Pyrogenal tablets instructions for use. Pyrogenal, solution for intramuscular administration
Pyrogenal –
immunomodulator bacterial origin, having a wide spectrum of action. Its active substance is bacterial lipopolysaccharide, which is obtained from the microbial mass of gram-negative cultures.
Pyrogenal has many properties:
- desensitizing (anti-allergic);
- anti-inflammatory;
- regenerating;
- regulated pyrogenic (increases body temperature by 1-2o for 2-4 hours, affecting the thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus);
- specific and general immunostimulating (increases the body’s overall resistance to infections);
- stimulates the activity of the adrenal glands, as a result of which the concentration of corticosteroid hormones in the blood increases;
- increases the permeability of tissues, capillary walls and the blood-brain barrier, resulting in improved metabolic processes;
- accelerates the processes of regeneration (restoration) of nervous tissue;
- facilitates the penetration of antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic drugs into the site of inflammation;
- restores blood circulation in affected areas of tissues and organs;
- prevents the formation of adhesions and scars, and also smoothes out existing post-traumatic skin defects;
- improves fibrinolytic (anti-coagulant) properties of blood;
- helps restore lost organ functions.
In the blood after the administration of Pyrogenal, leukopenia occurs (decrease in the number of leukocytes), which is replaced by leukocytosis (increase in the level of leukocytes).
After introduction into the body, the main part (up to 90%) of Pyrogenal settles on the surface of leukocytes, and only 10% circulates freely in the blood.
The drug is excreted only by the kidneys.
Release forms
Pyrogenal has two forms of release:
- rectal suppositories yellowish-white in color, cylindrical in shape, pointed at one end, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mcg of active substance, packaged in packs of 10 pieces;
- ampoules 1 ml of colorless transparent solution for intramuscular injection, 10 ampoules per box; the ampoule contains 10, 25, 50 or 100 mcg of the main active ingredient.
Instructions for use of PyrogenalIndications for use
Both dosage forms (suppositories and solution) are used in the following cases:
- chronic liver diseases;
- strictures (narrowing) of the ureters and urethra;
- chronic prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate gland) and urethritis (inflammation of the urethra);
- adnexitis (inflammation of the uterine appendages);
- secondary infertility (inability to conceive a child after an ectopic pregnancy, the birth of a second child, abortion or miscarriage);
- adhesive disease of the abdominal cavity;
- venereal diseases;
- burn disease.
Pyrogenal rectal suppositories are used in the following cases:
- papillomavirus infection;
- immunorehabilitation and immunoprophylaxis for prolonged acute viral or bacterial diseases, as well as frequent relapses of acute respiratory infections.
Pyrogenal in solution for injection is prescribed for nonspecific therapy of the following diseases:
- sluggish forms of tuberculosis in the resorption phase;
- some allergic diseases, such as bronchial asthma;
- iridocyclitis (inflammation of the iris and ciliary body);
- uveitis (inflammation of the choroid of the eye);
- corneal clouding;
- severe eye burns;
- herpes virus infection of the eyes;
- optic neuritis;
- viral conjunctivitis and keratitis;
- psoriasis and other chronic skin diseases;
- neurodermatitis, urticaria;
- chronic diffuse streptoderma (pustular skin disease);
- sclerotic processes in the bronchi;
- epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis);
- traumatic injuries of the peripheral and central nervous system;
- spina bifida;
- diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system;
- cerebral arachnoiditis (inflammation of the arachnoid membrane of the brain);
- the need for pyrotherapy (a method of treating many diseases, which consists of artificially increasing body temperature);
- prevention of the formation of post-traumatic scars with extensive skin lesions;
- provocation of latent infectious diseases.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to the main active ingredient or auxiliary components of the drug;
- cardiovascular failure;
- renal and liver failure;
- pregnancy and lactation;
- history of autoimmune diseases;
- acute diseases with a high rise in temperature;
- blood diseases;
- chronic diseases in the period of exacerbation or in the stage of decompensation (with the exception of diseases that are indications for prescribing medication).
Pyrogenal is prescribed with caution for diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases and seizures of various etiologies.
Side effects Some side effects are possible when using suppositories:
- increase in body temperature to 37-37.5oC;
- flu-like syndrome - headache, fever, severe fatigue, muscle pain, joint pain, anorexia (lack of appetite), chills, nausea and vomiting.
Pyrogenal in the form of injections can cause the following side effects:
- An increase in temperature to 37.5oC, which may be accompanied by slight chills and malaise, and lasts several hours (on average 3-8 hours). If there is such a reaction to the administration of Pyrogenal, the current dose of the drug should be repeated until the side effects disappear. And only after this the dose can be increased.
- Less common side effects are very severe chills and high fever (up to 39.5oC), headache and nagging pain in the lower back. Such reactions are transient and last no more than 8 hours. Then the temperature drops and the symptoms disappear. If such side effects occur, the dose of the drug must be reduced.
During pyrotherapy, all of the listed reactions are considered acceptable.
Overdose manifests itself in pronounced side effects. In this case, an immediate dose reduction is required.
Treatment with Pyrogenal
How to use Pyrogenal? Pyrogenal, depending on the form of release, can be used rectally in the form of suppositories or in injections. The choice of route of administration, dose and treatment regimen depends on the underlying diagnosis.
The doctor individually selects for each patient the minimum dose of Pyrogenal that causes an increase in temperature. This dose is administered until the temperature stops rising after the injection or insertion of a suppository. As soon as this happens, the dose begins to be increased.
When treating with Pyrogenal, due to the high probability of side effects, you should refrain from driving, complex mechanisms and other dangerous activities that require increased attention and speed of reaction.
Pyrogenal is rarely prescribed to children and with caution due to the lack of reliable data on the results of treatment.
For patients prone to febrile convulsions or with convulsive readiness, Pyrogenal is prescribed under the guise of anticonvulsant therapy and only in inpatient settings.
Dosage of PyrogenalSuppositories Suppositories are administered rectally once a day, daily or every other day, depending on the doctor’s prescription. The minimum single dose is 50 mcg, the maximum is 200 mcg.
Treatment with suppositories most often follows a scheme in which 12 suppositories are required per course - 3 of 50 mcg, 3 of 100 mcg, 3 of 150 mcg and 3 of 200 mcg.
But sometimes the treatment regimen and course can be individual and differ from the generally accepted ones.
In case of prolonged acute processes of bacterial or viral etiology or frequent relapses of acute respiratory infections, Pyrogenal is prescribed as an immunomodulator in the form of rectal suppositories of 50 mcg or 100 mcg. The course of therapy in this case is from 5 to 10 suppositories.
Solution for intramuscular administration Injections are given once a day, every other day. Sometimes Pyrogenal is diluted with a 0.9% sodium chloride solution before administration. An open ampoule with solution cannot be stored.
The dose of the drug at the first administration is minimal - 2.5 mcg. But during therapy, it is gradually increased by 2.5 - 5 mcg and brought to a maximum of 100 mcg. The course of treatment is from 10 to 30 injections. If necessary, it can be repeated, but not earlier than after 2-3 months.
For pyrotherapy, Pyrogenal is prescribed in a dose of 5 - 10 mcg and administered intramuscularly once a day. This dose is gradually increased to 100 -150 mcg. The interval between injections is 1 - 2 days.
Doctors sometimes practice combination treatment, in which injections alternate with the administration of suppositories.
Pyrogenal and alcohol
According to the observations of practicing doctors, Pyrogenal has the ability to stop binge drinking and
hangover conditions
in 96-98% of cases. Therefore, when
alcoholism
Pyrogenal is prescribed to reduce cravings (pathological attraction) for alcohol in the first days of treatment by artificially increasing the temperature.
In this case, the drug is administered over five days according to a special scheme with a gradual increase in dosage: 50 mcg - 75 mcg - 100 mg - 125 mcg - 150 mcg per day. Within two to three hours, body temperature rises to 38-39oC and returns to normal within 24 hours.
If alcoholism treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis, then the maximum dose of Pyrogenal should not exceed 100 mcg per day.
Pyrogenal in gynecology
The main indications for the use of Pyrogenal in gynecological practice are the following:
- secondary infertility;
- sexually transmitted diseases – syphilis, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, etc.;
- inflammation of the uterine appendages;
- papillomavirus infection.
In gynecology, Pyrogenal is also used in pyrotherapy and to provoke hidden infectious diseases in women.
Pyrogenal suppresses Trichomonas (causative agents of trichomoniasis) and Giardia at the cellular level, and promotes restoration processes in tissues affected by pathogens.
In the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, Pyrogenal consistently fights each new wave of the pathogen, and also helps chemotherapy drugs penetrate the source of inflammation and completely destroy microorganisms.
The drug is effective in the fight against gonococci, chlamydia, Trichomonas and Giardia.
Provocation by Pyrogenal
Sometimes sexually transmitted diseases (in particular, gonorrhea) can be asymptomatic. A patient carrier of the pathogen infects all of his sexual partners, often without knowing it.
Provocation with Pyrogenal is used to identify hidden sexually transmitted infections in the human body that are asymptomatic; to clarify the diagnosis and monitor the effectiveness of treatment.
When provoked, Pyrogenal is administered intramuscularly, in parallel with the gonovaccine.
The purpose of provocation is to cause an exacerbation of the disease by artificially causing a decrease in immunity and simultaneously increasing the viability of pathogens.
Drug interactions of Pyrogenal
The drug can be combined with any medications.
With complex therapy, Pyrogenal improves the penetration of antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic drugs into lesions.
Pyrogenal cannot be mixed in the same syringe with other drugs.
Pyrogenal's analogs
Currently, there are no analogues of Pyrogenal for the active substance.
Analogues of Pyrogenal in terms of pharmacological action are the drug “Prodiogisan”, as well as “Transfer Factor”, which is considered a higher quality and more effective product.
Reviews about the drug
Regarding Pyrogenal, the opinions of patients and doctors do not always coincide. Reviews from doctors about the drug are positive, because provocation with Pyrogenal helps to quickly clarify the diagnosis and timely start of treatment.
Patients quite often speak negatively about Pyrogenal, noting the severe pain of the injections. And many of them are simply not prepared for side effects in the form of fever and malaise, which appear in the first hours after administration of the drug. However, the therapeutic effect of Pyrogenal is not criticized in reviews.
Drug price
Pyrogenal is produced by several enterprises in Russia.
- Pyrogenal in solution for injection 10 mcg/ml costs from 303 to 468 rubles.
- Pyrogenal in solution for injection 25 mcg/ml costs from 329 to 457 rubles.
- Pyrogenal in solution for injection 50 mcg/ml costs from 410 to 510 rubles.
- Pyrogenal in solution for injection 100 mcg/ml costs from 400 to 567 rubles.
- Pyrogenal suppositories 50 mcg cost from 524 to 613 rubles. per package.
- Pyrogenal suppositories 100 mcg cost from 449 to 980 rubles. per package.
- Pyrogenal candles set (12 candles) costs from 793 to 923 rubles.
ATTENTION! The information posted on our website is for reference or popular information and is provided to a wide range of readers for discussion. Prescription of medications should be carried out only by a qualified specialist, based on the medical history and diagnostic results.
pharmachologic effect
A broad-spectrum immunomodulator that activates the reticuloendothelial, hypothalamic-pituitary and fibrinolytic systems. It has desensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties, increases the general and specific resistance of the body, and affects the thermoregulatory centers of the hypothalamus.
Indications
Injuries of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system;
Tuberculosis (torpid form in the resorption phase);
Chronic liver diseases;
Strictures of the urethra, ureters, chronic prostatitis, urethritis;
Uveitis, iridocyclitis, herpetic eye infection, corneal opacity;
Inflammation of the uterine appendages, infertility;
Adhesive disease of the abdominal cavity;
Burn disease;
Venereal diseases;
Psoriasis and other chronic skin diseases.
For pyrotherapy.
Contraindications
Acute febrile illnesses;
Chronic diseases in the stage of exacerbation and decompensation (except for diseases that are an indication for prescribing the drug);
Blood diseases;
Pregnancy.
With caution: diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, diabetes mellitus, decreased seizure threshold, seizures, febrile seizures.
Dosage
IM 1 time/day every other day; if necessary, the drug is diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride solution.
The initial single dose is 0.2 mcg, in subsequent days the dose is gradually increased by 2.5-5 mcg.
The maximum single dose is 100 mcg. The full course is 10-30 injections, if necessary, the course can be repeated after 2-3 months.
For pyrotherapy - IM 1 time/day, starting from 5-10 mcg with an increased dose up to 100-150 mcg. Injections are carried out after 1-2 days.
Rectally, 1 suppository per day, daily or every other day, initial dose – 50 mcg, maximum dose – 200 mcg. The course of treatment is 12-15 suppositories. The recommended treatment regimen is: 50, 50, 50, 100, 100, 100, 150, 150, 150, 200, 200, 200 mcg. When using suppositories as monotherapy for immunorehabilitation in case of incomplete recovery after an acute bacterial or viral disease, suppositories of 50 or 100 mcg should be used. The course of treatment is 5-10 suppositories.
Simultaneous treatment with suppositories and intramuscular injections is possible.
Side effects
Increased body temperature up to 37.5°C), chills, malaise; rarely – hyperthermia (up to 39.5°C), severe chills,
headache
Lower back pain.
special instructions
If, with intramuscular administration, hyperthermia, chills, and malaise usually occur within 3-8 hours, then the dosage that caused such a reaction is repeated in the following days (usually 1-3 days) until the reaction stops, after which the dose is successively increased.
If hyperthermia up to 39.5°C, severe chills, headache, and lower back pain occur within 6-8 hours, then it is recommended to reduce the dose of the drug. When using the drug for pyrotherapy, the above reactions are acceptable.
In the presence of convulsive readiness, the drug is prescribed against the background of anticonvulsant therapy.
Pregnancy and lactation
Contraindicated during pregnancy.
For impaired renal function
Caution: kidney disease.
The description of the drug PIROGENAL is based on officially approved instructions for use and approved by the manufacturer.
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Compound
Since there are several main forms of this drug (injection solution, rectal suppositories), the composition of the drug may vary.
One Pyrogenal suppository, depending on the dosage, may contain 50, 100, 150 or 200 mcg. active compound bacterial type lipopolysaccharide, as well as such auxiliary compounds as purified water, lanolin and cocoa butter.
In 1 ml. a solution intended for injection may contain 10, 25, 50 or 100 mg. active substance, as well as an auxiliary compound such as a phosphate buffer solution pH, which is in the range of 6.7-7.3.
Release form
Suppositories, distinguished by white or yellowish color, with a diameter of 10 mm. with a pointed end of a cylindrical shape and uniform consistency, produced in specialized packaging (contour cells) in a set of 3 pieces. dosage of 50 mg, 3 pcs. – 100 mg each, 3 pcs. - 150 mg each, as well as 3 pcs. – 200 mg. As a result, one cardboard package of Pyrogenal contains a set of candles (12 pcs.).
The solution intended for injection is packaged in special ampoules. One cardboard package of the medicine contains 10 ampoules of 1 ml each. solution in each.
pharmachologic effect
Pyrogenal is a drug with a pronounced immunomodulatory pharmacological action, is distinguished by its desensitizing, anti-inflammatory, and adjuvant properties.
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
This medicine belongs to immunomodulators, which have a wide spectrum of action. The compounds included in Pyrogenal have an effect on hypothalamus, adrenal cortex, and to the pituitary gland. In addition, the drug affects fibrinolytic, and reticuloendothelial system.
LPS level up corticosteroids in the blood, and also affects the work adrenal cortex, increases resistance and cheats thermoregulatory centers of the hypothalamus, thereby creating pyrogenic effect which can be controlled. The medicine interacts with phagocytic system thus starting the process IL-2 synthesis, and IL-1, secretion of oxygen radicals And IFNa (interferon).
Pyrogenal is involved in stimulating body's kinin system, prevents collagen synthesis by fibroblasts and accelerates ripening fibrocytes. Thanks to stimulation of hyaluronidosis, as well as a decrease in production collagen fibers This medicine increases tissue permeability, ultimately improving fibrinolytic properties of blood, and the rate of distribution of active compounds in the body increases.
The drug helps speed up the process of resorption of previously formed scars in the lesions, and also interferes with the formation process adhesions. In addition, the medicinal compound has regenerative properties and helps in restoring lost body functions to the wound.
Indications for use
Both suppositories and Pyrogenal injection solution are used in the treatment of the following diseases:
- ureteral strictures, and urethra;
- liver diseases(chronic);
- urethritis;
- prostatitis;
- abdominal diseases;
- in gynecology - venereal diseases, secondary infertility, inflammatory diseases of the uterine appendages;
- burn diseases.
Rectal suppositories are used for treatment human papillomavirus, and the drug is also used as immunorehabilitation and immunoprophylactic agent during the recovery period of patients after viral and bacterial diseases.
Pyrogenal injection solution is used in the treatment of injuries nervous system (peripheral, central), caused by injuries, and tuberculosis(sluggish form), iridocyclitis, corneal opacities, uveitis, psoriasis, eye infections and as pyrogenic agent for pyrotherapy.
Often this drug is used during autohemo provocations(i.e. procedures for transfusion of blood from a vein into the gluteal region). Moreover, Pyrogenal is used for provocation in men as often as for provocation in women.
Contraindications
Side effects
When using Pyrogenal rectal suppositories, body temperature may increase to a maximum of 37.6 C, and primary symptoms may also appear influenza (fatigue, chills, nausea, fever, arthralgia, headaches and myalgia).
When using a medicinal solution for injection, the same side effects may occur, and also lower back pain may occur and body temperature may rise to 39.5 C. It is worth noting that the above side effects of the drug are quite acceptable when used during pyrotherapy.
Pyrogenal injections, instructions for use (Method and dosage)
Intramuscular injections of Pyrogenal are given every other day, one injection per day. To prepare a medicinal solution, the drug is mixed with sodium chloride. The course of therapeutic treatment begins with a dose of 2.5 mg, and then gradually increases every day by a maximum of 5 mg. The maximum permitted single dosage of the drug does not exceed 100 mg.
As a rule, the course of treatment is limited to 10-30 injections. Injections begin to be used again after at least two months have passed since the previous course of treatment. This form of drug release is used in pyrotherapy in a dosage of 10-25 mg. with a gradual increase to 150 mgk. Usually injections are given after 1 or 2 days.
According to the instructions for Pyrogenal suppositories, use one suppository per day rectally at a dosage of 50 mcg. The maximum dosage of the drug is 200 mg. per day. Patients are recommended to use the following drug treatment regimen - suppositories are administered rectally three times a day in a dosage of 50, 100, 150 or 120 mg.
As a rule, approximately 12 Pyrogenal suppositories are consumed for one course of treatment. Suppositories are often used for immunorehabilitation, and immunoprophylactic treatment during the recovery period after acute viral and bacterial diseases in a dosage of 50 or 100 mg. Typically, the course of such treatment is limited to a maximum of 10 suppositories.
Pyrogenal suppositories and injections can be combined.
Overdose
There is no information about cases of overdose with proper use of the drug.
Interaction
Pyrogenal can be combined with medications that are used in the treatment of the above indications for the use of this drug. However, it is worth remembering that this medicine as part of complex therapy can enhance the effectiveness chemotherapeutic agents.
Terms of sale
Prescription supplies from pharmacies.
Storage conditions
In accordance with the rules 3.3.2.1248-03, Pyrogenal should be stored at a temperature not lower than +2 and not higher than +10 C, protected from light and away from children.
Best before date
2 years. It is strictly prohibited to store a previously opened ampoule with injection solution.
special instructions
Analogs
Level 4 ATX code matches:
There are currently no structural analogues of Pyrogenal.
During pregnancy and lactation
The drug is contraindicated during pregnancy, and during the period lactation.
For children
If tolerated normally, Pyrogenal can be used in the treatment of children under 5 years of age, but the drug should be prescribed in reduced doses and only under medical supervision.
Pyrogenal suppositories and solution for injection belong to the group of drugs such as immunomodulators. Its origin is biological, due to which it can have a wide range of therapeutic effects on the body. After penetration of the drug, activation of functions such as hypothalamic-pituitary, fibrinolytic and reticuloendothelial occurs.
The medication is characterized by a high anti-inflammatory and desensitizing effect, which increases the overall resistance of the body. The drug also affects the thermoregulatory centers of the hypothalamus.
The manufacturer offers two main forms of the drug, represented by rectal suppositories and a solution for injection, so the components will differ. The dosage of suppositories varies, so the concentration level of the active ingredient, represented by bacterial liposaccharide, can be 50, 100, 150 and 200 micrograms. Additional substances include water, lanolin and cocoa butter.
The shape of rectal suppositories is oblong with a pointed tip. Their diameter is about 10 millimeters, and the color is white, sometimes mixed with a yellow tint. Cylindrical candles are packaged in special packaging, represented by contour cells. Each pack can contain 12 suppositories (2 pieces of each dose).
Solutions for injection vary according to the same scheme, and the concentration of the active component can be 10, 25, 50 or micrograms per milliliter of liquid. Among the additional substances, the instructions state the presence of a phosphate buffer solution, whose acidity is in the range of 6.7-7.3.
The solution for injection is packaged in special ampoules, which are laid out in 10 pieces in contour cells and packaged in a branded box. The volume of the ampoule is 1 milliliter.
Pharmacological properties
Pyrogenal injections and suppositories have a number of therapeutic effects on the human body. The effects are presented in the following list:
- Elimination of symptoms of allergic reactions (desensitizing effect);
- Relief of internal inflammatory processes;
- Improving regenerative function;
- The regulated pyrogenic effect is manifested in an increase in body temperature by about 2 degrees, and maintaining it at such levels for three hours, which makes it possible to correctly influence the thermoregulation center in the hypothalamus;
- Thanks to the drug, the body’s overall resistance to infections increases;
- Pyrogenal helps to increase the level of concentration of corticosteroid hormones in the blood due to its ability to influence the activity of the adrenal glands by stimulating it;
- There is an improvement in the processes of exchange of useful substances in the body due to the fact that the permeability of tissues, capillary walls and the blood-brain barrier improves;
- The process of restoration of damaged nerve fibers improves;
- Chemotherapy drugs and antibiotics are better delivered to the site where the pathological process is activated;
- Normal blood circulation is restored in the affected area of tissues and internal organs;
- Existing defects on the skin are smoothed out, and new scars and adhesions do not form;
- The blood clotting function is stabilized;
- The functional abilities of internal organs are restored.
After the drug pyrogenal penetrates into the blood plasma. In the liquid, the onset of leukopenia is noted, that is, the level of leukocytes decreases, after which the stage of leukocytosis begins (a condition characterized by an increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood).
When active components penetrate the body, almost 90% of them settle on leukocytes, the rest circulates freely through the blood. The drug is eliminated through the kidneys.
Indications
Depending on the form of release of the drug, the list of indications will differ. Considering situations in which both rectal suppositories and an injection solution may be applicable, doctors note the following:
- Chronic liver pathologies;
- Constrictions in the ureter and urethra;
- Chronic inflammation of the prostate gland (prostatitis);
- Inflammatory processes in the urethra;
- Inflammation of the uterine appendages;
- Secondary infertility (when a woman tries to get pregnant after suffering ectopic embryo development, abortion, miscarriage or the birth of a second child);
- Abdominal adhesions;
- Venereal diseases;
- Diseases that develop after receiving burns.
- Human papillomavirus infections;
- The need for immunological prophylaxis or rehabilitation. If the patient often suffers from the common cold, or is dealing with long-term acute viral or infectious conditions.
Pyrogenal injections are indicated for patients who need nonspecific treatment of the following diseases:
- Tuberculosis of mild form at the resorption stage;
- Allergic diseases, for example, bronchial asthma;
- Inflammatory processes affecting the iris or ciliary body, corneal opacities, severe eye burns, ophthalmic herpesvirus, optic neuritis, keratitis and viral conjunctivitis;
- Chronic pathologies of the skin, for example, psoriasis, urticaria, neurodermatitis, diffuse streptoderma of the chronic type (pustular lesion of the epidermis);
- Sclerotic processes in the bronchi;
- Inflammatory processes in the epididymis;
- Damage to the central and peripheral nervous system resulting from trauma;
- Spinal hernias;
- Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system;
- Inflammatory processes affecting the arachnoid membrane of the head;
- The need for treatment, which involves artificially increasing a person’s body temperature;
- After receiving extensive damage to the skin, in order to prevent the formation of scars;
- In order to identify hidden infections in the human body.
Before taking the medicine, you must consult your doctor. Self-therapy is strictly prohibited.
Contraindications
There are a number of conditions in which the prescription of Pyrogenal is not carried out, they are presented:
- High probability of developing allergic reactions to the main and additional active components of the drug;
- Cardiovascular failure;
- Failure of the liver and kidneys;
- The period of bearing a child and breastfeeding;
- A history of autoimmune diseases;
- Diseases of an acute nature, when the patient has an excessively high body temperature;
- Blood pathologies;
- Stages of remission or exacerbation of chronic diseases, with the exception of those diseases that are included in the list of indications for prescribing the medicine.
Pyrogenal should be prescribed with extreme caution to patients who have an established diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, pathologies of the kidneys, blood vessels, heart, and with the likelihood of convulsive conditions.
Schemes and doses
Depending on the doctor’s recommendations and the final diagnosis. Pyrogenal is prescribed to patients in the form of suppositories for rectal administration or a solution for injections. The final dosage, duration and treatment regimen can only be selected by the leading specialist. Below, only general diagrams will be presented, according to the instructions for use.
After a thorough examination of the patient, the attending physician will be able to say exactly what minimum dose the patient needs in order to provoke an increase in body temperature. It is at this dosage that the entire treatment process begins and continues without changing it until the administered dose ceases to provoke an increase in temperature. After this effect occurs, the dosage is increased.
The instructions for use state the likelihood of developing severe and dangerous side effects, therefore, from working in production. Where it is necessary to operate complex mechanisms or concentrate attention, you should refuse, the same applies to driving cars.
No studies have been conducted to identify the negative effects of Pyrogenal on children, so the drug is practically not prescribed for therapy in patients of the younger age group. If the patient is prone to developing a convulsive state, then the drug is prescribed to him only under the guise of anticonvulsant therapy, and only in a hospital setting.
Candles
The introduction of suppositories for rectal use is carried out no more than once a day. The procedure can be prescribed either daily or at intervals of one day, which depends on the final diagnosis. The minimum dosage for the first administration is 50 micrograms, the maximum dose should not exceed 200 micrograms.
In most cases, doctors resort to using a standard therapy regimen to take suppositories. In this case, to complete the full course of therapy, the patient will need only 12 suppositories, exactly in the dosage and quantity in which they are in the package, that is, one pack.
In some cases, the regimen and dosage will differ, due to an individual approach to each clinical case.
As an immunomodulator, Pyrogenal can be used for those patients who often experience relapses of acute respiratory infections or suffer from long-term acute bacterial and viral diseases. In this case, the patient will be prescribed 50 or 100 micrograms of the drug, the duration of treatment is 5-10 suppositories.
Injections
The liquid in the form of a solution for injections is indicated for administration once a day. Injections are made into the deep muscle layers. In some cases, the doctor may recommend diluting Pyrogenal with a 0.9% sodium chloride solution. After opening the ampoule. If there is any solution left in it, it must be disposed of (it cannot be stored).
The first injection is always given at a dosage corresponding to 2.5 micrograms. Subsequently. If this is not enough to achieve the required therapeutic effect, it will be constantly increased by 2.5-5 micrograms until 100 micrograms are administered daily. The duration of therapy is 10-30 injections. If there are medical indications, the treatment is repeated, but not earlier than after 60-90 days.
If pyrotherapy is carried out, then Pyrogenal is indicated in a dosage of 5 to 10 micrograms once a day (intramuscular injections), and the dosage is also gradually increased to 100-150 micrograms. The interval between injections is 24-48 hours.
It is also not prohibited to carry out combined replacement therapy, when suppositories are administered one day, and the drug is injected into the buttock on the next day.
Side effects
Regardless of the form of the drug, there is a possibility of developing the following negative reactions.
Increase in general body temperature to 37.5 degrees. This condition often accompanies patients with a feeling of chills and malaise. The duration of the adverse reaction ranges from three to eight hours. If a side effect occurs, then the current dose is used until the patient’s condition stabilizes. Only after this the dosage is increased.
In exceptional cases, adverse reactions may manifest themselves in the form of a significant increase in body temperature up to 39.5 degrees. In this condition, the patient also experiences chills and malaise, headaches and nagging pain in the lower back. This condition can last about eight hours. After this, the body temperature stabilizes, as well as the patient’s condition. If negative reactions of this type have been identified, then the dose must be reduced.
When carrying out pyrotherapy, the occurrence of such conditions is considered normal. When an overdose occurs, adverse reactions are clearly expressed. To stabilize the patient's condition, the dose is reduced.
Interaction
The instructions for use and the manufacturer state that it is permissible to combine the drug Pyrogenal with other medications. As part of complex therapy, the drug helps improve the action and penetration of antibiotics into the lesion. It is unacceptable to mix Pyrogenal in the same syringe with other medications.
special instructions
In situations where the administered dose provokes redness of the skin, chills or malaise, which lasts for the first eight hours, then an identical administration of this volume of the drug continues for the first three days of therapy. When the patient's condition returns to normal, the dose is increased.
In pediatrics, the drug is taken in exceptional cases. Dosage reduction is based on the child's age. At the first stage, they begin to administer from 5 to 15 IU of the drug, and if necessary, then the dose is gradually increased, while daily administration of more than 200 IU of the drug is unacceptable. The duration of therapy is from 10 to 15 injections.
Price and analogues
The cost of the drug Pyrogenal in the form of a solution for intramuscular administration is in the range of 580-680 rubles, depending on the dosage. The price of rectal suppositories is 875-945 rubles.
At the moment, no identical substitutes for the active component have been created. Structural and pharmacological analogues are Prodiogisan and Transfer Factor; it is the latter drug that is considered the best and safest.
Latin name: Pyrogenalum
ATX code: L03AX
Active substance: bacterial lipolysaccharide
Manufacturer: NIIEM im. N.F. Gamaleyi RAMS; Russia
Conditions for dispensing from a pharmacy: Over the counter
The drug pyrogenal is an immunomodulator, the active substance of which is bacterial lipolysaccharide. The main effect is an increase in body temperature by 1-2° C, lasting 3-4 hours after application.
During the period of action of the drug, there is a decrease in the level of leukocytes, followed by a sharp increase in their level within one day (leukopenia and leukocytosis). Improving tissue metabolism, which contributes to more efficient absorption of the drug and penetration to the lesion. To understand all the properties, you must read the instructions.
Indications for use
The drug has 2 release forms. The first form is rectal suppositories, the use of which helps to get rid of a number of problems, but most often they are prescribed as immunoprophylaxis. The second form is produced in ampoules with a solution for intramuscular injection. The main indications for the use of both forms are:
- Sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, gonorrhea, genital herpes, etc.)
- Chronic liver diseases
- For burns and viral eye injuries
- Secondary infertility
- Restoration of the PNS and CNS
- Chronic urethritis
Indications for the use of rectal suppositories are:
- Immunoprophylaxis
- Rehabilitation after infectious diseases
The use of an injection ampoule is prescribed in the following cases:
- Infectious diseases
- Skin disorders (scars, adhesions)
- Vascular diseases
- Recovery after injury
- Inflammation of the auditory and optic nerves
- Treatment of chronic prostatitis
- Chronic skin diseases
- As a pyrogenic drug for pyrotherapy
- Chronic diffuse streptoderma
To use the drug, it is better to first consult a doctor. Self-use may worsen the condition.
Compound
Pyrogenal candles are cone-shaped and yellowish in color. Varying degrees of concentration of the active substance, bacterial lipolysaccharide, are used: 50, 100, 150, 200 mcg. Water, lanolin, and cocoa butter are used as additional active compounds.
Pyrogenal injections have a colorless, transparent appearance. Varying degrees of concentration of the active substance, bacterial lipolysaccharide, are used: 10, 25, 50, 100 mcg. Includes an additional element, phosphate solution (pH= 6.7-7.3).
Medicinal properties
Pyrogenal has a number of restorative properties. Improves the functioning of the central nervous system and autonomic nervous system, strengthens the body's defenses and triggers its compensatory capabilities.
Treatment with pyrogenal shows good interaction with other drugs. To obtain the maximum effect, it is necessary to correctly construct a treatment regimen.
Your doctor will help you advise and choose the correct dosage.
One of the most common methods of use is the fight against alcohol. When trying to stop drinking alcohol, Pyrogenal is prescribed, using its pyrogenic properties it is able to stop binge drinking and hangovers at the initial stage of treatment, by artificially increasing the temperature.
During a fever, a person completely loses the desire to drink alcohol.
Used for 5 days, following a special regimen with a gradual increase in dosage.
Another popular method of use is pyrotherapy.
Pyrotherapy is the treatment of increasing body temperature by introducing pyrogenic substances into the body. The use of pyrotherapy is accompanied by the following positive effects:
- Improved blood circulation
- Improved metabolism
- Normalization of the central nervous system and vegetative nervous system
- Improving the body's immunobiological response.
Release forms
The cost of Pyrogenal in ampoules ranges from 300 to 500 rubles.
The drug has two main forms of production:
- Rectal suppositories - available in one package of 5 or 10 pieces with a diameter of up to 1 cm of one concentration. There are also types of release of 5 pieces of different concentrations, and a set of 12 pieces of different concentrations.
- Ampoules with a solution for intramuscular administration are sold in packages consisting of 10 ampoules of one concentration. Each ampoule contains 1 ml.
Reviews
There has been quite a contradictory opinion about pyrogenal. Doctors are satisfied with the drug and recommend it in most cases.
The cost of candles ranges from 400 to 900 rubles.
People who were treated with pyrogenal left negative reviews about the drug. The reason for these reviews was the common side effects that caused severe fatigue and fever.
Most reviews are written like this: “I gave my husband pyrogenal suppositories, after which he had a very high fever and a headache. I don't recommend it." To avoid such situations, you must carefully read the instructions.
Mode of application
The injection solution is administered intramuscularly or intravenously. For every person. The treatment regimen is tailored to each person individually, depending on:
- Patient's condition
- Age
- Drug susceptibility
- Disease
Injections are administered daily, once a day. The dose of the drug is set in a certain way. To begin with, you need to administer 25-50 mcg and wait until the body temperature begins to rise to 37.6-38 ° C. As soon as the temperature stops rising, the dose of the medicine is increased by 25-50 mcg. After use, the ampoule should be thrown away.
The maximum value of a single use of pyrogenal for adults is 1000 mcg. The maximum dose for children decreases significantly depending on age, starting from 5-15 MCG, increasing as necessary to a limit of 250-500 MCG.
The course of treatment consists of 10-30 injections. If recommended by a doctor, you will need to take the course again. Treatment again is possible only after a break of 2-3 months.
Suppositories – In this form, the drug is administered rectally. The initial dose is 50 mcg and, in the absence of a strict prescription, gradually increases to 200 mcg
If pyrogenal suppositories are used as immunoprophylaxis or immunorehabilitation, then 50-100 mcg will be sufficient.
Suppositories can be placed both during the day and at night. However, doctors recommend installing it better at night, when the body remains motionless for as long as possible.
During pregnancy and breastfeeding
Pregnancy and breastfeeding are contraindications to the use of the drug. Breastfeeding must be stopped during drug treatment.
Contraindications
When treating with pyrogenal, it is important to familiarize yourself with the list of contraindications. The use of the drug is prohibited when:
- Pregnancy and lactation
- Diabetes mellitus
- Chronic heart failure
- Febrile illnesses
- Negative reaction to the components of the drug
- Blood diseases
This drug is prescribed to children and the elderly with caution.
Cross-drug interactions
In terms of compatibility with other medications, pyrogenal is an excellent remedy. It interacts well with medications that are used to restore and treat problems and diseases listed in the list of indications.
Side effects
Treatment with suppositories can cause the following side effects:
- Temperature rises to 37.5° C.
- Drowsiness, muscle fatigue, headache, vomiting, dizziness.
When using an ampoule with the drug, side effects may occur:
- Quite often they occur in the form of fever, headache, chills, nausea, and fatigue. On average, such effects can subside within 4-9 hours.
- Severe chills, headache, and fever up to 39.5° C are much less common. This condition will end in approximately 8 hours
Overdose
Overdose is characterized by increased side effects. In such a situation, you should immediately stop taking the drug and go to the hospital.
Conditions and shelf life
According to the instructions, it must be stored out of the reach of children and hidden from sunlight at a temperature within 2-10 ° C.
The shelf life of the drug is 2 years.
Analogs
An analogue of the drug in terms of pharmacological action is Prodigiosanum.
Available in the form of a solution for injection intramuscularly 0.005% and 0.01% containing sodium chloride. The drug promotes regenerative processes, activates the body's protective reserves and normalizes the tone of blood vessels at the site of inflammation.
Pros: improves immunity, accelerates recovery after surgery, relieves inflammation and swelling.
Minuses: Quite often side effects similar to pyrogenal appear. It is almost impossible to get the drug.
Registration for it in Russia was canceled in 1977.
Packed in a contour cell set of 12 pcs. (3 sup. 50 mcg, 3 sup. 100 mcg, 3 sup. 150 mcg, 3 sup. 200 mcg); in a cardboard pack 1 package.
in ampoules of 1 ml (complete with an ampoule knife) in a cardboard box 10 ampoules.
Description of the dosage form
Suppositories are yellowish-white in color, uniform in consistency, cylindrical in shape with a pointed end, with a diameter of no more than 10 mm.
Characteristic
Pyrogenal is a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from cells Salmonella typhi.
pharmachologic effect
pharmachologic effect- immunomodulatory.Pharmacodynamics
Broad-spectrum immunomodulator. The main mechanism of immunomodulatory action is the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex system, as well as the reticuloendothelial and fibrinolytic systems. By influencing the function of the adrenal cortex, it increases the concentration of corticosteroids in the blood.
Pyrogenal has adjuvant, desensitizing and anti-inflammatory effects, increases general and specific resistance of the body, affects the thermoregulatory centers of the hypothalamus, and creates a controlled pyrogenic effect.
Acting on the cells of the phagocytic system, it activates phagocytosis, the secretion of oxygen radicals, the synthesis of IL-1, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF α), interferon (IFN α), and stimulates the kinin system.
Prevents collagen synthesis by fibroblasts, accelerates the process of fibrocyte maturation. Stimulation of hyaluronidase activity and suppression of the formation of collagen fibers in fibroblasts increases tissue permeability, improves the fibrinolytic properties of blood and accelerates the penetration of drugs into the lesion. Promotes the resorption of foci of inflammation, restores blood circulation, inhibits the formation of new ones and smoothes out previously formed dense scars in places of damage. Prevents the formation and accelerates the resorption of formed adhesions. It has a regenerating effect and helps restore lost organ functions.
Pharmacokinetics
When pyrogenal is introduced into the body, up to 85-90% is fixed on the surface of circulating blood leukocytes, about 10% remains in the circulating plasma and about 5% is adsorbed on the membranes of erythrocytes.
Excreted from the body with urine.
Indications for the drug Pyrogenal
Common to both dosage forms
Nonspecific therapy of diseases such as:
chronic liver diseases;
strictures of the urethra and ureters;
chronic prostatitis and urethritis;
inflammatory processes of the uterine appendages;
secondary infertility;
adhesive disease of the abdominal cavity;
burn disease;
venereal diseases.
Suppositories
papillomavirus infection;
immunoprophylaxis and immunorehabilitation in case of incomplete recovery after acute bacterial and viral diseases.
Injection
Nonspecific therapy of diseases and conditions such as:
traumatic injuries of the central and peripheral nervous system;
sluggish form of tuberculosis in the resorption phase;
iridocyclitis;
herpes virus infection of the eyes;
corneal clouding;
chronic skin diseases, incl. psoriasis;
the need for pyrotherapy (as a pyrogenic drug).
Contraindications
hypersensitivity;
heart failure;
liver and/or kidney failure;
autoimmune diseases (history);
pregnancy;
lactation.
Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Contraindicated during pregnancy. Breastfeeding should be stopped during treatment.
Side effects
Suppositories
An increase in temperature to 37-37.6 °C, in rare cases - a flu-like syndrome (fever, headache, fatigue, myalgia, chills, arthralgia, anorexia, nausea).
Injection
Hyperthermia up to 37.5 °C, accompanied by mild chills and mild malaise. This condition can last from 3 to 8 hours. In this case, the dose that caused such a reaction is repeated in the following days until the reaction to its administration stops (usually 1-3 injections), after which the dose is successively increased.
In rare cases, individuals may experience severe chills, fever up to 39.5 °C, headache, and lower back pain. These reactions usually last from 6 to 8 hours, after which the temperature decreases and side effects disappear. In these cases, it is recommended to reduce the dose of the drug.
When using the drug for pyrotherapy, the above reactions are acceptable.
Interaction
The drug is compatible and goes well with all drugs used in the treatment of diseases and conditions indicated in the indications. Enhances the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs as part of complex therapy.
Directions for use and doses
Rectally. Single dose - 1 sup. per day. Suppositories are administered daily or every other day, depending on the doctor’s prescription.
The initial single dose is 50 mcg. The maximum single dose is 200 mcg.
When using suppositories as monotherapy for immunoprophylaxis and immunorehabilitation in case of incomplete recovery after an acute bacterial and viral disease, it is recommended to use suppositories of 50 or 100 mcg. The course of treatment is from 5 to 10 suppositories.
V/m, 1 time per day. Injections are given every other day. If necessary, dilute with 0.9% sodium chloride solution for injection. The drug cannot be stored in an opened ampoule.
The initial single dose is 2.5 mcg. In subsequent days, the dose is gradually increased by 2.5-5 mcg. The maximum single dose is 100 mcg. Full course - from 10 to 30 injections.
If necessary, courses of injections are repeated at least after 2-3 months.
When prescribing pyrogenal for pyrotherapy, the drug is administered intramuscularly 1 time per day, starting from 10-25 mcg, with a gradual increase in dose to 100-150 mcg. Injections are made after 1 or 2 days as prescribed by the doctor.
If prescribed by a doctor, the combined use of intramuscular injections with the administration of suppositories is also possible.
special instructions
Injection. In the presence of convulsive readiness or a history of febrile convulsions, the drug is either not prescribed, or is prescribed under the guise of anticonvulsant therapy.
Storage conditions for the drug Pyrogenal
In a place protected from light, at a temperature of 2-8 °C.Keep out of the reach of children.
Shelf life of the drug Pyrogenal
2 years.Do not use after the expiration date stated on the package.
Instructions for medical use
Synonyms of nosological groups
| Category ICD-10 | Synonyms of diseases according to ICD-10 |
|---|---|
| A64 Sexually transmitted diseases, unspecified | Sexually transmitted infections |
| Sexually transmitted infections | |
| Infectious lesions of the male genital tract | |
| B00.5 Herpetic eye disease | Herpetic keratitis |
| Herpetic conjunctivitis | |
| Herpetic uveitis | |
| Herpetic keratitis | |
| Herpetic conjunctivitis | |
| Herpetic stromal keratitis without corneal ulceration | |
| Herpetic stromal keratitis with corneal ulceration | |
| Ocular form of Herpes zoster | |
| Deep forms of ophthalmoherpes | |
| Herpetic conjunctivitis | |
| Ophthalmoherpes | |
| Superficial herpetic keratitis | |
| H17 Scars and corneal opacities | Corneal opacity |
| Corneal scars | |
| H19.1 Herpes simplex virus keratitis and keratoconjunctivitis (B00.5+) | Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis |
| Herpetic conjunctivitis | |
| Ophthalmoherpes | |
| Recurrent ophthalmoherpes | |
| H20 Iridocyclitis | Sluggish posterior uveitis |
| Indolent posterior uveitis | |
| Posterior uveitis | |
| Iridocyclitis of the posterior segment of the eye | |
| Iridocyclitis and other uveitis | |
| Iritis | |
| Keratoiridocyclitis | |
| Acute iridocyclitis | |
| Acute iritis | |
| Acute non-infectious uveitis | |
| Recurrent iritis | |
| Sympathetic iridocyclitis | |
| Uveitis | |
| Cyclit | |
| K76.9 Liver disease, unspecified | Restoration of impaired liver functions |
| Severe liver dysfunction | |
| Hepatitis | |
| Hepatitis | |
| Hepatosis | |
| Hepatopathy | |
| Liver dysfunction | |
| Liver diseases | |
| Changes in liver function in heart failure | |
| Liver dysfunction | |
| Liver dysfunction | |
| Liver dysfunction of inflammatory etiology | |
| Functional liver failure | |
| Functional liver disorders | |
| Chronic liver diseases | |
| Chronic diffuse liver damage | |
| Enterogenous diseases of the gallbladder and liver | |
| L40 Psoriasis | Generalized form of psoriasis |
| Generalized psoriasis | |
| Hyperkeratosis in psoriasis | |
| Dermatosis psoriasiform | |
| Isolated psoriatic plaque | |
| Disabling psoriasis | |
| Inverse psoriasis | |
| Koebner phenomenon | |
| Common psoriasis | |
| Psoriasis of the scalp | |
| Psoriasis of the scalp | |
| Psoriasis complicated by erythroderma | |
| Genital psoriasis | |
| Psoriasis affecting the scalp of the skin | |
| Psoriasis with eczematization | |
| Eczema-like psoriasis | |
| Psoriasiform dermatitis | |
| Psoriatic erythroderma | |
| Refractory psoriasis | |
| Chronic psoriasis | |
| Chronic psoriasis of the scalp | |
| Chronic psoriasis with diffuse plaques | |
| Squamosal lichen | |
| Exfoliative psoriasis | |
| Erythrodermic psoriasis | |
| L98.9 Lesions of skin and subcutaneous tissue, unspecified | Adiponecrosis |
| Atonic skin | |
| Skin diseases | |
| Blister | |
| Inflammatory soft tissue disease | |
| Inflammatory processes of epithelial tissues | |
| Degenerative changes in the skin and mucous membranes | |
| Degenerative changes in the skin and mucous membranes | |
| Excessive granulation | |
| Thinning skin | |
| Skin disease | |
| Skin diseases | |
| Lipedema | |
| Skin maceration | |
| Minor skin lesions | |
| Local non-infectious processes of the skin and soft tissues | |
| Violation of skin structure | |
| Skin dysfunction | |
| Skin disorders | |
| Superficial crack and abrasion of the skin | |
| Increased peeling of the skin | |
| Skin lesions | |
| Skin erosion | |
| N13.5 Kink and stricture of the ureter without hydronephrosis | Ureteral strictures |
| N34.1 Nonspecific urethritis | Non-gonococcal urethritis |
| Nongonococcal urethritis (nonspecific) | |
| Chronic urethritis | |
| Chronic urethroprostatitis | |
| N35.9 Urethral stricture, unspecified | Spasm of smooth muscles in diseases of the urinary system |
| N41.1 Chronic prostatitis | Exacerbation of chronic prostatitis |
| Recurrent prostatitis | |
| Chlamydial prostatitis | |
| Chronic abacterial prostatitis | |
| Chronic bacterial prostatitis | |
| Chronic abacterial prostatitis | |
| Chronic bacterial prostatitis | |
| N46 Male infertility | Azoospermia |
| Asthenospermia | |
| Infertility | |
| Male infertility | |
| The marriage is barren | |
| Dispermia | |
| Spermatogenesis disorder | |
| Spermatogenesis disorders | |
| Oligoasthenozoospermia stage III-IV | |
| Oligoasthenospermia | |
| Oligozoospermia | |
| Oligospermia | |
| Testicular function disorders | |
| Spermatogenesis disorders | |
| Suppression of spermatogenesis | |
| Young's syndrome | |
| N70 Salpingitis and oophoritis | Adnexit |
| Inflammation of the ovaries | |
| Inflammatory diseases of the female genitalia | |
| Inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs | |
| Genital infection | |
| Oophoritis | |
| Acute adnexitis | |
| Salpingitis | |
| Salpingo-oophoritis | |
| Chronic inflammatory diseases of the ovaries | |
| N97 Female infertility | Anovulatory infertility |
| Female infertility | |
| Infertility due to hyperprolactinemia | |
| Infertility of ovarian origin | |
| Infertility caused by hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction | |
| The marriage is barren | |
| Hyperprolactinemic infertility | |
| Hyperprolactinemia with infertility | |
| Female infertility due to anovulation | |
| Stimulation of growth of one follicle | |
| Functional infertility | |
| Endocrine infertility | |
| S06 Intracranial injury | Brain injury |
| Brain injuries | |
| Traumatic brain damage | |
| Consequences of a TBI | |
| Consequence of traumatic brain injury | |
| Consequence of TBI | |
| Condition after traumatic brain injury | |
| Concussion | |
| Traumatic brain injury | |
| Traumatic cerebrovascular disease | |
| Traumatic brain injury | |
| Traumatic brain lesions | |
| Brain injuries | |
| Skull injuries | |
| Brain contusion | |
| Traumatic Trauma | |
| Traumatic brain injury | |
| Traumatic brain injury with predominantly brain stem level of damage | |
| TBI | |
| T14 Injury of unspecified location | Pain syndrome during injuries and after surgery |
| Extensive skin and soft tissue trauma | |
| Acute sports injuries | |
| Injuries | |
| Injuries | |
| Bruises of muscles and ligaments | |
| Fibroids are traumatic | |
| T30 Thermal and chemical burns of unspecified location | Pain syndrome from burns |
| Pain from burns | |
| Pain from burns | |
| Slow healing post-burn wounds | |
| Deep burns with wet eschar | |
| Deep burns with profuse separation | |
| Deep burn | |
| Laser burn | |
| Burn | |
| Burn of the rectum and perineum | |
| Burn with slight exudation | |
| Burn disease | |
| Burn injury | |
| Superficial burn | |
| Superficial burn of 1st and 2nd degree | |
| Superficial skin burns | |
| Post-burn trophic ulcer and wound | |
| Post-burn complication | |
| Fluid loss from burns | |
| Burn sepsis | |
| Thermal burns | |
| Thermal skin lesions | |
| Thermal burn | |
| Trophic post-burn ulcers | |
| Chemical burn | |
| Surgical burn |
INN: Bacterial lipopolysaccharide isolated from Salmonella cells
Manufacturer: FSBI "NIIEM named after N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of Russia _x000D_ (Branch "Medgamal" of the FSBI "NIIEM named after N.F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of Russia)
Anatomical-therapeutic-chemical classification: Other immunostimulants
Registration number in the Republic of Kazakhstan: No. RK-LS-5No. 010347
Registration period: 11.11.2013 - 11.11.2018
Instructions
- Russian
Tradename
Pyrogenal
International nonproprietary name
Dosage form
Solution for intramuscular administration 10, 25, 50, 100 mcg/ml
Compound
1 ml of solution contains
activesubstance - bacterial lipopolysaccharide 10 mcg, 25 mcg,
50 mcg, 100 mcg,
Excipients: sodium hydrogen phosphate, dodecahydrate (sodium
disubstituted phosphate 12-aqueous), sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (sodium phosphate disubstituted 2-aqueous), sodium chloride, purified water.
Description
Colorless transparent liquid.
Pharmacotherapeutic group
Immunomodulators. Immunostimulants. Other immunostimulants.
ATX code L03AX
Pharmacological properties
The drug Pyrogenal is a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Salmonella typhi Ty2 cells by enzymatic hydrolysis followed by hot phenol extraction, alcohol precipitation, drying of the precipitate in a vacuum desiccator and dissolution in a phosphate-buffered saline solution. The drug does not contain preservatives.
The main pharmacological action is a drug intended for nonspecific therapy. Pyrogenal is a highly active nonspecific immunomodulator with a wide spectrum of action.
The drug has adjuvant, desensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties, increases the general and specific resistance of the body.
Pharmacokinetics
Pyrogenal is metabolized in the liver to form pharmacologically active metabolites (pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxaminophosphate). Distribution is predominantly in muscles, liver and central nervous system. Penetrates through the placenta and into mother's milk. Excreted by the kidneys (with intravenous administration with bile - 2%).
Pharmacodynamics
When pyrogenal is introduced into the body, 85-90% of bacterial lipopolysaccharide is fixed on the surface of circulating blood leukocytes, about 10% remains in the circulating plasma, and about 5% is absorbed on the membranes of erythrocytes.
When introduced into the body, pyrogenal causes a whole complex of complex immunological and physiological reactions in the body. By connecting with Toll receptors located on the membranes of cells of the macrophage-monocyte system, pyrogenal triggers a cascade of anti-inflammatory reactions in the body: it stimulates the activation of biochemical processes leading to the activation of NF-kB transcription factors, causing the expression of genes responsible for the production of cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides , interferons and other factors providing antiviral, antiprotozoal and antibacterial immune responses. Pyrogenal accelerates the proliferation of cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), activates the functions of cells of the phagocytic system, accelerates the process of formation of antibodies, interferon, activates the enzyme and hormonal systems, increases the general and specific resistance of the body.
After administration of the drug, in the latent period of the disease (45-90 minutes), leukopenia develops, which is replaced by leukocytosis, which lasts for 24-48 hours.
Leukocytosis, as well as increased phagocytic activity of leukocytes themselves, does not depend on an increase in body temperature. These changes are caused by the direct effect of pyrogenal on macrophages, which, under its influence, change their surface potential.
The targets for pyrogenal are the system of phagocytic cells: monocytes (Mo), macrophages (Mph), neutrophils (Nf). Pyrogenal stimulates the production of reactive oxygen radicals, which are antimicrobial protection factors.
The immunomodulatory and pyrogenic properties of pyrogenal are associated with its ability to stimulate the production of interleukin-1 (IL 1), which has high activity against pathogens.
Depending on individual sensitivity and dose, body temperature may increase to 37.5-38ºС. When a drug is prescribed for pyrotherapy, the temperature rises to 39.5-40ºC. The temperature reaction usually lasts from 6 to 8 hours.
IL 1 causes activation of phagocytosis, an increase in body temperature (pyrogenic effect), proliferation of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, hematopoietic cells and others, production of IL 2, which is necessary to maintain the growth of lymphocytes (primarily T cells). Thus, due to the activation of macrophage-monocyte lineage cells and the cytokines they secrete, the functional activity of both the cellular and humoral immune response increases.
In connective tissue, under the influence of pyrogenal, the process of development of fibroblasts and the formation of collagen fibers is suppressed, which leads to rejuvenation of the cellular composition of loose connective tissue and resorption of keloid scars, and in nervous tissue to inhibition of the formation of glial scars.
Pyrogenal stimulates the activity of hyaluronidase, thereby inhibiting the formation of collagen fibers from fibroblasts. Under the influence of liposomal enzymes, the fibrinolytic and kinin blood systems are activated, resulting in increased vascular permeability, improved blood supply and tissue regeneration.
The increase in vascular and tissue permeability that occurs with the introduction of pyrogenal facilitates the penetration of chemotherapeutic drugs into the site of damage, which determines its use in combination with specific agents.
The pronounced anti-inflammatory effect of pyrogenal is associated with activation of the function of the adrenal cortex and the release of corticosteroids, the concentration of which depends on the stimulating effect of pyrogenal on the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland.
The peculiarity of the action of pyrogenal is the lack of specificity, so it can be used in various diseases to accelerate recovery processes, when inflammatory infiltrates and adhesions are a source of functional disorders and pain.
Indications for use
A nonspecific agent for the treatment of various diseases in surgical, neurosurgical, urological, gynecological, dermatovenerological, therapeutic, psychiatric practice, ophthalmology, narcology, etc.
In surgical practice: adhesive disease, post-burn keloid scars and contractures, trauma, vascular diseases, prevention of vascular obliteration, prevention of the formation of post-operative and post-traumatic scars of connective tissue
Traumatic injuries of the central and peripheral nervous system, spina bifida, cerebral arachnoiditis,
Torpid current forms of tuberculosis in the resorption phase,
Chronic liver diseases,
Strictures of the urethra and ureters,
Chronic prostatitis and urethritis,
Severe eye burns, uveitis, iridocyclitis, herpes viral eye infection, corneal opacities, optic and auditory neuralgia, viral keratitis and conjunctivitis,
Inflammatory processes of the uterine appendages, infertility,
Adhesive disease of the abdominal cavity,
Venereal diseases,
Psoriasis and other chronic skin diseases,
Increased resistance of microorganisms to chemical and antibiotic therapy,
Pyrotherapy (narcology, psychiatry, dermatovenerology).
Directions for use and doses
Pyrogenal is used intramuscularly once a day, regardless of the time of day. Injections are given every other day. Doses must be selected individually. Set a dose that causes an increase in body temperature to 37.5-38.0 °C and administer it until the temperature stops rising, after which the dose is gradually increased by 2.5-5.0 mcg. To obtain the required dose, the drug is diluted with a sterile 0.9% sodium chloride solution for injection. The drug cannot be stored in an opened ampoule.
The initial single and daily dose for adults is 2.5 mcg. In subsequent days of injection, the dose is gradually increased by 2.5-5.0 mcg. The maximum single and daily dose is 100 mcg. The course of treatment is from 10 to 30 injections depending on the disease.
If the next injection is missed, the course of treatment is continued according to the scheme without doubling the dose.
If necessary, courses of injections are repeated after 2-3 months.
When prescribing pyrogenal for the purpose of pyrotherapy, the drug is administered intramuscularly once a day, starting with 5-10 mcg, with a gradual increase in the dose to 100-150 mcg. Injections are carried out after one or two days as prescribed by the doctor.
Example: To obtain a dose of 2.5 mcg or 5.0 mcg
To an ampoule containing 10 mcg per 1 ml, add 1 ml of sterile 0.9% sodium chloride solution with a syringe, mix carefully. You will get 2.0 ml of a solution with a concentration of 5 μg/ml, 0.5 ml of the resulting solution will contain a dose of 2.5 μg, 1 ml of the resulting solution will contain a dose of 5 μg, 1.5 ml - a dose of 7.5 μg.
The indicated volumes will be a single dose.
Reaction to introduction:
When the drug is administered, usually no reactions occur. In some patients, the temperature may rise to 37.5 degrees. C, accompanied by mild chills and mild malaise. This condition can last from 3 to 8 hours. Treatment with antipyretics is not required in this case. The dose that caused such a reaction is repeated in the following days until the reaction to its administration ceases (usually 1-3 injections), after which the dose is successively increased.
In rare cases, individuals may experience severe chills, fever up to 39.5 degrees C, headache, and lower back pain. These reactions usually last from 6 to 8 hours, after which the temperature drops and the side effects disappear. In these cases, it is possible to use antipyretics (paracetamol). It is not recommended to use antipyretics with nonspecific anti-inflammatory effects (diclofenac, ibuprofen), as they reduce the effectiveness of pyrogenal.
When using the drug for pyrotherapy, the above reactions are acceptable.
Side effects
Temperature rise to 37-37.6 °C
Rarely:
Flu-like syndrome (fever, headache, fatigue, myalgia, chills, arthralgia, anorexia, nausea).
Contraindications
hypersensitivity to the drug or its components
acute febrile diseases accompanied by a sharp rise in body temperature
cerebral hemorrhage
pulmonary edema
liver and/or kidney failure
acute viral hepatitis
blood diseases, autoimmune diseases (history)
chronic infectious diseases in the acute stage
pregnancy and lactation
Drug interactions
The drug is compatible and goes well with all medications used in the treatment of these diseases. Enhances the effectiveness of specific chemotherapeutic drugs in complex therapy.
special instructions
People suffering from chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidneys and diabetes, as well as people over 60 years of age, for any disease, pyrogenal should be prescribed with caution, under the supervision of a doctor: start with a dose of 1.5-2.0 mcg and increase only when good portability.
In the presence of convulsive readiness or a history of febrile seizures, the drug is not prescribed, or is prescribed under the guise of anticonvulsant therapy.
Use in pediatrics
There are no clinical data on the use of pyrogenal intramuscularly in children.
The danger of the drug influencing the ability to drive a vehicle or potentially dangerous machinery.
Considering the side effects, during the treatment period you should refrain from engaging in hazardous activities that require increased concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions (driving vehicles and machinery).
