Third generation antiallergic drugs list. Allergy tablets

Anyone who deals with the constant problem of allergies knows how important it is to find the right remedy to eliminate allergic reactions. Every year, specialists study and invent new antihistamines to help cope with painful rashes, pain and attacks. This article will talk about the 4th generation of antihistamines - the newest assistants in the fight against allergies.

What are antihistamines?

When hearing the word “antihistamine”, only people who know what allergies are have the correct ideas. Before using any product, you should understand what it is and why it is needed. The name of antihistamines speaks for itself - they act against histamine, which provokes allergies in humans.

Under the influence of an allergen (dust, animal hair, citrus fruits, etc.), histamine, which is in a neutral state, begins to activate. This manifests itself in the form of skin rashes, constant sneezing and runny nose; also, a person may begin to choke, his eyes may water, and other unpleasant symptoms may appear. To prevent the activation of histamine from disturbing the usual rhythm of life, special antihistamine medications were created that save both children and adults.

Of course, over time, more and more advanced antihistamines are created. At the moment, the best and most effective are the 4th generation of antihistamines. But to understand why it is better than the previous ones, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the history of the development of antihistamines.

Erius (active ingredient - Desloratadine)

Fourth generation of antihistamines

Quite recently, the latest development of specialists - the 4th generation of antihistamines - appeared in pharmacies. Their effect on the body is within 1-2 hours, and the effect lasts for a long time. The main advantage of such drugs is the complete absence of influence on the functioning of the heart. They have absolutely no side effects, but children and pregnant women should consult a doctor before use.

Kestin (active ingredient - Ebastine)

List of newest antihistamines

At the pharmacy you can find and purchase the following fourth generation antihistamines:

Bamipin - used for insect bites and other contact allergic reactions.
Desloratadine is available without a prescription and is suitable even for children.
Xizal is effective for conjunctivitis, sneezing and allergic rhinitis.
Levocetirizine is an excellent remedy for combating pollen allergies.
Fexofenadine is a metabolite of Terfenadine, the safest and most versatile antihistamine.
Fenspiride - used for allergic reactions associated with the respiratory tract.
Cetirizine is especially effective for allergic skin reactions.
Ebastine is effective for seasonal and year-round rashes, urticaria and rhinitis.
Erius is a metabolite of Loratodine, used for allergic rhinitis.

Reviews of 4th generation antihistamines

It is impossible to say unequivocally why some tablets are better than others, since the 4th generation of antihistamines recently appeared on the market. But it can be argued that each of them corresponds to the declared effect on the body. Due to the novelty of the drugs, many people are afraid to buy them and take the 3rd, 2nd and 1st generations of allergy medications known to them. But if you familiarize yourself and carry out a comparative description, the need to move to a new level in the fight against allergies becomes obvious.

Erespal (active ingredient - Fenspiride)

History of antihistamines

Third generation of antihistamines

The third generation takes into account all the shortcomings of the first two. They are highly effective, do not cause arrhythmia, drowsiness and do not affect the nervous system in any way. Third generation antihistamines include Allergodil, Zyrtec, Kestin, Levobastin, Cetrin. You can take them 1 tablet per day, which is also a significant advantage. At the moment, these are the most popular modern antihistamines.

Second generation antihistamines

Second generation drugs are extremely rarely used - these are Gismanal, Doxylamine, Claritin, Hifenadine. They are more effective than the first generation of antihistamines and do not cause drowsiness, but when combined with some antiarrhythmic drugs, their effect is neutralized. Their use is effective for skin rashes and itching. Also, it is worth noting that second-generation drugs are activated under a certain influence of the internal environment of the body, which cannot be called a reliable way to combat allergies.

First generation of antihistamines

First-generation antihistamines are used to eliminate mild and mildly expressed allergic reactions, such as mild itching and insect bites. The disadvantage of such drugs is increased drowsiness, which makes it dangerous to drive and it is impossible to take these drugs before important meetings. The first generation includes the following drugs - Diazolin, Diphenhydramine, Peritol, Suprastin, Tavegil, Fenkarol. Due to the relatively weak effect, taking tablets can be up to 3-4 times a day.

After reviewing the entire list of drugs, their effects and contraindications, it becomes obvious that the 4th generation of antihistamines comes out on top in the fight against allergies. But the fourth generation will still have to prove itself in the market so that people understand all the benefits of these products. Let's hope that this article will actively contribute to this and more and more people will no longer be afraid of allergic reactions. After all, they will know that there are reliable helpers in the fight against allergens and the activation of histamine.

Reading time: 11 minutes

It is a rare child who does not experience allergies to various pathogens; some already react painfully to certain products from birth, others to cosmetics or flowering plants, but thanks to new generation medications - antihistamines for children, serious complications can be avoided. If you take timely measures to eliminate childhood allergies, then acute processes will not turn into a state of chronic illnesses.

What are antihistamines

A group of modern medications that suppress the action of histamine (a neurotransmitter) are called antihistamines. When the body is exposed to an allergen, a mediator or an organic compound, histamine begins to be released from connective tissue cells that are part of the immune system. When a neurotransmitter interacts with specific receptors? Swelling, itching, rash and other manifestations of allergies often occur. Antihistamines are responsible for blocking these receptors. Today there are four generations of these drugs.

Antiallergic drugs do not completely cure the disease. They do not particularly affect the cause of allergies, but only help to cope with unpleasant symptoms. Such medications can be prescribed to patients of any age, even one-year-olds and infants. Antihistamines are prodrugs. This means that when they enter the body, they begin to be converted into active metabolites. An important property of these drugs is the complete absence of cardiotoxic effect.

Indications for use

When teething, before vaccination, special antiallergic medications can be used to neutralize a possible allergic reaction. Besides, indications for the use of such drugs are:

hay fever (hay fever);
Quincke's edema;
year-round, seasonal allergic reactions (conjunctivitis, rhinitis);
skin itching in infectious chronic diseases;
previously observed complex manifestations of allergies or symptoms of anaphylactic shock;
atopic dermatitis, eczema, dermatosis, urticaria and other skin rashes;
individual predisposition to allergies;
deterioration of the child’s condition due to chronic respiratory tract diseases (laryngitis, laryngeal stenosis, allergic cough);
high level of eosinophils in the blood;
insect bites;
swelling of the mucous membranes of the nose and oral cavity;
acute manifestations of allergies to drugs.

Classification

Antiallergic drugs, depending on the characteristics of the chemical composition, can be divided into groups:

piperidine derivatives;
alkylamines;
alphacarboline derivatives;
ethylenediamines;
phenothiazine derivatives;
piperazine derivatives;
ethanolamines;
quinuclidine derivatives.

Modern medicine offers a huge number of classifications of antiallergic drugs, but none of them is generally accepted. The classification of medications according to the time of their creation or according to generations, which are currently divided into 4: 1 - sedatives, 2nd generation - non-sedative, 3rd and 4th - metabolites, has become more widely used in clinical practice.

Generations of antihistamines

The very first antiallergic drugs appeared back in the 30s of the 20th century - these were 1st generation drugs. Science is constantly moving forward, so over time, similar 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation products have been developed. With the advent of each new drug, the strength and number of side effects decrease, and the duration of exposure increases. Below is a table of 4 generations of antiallergic drugs:

Generation	Main active ingredient	Characteristic	Titles
1	Diphenhydramine, diphenhydramine, diprazine, clemastine, hifenadine	They have a sedative effect and have a short-term effect. Diphenhydramine is often prescribed for hay fever and allergic dermatosis. Medicines cause tachycardia and vestibulopathy.	Psilo-balm, Suprastin, Tavegil, Diazolin
2	Azelastine, ebastine, astemizole, loratadine, terfenadine	Not sedative. No effect on the heart. Only one dose per day is needed, long-term use is possible.	Claritin, Kestin, Rupafin, Cetrin, Ketotifen, Fenistil, Zodak
3	Cetirizine, fexofenadine, desloratadine	Active metabolites do not affect the functioning of the heart. Rarely cause dryness of the mucous membranes of the mouth.	Xyzal, Allegra, Desloratadine, Cetirizine, Telfast, Fexofast
4	Levocetirizine, desloratadine	Modern means that instantly affect the body. 4th generation drugs quickly block histamine receptors and effectively eliminate allergy symptoms.	Ksizal, Glencet, Erius, Ebastine, Bamipin, Fenspiride

Antiallergic drugs for children

The choice of antihistamines should be made by a doctor. Self-medication will only aggravate the emerging allergic reaction and cause undesirable consequences. Parents often use creams to provide first aid. They can be smeared when a reaction to the vaccine occurs. Other forms: drops, tablets, syrup, suspension should be used after consulting a specialist. The pediatrician will select the dosage taking into account the severity of the allergy and the age of the baby.

Up to a year

Usually, Pediatricians prescribe new generation medications for infants, since the second and first can cause side effects: headache, drowsiness, suppression of activity, respiratory depression. Doctors often do not recommend taking antihistamines for children, but sometimes in acute situations they are simply necessary. The best remedies for young patients are:

Suprastin solution. Used to treat runny nose, urticaria, acute allergic dermatitis. It relieves itching well and speeds up the process of getting rid of skin rashes. Approved for the treatment of infants (from the age of 30 days). The pediatric dose is one fourth of an ampoule 2 times a day. Rarely, the medicine can cause nausea, bowel dysfunction, and dyspepsia. Suprastin is dangerous when taking more than one ampoule.
Fenistil drops. A popular allergy remedy for children is used to treat rubella and chickenpox. In addition, it is often drunk for contact dermatitis, sunburn, and insect bites. Antihistamine drops for children Fenistil can cause drowsiness at the very beginning of treatment, but after a few days this effect disappears. The medicine has side effects: dizziness, muscle spasms, swelling of the oral mucosa. Children under one year of age are prescribed 10 drops per day once, but not more than 30.

From 2 to 5 years

As the child grows up, the range of medications expands, although many well-known drugs are still contraindicated, for example, Suprastin and Claritin tablets, Azelastine drops. The most popular medications used from 2 to 5 years are:

Cetrin drops. Used for food allergies, for the treatment of conjunctivitis and rhinitis. The advantage of using the medicine is its long-lasting effect. The drops need to be taken only once a day. Side effects: anticholinergic effects, drowsiness, headache.
Erius. This allergy syrup for children is one of the most popular. It belongs to the 3rd generation drugs. Helps relieve allergic symptoms and alleviate the patient's general condition. Not addictive. Erius syrup is useful for rhinitis, hay fever, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria. Side effects: nausea, headache, diathesis, diarrhea.

From 6 years and older

As a rule, starting from the age of 6, a specialist can prescribe 2nd generation antihistamines for children. A child at this age is already able to take the tablet form, so allergists often prescribe Suprastin in tablets. For allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, Allergodil drops are used. Besides, Patients over 6 years of age can take:

Tavegil. Recommended for hay fever, dermatitis, allergic insect bites. Among antiallergic drugs, Tavegil is considered the safest. Therapy for children from 6 to 12 years old involves the following administration of the drug - half a capsule in the morning and evening. The tablets should be taken regularly before meals, preferably at the same time. They should be taken with caution by patients with glaucoma, because Tavegil causes deterioration in the clarity of perception of visual images.
Zyrtec. These non-hormonal tablets have anti-inflammatory and anti-exudative effects. The advantage of using the drug is its use as part of the combination treatment of bronchial asthma. Children over 6 years old can take half a tablet 2 times a day. Side effects: itching, rash, malaise, asthenia.

Which antihistamines are best for a child?

Unstable children's immunity often contributes to the occurrence of allergic reactions. Modern antihistamines for children help cope with negative symptoms. Many pharmaceutical companies produce antiallergic drugs in pediatric dosages in the form of syrup, drops, and suspension. This makes it easier to take and does not cause the baby to have an aversion to treatment. Often, to eliminate local inflammation, the doctor may prescribe an antihistamine in the form of a gel or cream. They are used externally for allergic skin reactions to insect bites.

Usually, antihistamines for newborns are allowed to be given in the form of syrup or oral drops, and they should not use old generation (1st) products due to sedation and high toxicity. The dosage of medications also depends on the severity of symptoms and the patient’s body weight. For children over one year of age, 3rd generation antiallergic drugs are recommended. For older children, tablets are more suitable. It is also possible to use anti-allergenic local products: nasal sprays, eye drops, gels, creams, ointments.

Pills

The most common form of antiallergenic drugs is tablets. A child can take them only from the age of 3, but often at this age the child is not yet able to swallow the medicine. Therefore, you can give crushed tablets, diluting them with water. Popular tablet drugs are:

Loratadine. Second generation medicine. Helps quickly eliminate unpleasant symptoms of allergic rhinitis, reactions to pollen and plant flowering. Used in the treatment of urticaria and bronchial asthma. Children over two years of age are recommended to take a single dose of 5 mg. Teenagers – 10 mg. Side effects: fever, blurred vision, chills.
Diazolin. Helps with allergic seasonal runny nose and cough. It can be prescribed during chickenpox, urticaria, and conjunctivitis caused by pollen. The maximum daily dose of Diazolin for patients aged 2 to 5 years is 150 mg. It is not recommended to take pills if you have heart problems.

Drops

This form is convenient for use in small children; it is easily dosed using a special bottle. As a rule, doctors try to prescribe antihistamines in drops for newborns. The most famous means are:

Zodak. The product has an antiexudative, antipruritic, antiallergic effect, and prevents the further development of the disease. The effect of the medicine begins within 20 minutes after administration and lasts throughout the day. Dosage for children over one year of age: 2 times a day, 5 drops. Rarely, when using drops, nausea and dry mouth occur. Patients with liver diseases should drink them with caution.
Fenkarol. The drug relieves spasms, reduces suffocation, and quickly extinguishes the negative manifestations of allergies. It is recommended to give 5 drops 2 times a day to patients under three years of age. Fenkarol is prescribed for chronic and acute hay fever, urticaria, dermatosis (psoriasis, eczema). Side effects: headache, nausea, dry mouth.

Syrups

Most antihistamines for children come in tablets, but some have alternatives in the form of syrups. Most of them have age restrictions of up to two years. The most popular antihistamine syrups are:

Claritin. Has a long-lasting antiallergic effect. The remedy is suitable for eliminating acute symptoms and preventing severe relapses. After oral administration, the medicine will begin to act within 30 minutes. Claritin is prescribed for seasonal or year-round rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis. Rarely, drowsiness and headache may occur while taking the medicine.
Gismanal. The drug is prescribed for allergic skin reactions, for the treatment and prevention of angioedema. Doses of the drug: patients over 6 years old - 5 mg once a day, younger than this age - 2 mg per 10 kg. Rarely, the medication may cause nausea, headache and dry mouth.

Ointments

Antiallergic children's ointments are a large group of medicines intended for topical use. Antihistamine ointments are applied to the affected area of skin manifestations of allergies. The most famous are:

Bepanten. An ointment that stimulates tissue regeneration. Used to care for babies, for skin irritations, diaper dermatitis, and to relieve dry skin. Rarely, Bepanten causes itching and urticaria during long-term treatment.
Gistan. Non-hormonal antihistamine cream. It contains components such as string extract, violets, and calendula. This topical medication is used for allergic skin reactions and as a topical anti-inflammatory agent for atopic dermatitis. Contraindications: the ointment should not be used by children under one year of age.

Overdose of antihistamines in children

Abuse, improper use or long-term therapy with antiallergic drugs can lead to their overdose, which often manifests itself in the form of increased side effects. They are only temporary and disappear after the patient stops taking the medicine or is prescribed an acceptable dose. Usually, Children with an overdose may experience:

severe drowsiness;
excessive stimulation of the central nervous system;
dizziness;
hallucinations;
tachycardia;
excited state;
fever;
convulsions;
renal dysfunction;
dry mucous membranes;
pupil dilation.

Price of antihistamines for children

Any antiallergic medications and their analogues can be purchased at a pharmacy without a prescription or ordered online. Their cost depends on the manufacturer, dosage, release form, pricing policy of the pharmacy and region of sale. Approximate prices for antiallergic medications in Moscow are presented in the table:

A small number of people are lucky enough to never experience an allergic reaction in their lives. Most people have to deal with them periodically. Effective antihistamines will help both adults and children cope with allergies. Such remedies help eliminate negative reactions in the body to certain stimuli. There is a wide range of anti-allergy medications on the market. It is desirable for every person to be able to understand them.

What are antihistamines

These are medications that work to suppress the action of free histamine. This substance is released from connective tissue cells that are part of the immune system when an allergen enters the human body. When histamine interacts with certain receptors, swelling, itching, and rashes begin. All these are symptoms of allergies. Drugs with an antihistamine effect block the above-mentioned receptors, alleviating the patient’s condition.

Indications for use

A doctor must prescribe antihistamines to you after making an accurate diagnosis. As a rule, their use is advisable in the presence of the following symptoms and diseases:

early atopic syndrome in a child;
seasonal or year-round rhinitis;
negative reaction to plant pollen, animal hair, household dust, some medications;
severe bronchitis;
angioedema;
anaphylactic shock;
food allergies;
enteropathy;
bronchial asthma;
atopic dermatitis;
conjunctivitis caused by exposure to allergens;
chronic, acute and other forms of urticaria;
allergic dermatitis.

Antihistamines - list

There are several generations of antiallergic drugs. Their classification:

New generation drugs. The most modern medicines. They act very quickly, and the effect of their use lasts for a long time. They block H1 receptors, suppressing allergy symptoms. Antihistamines in this group do not worsen heart function, therefore they are considered one of the safest.
3rd generation drugs. Active metabolites with very few contraindications. They provide quick, lasting results and are gentle on the heart.
2nd generation drugs. Non-sedative medications. They have a small list of side effects and put a lot of stress on the heart. Do not affect mental or physical activity. Second generation antiallergic drugs are often prescribed for the appearance of rash and itching.
1st generation drugs. Sedative medications that last up to several hours. They eliminate allergy symptoms well, but have many side effects and contraindications. Eating them always makes you sleepy. Nowadays, such drugs are prescribed very rarely.

New generation antiallergic drugs

It is not possible to list all the drugs in this group. It's worth taking a look at a few of the best ones. The following drug opens this list:

name: Fexofenadine (analogues - Allegra (Telfast), Fexofast, Tigofast, Altiva, Fexofen-Sanovel, Kestin, Norastemizole);
action: blocks H1-histamine receptors, relieves all allergy symptoms;
advantages: it acts quickly and for a long time, is available in tablets and suspensions, is well tolerated by patients, does not have too many side effects, is available without a prescription;
cons: not suitable for children under six years of age, pregnant women, nursing mothers, incompatible with antibiotics.

Another drug worthy of attention:

name: Levocetirizine (analogues - Aleron, Zilola, Alerzin, Glencet, Aleron Neo, Rupafin);
action: antihistamine, blocks H1 receptors, reduces vascular permeability, has antipruritic and antiexudative effects;
pros: there are tablets, drops, syrup on sale, the drug works in just a quarter of an hour, there are not many contraindications, it is compatible with many medications;
cons: a wide range of strong side effects.

name: Desloratadine (analogs - Lordes, Allergostop, Alersis, Fribris, Edem, Eridez, Alergomax, Erius);
action: antihistamine, antipruritic, decongestant, relieves rashes, runny nose, nasal congestion, reduces bronchial hyperactivity;
pros: the new generation allergy medicine is well absorbed and works quickly, relieves allergy symptoms for a day, does not have a negative effect on the central nervous system and the speed of reactions, does not harm the heart, can be taken together with other drugs;
cons: not suitable for pregnancy and lactation, prohibited for children under 12 years of age.

Antihistamines 3 generations

The following drug is popular and has many good reviews:

name: Dezal (analogs - Ezlor, Nalorius, Elisey);
action: antihistamine, relieves swelling and spasms, relieves itching, rashes, allergic rhinitis;
pros: available in tablets and solution, does not give a sedative effect and does not affect the speed of reactions, works quickly and lasts for about a day, is quickly absorbed;
cons: bad for the heart, many side effects.

Experts respond well to this drug:

name: Suprastinex;
action: antihistamine, prevents the appearance of allergic manifestations and facilitates their course, helps with itching, peeling, sneezing, swelling, rhinitis, lacrimation;
pros: available in drops and tablets, there is no sedative, anticholinergic or antiserotonergic effect, the drug acts in an hour and continues to work for a day;
cons: there are a number of strict contraindications.

The group of third-generation drugs also includes the following:

name: Xyzal;
action: pronounced antihistamine, not only relieves allergy symptoms, but also prevents their occurrence, reduces the permeability of vascular walls, fights sneezing, lacrimation, swelling, urticaria, inflammation of the mucous membranes;
pros: sold in tablets and drops, does not have a sedative effect, is well absorbed;
cons: has a wide list of side effects.

Antiallergenic drugs 2nd generation

A well-known series of medications is represented by tablets, drops, syrups:

name: Zodak;
action: prolonged antiallergic, helps against itching, flaking of the skin, relieves swelling;
pros: if the dosage and rules of administration are followed, it does not cause drowsiness, begins to act quickly, and is not addictive;
cons: prohibited for pregnant women and children.

The following second generation drug:

name: Cetrin;
action: antihistamine, good for swelling, hyperemia, itching, peeling, rhinitis, urticaria, reduces capillary permeability, relieves spasms;
pros: drops and syrup are available for sale, low cost, lack of anticholinergic and antiserotonin effects, if the dosage is observed, does not affect concentration, is not addictive, side effects are extremely rare;
cons: there are a number of strict contraindications; an overdose is very dangerous.

Another very good drug in this category:

name: Lomilan;
action: systemic blocker of H1 receptors, relieves all allergy symptoms: itching, flaking, swelling;
pros: does not affect the heart and central nervous system, is completely eliminated from the body, helps to overcome allergies well and quickly, suitable for continuous use;
cons: many contraindications and side effects.

1st generation products

Antihistamines in this group appeared a long time ago and are now used less frequently than others, but nevertheless deserve attention. Here is one of the most famous:

name: Diazolin;
action: antihistamine, H1 receptor blocker;
pros: gives an anesthetic effect, acts for a long time, helps well with dermatoses with itchy skin, rhinitis, cough, food and drug allergies, insect bites, is cheap;
disadvantages: there is a moderately pronounced sedative effect, many side effects, contraindications.

This one also belongs to 1st generation drugs:

name: Suprastin;
action: antiallergic;
pros: available in tablets and ampoules;
cons: pronounced sedative effect, the effect does not last long, there are a lot of contraindications and side effects.

The last representative of this group:

name: Fenistil;
action: histamine blocker, antipruritic;
pros: available in the form of a gel, emulsion, drops, tablets, relieves skin irritation well, provides some pain relief, inexpensive;
cons: the effect after use wears off quickly.

Allergy tablets for children

Most antihistamines have strict contraindications based on age. A completely reasonable question would be: how to treat very young allergy sufferers, who suffer no less than adults? As a rule, children are prescribed drugs in the form of drops, suspensions, and not tablets. Medicines approved for the treatment of infants and persons under 12 years of age:

Diphenhydramine;
Fenistil (drops are suitable for infants older than one month);
Peritol;
Diazolin;
Suprastin (suitable for infants);
Clarotadine;
Tavegil;
Cetrin (suitable for newborns);
Zyrtec;
Clarisens;
Cinnarizine;
Loratadine;
Zodak;
Claritin;
Erius (allowed from birth);
Lomilan;
Fenkarol.

Mechanism of action of antihistamines

Under the influence of an allergen, the body produces excess histamine. When it binds to certain receptors, negative reactions are caused (swelling, rash, itching, runny nose, conjunctivitis, etc.). Antihistamines reduce the release of this substance into the blood. In addition, they block the action of H1-histamine receptors, thereby preventing them from binding and reacting with histamine itself.

Side effects

Each drug has its own list. The specific list of side effects also depends on which generation the product belongs to. Here are a few of the most common:

headache;
drowsiness;
confusion;
decreased muscle tone;
fast fatiguability;
constipation;
disturbances in concentration;
blurred vision;
abdominal pain;
dizziness;
dry mouth.

Contraindications

Each antihistamine has its own list indicated in the instructions. Almost every one of them is prohibited for pregnant girls and nursing mothers. In addition, the list of contraindications for therapy may include:

individual intolerance to components;
glaucoma;
stomach or duodenal ulcer;
prostate adenoma;
bladder obstruction;
children or old age;
lower respiratory tract diseases.

The best allergy remedies

TOP 5 most effective drugs:

Erius. A fast-acting medicine that is good for eliminating runny nose, itching, and rashes. It costs expensive.
Eden. A drug containing desloratadine. Does not have a hypnotic effect. Copes well with lacrimation, itching, swelling.
Zyrtec. A drug based on cetirizine. Fast-acting and effective.
Zodak. An excellent allergy medicine that instantly relieves symptoms.
Cetrin. A drug that very rarely produces side effects. Quickly eliminates allergy symptoms.

Price of antihistamines

All medications are available for purchase, and you can easily choose the one that suits you best. Sometimes they give good discounts on funds. You can buy them in pharmacies in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other cities, or order them delivered by mail from online pharmacies. For an approximate price range for antihistamines, see the table:

Name of medicine, release form, volume	Approximate cost in rubles
Suprastin, tablets, 20 pcs.

It’s not for nothing that allergies are called the disease of the 21st century - today people of all ages have to deal with it, and not only in the spring and summer, when plants bloom, but often all year round. Allergic reactions are provoked by anything: food, medicines and household chemicals, pet hair, pollen, ordinary dust, sun and even cold. Therefore, the question of which allergy medicine to choose from all those offered in pharmacies is very relevant.

Manifestations of allergies are not painful, but very unpleasant: watery eyes, sneezing, nasal discharge, rashes on the face and body that itch and become inflamed. This condition is especially difficult for young children. In difficult cases, Quincke's edema occurs and anaphylactic shock develops. That’s why it’s so important to know which anti-allergy medications, in which cases it’s best to use them, what their differences and features are. After all, each allergy remedy has its own composition and mechanism of action, dosages and contraindications are also different. In order not to harm yourself and restore normal well-being as quickly as possible, it is worth studying the rating in detail and choosing the best allergy remedy.

What are allergy remedies?

Modern therapy uses three generations of anti-allergy tablets. Representatives of the latest generation have incomparably fewer side effects and contraindications, and are characterized by a faster and longer-lasting effect, even with small dosages. But along with them, traditional first-generation anti-allergy remedies for children and adults are also used - sometimes only they can improve the patient’s condition.

In addition to antihistamines, the following can also be prescribed against allergies for children and older patients:

corticosteroids – hormonal injections or tablets;
mast cell membrane stabilizers.

Below we will discuss in more detail the most popular anti-allergy drugs from the listed categories. The rating is based on the effectiveness of the drug, the number of side effects and cost.

Antihistamines of different generations

To relieve allergy symptoms, you need to act in two directions: eliminate the source of the allergy, and suppress the release of histamine, a substance that the body begins to actively produce in response to an irritant. The latter is achieved with the help of medicines from this group; they relieve irritation and inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and nasopharynx, treat rashes and swelling, and other symptoms, with varying speed and effectiveness. Today, four generations of anti-allergy drugs are used.

In modern practical medicine, and even more so in pediatrics, these anti-allergenic drugs are used in rare cases. But sometimes they become the only possible salvation, so it’s worth learning more about them too. There are many more disadvantages to such medications than advantages, the main one being a long list of contraindications and side effects.

Negative effects on the central nervous system - almost all tablets from this class have a pronounced hypnotic and sedative effect.
With rare exceptions, the therapeutic effect does not last long.
Such medications can reduce muscle tone.
Psychomotor agitation may occur with prolonged use of these drugs or accidental overdose.
During therapy with these medications, you should not perform tasks that require increased concentration.
Anti-allergy medications of this generation enhance the effect of alcohol, analgesic medications and some other drugs.
With a course of treatment of more than three weeks, tachyphylaxis develops - addiction to the active component of the drug, as a result of which its effectiveness decreases. For this reason, if allergy symptoms have not disappeared after three weeks of therapy, the product used requires replacement.

In the USA and Europe, many of the medications in this category were banned and are no longer used. This is due to too frequent negative actions, including tachycardia, drying out of the oral mucosa, urinary retention, constipation, and decreased clarity of vision.

Advantages

Almost the only advantage that these antihistamines have for skin allergies is accessibility. Compared to new medications of the latest generations, these are several times cheaper. The effect appears quickly, but does not last long. Some of the tablets are used as an antiemetic or as an alternative when the effect of the main drug is reduced.

Rating of the best first generation antihistamines for allergies

Rating

Name

Price

3 RUR

157 RUR

55 RUR

Points

Gentle effect on the body

Ease of use

Availability in the pharmacy network

Quick results

Suprastin

It is still quite often prescribed for the treatment of allergies, especially in emergency situations, in which case it is administered as a solution intramuscularly or intravenously. In comparison with analogues from this class, it has few side effects and contraindications. The active component is chloropyramine, it does not stay in the blood for long, is not deposited in cells and is almost completely excreted through the kidneys along with urine. For this reason, Suprastin should not be taken by those patients who, in addition to allergies, also have renal failure of any form. It has a sedative effect, provokes drowsiness, but is quite effective for urticaria, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, Quincke's edema.

Low cost.
Proven effectiveness.

Causes drowsiness and inhibits reflex reactions.
Not prescribed for small children and pregnant women, drivers, doctors.

This is a drug proven by many years of experience, today it is used as an adjuvant in the treatment of pseudoallergic reactions and anaphylactic shock. Available in tablet or liquid injection form. Despite the fact that Tavegil belongs to the first generation, it is still popular today, along with more gentle analogues.

Low price - from 100 rubles per package.
High efficiency - Tavegil really helps to quickly cope with itching, swelling, sneezing and runny nose, lacrimation.
The effect can last up to eight hours - of all the tablets in this category, only these have such a long-lasting effect.

Sometimes Tavegil itself causes allergies.
It should not be used to eliminate allergies in pregnant women and small children under one year of age.
After taking the pills, it is forbidden to drive or perform other important tasks that require increased attention and precision of movements.

The active component of this drug is the substance diphenhydramine. Diphenhydramine, without exaggeration, is called the progenitor of all antihistamines. In addition to antiallergic, it also has an anti-inflammatory effect and is included in the triad - a combination of drugs used by ambulance teams during emergency treatment.

Low cost.
Fast action.
Combines well with other medications.

Drowsiness, lethargy, inhibition of reactions or vice versa, excessive excitement, insomnia.
The active substance affects heart contractions and causes anemia.
It is better not to use Diphenhydramine for systemic treatment of children and pregnant or lactating women.

The active component of this drug is mebhydrolin.

Suitable for all age categories.
It's inexpensive.
It acts quickly and retains its effect for a long time.
Can be used for prevention purposes.

Ineffective for severe forms of allergies as the main drug.
Has contraindications and side effects.
Contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding, heart failure, epilepsy, glaucoma, prostatitis adenoma.

Peritol

This remedy is effective for almost all types of allergies, quickly eliminates the manifestations of hay fever, urticaria, neurodermatitis, dermatitis by suppressing the release of histamine. Also used to treat migraines, anorexia, cachexia. The active substance is cyproheptadine salts.

Available in tablets for adults and in syrup for children over two years old.
Has a wide spectrum of action.
Stimulates the absorption of nutrients, which is important for patients suffering from anorexia, having problems with eating and weight gain.

Leads to disturbances in the outflow of urine and swelling.
Not for pregnant and lactating women.
Causes weight gain, which is not suitable for everyone.
Has a sedative effect and causes drowsiness.

Second generation antihistamines for allergies

The main difference and advantage of these medications is their insignificant effect on the central nervous system. Drowsiness or slow reactions occur much less frequently, only if the dosage is violated or the patient’s individual hypersensitivity to the active components. They also have less impact on the heart tissue and digestive tract. If you need to find a good, inexpensive anti-allergy remedy for children, doctors often turn to drugs in this particular category.

Flaws

Not all remedies are suitable for women during the period of bearing and feeding a child or infants.
Should not be taken if you have kidney disease.
High price.

Advantages

Fast action, lasting for 8–12 hours;
Significantly fewer side effects.
Possibility of use in pediatrics.

Below is an overview of the most commonly purchased medications from this group.

Rating of the best second-generation antihistamines for allergies

Rating

Name

Price

366 RUR

792 RUR

550 RUR.

Points

Gentle effect on the body

Ease of use

Effectively eliminating the body's allergic reaction

Availability in the pharmacy network

Quick results

Claritin

Leader in its class. It is prescribed to eliminate manifestations of allergies in patients of all ages, including the elderly and infants over one year old.

Does not depress the nervous system, does not reduce concentration.
It acts within 20–30 minutes after administration and remains effective for up to 8 hours.
The tablets quickly help reduce annoying itching, swelling and redness of the skin, and are no less effective for laryngospasms and bronchospasms.

Effects on the kidneys.
Quite a high cost - for the same amount you can buy a safer product of the latest generation.

Another popular second-generation remedy, despite the abundance of modern improved medications. According to reviews, Fenistil is inferior in effectiveness to Claritin. But, nevertheless, it is very popular among young mothers, as it is available in various pharmaceutical forms. It is convenient to use for the treatment of allergies in infants: drops are taken orally, and the ointment is used externally against itching and redness.

Quickly stops an allergy attack and blocks further production of histamines.
Effective for all types of allergies - to food, sun, cold, chemicals, plants and animal hair.

Weak sedative effect.
Incompatibility with alcohol and certain medications.
Prescribed with caution to pregnant, lactating and young children.

A potent, but not the most harmless remedy against severe and persistent allergies. It has a prolonged effect - in some patients it lasts up to ten days or more. Therefore, Gistalong is the drug of choice in the treatment of chronic allergies in patients of different ages.

A serious side effect is the effect on the heart muscle and the frequency of its contractions.
The drug should not be prescribed to persons with heart defects and other pathologies of the cardiovascular system.
Contraindicated in pregnant women, lactating women, and small children; not used to suppress acute allergies.
High cost, up to 460 rubles per package. But, given that most patients only need to take one or two dosages per month, it is quite affordable.

While taking Gistalong, you can stop taking other antihistamines.
One dose is enough to forget about allergies for several weeks.
Suitable for the treatment of chronic allergies in advanced form.

Semprex

This is another histamine H1 receptor antagonist. Used to treat all types of allergies, including cold allergies, and is effective for atopic eczema. The active substance of the drug is acrivastine.

Does not affect the psychomotor activity and emotional state of the patient.
Does not cause drowsiness.
Can be used for diagnoses such as glaucoma and prostate adenoma.

If the dosage is exceeded, the drug itself can cause allergies - skin rashes, itching, swelling, etc.

Third generation antihistamines

They are metabolites of previous generation drugs. Exposure does not affect the nervous system and heart, and has almost no effect on kidney function. Accordingly, their prices are higher.

Flaws

Due to their high cost, they cannot be used to treat children under the age of 2–6 years (with rare exceptions).
Not everyone can afford such expensive products.

Advantages

Minimum side effects.
Excellent efficiency.
Duration of action.
For children they are made in the form of syrups and suspensions with pleasant tastes.

Tsetrin

This is a recognized leader among medications produced today. It does not cause drowsiness, does not inhibit reactions and reflexes, does not impair attention and vision, liver, kidney and heart functions. Moreover, the cost of one package is no more than 200 rubles. Suitable for eliminating manifestations of allergies of any kind, it begins to act within a quarter of an hour after administration. To maintain a stable condition of the patient, one dose per day is enough. And most importantly, it has virtually no contraindications and is prescribed at any age.

Cetrin analogues from this category: Cetirizine, Zirtec, Zodak, Telfast, Fexofenadine, Erius.

Glucocorticoids for allergies

As a rule, they are used for serious forms of pathology and are prescribed both locally and systemically, in the form of tablets and injections. These products contain the same hormones that are produced by the adrenal cortex. Therefore, corticosteroids help relieve inflammation and allergies where classical remedies are powerless. The most common medications from this class are:

Prednisolone;
Dexamethasone;
Beclamethasone.

Corticosteroids are prescribed for the treatment of bronchial asthma; side effects are less pronounced if they are used for inhalation. The main drawback is the unpredictability of possible side effects. Therefore, you should absolutely not start using hormonal tablets and solutions on your own.

Mast cell membrane blocking agents

These are Ketotifen, Cromoglin, Cromohexal, Intal. Available in the form of tablets, inhalations, syrups, sprays. Rarely prescribed to children under two years of age. The active components stabilize the membranes of mast cells and thereby stop the production of histamine, a substance that triggers an allergic reaction. They are also used exclusively on the recommendation of a doctor, especially in pediatrics.

conclusions

There is no universal remedy for allergies. Each patient has his own physiological characteristics, therefore for each there are his own best allergy pills that are ideal for him, while another patient may not be satisfied for one reason or another. Sometimes it takes months and years to find the optimal remedy. But the range of modern anti-allergy medications allows you to ultimately find exactly what you need - the question, as a rule, is the price and availability of a well-stocked pharmacy.

And diseases: urticaria, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and others.

Peculiarities

Important Patient Information

Allergy sufferers should not only store antihistamines at home, but also carry them with them. The sooner you take the medicine, the less severe the allergy will be.
People whose activities require concentration, increased attention and quick decision-making should not use first-generation drugs. If you had to use them, it is contraindicated to drive for 12 hours after taking the tablets.
Most first-generation antihistamines cause dry mouth and increase the negative effects of alcohol on the body.

Trade name of the drug	Price range (Russia, rub.)	Features of the drug that are important for the patient to know about
Active substance: Diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine (various products) Psilo-balm(gel for external use) (Stada)		A first-generation drug with a pronounced hypnotic effect. Currently, it is rarely used as an antiallergic agent in tablet form. More often used in the form of injections to enhance the effect of analgesics. Tablets and solutions are dispensed from pharmacies strictly according to a doctor’s prescription. In gel form, it is indicated for sunburn and thermal burns of the first degree, insect bites, chicken pox and skin allergies.
Active substance: Chloropyramine
Suprastin (Aegis)		A long and widely used first generation antihistamine. Used for any allergic reactions, especially acute ones, as well as allergic reactions to insect bites. Approved for use in children from 1 month of life. The effect develops 15-30 minutes after administration, reaches a maximum within the first hour and lasts for at least 3-6 hours. May cause drowsiness when used. It has moderate antiemetic, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory effects. During pregnancy (especially in the first trimester and last month) it can be taken in exceptional cases. Breastfeeding women are advised to stop breastfeeding while taking the drug.
Active substance: Clemastine
Tavegil (Novartis)		A highly effective first-generation drug with all its characteristic indications and side effects. Slightly less diphenhydramine and chloropyramine affect the nervous system, causing less drowsiness. Contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Active substance: Hifenadine
Fenkarol(Olainfarm)		First generation drug. It has slightly less antihistamine activity than other drugs. However, it rarely causes severe drowsiness. Can be used when developing addiction to other antihistamines. Course use is possible, since the effect usually does not decrease over time. Contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Active substance: Mebhydrolin
Diazolin (various products)		A drug similar in action and indications to hifenadine. Contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Active substance: Dimetinden
Fenistil (drops for oral administration) (Novartis) Fenistil-gel(Novartis)		In the form of drops for oral administration, it is used in children from the 1st month. Helps soothe the skin from insect bites, gently relieves itching from measles, rubella, chicken pox, and is used for eczema, food and drug allergies. Characterized by a relatively rapid onset of action 45 minutes after administration. Contraindicated in bronchial asthma, glaucoma, in the 1st trimester of pregnancy and while breastfeeding. May cause drowsiness. In gel form, it is indicated for skin allergies and itching, as well as for minor burns, including sunburn.
Active substance: Loratadine
Loratadine (various products) Claridol(Shreya) Clarisens(Pharmstandard) Claritin (Shering Plough) Clarotadine (Akrikhin) Lomilan (Lek d.d.) LauraHexal (Hexal)		A widely used second generation drug. The antihistamine effect reaches its maximum after 8-12 hours and lasts more than 24 hours. Well studied, rarely causes side effects. Contraindicated during breastfeeding.
Active substance: Rupatadine fumarate
Rupafin(Abbott)		A new second generation antiallergic drug. Effectively and quickly eliminates the symptoms of allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It differs from other drugs in that it acts on both the early and late phases of allergic inflammation. Therefore, it can be effective in cases where other means do not provide a sufficient positive effect. Effective within 15 minutes. Good for long-term use. Contraindicated during pregnancy, breastfeeding and children under 12 years of age.
Active substance: Levocetirizine
Levocetirizine-Teva(Teva) Suprastinex(Aegis) Glenzeth (Glenmark) Xizal (USB Farhim)		New, improved cetirizine formula. It has a powerful anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effect, 2 times higher than that of cetirizine. Indicated for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, hay fever, conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis and urticaria. It acts very quickly, there is a children's form in the form of drops from 2 years. Contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Active substance: Cetirizine
Zyrtec(USB Farhim) Zodak(Zentiva) Parlazin(Aegis) Letizen(KRKA) Cetirizine (various products) Tsetrin(Dr. Reddy's)		A widely used third generation drug. After a single dose, the onset of the effect is observed after 20-60 minutes, the effect lasts more than 24 hours. During the course of treatment, addiction to the drug does not develop. After stopping treatment, the effect lasts up to 3 days. In the form of drops, it is allowed for children from 6 months. Contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Active substance: Fexofenadine
Telfast(Sanofi-Aventis) Fexadine (Runbaxy) Fexofast(Micro Lab)		A third-generation drug for the elimination of symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis and the symptomatic treatment of chronic urticaria. For use in adults and children over 6 years of age. Contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Active substance: Desloratadine
Desloratadine-Teva(Teva) Lordestin (Gedeon Richter) Erius (Shering Plough)		A modern, powerful antiallergic drug for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. The action begins within 30 minutes after ingestion and continues for 24 hours. Has the lowest risk of developing drowsiness. Contraindicated during pregnancy, breastfeeding and children under 1 year.
Active substance: Ebastine
Kestin (Nycomed)		Second generation drug. It has a particularly long-lasting effect. After taking the drug orally, a pronounced antiallergic effect develops after 1 hour and continues for 48 hours. Contraindicated during pregnancy, breastfeeding and children under 6 years of age.

Remember, self-medication is life-threatening; consult a doctor for advice on the use of any medications.