

2) Preparation

Hurdling requires good physical fitness, endurance and flexibility. It is necessary to do exercises that improve the elasticity and mobility of the muscles of the hip joint, back of the thigh and legs.

Also at this stage, athletes learn to take obstacles, work with a push and swing leg.

3) Rhythm training

To consolidate the technique of overcoming obstacles and learn to maintain a rhythm over a distance, you need to practice jumping many times, gradually increasing the number of obstacles and the distance between them.

4) Start and acceleration training

The athlete must train from both low and high starts and separately master the starting acceleration technique.

5) Consolidation and improvement of skills

Training should be done regularly and work to improve jumping ability, flexibility and speed performance. It is recommended to give different loads: practice running from a low and high start, compete as a group against time and without timing, change the number of barriers and the length of the distance.

Hurdling is a complex discipline in which the athlete’s ability to quickly react and gain speed immediately after taking the obstacle plays a decisive role.

When I arrived, everyone was waiting for me. Naturally, the people were friendly, and yet they were eager to see how I handled the Doberman.

I brought with me a special retrieval item with a removable side panel, on the central part of which a piece of metal pipe was placed.

At the beginning of the seminar, I gave the Doberman an ordinary fetch. He stood rooted to the spot and stood tense for about half an hour. I didn't pay attention to him and continued my studies. Finally, he gave up the fetch.

I picked it up, exchanged it for mine and gave it to him. He again grabbed the retrieval object and froze. I commanded “Give”, but he didn’t even bat an eye. Then I removed one side and used the other to pull the wooden part of the aport out of his mouth. The Doberman was shocked! It didn't hurt, but it definitely didn't like having some kind of metal pipe in its mouth.

After that, when I gave him the usual fetch and commanded “Give”, the Doberman immediately let him go. There were no more problems with him.

Chapter Twelve

Retrieval with unsupported jump over a blind barrier

This technique requires the dog to jump over a blind barrier, pick up the retrieval object, jump back and sit in front of the trainer. As stated above, she should sit close enough that the handler does not have to reach or step forward. Then, on command, the dog moves to the “Nearby” position.

At competitions using the AKC system, the trainer gives a minimum of commands, the first being “Sit, wait.” Then, when the trainer throws the object over the obstacle, the command “Barrier” is given, and the dog takes the object, returns and sits in front of the trainer. The next commands are “Give” and “Near”.

When teaching this skill, it is very advisable to use additional words and gestures at the beginning, but they should be eliminated as early as possible.

Breaking down the exercise into stages

The skill of jumping over a blind barrier with apport is taught in several steps. Firstly, the dog is taught to jump without a retrieval device. The height of the barrier initially remains small. When the dog masters the “Barrier” command, fetch is added to the exercise and the height is increased.

AKC rules establish a certain height of the barrier. For dogs of small breeds it is 20 cm. The maximum jump height, regardless of the size of the dog, is 91 cm.

To calculate the height of the hurdle for your dog, place a ruler or bar on his withers and measure the distance from the withers to the ground. Table 1 shows the height of the obstacle for dogs of various sizes. As a rule, it is 1.25 times the height of the dog at the withers. However, there are exceptions for certain breeds. Full details of the AKC rules for these breeds are listed in Appendix B.

Take your time

Take your time when learning this skill. The height of the obstacle should be small at first; the dog needs to gain confidence that it can jump over it.

Make sure that your pet runs exactly in the middle of the barrier and that he does not develop the bad habit of jumping from the side. To do this, the trainer should be slightly to the right of the center line of the runway.

Do not increase the height of the obstacle even if you want to test “what my dog is good for.” Only after she consistently brings the fetch with a jump over the barrier can you begin to “raise the bar.”

Table 1 Required barrier height

Height of the dog at the withers (in cm) - Barrier height(in cm)

less than 20 - 20

from 20 to 23 - 25

from 23 to 26 - 30

from 26 to 30 - 35

from 30 to 34 - 40

from 34 to 38 - 45

from 38 to 41 - 50

from 41 to 47 - 55

from 47 to 51 - 60

from 51 to 55 - 65

from 55 to 58 - 70

from 58 to 62 - 75

from 62 to 67 - 80

from 67 to 71 - 85

from 71 and above - 91

Installing a barrier

Install a blind barrier 10 cm high for small breeds and 20 cm high for large ones. You will also need boards No. 1 and 2 for the long jump.

Since at the initial stage you too If you jump with your dog, practice without it for now. You must confidently, quickly and without hesitation take at least the minimum height so that the dog, when jumping with you, happily runs up to the obstacle, and does not trudge along. Start your run about two meters away and jump over the board, pushing off with your right foot. Remember that the left leg is the “pointing leg” for your pet.

Before you begin training, put on the training collar and attach the leash to the “hard” ring. Bring your dog to the obstacle so that it examines it from both sides, but do not allow it to go around it from the side. Because the technique requires a jump through barrier, you should not teach your dog that it can be get around.

Skill training

Step 1

Install a blind barrier ten or twenty centimeters high, depending on the size of the dog. Take the dog on a leash and walk about two meters to the obstacle. Without giving the command “Nearby”, walk quickly to it and about ninety centimeters away command “Barrier”. It is important to choose the correct take-off point for the dog. If necessary, measure ninety centimeters and mark this place with something.

When giving the command, lightly tug the leash and jump over the barrier, pushing off with your right foot. . Don't pull on the leash when jumping, otherwise the dog may lose its balance.

Remember that she should jump in the center of the obstacle, and the trainer should be slightly to the right. After the jump, continue moving forward, then in a wide arc approach the place where you started the exercise and repeat it. Don't forget to praise your pet affectionately when he completes a task.

Encouragement and support are extremely important motivators throughout your jumping training. Angry or irritated correction will only intimidate the dog. Since the purpose of this exercise is to teach her to fetch the trainer, strict correction can only do a disservice.

After a few lessons, the dog will learn to confidently jump over the barrier. Don't let her get bored: move on to the next step.

Step 2

Place long jump boards facing the barrier - No. 1 on the near side, No. 2 on the far side. This will force the dog to push further away from the barrier and jump in a flatter arc.

With your dog on a leash, run up to the obstacle and, a meter away from it, command “Barrier”. Jump together. The leash should not be taut; under no circumstances should you use it to drag your dog over an obstacle. Go back to the start and repeat the jump.

Step 3

At this stage, the long jump boards are moved a little further from the barrier so that the dog starts the jump earlier. Thereby the highest point of the jump will be exactly above the middle of the barrier. For the initial height this does not matter much, but later it will become important.

Competitions require that the maximum height of the jump be achieved above the center of the barrier. If this happens earlier, the dog may miss the obstacle or land awkwardly too close to it. On the other hand, if the highest point of the jump is behind the barrier, she has to push off earlier and, as a result, jump higher.

Move the boards at a distance of ten to twenty centimeters, depending on the size of the dog. If you have a very small breed, the boards can be left in place.

At this stage a reverse jump is added. To do this, you need to step over the barrier and stay in this position. If the boards attached to it get in the way, one can be removed. It is important that you maintain stable balance and can easily back away with your dog. Try practicing this movement several times without the dog.

From this article you will learn:

What are the types of athletics hurdles?
What is special about the adjustable track and field hurdle?
Where did track and field hurdles come from?
How to properly run over track and field hurdles
How to learn to run over track and field hurdles

Athletics hurdles are sports equipment used for running with obstacles during training and sports competitions. The design of the track and field hurdle includes a wooden crossbar reinforced in two posts. The racks are connected to each other by a spacer. The racks also have footrests with struts, on the free ends of which a counterweight is placed. There are two types of athletics barriers - with a metal base and a wooden one.

Athletics hurdle: types, characteristics

The track and field hurdle is installed at race distances of 80, 110 and 400 m. The bases are made of metal and wood. By design, barriers are divided into two types - with universal and constant height. Universal barriers are installed at 3 heights used in competitions: 762, 914 and 1067 mm. Barriers with constant height are 762, 914 and 1067 mm.

The track and field hurdle consists of a crossbar attached to the ends of vertical posts. The vertical posts themselves are installed on the ends of the support steps with counterweights. For strength, the rack and footrest are connected to each other by inclined struts.

The top crossbar is made of wood. It protrudes 3 cm beyond the racks. The parameters of the crossbar are as follows: length - 1.2 m, width - 7 cm, thickness - 2 cm. Its upper edges are rounded. The color of the crossbars is white. Dark stripes 10 cm wide are drawn at the indentation from the ends of the side edges of the racks. The length of the footrest can be a maximum of 70 cm. The minimum weight of an athletics barrier is 10 kg.

If the base of the barrier is made of metal, the crossbar is secured in clamps welded to the upper ends of the vertical posts. These racks with spacers, clips and footrests are connected by welding. A counterweight is adjusted to the inner diameter of the footrests and welded at the same distance from the ends. The material for the manufacture of racks with footrests and spacers are seamless water and gas pipes made of steel, for the holders - thin steel, for the counterweight - steel. Wood is used for the crossbar - pine, larch or fir.

If the base of the track and field barrier is wooden, then all the elements are also made of wood. The only exception is the counterweight. The parts are connected to each other with glue, as well as with the help of wooden rods and dowels. The gray cast iron counterweight is attached to the free ends of the footrests using nuts and bolts. To make the crossbar, pine, larch, fir and spruce are used.

Athletics barriers are coated with oil paints. As a rule, these sports equipment are blue or light gray. The crossbars are always white. At a distance of 10 cm from their end, draw two black stripes. Each length is 18 cm.

Below is a table with the main dimensions of athletics hurdles (cm).

The parts must be very firmly welded to each other. Distortions, burns and other inaccuracies should not appear during welding. It is necessary to file and clean the seams after welding, make sure that there are no roughness or cracks on the surface of the clips. The outer surfaces of the cage should not peek out from behind the crossbar. Casein glue is used to connect the parts. The ends of all elements are rounded and cleaned, and the counterweight is pulled tightly to the footrests. Athletics barriers must be painted carefully and carefully. The paint is applied in a dense layer, without gaps, stains, or smudges.

For the manufacture of athletics barriers, GOST 7551-55 applies. In accordance with it, a factory mark or inscription indicating the manufacturer and product number can be placed on the crossbar of each barrier. Dry rooms are suitable for storing products.

Where and how did track and field barriers appear?

Athletics is rightly called the Queen of Sports. For a long time, this sport has remained the most popular and widespread. The birthplace of athletics is Ancient Greece. It was there, at the running competitions at the Olympic Games around 766 BC. e., this direction was born.

In modern history, the beginning of athletics as a new sport was laid at long-distance running competitions in England. They took place in 1837. College students in the city of Rugby took part in the competition. The sporting event started successfully, and therefore the following year over 10 similar races took place.

In the second half of the 19th century, new directions were introduced into athletics competitions in the form of steeplechase and short-distance races, and weight throwing. In 1851, the competition included long jump and running high jump. Athletics gained even greater popularity after this sport was included in the program of the Olympic Games in 1896.

Steeplechase began in the 19th century in England. At that time, English shepherds competed to see who could run the fastest through the sheep pens. Later, they began to choose lawns with primitive barriers installed on them for competitions. After some time, they began using lighter weight obstacles in the shape of an inverted “T”. In 1935, an L-shaped track and field hurdle with a weighted base was invented. This design overturned when a force of 8 pounds, or 3.6 kg, was applied.

In 1864, the athlete A. Daniel set a record in the 120-yard race (109.92 m). He ran the distance in 17.75 seconds. In subsequent years, athletes tried hard to find a rational technique. As a result, an “attack” of the barrier appeared with a straight leg and a tilt of the body when overcoming the obstacle. The first to demonstrate this technique was A. Cruise (England) in 1886. His result was 16.4 s.

12 years later, an athlete from the USA, A. Krenzlein, showed a brilliant technique for running over barriers. His result was 120 yards in 15.2 seconds. It was this athlete who won the Second Olympic Games in 1990.

Further, the technique of “running through barriers” was improved by the American athlete F. Smithson. The athlete demonstrated a delayed extension of the pushing leg, thanks to which it was possible not to turn the body and at the same time maintain balance when leaving the barrier. F. Smithson won the IV Olympic Games in 1908, showing a brilliant result - 110 m in 15.0 s.

Athletes could not improve Smithson's indicator for more than 50 years. And only in 1975, an athlete from France, Guy Dru, managed to run the same distance 2 seconds faster - in 13.0 seconds. In subsequent years, only electronic timing was used to record world records. The first record was set by the athlete from Cuba A. Kasanyans - 13.21 s. R. Nehemia improved the world record twice: in 1979 – 13.00 and in 1981 – 12.93 s. In 1993, the world record was again set by an athlete from England, K. Jackson, with a result of 12.91 s.

Rules for running over athletics hurdles

The most popular and spectacular athletics distances, but also very difficult ones, are sprints. However, running over track and field hurdles is also not easy. To show excellent results, an athlete must not only be strong and run well. This requires excellent coordination of movements and the ability to feel the rhythm.

Hurdling is a sprint athletics discipline in which athletes overcome obstacles. Almost all Olympic and world records in this area belong to American athletes. It is also worth highlighting an athlete from Russia, Yulia Pechenkina, who in 2003 set a world record in the 400 m hurdles. Russia's Sergei Shubenkov, world champion, also showed an excellent result in the 100m hurdles.

Hurdling is carried out at a distance of no more than 400 m, depending on the time of year and location of the competition. Hurdling is often carried out in stadiums and arenas.

Barriers in the shape of the letter L are used as obstacles. Thanks to this shape, injuries to athletes when falling devices are minimized. Note that the shape of the barriers until 1935 resembled the letter T. To knock them down, more effort was required, and because of this, athletes often fell. Nowadays, it's easier to knock down barriers (you need to apply 3.6 kg of force), but because of this, runners lose valuable time.

Hurdling rules

Before moving on to the technique and other subtleties of hurdling, it is necessary to study its rules. Running along the main distance and smooth running are almost identical in the rules. After the signal, the athlete starts and runs clearly along his path to the finish. If he breaks the rules, that is, he deliberately runs out of bounds or knocks over an athletics barrier onto an adjacent track, sanctions are applied to the athlete.

There are rules for overcoming barriers. Thus, the athlete is obliged to step over it completely; bringing his foot to the side of the barrier is prohibited.

The rules for running over athletics hurdles allow the structure to fall, but it is forbidden to deliberately drop the hurdle. Note that this rule arose not so long ago. Previously, the rules prohibited knocking down the barrier, and the judges simply did not count such results. When it became clear that the athlete, hitting the structure, was wasting time on this, knocking down was allowed. However, almost immediately after this, many athletes began to deliberately knock down structures with their hands and feet. That is why it was specifically forbidden to do this in the future.

The placement of track and field hurdles is determined by the length of the race, and also depends on the gender of the athletes. The structures are evenly spaced along the distance. For races of 50, 60, 100 and 110 m they are placed in a straight line, for a distance of 400 m - around the entire circle.

Running over athletics hurdles is much more technically difficult. An athlete needs not only to be fast and strong, have excellent coordination, but also to cope with obstacles correctly. The technique of running over hurdles includes 4 main stages.

Stage 1: start and acceleration.

The athlete needs to take the correct starting position and accelerate to maximum in the first 13-45 m. At step 4-5, the athlete must straighten his body and prepare for the first barrier. The start and acceleration stage ends approximately 2 meters before the barrier and at the moment when the swing leg is extended.

Stage 2: overcoming the first barrier.

The success of his race as a whole depends on how well the athlete overcomes the first obstacle. Overcoming the first hurdle sets the rhythm for the entire race, and will need to be maintained throughout the entire distance. Many people believe that when running over athletics hurdles, the athlete jumps over. But this opinion is wrong. Professional athletes use only this terminology: “overcome” or “step over the barrier.”

The athlete, when pushing with his leg, does not jump up, but moves forward as far as possible. According to the rules, athletes must overcome athletics hurdles not by jumping, but by moving their swing leg over the structure. This is why stretching is so important during training and preparation for competitions. If it is bad for an athlete, even if he is tall and has long legs, the barrier will become a serious problem for him.

Track and field hurdles are overcome in 3 stages.

The first stage is the attack. The athlete lifts the swing leg and straightens it so that the thigh is parallel to the horizontal plane. In order for an athlete to successfully overcome an obstacle, the distance of the pushing leg to it should be about 2 meters. To pass the barrier, the athlete lifts the push leg and carries it over the bar. He points his swing leg down.

You need to land on your toes, only then rolling onto your heel. Here the athlete must ensure that his body does not move back, but stays straight. Otherwise, the speed of movement will drop significantly. When all phases are correctly overcome, the contact of the swing leg with the track is about 1.3 m from the structure. In this case, the first step after it should be the shortest.

Stage 3: completing the main distance.

If the sporting event takes place in the summer, there will be 9 more barriers left until the end of the distance. They need to be overcome in the same way as the first. The athlete needs to walk the entire distance in a single rhythm, even if the structures fall.

Stage 4: finish.

The finish in the track and field hurdles is exactly the same as in other races. The beginning of this stage is the moment when the athlete overcomes the last barrier. If an athlete overcomes the previous structures technically correctly and at the recommended pace, then he reaches the finish line at a fairly high speed.

Stages of learning to run over athletics hurdles

Track and field hurdles is a difficult sport that requires the athlete to have strength, endurance and excellent preparation, which can only be achieved through hard training. During training, athletes practice various elements of hurdling, learn how to properly run the distance, and develop the appropriate skills. Preparation for track and track running is almost the same. Most of the time, athletes work on strength, endurance, speed, work on stretching and, without fail, study the technique of starting from the blocks.

Special training with hurdles should begin after the athlete has acquired the necessary skills. If the athlete is physically fit enough, you can include hurdle-overcoming techniques in the program. As part of the training, the athlete overcomes obstacles, learns to cover the distance rhythmically and quickly.

Training to run over athletics hurdles includes 5 stages:

1. Learning the basics, demonstrating.

At this stage, the athlete is clearly shown the technique of overcoming obstacles. The first lesson consists of familiarization with all stages of the distance, the technique of running up, throwing over an obstacle, and rhythmic movement between barriers.

2. Preparatory stage.

The athlete devotes a lot of time to his physical training, developing flexibility and endurance. It is very important that the muscles of the hip joint, back of the thigh and legs are elastic and mobile. Athletes are also trained to overcome barriers. Athletes develop techniques for working with the swing and push legs.

3. Rhythm training.

To consolidate the technique of running over barriers and maintain a uniform rhythm throughout the entire distance, the athlete needs to practice the technique many times. In this case, the number of barriers and the distance between them should be gradually increased.

4. Start and acceleration training.

The athlete needs to train from both low and high starts, while separately mastering the acceleration technique at the start.

5. Consolidation and improvement of skills.

One of the prerequisites for training is regularity and continuous improvement of skills. The athlete must work hard to improve flexibility, jump height and speed. It is better if the loads are different: practicing running from a high and low start, competitions with and without a group against time, training at distances of different lengths and number of barriers.

To achieve good results in this discipline, an athlete, first of all, must have a quick reaction and be able to develop good speed immediately after overcoming the barrier.

Exercises for mastering hurdling technique

The athlete takes the starting position: puts his legs apart, bends his arms at the elbows. On the count of 1-2-3, he imitates the movement of running with his hands. On the count of 4, makes a wider movement forward, straightening the arm at the elbow joint, and returns to the starting position. The exercise is repeated 6-12 times. When straightening, your arms bend forward slightly. When returning to the starting position, the hand is carried to the side. The pace of the exercise can be slow, medium or fast (Fig. A).

The athlete takes the same starting position as in exercise 1. Imitates arm movements as when walking. Tempo – slow, medium and fast (Fig. B).
Starting position as in the first exercise. The athlete imitates movements as when running. Pace – slow, medium and fast.
The athlete takes the starting position - stands in the main stance and bends his arms at the elbows. Next, the athlete imitates the work of his hands, simultaneously raising the swing leg with the pelvis forward and up, and then throws the heel forward and down. The exercise is performed in motion, that is, the athlete walks, moving forward. The exercise is repeated 6-12 times in 2-4 approaches (Fig. C).
The athlete takes the starting position - places the swing leg on the barrier. During the exercise, he imitates the work of his hands. It is advisable to avoid bending the knee joint of the swing leg lying on the barrier. The exercise is repeated 8-12 times in 2-4 approaches.

Thanks to these exercises, athletes understand how their arms should move when running over hurdles. When performing, you need your hand to go far forward. When moving your hand forward, you need to tilt your torso and, as it were, catch up with it. If an athlete is only learning basic exercises, he should perform them at a slow pace.

Exercises to help develop correct swing leg movements

The athlete takes the starting position: stands up to the barrier and grabs the top bar with his hand. Then, at a fast pace, he raises the swing leg, bends it at the knee and lowers it to the starting position. The exercise is repeated 10 to 12 times. The pace is medium or fast (Fig. A).

Starting position: the athlete stands sideways at the barrier, puts his hand on the crossbar at shoulder level. Next, he raises the thigh of the swing leg above the horizontal and throws the heel forward, after which he lowers the straight leg down. The exercise is repeated 10-15 times in 2-3 approaches (Fig. B).
The same exercise, but with a shock absorber.
The athlete takes the starting position: at a distance of 1-1.5 m, stands facing the wall. Next, he raises the thigh of the swing leg high and actively throws out his shin, after which he touches the wall (that is, he “attacks” the barrier). The exercise is repeated 10-18 times with acceleration at the end (Fig. C).

The same exercise, only perform it while walking or running a little. The number of repetitions is from 10 to 15 times.
The same exercise as the previous one, only here they move onto a support (a gymnastic horse). The number of repetitions is from 10 to 15 (Fig. D).
The athlete takes the starting position - stands facing the direction of movement, after which he “attacks” the gymnastic horse through the low athletics barrier in front. The number of repetitions is from 10 to 18 times. The exercise is done from a place, walking or running slowly, gradually accelerating towards the end. The distance between the gymnastic horse and the support is from 30 to 80 cm.
Low athletics barriers are placed at a distance of 8-12 m from each other. The athlete runs along the side of the barrier, moving the swing leg over it and the pushing leg outside it. When running between structures, he raises his hip high. The number of repetitions is from 4 to 8 (Fig. E).

When performing exercises No. 4-7, it is necessary that the pelvis quickly moves forward due to the active extension of the swing leg, and that the push-off is correct. The effect of exercise 7 is better if the athlete, attacking the “barrier,” sends the swing leg without bending the knee. This shortcoming can be corrected with the help of this exercise.

Exercises to develop the correct movement of the pushing leg

Starting position: the athlete stands at a distance of 90-120 cm from the side of the structure and holds on to its pole. Next, he moves the pushing leg, bent at the knee, over the athletics barrier from the side and repeats the exercise 10-15 times in 2-4 approaches. The transfer of the pushing leg is simulated from an extremely posterior position. At first the athlete takes a slow pace, then moves faster over the barrier. It is necessary to ensure that the leg is bent at the knee.
The exercise is the same, only a rubber shock absorber is used to perform it. When performing the exercise, the athlete must carry the pushing leg at the very edge of the barrier.

The exercise is similar to the previous one, only it does not require a gymnastic wall and a shock absorber.
The same exercise, only perform it with 2, 4 and 6 steps. The athlete approaches the barrier, raises the swing leg with his knee forward and upward, and then actively lowers it behind the barrier. At this time, your hand touches the support.

Two athletics structures are installed at a distance of 1.8-2.5 m from each other. When walking, the athlete takes turns placing the pushing leg on the side of each barrier. Number of repetitions – 6-12 times.
The athlete takes the starting position - stands from the side of the barrier and holds the support with his hands. One structure is installed obliquely and perpendicular to the gymnastic wall. The athlete slides his foot along the barrier bar. Number of repetitions – 8-12 times in 2-3 approaches. Rest between approaches – 1-1.5 minutes.

At a distance of 7-12 m, 5-6 small barriers are placed. The athlete, running through the barrier, carries his pushing leg through it. He runs up to and between barriers, raising his hip high, or takes short steps. The pace of the exercise is medium to fast.

As the athlete takes the take-off leg over the barrier, they must push their hip forward quickly and freely. When performing exercises, you should not allow your body to lean back. The athlete needs to stay high, ensure that there is a bend in the knee when moving the pushing leg over the barrier, and begin the movement from the extreme rear position. When lifting the foot of the push leg above the knee, that is, throwing the shin up while running and at the same time lowering the knee down, the athlete must move the push leg along the inclined barrier.

Set up two barriers and a gymnastics horse. The barriers are spaced 2-3 m apart from each other. The distance from the barrier to the horse is about 1.5 m. The athlete crosses two barriers, after which he attacks the gymnastic horse. The number of repetitions is 5-10 times. When crossing the barrier, the swing leg is quickly lowered. When performing the exercise, you should not bend over too much.

The track and field hurdles are positioned in the same way as in the previous exercise. An athlete jumps and overcomes barriers.
For the exercise, a low gymnastic horse is placed. Obstacles are overcome by walking and moving. On their toes they approach the gymnastic apparatus, lift the swing leg bent at the knee up and forward and actively lower it down. Then they immediately push off with the pushing leg, quickly bringing it forward, to the first running step behind the obstacle.

From 3 to 7 low barriers are placed at a distance of 8-12 m. The athlete, while performing the exercise, runs 5 steps between the barriers. The number of repetitions is from 4 to 10.
From 3 to 5 barriers are placed at a distance of 3-4 m. In the future, the structures can be further removed from each other. The athlete begins to run from a high start in one step. The pace of the exercise is medium to fast.

At a distance of 8.5-9.14 m from each other, track and field hurdles with a height of 60-106 cm are placed. The athlete begins to run from a high and low start.

The gymnastic horse is “attacked” from a place, from one or several steps. The athlete, while performing exercises, makes sure that his pelvis does not lag behind. The throw itself (“attack”) is done quickly. The foot of the pushing leg does not turn to the side during the throw. When performing the exercise, there is no need to rush to lean your shoulders forward early. To do this, the throw should start from the pelvis, and the knee of the bent leg should be raised up and down.

When performing exercises, the athlete must move the pushing leg with an emphasis on quickly moving it into a running step position. You must maintain a high position between barriers and do not crouch. Athletics hurdles can be of different heights and located at different distances from each other. The height and distance of the structures vary depending on the age and level of training of the trainee.

The athlete takes the starting position - lies on his back, arms along the body. The position of the legs changes with counter swing movements. The number of repetitions is 15-25 times. The pace of the exercise is slow with a large amplitude in the anteroposterior direction (Fig. A).
Starting position – the athlete lies on his back, spreads his arms to the sides, legs together. The foot of the right foot touches the hand of the left hand. The number of repetitions for each leg is 6-10 times. The pace is slow and medium. When performing exercises, you do not need to raise your head and torso (Fig. B).
Starting position – the athlete lies on his back, legs together, arms spread to the sides. Raises his legs, lowers them first to the left, then to the right. Number of repetitions – 6-10 times.
Starting position – the athlete lies on his back, stretches his arms behind his head, and brings his legs together. At the same time, he raises his legs and torso in a counter motion. The number of repetitions is 6-12 times. The pace is medium and fast (Fig. C).
Starting position – the athlete lies on his back, hands behind his head, legs together. On the count of 1, he raises his legs and torso (as in the previous exercise), on the count of 2, he returns to the barrier squat position, bends towards the swing leg, and on the count of 3, takes the starting position. Number of repetitions – 6-12 times. The pace is medium and fast. Each time on the count of 2, the position of the legs changes (Fig. D).
Starting position – the athlete lies on his back, arms extended along the body. Raises straight legs, lowers them behind the head and slowly returns to the starting position. The number of repetitions is 8-15 times. The pace is medium (Fig. E).

Starting position – the athlete lies on the floor and leans behind with his hands. When lifting your right leg up, you simultaneously bend in the lower back, place your leg to the side and take the starting position. The same thing in the other direction. The number of repetitions for each side is 6-10 times. The pace of the exercises is slow. The amplitude is large (Fig. F).
Starting position – the athlete lies on his back, spreads his arms to the sides, and connects his legs. Next he draws circles in the air with his feet. The number of repetitions of the exercise in each direction is 4-8 times. The amplitude of circular movements should be large. Legs stay together. The pace of the exercise is average (Fig. G).

The athlete takes the starting position - hanging on the wall with his face forward. Next, he raises and lowers his legs bent at the knees. You need to raise your legs quickly and return to the starting position slowly. The number of repetitions is 8-20 times (Fig. A).
Starting position – the athlete stands sideways to the gymnastics wall. He grabs the pole with his hands, places one leg closer to the wall and leans to the sides. When bending over, the athlete keeps his arms straight. The number of repetitions in each direction is 10-15. Tempo – slow or medium (Figure B).
Starting position – hanging on the wall. The athlete swings his legs in one direction and the other. Keeps legs together. The amplitude is large. The number of repetitions in each direction is 8-15 times. A medium tempo is suitable for the exercise (Fig. C).
The athlete takes the starting position - stands on the pole of the gymnastic wall (legs together), holds his hands at chest level. Squats and quickly returns to the starting position. The number of repetitions is 10-15 times. Pace – slow, medium and fast.
Starting position - the athlete stands on a wall pole at a distance of 1-1.5 m from the floor and holds onto the pole at chest level. Lowers himself down, bending one leg on the pole. The other (straight) leg goes down. Then takes the starting position. The number of repetitions for each leg is 10-15 times in 2-3 approaches. The pace of exercise is slow and medium. Rest between series – 1-2 minutes (Fig. D).
Starting position – hanging on the wall. The athlete raises his legs from this position: he touches the crossbar with his feet above the grip of his hands and slowly takes the starting position. The number of repetitions is 4-10 times in 2-3 approaches. The pace of the exercise is slow and medium. Rest between series – 1-2.5 minutes (Fig. E).

Barrier exercises

The athlete takes the starting position - stands up, holding his hands in support on the barrier. Pushes off from the support with his hands. The number of repetitions is 8-15 times. The pace of exercise is medium to fast.
The athlete takes the starting position - stands sideways to the barrier, leans with one hand on the athletics barrier in a lunge position and changes the position of his legs. The head and torso are kept straight, without bending forward. The number of repetitions is 10-20 times.
Starting position - the athlete stands facing the barrier, puts a straight leg on it, supporting it on the floor, and holds onto the barrier with his hands. Squats on one leg, quickly returning to the starting position. The number of repetitions for each leg is 4-10 times.
The distance between barriers is 1.5-2 m (height 50.0-91.4 cm). An athlete jumps over athletic barriers, pushing off with both feet. Number of repetitions – 3-4 times (5-8 barriers). The pace of the exercise is average.

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Any dog can jump from birth and does it willingly. If you have a puppy, you are probably convinced of this.

Now we need to teach him to do this on command. Let's start with a barrier no more than 45 centimeters high. Let's walk with the dog on a leash, lead it to the barrier and jump over it ourselves, at the same time commanding “Barrier!”

The dog will undoubtedly follow our example. Let's praise him for this and give him a treat. After a few lessons, we will gradually begin to increase the height of the obstacle. In addition, having made a jump, we will immediately jump over the barrier in the opposite direction, each time giving the command “Barrier!” Let's repeat this several times. Then we will give the command again, but we will not jump ourselves. Once on the other side of the barrier, the dog will be puzzled that we did not follow it and at the same second will jump over the barrier in the opposite direction to be next to us, and this is exactly what we are trying to achieve.

In a few lessons, the dog will learn that the command “Barrier!” she must jump over the obstacle herself and then return to us, even without a leash. We will gradually ensure that she jumps from a position to our left, then, on command, returns, stands in front of us, and again, on command, stands at our foot. In no case should you force, scold or punish a dog if it does not want to take the barrier or does it awkwardly. For her, this exercise should have the character of an exciting game.

If we make a mistake, we simply won’t praise or encourage it. At the same time, you shouldn’t skimp on rewards, or even excessive ones, if the dog does everything as needed. The hurdle exercise looks exactly the same as the low hurdle jump. During the first lessons, we will place the obstacle quite low and go over it together with the dog, keeping it on a leash. Gradually increasing the angle of inclination, we require the dog to overcome the obstacle, while we ourselves go around it from the side.

Then we begin to let the dog go alone. When the dog learns to take the barrier and overcome the obstacle, combine these two exercises with fetching, which the dog, naturally, should already be proficient in. Let’s place the dog to our left, throw the retrieving object over the barrier, and then give the following commands in order: “”, “Barrier!”, “Give!”, “To the leg!” If we take the time and be patient, we will achieve ideal results, both in the high jump and in overcoming obstacles.

You should not get too carried away with these exercises, which look impressive and encourage the owner to demonstrate the abilities of his dog in front of friends, regardless of the fact that he is tired. You should not take advantage of the fact that performing these exercises brings pleasure to the dog. If a dog gets tired, it will begin to make mistakes that can become systemic.

Hurdling is considered a non-specific human activity. Initially, shepherds took part in such competitions, trying to overcome sheep folds as quickly as possible. Later, this sport became more famous, and then entered the program of the Olympic Games.

People's interest increased, they liked the technique of hurdling and the adrenaline received while moving at high speed and jumping. Specialists preparing athletes for competitions began to look for ways to improve performance. As a result, throughout its existence, the technique of overcoming the barrier has changed more than once.

Hurdling first appeared on the Olympic program back in 1896, but only men took part in it, and the distance became available for women only 24 years later. Until 1935, the barrier was T-shaped, and then changed to L-shaped. Today, it is the second option that is used, since it is safer and much more convenient to overcome. Such a barrier has a flip-over effect, which is necessary in case the athlete fails to jump over it.

Competition distances

In competitions, athletes must overcome the following hurdle distances:

60 meters including hurdles (held in arenas);
100 meters for women, and 110 meters for men;
400 meters hurdles (held in outdoor stadiums).

When the men's 400 meter race is held, the distance between hurdles is 35 meters and the height of one hurdle is 0.914 meters, for women the distance is the same and the height is 0.762 meters.

Hurdling with a short distance is carried out on straight tracks, and with a distance of 400 meters - on a circular track. Each athlete runs along his own track without crossing its boundaries. The obstacles are located at the same distance so that the supports are directed towards the starting line. You can demolish the barrier with a load weighing 4 kilograms.

Start and acceleration

Hurdling starts with a low stance start. When the command “Attention!” is given, the athlete must raise the hip part to shoulder level. The runner always starts only after the signal “March!” During the first 4-5 steps, the athlete must have time to align his body, and then run normally. The most effective jump is considered to be for those athletes who place their center of mass parallel to the crossbar. The starting acceleration stage ends after raising the fly leg, which attacks the obstacle.

First barrier

The essence of hurdling is not jumping over obstacles, but overcoming obstacles. The athlete’s movements are made not in the upper, but in the forward direction. Each barrier is taken in accordance with a single technique, divided into several sub-steps:

Attack. To attack, the athlete lifts the swing leg, bending it at the knee, and then straightens the lower leg, pointing the heel forward. In this case, the thigh is located in a parallel horizontal plane, and the body and head are kept strictly on the same line.
Crossbar. When crossing the crossbar, the athlete needs to raise the leg bent at the knee joint, which is used to push, and unclench the ankle. The swing leg goes down, the swing arm goes back.
Gathering In the last substage, the hurdler rolls his fly leg onto the heel support from his toe, while keeping a distance of 130 centimeters from the barrier. It is very important to keep your body straight, without tilting it forward.

Not every novice athlete can take training in hurdling. Few people manage to pass the first barrier correctly, so people simply become disappointed in their abilities and give up on this matter. For professionals, passing the barrier does not present any difficulty.

Main distance

The length of the distance, as well as the number of obstacles, are determined based on three running steps performed by the athlete between the barriers. The first of them is the shortest, the second is the longest, and the third is preparation before the jump.

Thanks to the method of teaching hurdling, you can learn to correctly calculate steps when running and tilt your body. The entire race is performed with a forward tilt of the body. The rhythm is very important here, which must not be broken even when hitting an obstacle. The rules state that it is prohibited to bring your feet to the side of the crossbar or deliberately touch the barrier.

Finish

The final stage begins after the athlete has cleared the very last obstacle. There are several ways to finish:

side finish (the athlete turns his torso slightly, bringing his right shoulder forward);
chest throw (the hurdler bends his torso forward, moving his arms back when he reaches the last meters of the distance).

Rules and world records

The rules of the hurdles competition have some similarities with the track and field sprint. The only difference is the presence of barriers. The distance between them and their height differ according to the gender of the athletes, as described at the beginning of the article.

The rules prohibit passing an obstacle in the following ways:

carry your leg outside the barrier;
run around from the side;
pass under an obstacle.

The number of barriers knocked down does not affect the result - they only slow down the competitor.

Over the entire period of the competition, the record holders were:

Aris Merritt (110 meters in 12.80 seconds).
Yordanka Donkova (100 meters in 12.21 seconds).
Kevin Young (400 meters in 46.78 seconds).
Yulia Pechenkina (400 meters in 52.34 seconds).

Hurdling technique training

The ability to run fast and jump over barriers is not enough to take part in competitions in this sport. First, you need to undergo training to understand what steeplechase is and how to achieve good results. The training consists of four steps, each of which is important.

The hurdling technique may not be entirely clear to beginners if they have not yet mastered the basic fundamentals of smooth running and have not been able to master low and high starts. Runners begin full training only after mastering these skills, since without them the distance will not be completed correctly, and therefore, they can forget about participating in the Olympic Games.

Basics

Athletes begin their acquaintance with the technique of steeplechase running by demonstrating the technique of moving along the distance. It includes running from the start, passing three or four barriers, as well as finishing.

Experienced athletes recommend demonstrating the technique a couple more times, and then running several times in three steps through several barriers no more than 50 centimeters high. In this case, the distance between obstacles should be about 7-8 meters.

When familiarizing yourself with the basics of hurdling, you need to pay attention to boldly running up to an obstacle, throwing yourself at it, as well as the connection between the rhythm of jumping over hurdles and inter-hurdle running.

Preparation

Steeplechase requires the athlete to have excellent flexibility in the front and back of the thighs, as well as mobility in the hip joints. To achieve this, you should perform basic exercises. They are intended to develop flexibility and elasticity of the ligamentous apparatus, as well as muscles. These include:

Swing your leg forward and backward from a standing position against a support (wall, chair, etc.).
Swing to the sides, without bending the leg at the knee joint, turning your face to the support.
Walking with lunges and springy swaying of the body, bending forward and touching the elbows to the floor.
Standing with your back to the wall, bend your leg at the knee and touch the bar with your toe, arching your lower back and bringing your pelvis forward.
Sitting in the barrier step position, extending the swing leg forward, bend the pushing leg at the foot and move it to the side clearly at a right angle.

In the process of developing flexibility and elasticity of the ligamentous apparatus and muscles, beginning athletes gradually begin to master the technique with which they will be able to use in the future. In addition, thanks to these exercises, it is possible to master the rhythm of running between barriers.

First you need to master all the exercises that are aimed at correctly performing repulsion from the surface and entering the barrier. After this, lead-in exercises are used. Thanks to them, you can become familiar with and thoroughly study the technique of moving the pushing leg. Next come techniques that make it possible to master the combination of movements of both legs (flying and pushing), as well as getting off an obstacle.

Rhythm

In order to teach athletes the rhythm and technique of movement between barriers, there are from three to five obstacles on the track, the height of which is approximately 50-60 centimeters, and the distance between them is about 7.5 meters. The runners’ task is to cover the distance from a high start position, taking four steps to the first barrier, and between them exactly three running steps.

As athletes prepare, the distance between obstacles and their height increase. In addition, athletes must continually increase the speed at which they run distances to improve their personal performance. World records in competitions are a good motivation for this.

Overclocking

Having mastered the technique of overcoming barriers and the rhythm of running, it is time for the athlete to study the technique of starting and, of course, starting acceleration. First you have to master the low start technique and learn to pick up speed as quickly as possible. At the same time, you need to practice rhythmic running until the very first barrier, correctly hitting the take-off point over the obstacle with your foot, and increasing your own speed after the barrier has been overcome.

Improving skills

A hurdler can understand the technique of hurdling and improve his skills only when he goes through all the stages of preparation and repeatedly performs special exercises. For high-quality training of an athlete, barriers of various heights are used, the number of which is regularly increasing. The athlete must learn to cover the entire distance without mistakes, while at the same time practicing running from both low and high starts.