Video

Oxytocin is intended to increase excitability and enhance the contractile properties of the uterine muscles. Naturally, it is taken to stimulate labor. In cases where one’s own “strength” is not enough. Increased muscle contraction occurs due to oxytocin increasing the permeability of the myometrial cell membrane to potassium ions. Thus, its potential decreases and excitability increases.

ATX code

H01BB02 Oxytocin

Active ingredients

Oxytocin

Pharmacological group

Hormones of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, gonadotropins and their antagonists

Uterotonics

pharmachologic effect

Uterotonic drugs

Indications for use Oxytocin

Indications for use Oxytocin – weakening of labor. Typically, the product is used during a caesarean section, during the operation itself. In addition, the main indications for its use are hypotension or atony of the uterus after childbirth.

The medication is also used for abortions, if it is necessary to perform it for a sufficiently long period. This will cause premature labor. For hypotonic uterine bleeding in the postpartum period, the drug is actively used. The reason for taking it may be stagnation of milk in the early postpartum period, as well as too painful premenstrual syndrome. Which is characterized by severe swelling. The product is also used for weight gain. In general, the spectrum of action of the drug is very wide. It is used exclusively by women and only on the recommendations of a doctor. Oxytocin is mainly used to enhance labor during early discharge of amniotic fluid and stimulate the uterus.

Release form

The release form is ampoules, the product is administered by injection. This medication is a synthetic hormonal medication. It is an analogue of the polypeptide hormone of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

You can buy it in different dosages. So, it is produced in the form of an injection solution in 1 ml ampoules. It contains 5 units of oxytocin. One package can contain 5, 10 and 50 ampoules.

There is also a slightly different dosage. One ampoule may contain 2 ml of active substance. In this form, the package contains 5 ampoules. There are no other variations of “packaging”. The medicine is not made in the form of tablets. It must have a quick effect, and this can only be done by intravenous administration of the drug. That is why Oxytocin is available in the form of an injection solution. The required dosage of the medication is prescribed by the doctor; based on the situation, it is recommended to administer one or another amount. Therefore, a specialist also decides in which variation to buy the product.

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics Oxytocin is a hormone of the posterior pituitary gland. It is designed to have a stimulating effect on the smooth muscles of the uterus. This results in an increase in contractile activity and, to a lesser extent, myometrial tone. This is very important for weak labor.

In small doses, the drug can increase the frequency and amplitude of uterine contractions. In increased dosage, the drug, when administered again, helps to increase the tone of the uterus. In addition, its contractions become more frequent and intensified, even tetanic.

In addition, there is an increase in the secretion of prolactin, as well as a reduction in the myoepithelial cells surrounding the alveoli of the mammary gland. Thereby promoting increased milk production. The drug has weak vasopressin-like antidiuretic properties. That is why the product has a wide spectrum of action and is used everywhere. Oxytocin is a medication that is widely used in obstetric practice.

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics of Oxytocin after administration T1/2 from plasma ranges from one to several minutes. Metabolism occurs in the liver. During pregnancy, a specific enzyme oxytocinase appears in the plasma, inactivating endogenous and exogenous oxytocin. In addition to plasma, it is also found in target organs.

It is worth noting the fact that a small amount of it is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. This medication is widely used in obstetrics. It stimulates uterine contractions and maintains its tone. This is especially important when labor is weak. A small amount of medication can help facilitate this process. In some cases, the drug is used for late-term abortion. This causes premature birth.

This medicine is really in demand. After all, it is not possible to give birth to a child on your own in all cases. Oxytocin produces stimulation and thereby helps in this matter.

Use of Oxytocin during pregnancy

The use of Oxytocin during pregnancy is acceptable, but only when necessary. Basically, this remedy is widely used to stimulate labor. In some cases, the tone of the uterus and the frequency of its contractions are not enough to independently begin the labor process. That is why this hormone is injected into the woman. It is also widely used during caesarean section.

In other cases, a pregnant girl should not take the product. It should be noted once again that the main activity of the medication is aimed at enhancing the birth process. Therefore, taking the drug unnecessarily can lead to the onset of premature birth. Usually this phenomenon is achieved when performing an abortion at a long term. This product should only be used under the guidance of a specialist. Self-use is prohibited; this can lead to the development of serious complications. Oxytocin is used exclusively in obstetric practice.

Contraindications

Contraindications to the use of Oxytocin are primarily increased hypersensitivity to certain components of the medication. In this case, serious complications may develop. Including severe allergic reactions. For a girl in this position, this is extremely unacceptable.

People who have a narrow pelvis should not take the product. In this case, independent labor is prohibited. A woman simply cannot give birth to a child, so it is necessary to resort to a caesarean section.

If the size of the fetal head does not correspond to the size of the pelvis, it is prohibited to use the product. A similar prohibition applies to cases where the child has taken an incorrect position in the womb. This means a transverse or oblique arrangement. If placenta previa is complete and there is a risk of uterine rupture, the product cannot be used; this can lead to the development of serious complications. That is why Oxytocin should be taken exclusively according to the recommendations of the attending physician.

Side effects of Oxytocin

Oxytocin may cause side effects. Basically everything manifests itself in the form of nausea, vomiting and arrhythmia. The latter phenomenon can also develop in the fetus. It is possible that the heart rate may slow down in both the mother and the child.

Blood pressure may rise significantly and subarachnoid bleeding may begin. Against this background, hypotension and shock cannot be ruled out. Water retention in the body is possible, even to the point of poisoning. Typically, this phenomenon occurs when the medication is administered too frequently and for a long time. This can happen against the background of an allergic reaction, which is caused by intolerance to some components of the medication.

Sharp contractions may occur with further development of intrauterine hypoxia. All these phenomena are fraught with serious consequences. Moreover, this applies not only to the mother’s body, but also to the child. That is why any intervention must be carried out under the supervision of a doctor. An increased dose or failure to ignore some important points can lead to serious complications. Oxytocin in high doses can cause harm.

Directions for use and doses

The method of administration and dose should be prescribed by the attending physician. The drug is administered intravenously and intramuscularly into the wall or vaginal part of the cervix. Injection into the nose is possible.

For intravenous drip administration, 1 ml of the product is sufficient. Moreover, it is administered not in pure form, but diluted. The drug is diluted in 500 ml of 5% glucose solution.

To stimulate labor, the drug is administered intramuscularly, 1 unit at an interval of 30–60 minutes. In this case, much depends on the reaction of the uterus. It is advisable to administer the medication intravenously by drip method, 1–5 units in 300–500 ml of 5% glucose solution. But at the same time, uterine contractions and fetal heartbeat must be monitored. This is done before the end of childbirth and after separation of the placenta.

In case of weak labor or prolonged labor, the drug is taken in doses of 0.5–1 IU with an interval of 60 minutes, depending on the obstetric situation. During childbirth in breech presentation, 2–5 units of the drug are administered.

For hypotension and uterine atony, 5–10 units of Oxytocin are prescribed intravenously in 10–20 ml of 40% glucose solution. To stimulate lactation, the drug is administered intramuscularly or into the nose, 0.5 units 5 minutes before feeding. If necessary, the injection is repeated. For premenstrual syndrome - in the nose, from the 20th day of the cycle to the 1st day of menstruation.

As a prevention and treatment of hypotonic uterine bleeding in the postpartum period, the medication is administered intramuscularly in a dose of 3–5 units. In any case, the exact dosage of Oxytocin is prescribed by the doctor.

Overdose

There were no cases of overdose observed. This drug is not capable of causing serious complications if taken in the prescribed dosage. Only a sharp increase in dose can cause negative reactions. This is primarily due to the high concentration of the drug in the blood plasma. Therefore, it is impossible to increase the dose unless necessary.

The drug should be administered strictly under the supervision of a physician. This will avoid serious consequences in the future. If strange symptoms develop, the administration of the medication is stopped. But the doctor must make this decision. After all, if labor is weak, it is necessary to complete what was started in any case. This should occur either under the administration of this drug, or during a cesarean section. In this case, all possible risks are weighed, and based on this, the right decision is made. Oxytocin really helps many women, but in order not to cause harm to the body of the mother and child, it must be used carefully, without deviating from the given dose.

Interactions with other drugs

Interactions of Oxytocin with other drugs when used simultaneously with inhaled anesthetics, it is possible to enhance the hypotensive effect of the drug and weaken its stimulating effect on the uterus. This can significantly complicate the process and lead to the impossibility of an independent birth process. In this case, you will have to resort to a caesarean section.

Prostaglandins potentiate the stimulating effect of oxytocin on the uterus. The drug itself is capable of potentiating the pressor effect of sympathomimetic drugs. Therefore, before administering this drug, you must make sure that the woman is not taking any other medications. Moreover, it is extremely unacceptable to use simultaneous administration of medications that have the same effect. This can lead to serious consequences. Oxytocin is a strong medicine that can not only improve the condition and “accelerate” labor, but also, on the contrary, worsen the situation.

In case of labor disturbances, to prevent uterine bleeding, to increase lactation after the birth of a child, and for painful menstrual syndrome, the drug Oxytocin is used. Injections are given strictly under medical supervision to avoid serious complications.

It is important to know the specific effects on the body of the mother and fetus, to understand what reactions are possible in the event of an overdose or injections without taking into account contraindications. Information about the hormonal drug will help women understand the mechanism of action of Oxytocin and the possible consequences of uncontrolled use of the drug.

Composition and release form

The active component is the synthetic hormone oxytocin, similar to the natural peptide of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (1 ml of the hormonal product contains 5 IU of the active substance).

Additional components:

• water for injections,
• chlorobutanol hydrate.

The package contains 5 or 10 ampoules, the volume of clear liquid in each container is 1 ml.

The drug belongs to the pharmacological group “Hormones of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland”. The solution is intended for injection into the cervix or wall of the uterus and intranasally (instillation of the composition into the nose).

Action

After intramuscular or intravenous administration, oxytocin is actively absorbed and penetrates the uterus. The drug exhibits vasopressin-like, lactotropic and mild antidiuretic effects.

Hormone oxytocin:

• activates the contraction of the smooth muscles of the uterus;
• increases myometrial tone and contractile activity;
• reduces the ability to contract epithelial cells, facilitates the movement of milk during lactation into the sinuses and large ducts of the mammary glands;
• does not affect the contraction of the walls of the intestines and bladder.

The speed of manifestation of the effect from the use of a hormonal drug depends on the method of administration: for intramuscular use - after 1-2 minutes, the period of exposure - up to half an hour, intranasally - for three to four minutes. When administered by drip, the active effect of the active substance appears less than a minute after the start of the infusion.

Indications for use

Intravenous and intramuscular injections of Oxytocin are prescribed to pregnant women and women in labor:

• to initiate and stimulate optimal labor against the background of Rh conflict between mother and fetus;
• in case of urgent birth;
• with intrauterine fetal death;
• with weak contractions of the uterus.

Other indications for the use of Oxytocin:

• low level of lactation after the birth of a child;
• prevention of bleeding after abortion at different stages of pregnancy;
• to activate uterine contractions to remove placenta after cesarean section;
• for the speedy return of the uterus to its usual physiological state after childbirth;
• with severe signs of premenstrual syndrome: sudden weight gain, pronounced swelling, pain in the ovaries and uterus.

Contraindications

Improper use of Oxytocin injections can cause serious consequences for the body, including death. It is important to take into account the limitations and assess the risk of adverse reactions depending on the condition of the mother and fetus.

The hormone Oxytocin in ampoules is not prescribed in the following situations:

• arterial hypertension;
• oblique or transverse position of the fetus;
• development of preeclamptic toxemia;
• placenta previa;
• invasive carcinoma develops in the cervical area;
• large fruit;
• excessive sensitivity to oxytocin;
• the uterus is distended after numerous births;
• severe pathologies of the vascular network, cardiac muscle;
• there are scars on the uterus after surgical treatment or cesarean section;
• narrow pelvis;
• suspicion of placental abruption;
• intrauterine oxygen starvation of the fetus;
• increased risk of uterine rupture.

Instructions for use

Doctors select the dosage and method of administering the Oxytocin solution individually. The frequency of injections is determined taking into account the patient's condition.

Basic Rules:

• to stimulate labor. Intramuscular injections, from 0.5 to 2 IU of the hormone, repeated administration at intervals of 30 minutes to an hour when the effect of the hormonal agent is weak;
• for induction of labor. Intravenous infusions. First, 2 ampoules of the hormonal agent are diluted in 1 liter of 5% dextrose solution. The initial infusion rate is from 5 to 8 drops per minute, the speed is gradually increased depending on the degree of activation of labor (maximum, up to 40 drops in 60 seconds). Be sure to monitor fetal heart contractions and uterine muscle activity;
• in the treatment of incomplete or imminent abortion Oxytocin solution is administered intravenously by drip. For the procedure, combine a dextrose solution of 5% concentration (500 ml) with 10 IU of the hormone. The optimal rate of administration of the drug is from 20 to 40 drops over 60 seconds;
• to prevent mastitis in case of congestion during lactation, the patient receives 2 IU of a hormonal drug intramuscularly;
• for removal of placenta after cesarean section sections into the wall of the uterus give an injection of Oxytocin, a single dose - from 3 to 5 IU of the active substance;
• to reduce the risk of hypotonic bleeding from the uterus Prescribe intramuscular injections 2 or 3 times a day for two to three days. The optimal amount of the hormone is from 3 to 5 IU. During the treatment of dangerous uterine bleeding, the duration of therapy is three days, the amount of oxytocin is from 5 to 8 IU, the frequency of intramuscular administration is two or three times a day;
• for severe premenstrual syndrome intranasal use of a hormonal agent is prescribed. The solution should be instilled into the nose from the 20th day of the menstrual cycle to the 1st day of the next monthly bleeding.

To reduce the risk of reflex tachycardia and a drop in blood pressure, a slow jet injection of the solution is required during infusion at a rate of 0.012 to 0.02 IU/min. Once optimal labor is confirmed, it is important to gradually reduce the rate of intravenous administration.

Important! Oxytocin injections are used strictly according to indications, but with individual sensitivity or a combination of negative factors, negative reactions are possible. The drug, which stimulates uterine contractions, is allowed to be used only in a hospital setting under constant medical supervision.

Side effects

Possible side effects in the mother:

• headache, dizziness;
• fluid retention in the body, nausea, vomiting;
• increased platelet levels;
• anaphylactic shock due to excessive sensitization of the body;
• bradycardia, arrhythmia, decreased or increased blood pressure, ventricular extrasystole;
• uterine spasms, uterine hypertonicity and uterine rupture;
• death during childbirth;
• hemorrhage in the pelvic area.

Complications in a newborn or fetus:

• sinus bradycardia, increased heart rate, arrhythmia, extrasystole;
• hemorrhage in the retinal area of ​​the eye;
• asphyxia, in the absence of timely assistance - fetal death;
• damage to the brain and central nervous system;
• jaundice of newborns.

Uncontrolled use of the drug Oxytocin can lead to dangerous complications. Injections and infusions are carried out only in a hospital setting. It is important to monitor the condition of the mother and fetus, blood pressure, heart rate, and uterine contractility were shown.

Overdose

Excess oxytocin is dangerous to health and life: severe adverse reactions develop:

• convulsions;
• hypoxia;
• birth injuries;
• uterine rupture;
• hypercapnia;
• tetanus of the uterus;
• fetal bradycardia;
• asphyxia and fetal death;
• severe postpartum bleeding;
• a sharp slowdown in the fetal heart rate.

On the page, read the information on how to treat ovarian cysts without surgery using medications.

Treatment:

• immediate cancellation of oxytocin-based injections;
• rapid reduction in fluid administration;
• carrying out forced diuresis;
• administration of a hypertonic solution (sodium chloride);
• stabilization of water and electrolyte balance;
• constant medical supervision.

Drug interactions

Important details:

• combination with Cyclopropane and Galopane can lead to hypotension;
• when used simultaneously with MAO inhibitors, there is a high probability of increased blood pressure;
• the combination of Oxytocin with sympathomimetic amines increases the pressor effect of the use of ionotropic drugs that bind myocardial pt receptors.

Price

The price of Oxytocin depends on the number of ampoules and the pharmaceutical company. Hungarian drug (manufacturer - Gedeon-Richter) - price 85 rubles for 5 ampoules, Russian drug (Moscow Endocrine Plant) - 45 rubles for 10 ampoules.

Store the drug on the bottom shelf or door of the refrigerator at a temperature from +2 C to +15 C. Freezing the medicine is prohibited. Ampoules with hormonal composition should not reach children. Oxytocin injection solution is valid for three years.

Analogues

Many women leave positive reviews about oxytocin if the hormone was used to stimulate proper labor. A repeat injection is often required if contractions are not intense enough. It is important that doctors take into account contraindications to reduce the risk of adverse reactions, including those dangerous to the life of the woman and fetus.

For weak labor, congestion in the chest during lactation, poor uterine contractions after abortion or childbirth, doctors recommend injections of the drug Oxytocin. The hormonal agent is successfully used for severe manifestations of premenstrual syndrome, for the prevention of hypotonic bleeding from the uterus. An analogue of a natural hormone has an active effect on the elements of the reproductive system, giving a positive result without serious complications for the body. If Oxytocin is used incorrectly, dangerous side reactions are possible.

Video about who and why the hormone Oxytocin is prescribed in injections:

international and chemical name: oxytocin;

synthetic cyclic pentapeptide;

Basic physical and chemical properties

colorless, transparent solution;

Compound

1 ml contains 5 (IU) oxytocin;

Excipients: glacial acetic acid, chlorobutanol hemihydrate, ethyl alcohol (96%), water for injection.

Release form

Injection.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Hormones of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

ATS code Н01В В 02.

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics. The clinical and pharmacological properties of oxytocin are similar to those of endogenous oxytocin of the posterior pituitary gland. The uterine musculature contains oxytocin-sensitive receptors of the G-protein receptor family. As pregnancy progresses, the number of oxytocin receptors and the sensitivity of the uterus to it grow and reach its maximum by the end of pregnancy.

Oxytocin causes contraction of the smooth cell muscles of the uterus by increasing the concentration of intracellular potassium. With an increase in the amplitude and duration of muscle contractions, the cervix of the uterus expands and smoothes. Oxytocin causes contractions by temporarily reducing blood flow to the uterus. In certain quantities, oxytocin can enhance the contractility of the uterus to a level characteristic of normal labor, and up to a tetanic state.

Oxytocin causes contraction of the myoepithelial cells adjacent to the alveoli of the mammary gland, and thereby promotes milk secretion.

By acting on the smooth cell muscles of blood vessels, oxytocin causes vasodilation, increases blood flow to the kidneys, coronary vessels of the heart and brain. In this case, blood pressure usually remains unchanged, however, with the intravenous administration of large doses of concentrated oxytocin, blood pressure can temporarily decrease with the development of reflex tachycardia and a reflex increase in cardiac output. After some initial decrease in pressure, a prolonged, albeit small, increase in blood pressure occurs.

Unlike vasopressin, oxytocin has a weak antidiuretic effect. Overhydration is possible with the simultaneous use of oxytocin with large volumes of electrolyte-free liquids and/or with its rapid administration.

When administered intravenously, the effect of oxytocin on the uterus appears almost instantly and lasts for 1 hour. When administered intramuscularly, the myotonic effect occurs in the first 3-7 minutes and lasts for 2-3 hours.

Pharmacokinetics. Like vasopressin, oxytocin is distributed throughout the extracellular space. Small amounts of oxytocin appear to enter the fetal circulation.

The half-life of oxytocin is 1-6 minutes, it is shorter in the last period of pregnancy and during lactation. Most of the drug is broken down in the liver and kidneys. In the process of enzymatic hydrolysis, oxytocin is inactivated, mainly under the action of tissue oxytocinase (oxytocinase is also found in the placenta and plasma). Only a small amount of oxytocin is excreted unchanged in the urine.

Indications for use

Induction of labor, stimulation of labor during primary and secondary labor weakness, as well as with caution in the first and second stages of labor. Prevention and treatment of placental bleeding and atonic uterine bleeding (in case of cesarean section Oxytocin injected directly into the uterine muscle). Insufficient uterine involution in the postpartum period (to control subinvolution and bleeding). Incomplete or septic abortion. For gynecological bleeding (after establishing a histological diagnosis).

For diagnostics: to determine the respiratory capacity of the feto-placental unit (stress test with oxytocin).

Directions for use and doses

The dose is determined taking into account the individual sensitivity of the pregnant woman and the fetus.

For induction or stimulation of labor Oxytocin is used exclusively as an intravenous drip infusion. Compliance with the prescribed infusion rate is mandatory. Safe use of oxytocin requires the use of an infusion pump or other similar device, as well as monitoring of uterine contractions and fetal cardiac activity. In case of excessive increase in contractile activity of the uterus, the infusion should be stopped immediately; as a result, excessive muscle activity of the uterus quickly decreases.

1. You should start with an infusion of a solution that does not contain oxytocin.

2. To prepare a standard infusion of oxytocin in 1000 ml of solvent (0.9% ) dissolve 1 ml (5 IU) oxytocin and mix. In 1 ml of infusion prepared in this way, 5 mMO of oxytocin is obtained. For precise dosing of the solution, an infusion pump or other similar device should be used.

3. The rate of administration of the initial dose should not exceed 0.5-4 mmIU/min. Every 20-40 minutes it can be increased by 1-2 mMO until the desired degree of contractile activity of the uterus is achieved. When the degree of uterine contractions corresponding to normal labor is achieved and the uterine os is dilated by 4-6 cm in the absence of signs of fetal distress, the infusion rate can be gradually reduced at a rate similar to its acceleration. In late pregnancy, oxytocin can be administered more rapidly, but care must be taken because infusion rates of 8-9 mmIu/min may only occasionally be required. In case of premature birth, accelerated administration of oxytocin may be necessary; however, sometimes the speed can exceed 20 mmu/min.

4. It is necessary to monitor the fetal heartbeat, the tone of the uterus at rest, the frequency, duration and strength of its contractions.

In the event of excessive uterine contractions or fetal distress, oxytocin administration should be stopped immediately and oxygen therapy should be provided to the parturient, while the parturient and fetus should be under the supervision of a specialist physician.

To stop uterine bleeding in the postpartum period:

1) Intravenous drip infusion: 1000 ml (0.9% sodium chloride solution, 5% glucose solution) dissolve 10-40 IU of oxytocin to prevent uterine atony, 20-40 mmU/min of oxytocin is necessary.

2) Intramuscular: 1 ml (5 IU) of oxytocin after separation of the placenta.

As adjuvant therapy for incomplete abortion:

10 IU of oxytocin in 500 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution or a mixture of 5% dextrose with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The rate of intravenous infusion is 20-40 drops/min.

To diagnose uteroplacental insufficiency (stress test with oxytocin):

The intravenous infusion should be started at a rate of 0.5 mmIU/min and the rate should be doubled every 20 minutes until an effective dose is reached, usually 5-6 mmIU/min, with a maximum of 20 mmU/min. After the appearance of three moderate contractions lasting 40-60 seconds each within a 10-minute period, you should stop administering oxytocin and monitor the change, i.e., the slowdown in fetal cardiac activity.

During caesarean section, Oxytocin is injected into the uterine muscle at a dose of 5 IU. For gynecological indications - subcutaneously or intramuscularly in a dose of 5-10 IU.

Side effect

For women in labor:From the reproductive system: Large doses or hypersensitivity to the drug can cause hypertension, cramps, tetany and uterine rupture; increased bleeding in the postpartum period due to thrombocytopenia, afibrinogenemia and hypoprothrombinemia. Sometimes a pelvic hematoma is possible. It is possible to reduce the risk of bleeding in the postpartum period by systematically monitoring the progress of labor.

From the cardiovascular system: the use of large doses of oxytocin can lead to arrhythmia; premature ventricular contraction; hypertension following hypotension; reflex tachycardia.

From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting.

From the side of water-electrolyte metabolism: Due to the antidiuretic action of oxytocin, when administered intravenously (usually at 40-50 mmU/min) simultaneously with large amounts of fluid, severe overhydration is possible. States of severe overhydration with convulsions and coma can also develop with slow, more than 24-hour infusions of oxytocin. There is a known case of hyperhydration with the onset of death of a woman in labor.

From the immune system: anaphylaxis and other allergic reactions, rarely fatal.

In the fetus or newborn: low Apgar scores when determined 5 minutes after birth, neonatal jaundice, retinal hemorrhage in newborns.

Sinus bradycardia, tachycardia, premature ventricular contractions and other arrhythmias, residual damage to the central nervous system and brain, fetal death due to asphyxia, as a result - increased contractile activity of the uterus.

Contraindications

Increased sensitivity to oxytocin; discrepancy between the sizes of the fetus and the pelvis of the woman in labor, narrow pelvis (severe degree of narrowing); unfavorable position of the fetus (oblique and transverse), which prevents spontaneous birth; emergency situations caused by the condition of the mother or fetus requiring surgical intervention; state of fetal distress long before the terminal stages of pregnancy; hypertonicity of the uterus; the presence of contraindications for vaginal delivery (for example, umbilical cord presentation or prolapse, central placenta previa and marginal placenta previa).

In cases of severe toxemia or weak uterine contractility, long-term use of oxytocin is contraindicated.

Overdose. Symptoms of overdose depend mainly on the degree of sensitivity of the uterus to oxytocin and are not associated with the presence of hypersensitivity to the active component of the drug. Hyperstimulation can lead to strong (hypertonic) and prolonged (tetanic) contractions, or to rapid labor with a characteristic base tone of 15-20 or more mm water. Art., measured between two contractions, and can also cause rupture of the body or cervix, vagina, bleeding in the postpartum period, utero-placental hypoperfusion, slow fetal cardiac activity, hypoxia, hypercapnia and fetal death.

Long-term use of the drug in large doses (40-50 ml/min) may be accompanied by a severe side effect - hyperhydration caused by the antidiuretic effect of oxytocin.

Treatment consists of stopping the oxytocin infusion, limiting fluid intake, using diuretics, intravenous hypertonic saline, correcting electrolyte balance, controlling seizures with barbiturates, and providing professional care for the comatose patient.

Features of application

The use of the drug is contraindicated if there is a history of hypersensitivity to oxytocin.

Except in special cases, the use of oxytocin is not recommended for preterm labor; with a significant degree of narrowing of the pelvis; previous surgery on the uterus or cervix, including after caesarean section; excessive increase in uterine tone; multiple pregnancy; invasive stage of cervical carcinoma. Until the fetal head or pelvis enters the pelvic inlet, oxytocin cannot be used to induce labor. Identifying so-called special cases caused by combinations of various factors is the task of the doctor. Before starting the use of oxytocin, the expected beneficial effects of therapy should be carefully weighed against the dangers (although rare, hypertonicity and uterine tetany are possible).

In order to induce labor and enhance uterine contractility, oxytocin is used exclusively intravenously, in a hospital and with appropriate medical supervision. Any patient receiving an oxytocin infusion should be closely monitored by a physician who is familiar with the drug and its side effects. A specialist doctor who has undergone special training should be nearby in case of side effects.

To avoid complications, you should constantly monitor uterine contractions, the cardiac activity of the mother and fetus, and the mother’s blood pressure. At the first sign of uterine hyperactivity, oxytocin should be stopped immediately; as a result, the uterine contractions caused by the drug usually soon subside.

When used adequately, oxytocin causes uterine contractions similar to normal labor. Excessive stimulation that occurs when the drug is used incorrectly is dangerous for both the mother and the fetus.

It must be borne in mind that in cases of hypersensitivity to the drug, hypertensive contractions are possible even with adequate use of the drug. The possibility of increased bleeding and the development of afibrinogenemia should be taken into account.

There are cases of death of a woman in labor as a result of hypersensitivity reactions, subarachnoid hemorrhage, uterine rupture, as well as cases of fetal death for various reasons during parenteral use of the drug for the purpose of inducing labor and stimulating uterine contractions.

The antidiuretic effect of the drug promotes water retention in the body. Particular attention should be paid to the possibility of overhydration when using a continuous infusion of oxytocin and ingesting fluids.

When administered parenterally, the drug can be used only intravenously or intramuscularly.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding: in the first trimester of pregnancy, oxytocin is used only for spontaneous or induced abortions.

The chemical, pharmacological properties of oxytocin and numerous data on its use indicate that when used as prescribed, the likelihood of its effect on increasing the incidence of fetal malformations is small.

Passes into breast milk in small quantities.

In cases where the drug is used to stop uterine bleeding, breastfeeding can be started only after completing the course of treatment with oxytocin.

Interaction with other drugs

When oxytocin is administered 3-4 hours after the simultaneous use of vasoconstrictors and against the background of caudal anesthesia, severe hypertension is possible.

Anesthesia with cyclopropane may alter the cardiovascular effect of oxytocin - hypotension is possible.

There is a known case when the simultaneous use of oxytocin and cyclopropane caused sinus bradycardia and atrioventricular rhythm in the patient.

Incompatibility The drug can be diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride solution, 5% glucose solution, sodium lactate solutions, Salina. The prepared solution must be used within the first 8 hours after preparation.

Conditions and shelf life

Store out of the reach of children, at a temperature of 2 - 15 °C.

Shelf life - 3 years.

Vacation conditions

On prescription.

Package

1 ml per ampoule, 5 ampoules per carton.

Content:

Oxytocin is a pharmacological hormonal veterinary drug, produced in the form of injections, which is a synthetic analogue of the polypeptide hormone of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The main active component (active) substance is oxytocin. In traditional veterinary medicine it is used to enhance the contractile activity of the myometrium - the smooth muscles of the uterus.

Description of the veterinary drug

Oxytocin is an injectable hormonal medication. This is an analogue of a polypeptide hormone that is produced by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland in warm-blooded animals. The pharmacological agent is released in the form of a colorless, odorless, sterile solution. 1 ml of the drug contains 5 or 10 IU (international unit) of oxytocin (oxytocin 10 units, 5 units). Excipients: nipagin, water for injection. Packaged in glass containers (bottles) of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 ml, which are sealed with rubber stoppers and aluminum caps.

Belongs to the group of low-toxic, low-hazard medications (4th hazard class). If the recommended dosage is followed, it practically does not provoke complications or side symptoms. The dosage is indicated in the annotation for the veterinary drug.

According to the instructions, the veterinary drug should be stored in a cool, dark place protected from UV radiation at a temperature of 0 to 23 °C. From the date of release, Oxytocin must be used within two years. After opening the bottle, storage of the medicine is not allowed. After the expiration date, the drug is disposed of.

Properties and pharmacodynamics

The veterinary drug belongs to the group of hormones and their antagonists. The main effect of Oxytocin is aimed at stimulating the contractile function of the myometrium - the smooth muscles of the uterus. The main component increases the tone of the uterus in warm-blooded animals, especially in the last stages of pregnancy, and stimulates labor.

Oxytocin also increases the contractile activity of the myoepithelial cellular structures surrounding the alveoli of the milk bags, which in turn stimulates milk production, facilitating its movement into the mammary ducts (larger ones) and sinuses.

Important! The veterinary drug in high doses has a mild antidiuretic effect, has vasopressin-like properties, but does not affect the muscles of the bladder or intestines.

The therapeutic effect occurs approximately 2 minutes after intramuscular, subcutaneous administration, and after intravenous administration - after 0.5–1 minute. The effect lasts 25–30 minutes.

With rapid jet injection of the injection, a slight decrease in blood pressure is possible. Before use, we recommend that you consult with a veterinarian and carefully study the instructions for the drug.

Instructions for use

In veterinary medicine, oxytocin stimulates labor in domestic and farm animals (goats, cows, sheep, cattle). The veterinary drug, stimulating the smooth muscles of the uterus, promotes the natural release of the placenta when it is retained. The use of Oxytocin is also indicated for uterine, atonic bleeding, reflex agalactia, and inflammatory processes in the uterus. In traditional veterinary medicine, the drug is used to treat mastitis in cows, goats, pigs, cats, dogs, and other animal species.

According to the instructions, it is preferable to administer the pharmacological agent intramuscularly. In this case, Oxytocin is also administered subcutaneously and intravenously to animals at the indicated dose.

Important! If necessary, according to the veterinarian's indications, Oxytocin can be administered simultaneously with novocaine epidurally. To achieve a faster effect, you can inject the drug in combination with glucose. The dose is indicated in the instructions.

The dosage, depending on the type of animal, is indicated in units in the table:

As a rule, in case of overdose, complications and side symptoms are not observed in animals. Oxytocin for veterinary use can be used simultaneously with other pharmacological agents.

Important! If goats, cows, and other farm animals are injected with oxytocin after lambing, there are no contraindications for eating meat or animal products.

When working with veterinary medicine, as with other groups of medications, you should follow safety precautions, personal hygiene, aseptic and antiseptic rules.

Contraindications and side effects

A veterinary drug used for females can cause side effects only in the case of individual hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. In this case, individuals note:

• tachycardia;
• short-term arterial hypotension;
• respiratory dysfunction;
• hypertonicity of the uterus.

In case of overdose, hyperstimulation of the uterus, cardiac arrhythmia, hypoxia, and fetal death are possible.

Oxytocin is strictly contraindicated in case of individual hypersensitivity to the active components of the drug, as well as if there is a threat of uterine rupture due to fetal hypoxia, which is caused by its incorrect location. In this case, the veterinarian performs a caesarean section.

The medicine is not administered if the natural passage of the fetus through the birth canal is impossible, as well as in case of its deformities, obstetrics in cases of a large fetus.

If there are contraindications to the use of oxytocin or obvious side symptoms are noticeable, stop taking the medication. Animals are prescribed symptomatic therapy. In case of hypersensitivity to oxytocin, other pharmacological agents may be prescribed to enhance the contractile function of the smooth muscles of the uterus and stimulate labor.