Sodium chloride in cosmetics. Sodium chloride injection solution Effect of sodium chloride in cosmetics

A drug for rehydration and detoxification.
Active substance of the drug: SODIUM CHLORIDE / SODIUM CHLORIDE

Pharmacological action of Sodium chloride / sodium chloride

Sodium and chloride ions are the most important inorganic components of the extracellular fluid, maintaining the appropriate osmotic pressure of the blood plasma and extracellular fluid. An isotonic solution replenishes fluid deficiency in the body during dehydration. Hypertonic sodium chloride solution, when administered intravenously, provides correction of the osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid and blood plasma. When applied topically in ophthalmology, sodium chloride has an anti-edematous effect.

Pharmacokinetics of the drug.

Indications for use:

Isotonic solution: dehydration of various origins. To maintain blood plasma volume during and after surgery. As a solvent for various drugs.

Hypertonic solution: disturbances of water-electrolyte metabolism: deficiency of sodium and chlorine ions; hypoosmolar dehydration of various origins (due to prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, burns; gastric fistula, pulmonary hemorrhage, intestinal bleeding).

Eye drops and ointment: irritation of the cornea in inflammatory and allergic diseases (as part of combination therapy).

Dosage and method of administration of the drug.

Isotonic sodium chloride solution is administered intravenously, subcutaneously and in enemas, and is also used for washing wounds, eyes, and nasal mucosa. More often it is administered intravenously, depending on the clinical situation - up to 3 l/day.

Hypertonic sodium chloride solution is administered intravenously. A single dose for intravenous jet administration can be 10-30 ml. For conditions requiring immediate replenishment of sodium and chloride ions, the drug is administered intravenously in a dose of 100 ml.

It is used locally and externally depending on the dosage form used and the treatment regimen.

Side effects of Sodium chloride / sodium chloride:

Possible: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, thirst, lacrimation, sweating, fever, tachycardia, arterial hypertension, impaired renal function, edema, shortness of breath, headache, dizziness, anxiety, weakness, twitching and muscle hypertonicity.

For external and local use, no adverse reactions have been established to date.

Contraindications to the drug:

Hypernatremia, states of hyperhydration, threat of pulmonary and cerebral edema.

Special instructions for use of Sodium chloride / sodium chloride.

Large volumes of sodium chloride should be used with caution in patients with impaired renal excretory function and hypokalemia. The introduction of large quantities of solution can lead to chloride acidosis, overhydration, and increased excretion of potassium from the body.

Hypertonic solution is not used subcutaneously or intramuscularly.

With long-term use, monitoring of plasma electrolyte concentrations and daily diuresis is necessary.

The temperature of the infusion solution should be 38°C.

Salt is an inorganic compound, meaning it doesn’t come from living matter. It’s made when Na (sodium) and Cl (chloride) come together to form white, crystalline cubes.

Your body needs salt to function, but too little or too much salt can be harmful to your health.

While salt is frequently used for cooking, it can also be found as an ingredient in foods or cleansing solutions. In medical cases, your doctor or nurse will typically introduce sodium chloride as an injection. Read on to see why and how salt plays an important role in your body.

Despite the fact that many people use the words sodium and salt interchangeably, they are different. Sodium is a mineral and a nutrient that’s naturally occurring. Unprocessed foods like fresh vegetables, legumes, and fruit can naturally have sodium. Baking soda has sodium too.

But about 75 to 90 percent of the sodium we get comes from salt already added to our foods. The is usually a combination of 40 percent sodium and 60 percent chloride.

The most common use for salt is in food. Its uses include:

food seasoning
acting as a natural preservative
enhancing the natural colors of foods
curing, or preserving, meats
creating a brine for marinating foods

There’s also a wide variety of household uses, such as:

cleaning pots and pans
preventing mold
removing stains and grease
salting roads in the winter to prevent ice

When your doctor prescribes a treatment with salt, they’ll use the term sodium chloride. Sodium chloride mixed with water creates a saline solution, which has a number of different medical purposes.

Medical uses for a saline solution include:

Name	Use
IV drips	to treat dehydration and electrolyte imbalances; can be mixed with sugar
Saline flush injections	to flush a catheter or IV after medication is administered
Nasal irrigation or nasal drops	to clear congestion and reduce post nasal drip and keep the nasal cavity moist
Cleaning wounds	to wash and rinse the area for a clean environment
Eye drops	to treat eye redness, tearing, and dryness
Sodium chloride inhalation	to help create mucus so you can cough it out

It’s important to consult a doctor and only use medical saline products (excluding over-the-counter products like contact solution) as prescribed. Different types of saline solutions will contain different ratios of sodium chloride to water. Saline that’s used for different purposes may also have additional chemicals or compounds added in.

Although salt and sodium are different, salt is 40 percent sodium and we get most of our sodium intake from salt. Many companies and restaurants use salt to preserve, season, and flavor their food. Since one teaspoon of salt has about 2,300 milligrams (mg) of sodium, it’s easy to go over the daily value.

Nutrient absorption and transportation

Sodium and chloride play an important role in your small intestine. Sodium helps your body absorb:

chloride
sugar
water
amino acids (building blocks of protein)

Chloride, when it’s in the form of hydrochloric acid (hydrogen and chloride) is also a component of gastric juice. It helps your body digest and absorb nutrients.

Maintaining resting energy

Too much salt can lead to bigger health concerns like high blood pressure, heart disease, and kidney disease. Lowering your salt intake while increasing how much potassium you get can help lower your risk for those conditions.

You should consult your doctor before adding more sodium chloride to your diet. Most people exceed the recommended amount, but people who drink excessive amounts of water, have persistent diarrhea, or participate in long endurance events may have sodium deficiency. In these cases, good oral hydration may help. In more severe cases, a healthcare professional may need to provide intravenous (IV) saline solution to restore hydration and electrolytes.

Name: Sodium chloride International name: Sodium chloride Description of the active substance (INN): Sodium chloride Dosage form: powder for the preparation of solution for injection, solution for infusion, solution for injection, solvent for the preparation of dosage forms for injection, nasal spray Pharmacological action: Plasma replacement agent. Has a detoxifying and rehydrating effect. Replenishes Na+ deficiency in various pathological conditions. A 0.9% NaCl solution is isotonic to human plasma and therefore quickly cleared from the vascular bed, only temporarily increasing the volume of blood volume (effectiveness for blood loss and shock is insufficient). Hypertonic solutions (3-5-10%) when applied externally promote the release of pus, exhibit antimicrobial activity, and when administered intravenously, they increase diuresis and replenish Na+ and Cl- deficiency. Indications: 0.9% NaCl solution - large losses of extracellular fluid or insufficient supply (toxic dyspepsia, cholera, diarrhea, “uncontrollable” vomiting, extensive burns with severe exudation, etc.), hypochloremia and hyponatremia with dehydration, intestinal obstruction, intoxication; washing wounds, eyes, nasal mucosa, dissolving and diluting drugs and moisturizing dressings. Hypertonic solution - pulmonary, gastric and intestinal bleeding, forced diuresis (auxiliary osmotic diuretic), dehydration, silver nitrate poisoning, purulent wounds (local), constipation (rectal). Contraindications: Hypernatremia, acidosis, hyperchloremia, hypokalemia, extracellular hyperhydration; circulatory disorders that threaten cerebral and pulmonary edema; cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, acute LV failure, concomitant administration of corticosteroids in large doses. With caution. Renal failure, decompensated CHF, chronic renal failure (oligoanuria). Side effects: Acidosis, overhydration, hypokalemia. Method of administration and dose: IV, drip; subcutaneously, rectally, locally, externally. 0.9% NaCl solution: before administration, the solution is heated to 36-38 degrees C. The dose is determined depending on the loss of fluid, Na+ and Cl- by the body and averages 1 l/day. In case of large fluid losses and severe intoxication, it is possible to administer up to 3 l/day. Administration rate - 540 ml/h; if necessary, the rate of administration is increased. For children with a pronounced decrease in blood pressure due to dehydration (before laboratory parameters are determined), 20-30 ml/kg is administered. Subsequently, the dosage regimen is adjusted depending on laboratory parameters. With long-term administration of large doses of 0.9% NaCl solution, it is necessary to monitor electrolytes in plasma and urine. A 0.9% NaCl solution is used to wash wounds, eyes, nasal mucosa, and moisten dressings. A hypertonic 10% solution is administered intravenously in a stream in an amount of 20 ml; for gastric lavage - 2-5%, in enemas (100 ml) - 5% solution. Eye drops are prescribed 1-2 drops into the affected eye during the day. In enemas - 100 ml of a 5% solution to stimulate bowel movements for constipation or up to 3 l/day of a 0.9% solution. Special instructions: The drug can be frozen as long as the container remains sealed. Control of CBS and electrolytes. Interaction: When mixed with other drugs, it is necessary to visually monitor compatibility (however, invisible and therapeutic incompatibility is possible).
Before using the drug Sodium chloride, you should consult your doctor. This instruction is for informational purposes only and is not intended to prescribe treatment without the participation of a physician.

Other drugs in the group Rehydrating agent

Most of us have a favorite shampoo. We shop around looking for one that will smell delicious and leave our hair soft, full and shiny. However, it is unlikely that we know what is included in our favorite brands, because reading labels on shampoos is like reading a book in a foreign language.

For example, the chemical dimethicone, which makes hair shiny and easy to comb, is found in many shampoos, but Canadian authorities say it may be toxic. How can we know how safe it is to use such products?

Additionally, there is much controversy regarding the safety of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and sodium laureth sulfate.

I asked hair transplant specialist Dr. Robert Dorin what ingredients to avoid and why. Here's what he said.

Ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate. Be careful not to list this ingredient on the label because it is a very strong detergent.

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) is another potent substance that is added to many shampoos to make them highly foamy, as we see in many advertisements.

Exposure to this chemical in the long term destroys hair by stripping it of natural oils that are essential for maintaining healthy hair, destroying protein and disrupting normal hair growth.

Sodium chloride. This substance is commonly known as table salt and is used as a thickener in shampoos and conditioners containing sodium lauryl sulfate. Salt can lead to dry, irritated scalp and hair loss. People undergoing keratin treatments should avoid this ingredient because it will negate the treatment.

Polyethylene glycol (Polyethelyne Glycol, also called PEG/Polyethelyne or Polyoxyethelyne). This component plays the role of a thickener in shampoos. It thins the hair and deprives the scalp of natural moisture.

Diethanolamine (DEA) and Triethanolamine (TEA). Products containing DEA or TEA cause scalp irritation and allergic reactions. They also destroy the beneficial substances in your hair, such as keratin, leaving hair dry, brittle and lifeless.

Parabens. They are used to extend the shelf life of funds. Parabens, like methylparabens and propylparabens, are known to be toxic. Not only do they irritate the scalp, but they can affect hormonal balance, leading to hair loss.

Formaldehyde. Formaldehyde, found in large quantities in some shampoos, can cause hair loss.

Alcohol. Almost all hair care products contain some amount of alcohol, which in high concentrations can dry out your hair. Avoid buying shampoos that list alcohol as one of the first four ingredients, which means they have a higher alcohol content than other products.

Synthetic fragrance. They may contain dozens of different chemicals. It happens that one fragrance consists of 3000 chemicals. Many fragrances are irritating to the scalp.

Synthetic dyes. Artificial colors are often added to hair care products. These ingredients are often referred to as FD&C and D&C, and these letters are usually followed by a color and number. Colored pigments can lead to sensitivity and irritation of the scalp.

Propylene glycol. Propylene glycol, which is used as an antifreeze in cars, is also a common ingredient in shampoos and other body care products. It prevents cosmetics from freezing during loading and transportation. This substance irritates the skin, causes an allergic reaction and changes the structure of the skin.

Lanolin, petroleum products and mineral oils (Lanolin, Petroleum, Mineral oil). These ingredients are often used in lubricants and lipsticks and have no real moisturizing effect. They actually make the hair heavy and prevent the hair shaft from absorbing the natural oils produced by the scalp.

Dimethicone. Dimethicone is a synthetic polymer similar to silicone with two methyl groups attached (hence its name DIMETHICONE). It is added to hair and skin care products to coat the skin with a film to retain moisture and soften it.

Its safety is questionable because some people are allergic to the substance. It irritates the scalp, causing cracks, rashes, burning and itching.

In some people, it causes cystic acne because demythicone seals the pores, causing sebum and bacteria to become trapped in the skin. It prevents our skin from breathing, worsening acne and irritating hair follicles, which can trigger hair loss.

It is still unclear whether demythicone can cause changes and tumors in the skin and internal organs, such as the liver and lymph nodes. But when choosing cosmetics, skin creams, shampoos and hair conditioners, avoid products that contain dimethicone.

Sodium lauryl sulfate controversy

Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is a surfactant, emulsifier, strong detergent, which, without exaggeration, is included in thousands of cleaners and cosmetic products: shampoos, hair dyes, decorative cosmetics, toothpaste, oral care liquids, soaps and washing powders.

SLS is made from coconuts, but during processing it undergoes ethoxylation, which produces an unwanted byproduct - 1,4 dioxane. There are suspicions that when decomposed it has a carcinogenic effect. Although no relevant studies have been conducted, the available data are sufficient for these concerns to be serious.

The same applies to sodium laureth sulfate. Not only does it contain 1,4 dioxane, but it also contains ethylene oxide, another potential carcinogen.

These by-products are found in many cosmetic products. But not only do these two substances contain bad byproducts, but their molecules are small enough to penetrate our skin. As a result, these byproducts end up in our body.

There are other cleansers that contain small amounts of these byproducts, but their molecules are much larger in size so they don't end up in our bodies. As a result, the risk of their negative effects on the body is much lower. In any case, sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate are strong detergents that can cause irritation to the scalp and body.

What the Research Says

The safety of sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate is being studied, and thousands of small tests have already been conducted with varying results. There is still no clear answer to the question of whether these substances can lead to diseases.

But I believe that the evidence is sufficient to classify them as mild irritants that have molecules small enough to penetrate the skin.

Therefore, I prefer not to buy products containing these two substances. However, I am not prone to panic and am not against products that contain small amounts of unwanted by-products, as long as they cannot penetrate the skin.

Dr. Robert Dorin has 10 years of experience working with patients with hair problems. TrueDorin.com

Four tips for protecting your hair

1. Look for shampoos that do not contain ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, or sodium laureth sulfate.

2. Look for shampoos that contain milder cleansers, such as sodium lauryl sulfoacetate and sodium lauryl sulfosuccinate. Such shampoos do not create a lot of foam, but they cleanse the hair and scalp well without thinning the hair.

3. Look for dimethicone-free conditioners.

4. One of the best alternatives is to find a conditioner that contains 18-MEA (18-methyleicosanoic acid). One of the natural lipids our hair produces as it grows, 18-MEA coats it and acts as a natural sealant, helping to retain moisture, increasing hair strength and adding natural shine.

List of Shampoo Ingredients to Avoid

Alcohol when listed as one of the first four ingredients.
Ammonium lauryl sulfate
Diethanolamine (DEA)
Dimethicone
Formaldehyde
Lanolin
Mineral oils
Parabens, such as methylparaben or propylparaben
Petroleum (petroleum products)
Polyethylene glycol (Polyethelyne glycol, other designations PEG/polyethelyne, polyoxyethelyne)
Propylene glycol
Sodium chloride
Sodium laureth sulfate
Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)
Synthetic dyes (often have FD&C or D&C designations after the color or number)
Synthetic fragrance, Synthetic parfum
Triethanolamine (TEA)

Sodium chloride in cosmetics - nothing more than the well-known inorganic salt (also called table salt). This substance is widely used in various cosmetics, but in general, sodium chloride is important not only and not so much for our beauty, but for all biological species: this compound is found in most tissues and fluids of the human body.

The elements sodium and chlorine—sodium chloride—play individually and collectively diverse and important roles in many physiological processes, including nutrient transport and detoxification, nervous system function, and the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance. This component is no less often found in cosmetics, but still plays a secondary role - as an excipient. Although this does not make sodium chloride any less significant. Synonyms: Sodium Chloride, Rock Salt. Patented Formulas: SalSphere™ AquaSkin, Adinol OT64 , Aminogluten MG , Dead Sea Salt Powder, Fine Grain Bolivian Pink Salt, CalBlend® BSC, Miracare®, Crotein™.

Effect of sodium chloride in cosmetics

In addition to the fact that table salt is widely used in homemade cosmetics, mainly in scrubs, it is also widespread in the cosmetics industry. Cosmetics manufacturers use sodium chloride not only as an exfoliant, but also as a flavor enhancer, an agent for increasing viscosity, and even a weak antiseptic (everyone knows the mild antimicrobial effect of sea water - it depends precisely on the salt concentration).

Perhaps the most common role of sodium chloride in cosmetics is as a thickener. Thus, salt is usually used to thicken the aqueous phase of shampoos, shower gels, and facial cleansers. Another task of sodium chloride in the beauty industry is its use as an abrasive in scrubs and gommages.

Who is sodium chloride indicated for?

Sodium chloride as an active ingredient copes well with the following tasks:

Sodium chloride is absolutely safe for external use. The United States Food and Drug Administration has given sodium chloride GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status.

Cosmetics containing sodium chloride

Sodium chloride is used primarily as a binding agent in skin care products and sometimes in personal care products (forming a hypertonic or isotonic solution depending on the concentration). Table salt is widely found in cosmetics and personal care products. In particular, sodium chloride is used in mouth rinses and medicinal foot baths. It is added to shampoos, facial and body cleansers, bath products, styling products, as well as to decorative cosmetics formulas - foundations, foundations and powders.

Sources of sodium chloride

Sodium chloride, more commonly known as table salt, is a white crystalline substance that is naturally mined. Sodium chloride occurs naturally both in seawater and as the mineral halite (more commonly known as rock salt).

Halite occurs naturally in the form of cubic crystals, ranging from colorless to white, light and dark blue, yellow and pink - this diversity has given rise to many varieties of salt: Celtic, Himalayan, etc. However, when choosing cosmetics, you should not rely on these epithets: you need to be aware that this is nothing more than a marketing ploy, because in any case, the skin will be affected by the same substance - sodium chloride. The same applies to the prefix “Dead Sea” in the name of cosmetics. Rock salt is purified before use using various methods, while sea salt is considered more organic and physiological for humans.