What does a blood test for RDW mean? Interpretation and meaning of the RDW indicator in a general blood test

These red blood cells perform a transport function, helping to deliver oxygen to all tissues and organs, taking away carbon dioxide and toxins accumulated by the cells. Normally, their sizes are approximately the same, which allows them, under certain conditions, to quickly stick together, forming blood clots.

Red blood cells can indicate the presence of pathologies in the body, especially if their dimensions are very different from each other. In what cases the distribution index is lowered, what this indicates and how it manifests itself, we will find out further.

Reduced RDW: pathology and norm

In a healthy person, red blood cells have the same shape, density and color. In cases of deviations, especially in autoimmune diseases and oncology, a malfunction occurs at the microcellular level when newly formed cells do not receive enough of certain components, and in fact are not able to perform their functions. This leads to anemia, a pathological condition in which the body does not receive the required amount of oxygen, that is, the metabolic function of red blood cells is disrupted.

The erythrocyte distribution index is determined during a general blood test. In some cases, if a specific disease is suspected, only this index can be determined in the analysis. In most cases, the RDW is determined together with the average MCV volume, since these indices (volume and quantity) are interrelated and help determine the type of anemia. The fact is that for a complete assessment of the state of erythrocytes, not only their shape is important, but also their quantity in the blood. And if increased rates occur with a frequency of 1 per person, then reduced values \u200b\u200bare extremely rare and always indicate serious health problems.

A blood test for the determination of RDW can be performed both routinely (during medical examinations) and according to indications, when there are suspicions of abnormalities in the hematopoietic function. Without fail, the analysis is performed before surgery, in childhood and during pregnancy.

Why is RDW needed?

But what does this give? The fact is that erythrocytes are similar to each other like twin brothers, which allows them to replace each other at the right time or stick together into blastulae. If the cells increase in size, their need for nutrition also increases, respectively, their life expectancy is short. This in turn affects the overall level of red blood cells and human health.

The more cells die, the more bilirubin and iron are released, which in turn represents an increased load on the liver, which will malfunction, unable to cope with the processing of these substances.

The RDW index is directly related to anisocytosis, a pathological process in which the shape of red blood cells changes, which affects their volume and size. Anisocytosis is a complex chemical process that affects all blood cells.

We suggest watching a video on the topic

How is it determined?

It is determined using a mathematical formula, in the form of a ratio of modified erythrocytes that exceed the maximum allowable volumes to the total mass of erythrocytes.

To date, laboratories use computer technology to determine the percentage of deviation from the norm, without doing manual calculations. The output data is presented in the form of a histogram, which displays a curve indicating possible modifications of red blood cells.

What do the results depend on?

The norms are determined depending on age, gender and the presence of physiological processes occurring in the body. For children of the first year of life, an indicator of 11.5-18.7% is considered the norm. After a year, the digital values tend to the generally accepted norm - 11.5-14.5%. In women, the upper limit may shift to 15.5%, which is explained by frequent changes in hormonal levels: pregnancy, breastfeeding, taking hormonal contraceptives, menopause.

Index Variations

For a more detailed in-depth study of the erythrocyte distribution index, two values are considered:

RDW-SD - defines the standard deviation from the norm, expressed in femtoliters. The indicator is in no way related to MCV, since it shows the quantitative value of the difference between the largest and smallest cells.
RDW-SV - shows how much the volume of red blood cells differs from the average. It is defined as the percentage of all deformed cells to the total red blood cell mass.

What do the low values mean?

Since it is impossible to fully evaluate RDW without MCV, all options for lower values should be considered when relating these two indices:

RDW is low and MCV is below average - a problem with the liver and spleen.
RDW is low and MCV is higher than normal - the presence of cancer, mainly with metastases in the bone marrow.

A decrease in the level of red blood cell distribution cannot be manifested in principle if we consider this indicator from a biological point of view. Therefore, in medical practice, when rather low values are detected in 99.9% of all cases, the patient is offered to re-donate blood, having first fulfilled all the conditions:

do not smoke or drink alcohol 24 hours before blood sampling;
do not use medications before analysis;
limit the intake of salty and smoked foods the day before.

In the case when RDW is truly below normal, as confirmed by unsatisfactory tests of its “colleague” MCV, this may indicate the development of diseases such as:

Microcytic anemia is colloquially known as “anemia,” when red blood cells quickly die due to irregular shapes, not representing any biological value for the body.
Malignant neoplasms - usually concerns diseases such as mastopathy, bone marrow cancer and lung cancer.
Extensive hemolysis is a process in which red blood cells are destroyed before they reach their target. As a result, active hemoglobin is released.

Causes

There are a number of reasons that could trigger the development of such a manifestation, such as reduced RDW:

Large blood loss in traumatism and pathological bleeding. The most dangerous are uterine and gastric internal bleeding, in which blood is lost at a rapid pace, reducing the chances of survival.
Frequent surgical interventions, especially when removing an organ or part of it.
Incorrect metabolism, in which the food consumed is not completely digested and assimilated, but is partially or completely subjected to the processes of fermentation and putrefaction.
Hormonal imbalance, which is more common among the female half of the population.
Lack of iron and B vitamins in the body.
Blood pathologies, which are characterized by rapid destructive processes, as a result of which red blood cells completely lose their biological functions.

How does it manifest?

A patient with a low RDW will have all the symptoms of anemia:

lethargy and apathy;
fast fatiguability;
frequent dizziness, especially with sudden movements;
constant fatigue even after a long rest;
severe shortness of breath with the addition of a chesty dry cough for no reason;
increased heart rate (tachycardia);
increased blood pressure (if overweight).

Such clinical manifestations are quite easy to explain. Small cells bring less oxygen to tissues and organs, from which the latter begin to suffer, since all natural biological processes (oxidation and reduction) do not occur without oxygen. Large ones are generally unable to retain oxygen molecules on their surface, which is where microcytic anemia develops.

The nerve cells responsible for all impulses in the body will begin to suffer first, which is where the above symptoms appear.

What to do?

During a consultation with a doctor, most likely he will ask you to retake the test, since the erythrocyte distribution index is almost never reduced. This means that all cells are ideal in their parameters, which cannot be the case in principle. If all factors that could influence the inaccuracy of the results are excluded and the indicator is repeated, a full examination of the body is carried out, paying special attention to oncological studies.

Prevention

This process can be prevented by following simple rules:

Eat a balanced diet, including plenty of fresh vegetables, fruits and lean meats.
Be outdoors more often.
To live an active lifestyle.
Do not neglect routine medical examinations, where, according to statistics, serious pathologies that have no external signs are most often detected.

Thus, the distribution index of red blood cells shows their size relative to each other, which makes it possible to determine their biological value. Decreased levels are extremely rare, but can completely indicate the presence of various diseases. The index is determined during a general blood test, but is only fully valid when calculated together with the MCV index, the indicators of which are interrelated.

This percentage is relative, therefore in many cases it is not calculated with a detailed blood test.

Add a comment Cancel reply

By using this site, you agree to the use of cookies in accordance with this cookie type notice. If you do not agree to our use of this type of file, you should set your browser settings accordingly or not use the site.

Rdw in blood test is reduced

What it is

Laboratory research rdw

Norm

Interpretation and meaning of the RDW indicator in a general blood test

The most important indicators when examining a blood sample are considered to be the level of hemoglobin, the number of leukocytes and platelets.

Modern hematological instruments also determine other values, for example, red cell distribution width. The RDW coefficient in a blood test is inextricably linked with the average volume of red blood cells (mean corpuscle value).

A detailed decoding of blood biochemistry allows you to establish a more accurate diagnosis, especially when determining the type of anemia and related diseases. RDW as a result of the analysis may indicate anicytosis if the blood produces red blood cells that are larger or smaller than normal. Calculation of this indicator provides more information with low hemoglobin and microcytic anemia (reduction in the size of red cells).

RDW value

The distribution width is calculated during a complete venous blood count to determine the uniformity of red blood cells. The word "width" in this term is sometimes misleading. RDW stands for variation in red blood cell size. This value is calculated by comparing their volume.

Electronic devices are able to evaluate the impulses that blood cells produce. The stronger the impulse, the larger the red blood cell. The approximate variation in the size of healthy red blood cells is 10.2‒14.6%. It is important to note that when using different devices, the decoding of RDW may differ, so the test result indicates a reference value of the norm.

Clinical use

The coefficient helps diagnose various conditions.

Nutrient deficiency: iron, folate, vitamin B12. With such anemia, RDW increases.
The width of the distribution makes it possible to distinguish thalassemia from iron deficiency anemia. With thalassemia, this indicator is within the normal range, but with iron deficiency it can be overestimated. However, additional tests are required to establish a more accurate diagnosis.
If you are deficient in vitamin B12 and folic acid, the size of your red blood cells may increase (macrocytic anemia). But macrocytosis is a characteristic sign in other diseases. The width of the distribution of red blood cells provides additional information for the correct diagnosis.
Variation in the size of red blood cells above normal allows us to suspect some disorders in the early stages.
Among patients with cancer and cardiovascular diseases, this indicator plays an important role in the early detection of complications that can lead to death.

Relation to MCV

In the treatment of anemia and other blood diseases, the number of RDW is related to the MCV - the average volume of blood cells. Essentially, RDW is the MCV coefficient. Its increased value reflects greater MCV heterogeneity (anicytosis), which usually occurs when blood cells are degraded or undergo a maturation disorder.

A comparison of two indicators provides specialists with information about a particular abnormality in the blood condition. Different combinations of RDW and MCV values may indicate anemia, thalassemia, and chronic liver diseases.

Increased number of RDW

With a normal MCV, early iron deficiency anemia, liver disease, and sickle cell disease can be diagnosed.
A reduced level indicates iron deficiency anemia and some forms of thalassemia.
If the value is high, megaloblastic anemia (lack of vitamin B12, folic acid), myelodysplastic syndrome, and chronic liver disease are diagnosed.

Normal RDW

With a low MCV, abnormal hemoglobin E or anemia may be detected as a symptom of a chronic disease.
A high value occurs during chemotherapy, with chronic disorders of the liver, myelodysplasia.

What should be the normal RDW indicator?

The optimal coefficient value is 13%. Variations within 11–14% are also considered normal. Some hematology machines have their own, slightly different, rate that is used to evaluate test results. This value is usually listed in the blood test for comparison.

As noted earlier, a normal RDW level alone does not provide complete information. It is interpreted in relation to the MCV indicator.

Low RDW value

The RDW is rarely below 10.2%. This means that red blood cells are uniform and practically do not differ from each other in size.

This condition is usually a sign of macrocytic anemia, a disorder in which there are not enough red blood cells in the blood, and those that are present are larger than normal. Another reason for a low RDW value is microcytic anemia. With this disease, the size of red blood cells is noticeably smaller than normal.

Uniformity in the size of red blood cells is observed in the following diseases:

The coefficient is considered increased when the indicator is more than 15%. This means that red blood cells vary greatly in size.

There are many possible causes for this condition. To determine the most likely diagnosis, RDW is compared with MCV.

High MCV

Given that MCV is the average volume of space that each blood cell occupies, then an increased level of both indicators may indicate several possible deviations in the state of the body.

Liver diseases

The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body, which produces the substances necessary for the body, filters the blood, and removes harmful chemicals. The condition of the liver worsens with alcoholism, as evidenced by an elevated level of RDW.

Hemolytic anemia

A disease in which red blood cells die or are destroyed earlier than their healthy life cycle suggests.

Megaloblastic anemia

Large oval red blood cells with an underdeveloped nucleus and a short life cycle appear in the blood. This condition usually occurs due to a lack of folic acid or vitamin B12 in a person's diet or due to impaired absorption of these substances.

Vitamin A deficiency

A minimum amount of vitamin A must be present in the body for cell synthesis in interaction with vitamin B12.

Low MCV

In other cases, the average volume of red blood cells is reduced, while the width of the distribution is still higher than normal. This may be a sign of some less common anemias or iron deficiency conditions.

Decreased hemoglobin level

Hemoglobin is present in red blood cells. It helps deliver oxygen to the cells of the body. Iron is necessary for the synthesis of hemoglobin, so a deficiency of this trace element leads to a decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the blood.

Iron deficiency anemia is usually caused by insufficient iron in the diet or poor absorption of iron from food or dietary supplements.

Thalassemia intermedia

Thalassemia intermedia is a blood disease in which the synthesis of one or more components of hemoglobin is impaired. As a result, the blood cells are fragmented (broken into smaller particles).

If the red blood cell fragments are noticeably different in size but do not take up more space, this may appear in the analysis as a low MCV with a high RDW.

Normal MCV

An elevated RDW with a normal MCV can be caused by:

the initial stage of iron deficiency anemia, leading to a decrease in hemoglobin;
a decrease in the level of vitamin B12 or folic acid in the body, which is a prerequisite for macrocytosis anemia.

Copying and citing site materials is allowed only if a clearly visible, direct link to the source, open for indexing, is placed.

What does a blood test for RDW mean?

A general blood test is a universal medical indicator of human health. Using it, you can find out which group the disease belongs to, if doubts arise between several similar, but from different groups; learn about possible complications; determine the body’s response to drug treatment, as well as track the dynamics of treatment (for example, do a blood test for RDW).

At the same time, in a general blood test there are mandatory indications - the number of basic blood elements, hemoglobin (a component of red blood cells), ESR in the blood - erythrocyte sedimentation rate. At the doctor's request, they can add a leukocyte formula - the percentage of all types of leukocytes in a milliliter of blood, various indicators for platelets and red blood cells. Most of the indicators are determined specifically for red blood cells, since these elements are the most basic for human blood. And so we’ll tell you what a blood test for RDW means, why it can be elevated and lowered, and how the blood is deciphered.

What it is

A person ignorant of medical terminology, when looking at a blood test for RDW, is highly likely to ask the question: what is RDW in a blood test? It’s easier for a doctor to answer this question: RDW is an indicator in the blood that indicates the heterogeneity of red blood cells.

Red blood cells in the blood exist within certain standards - volume, diameter, amount of hemoglobin, etc. In abnormal conditions, red blood cells occur in different sizes, and the difference in volume between the largest and smallest is called heterogeneity or RDW.

Laboratory research rdw

Norm

In the body, the RDW rate in the blood will almost always be close to zero, because in a completely healthy body there are all the conditions for the normal existence and synthesis of red blood cells.

Unfortunately, in the harsh reality, many people experience some health problems - almost every city resident has anemia - a lack of iron or hemoglobin in red blood cells, which will affect the volume of a given cell, not to mention other conditions of people.

Scientists call this phenomenon of red blood cells of different sizes in the blood anisocytosis in the blood.

At the same time, in normal RDW blood, the volume size of erythrocytes is 6.9-7.4 microns, and other sizes can be called pathologies:

Red blood cell volume< 6,9 мкм – микроциты (с латинского – маленькие клетки). В норме крови на них должно приходиться меньше 15% всех эритроцитов.
6,9 < объем эритроцита < 7,4 – нормоциты (нормальные клетки). В норме на них должно приходиться не менее 70% всех эритроцитов;
7,4 < объем эритроцита – макроциты (большие клетки). В норме на них должно приходиться меньше 15% всех эритроцитов

The normal RDW in a blood test for an adult is 11-14%.

Why is an analysis ordered?

Typically, a blood test for RDW is included in the list of mandatory tests during medical examination, since it can identify the early stages of diseases, but in some cases the doctor may prescribe blood donation specifically for this indicator separately.

Before surgery, it is very important for the doctor to find out the RDW value in the patient's blood test, because it can indicate the presence of anemia. And in some cases, the result of an RDW test may become a contraindication to surgery or medication used during the procedure.

Relegation and promotion

Normally, in a blood test for RDW, the doctor will see more than 70% normocytic cells. Other indications can be considered deviations that appear as a result of various diseases. Usually the blood test for RDW is either high or low.

So, if a low RDW is detected in a blood test, one can judge whether a person has various types of anemia. At the same time, this indicator is important for diagnosis, so with a normal average volume of erythrocytes and a reduced RDW, one can judge the presence of microcytic anemia.

If the average red blood cell volume is reduced, but the RDW of the blood is normal, then the patient is prone to hemorrhage (the scientific name for hemorrhages), thalassemia disease (a genetic disorder that affects the synthesis of hemoglobin, which affects the synthesis of red blood cells) or the processes accompanying complete removal of the spleen - places of death of erythrocytes.

A patient with a decreased RDW will experience chronic fatigue, easy fatigue, lethargy and drowsiness, and sometimes rapid breathing and severe shortness of breath. The clinical picture will resemble anemia. This is because small red blood cells will deliver less oxygen to the tissues than normal-sized red blood cells. The nervous system will primarily “suffer” from this, which will manifest itself in the symptoms described above.

So, when using iron-containing drugs, red blood cells may slightly increase due to new iron, but this will appear in large numbers only a month and a half after the start of treatment. Therefore, it is important to take all prescribed tests on time, because thanks to this the doctor will be able to track the dynamics of treatment.

Constant fatigue with low rdw

How to prepare

Preparing for a blood test for RDW is no different from preparing for a general blood test. The doctor recommends that the patient comply with the hospital regime, and if the treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis, then follow the following general recommendations:

Blood is donated on an empty stomach, in the morning.
A week before the day of the RDW test, it is very important to give up alcoholic beverages.
During the same week, it is recommended to adhere to the principles of the diet, that is, excluding fried, spicy, fatty and canned foods from the diet.
If possible, 3 days before the test, avoid medications that especially affect the level of iron in the blood. If cancellation is impossible, the attending physician informs the patient about this, and also indicates this on the form and the referral for tests.
In the morning, it is advisable to eat only light food without sugar. Coffee and strong black tea will also negatively affect the analysis results.
Do not smoke 3 hours before the test.
15 minutes before the test, it is recommended to sit near the office and relax.

All these recommendations are related to the fact that if this schedule is not followed, a sufficiently large number of red blood cells will be associated with other compounds (the red blood cell, in combination with glucose from food, forms glycated hemoglobin, which manifests itself differently in the analysis, similarly - other compounds).

When smoking or drinking strong drinks, a very large number of red blood cells with oxygen go into peripheral tissues, which also affects blood test results.

Have questions? Ask them to us on VKontakte

Share your experience in this matter Cancel reply

Attention. Our site is for informational purposes only. For more accurate information, to determine your diagnosis and how to treat it, contact the clinic for an appointment with a doctor for a consultation. Copying materials on the site is permitted only with an active link to the source. Please read the Site Use Agreement first.

If you find an error in the text, select it and press Shift + Enter or click here and we will try to quickly correct the error.

Subscribe to our newsletter

Sign up to our newsletter

Thank you for your message. We will fix the error soon.

The erythrocyte distribution index is reduced: what does this mean and what to do? Reduced RDW: pathology and norm

Red blood cell distribution index (RDW) is a very important factor during a complete blood count. This indicator shows the size and shape of red blood cells.

Red blood cells perform the transport function, thereby assisting in the penetration of oxygen into all tissues and organs and at the same time taking away toxins and carbon dioxide accumulated in the cells. In their normal state, red blood cells are approximately the same size, which allows them to quickly stick together, forming blood clots.

The indicator of red blood cells in the blood may reflect the presence of pathological processes in the body, especially if the sizes of these cells vary significantly. Next, we will talk about in what situations the erythrocyte distribution index decreases, how this manifests itself and what it indicates.

Reduced RDW: norm and pathology

A person in good health has red blood cells of the same shape, density and color. In case of deviation, especially in the presence of autoimmune diseases or oncology, the failure occurs at the level of microcells, when young cells do not receive a certain number of components, which, in fact, inhibits their performance. Thus, anemia occurs - a pathology during which the body does not receive the required amount of oxygen, in other words, the metabolic function in red blood cells is disrupted.

What does RDW mean in a blood test?

During a general blood test, the erythrocyte distribution index is determined. If the presence of a specific disease is suspected, a blood test is prescribed to determine only this indicator.

Most often, the width of the distribution of red blood cells by volume is determined together with the MCV indicator. This is the average volume of red blood cells. This happens because these indices (in quantity and volume) are closely related to each other and help in determining the type of anemia.

It happens that the erythrocyte distribution index is reduced. What does it mean? The thing is that for a qualitative judgment about the state of red blood cells, not only their concentration in the blood is important, but also their shape. An increased distribution of red blood cells is observed in 1 of the cases, but if the RDW index is reduced, which is much less common, we are talking about the presence of serious problems in the human body.

A blood test to determine the erythrocyte distribution index can be carried out both during medical examinations (routinely) and as prescribed, if there are suspicions of any abnormalities in the hematopoietic function. The analysis is required before surgery, during pregnancy and in childhood.

Why is it necessary to do an RDW analysis?

It was already mentioned above that the index of distribution of red blood cells in the blood makes it possible to conduct a qualitative assessment of the composition of red blood cells, taking into account their size.

But why is this necessary? The thing is that these cells are very similar to each other, which gives them the opportunity to replace each other or form blastulas. An increase in cell size entails an increased need for nutrition and, in addition, this means that their life expectancy is reduced. All this directly affects the overall indicator of red blood cells in the blood and the human condition.

When a large number of red blood cells die, iron is released and more bilirubin becomes available, which puts increased stress on the liver, and as a result, it cannot process these substances.

The RDW index is directly related to the pathological process, during which the dimensions of erythrocytes change (anisocytosis). This condition is a complex chemical process that causes all blood cells to suffer.

How is it calculated?

The RDW indicator is calculated as a percentage, the norm of which is considered to be the limit from 11.5 to 14.8. The red blood cell distribution index is determined using a mathematical equation that represents the ratio of modified red blood cells to their total mass.

Nowadays, laboratories use computer technologies that make it possible to calculate the percentage of deviation from the established norm. The calculation results are presented in the form of a histogram depicting a curve that indicates probable changes in the dimensions of red blood cells.

Normal indicators

The norms of the erythrocyte distribution index depend on gender, age and the presence of certain conditions that occur in the human body. For children under one year of age, the normal rate is 11.5-18.7%. At one year of age and older, the values tend to the generally accepted norm of 11.5-14.5%.

For the female half of humanity, the upper limit shifts to 15.5%, since their hormonal levels change too often: during pregnancy, lactation, taking oral contraceptives, menopause.

For analysis, blood is taken on an empty stomach in the morning (before 9 am). It is very important that before this procedure the person does not take any medications and is in a balanced internal state.

Raising RDW

The RDW level can be elevated in some situations. The most common cause of this pathology is iron deficiency anemia. The indicator can change at different stages of pathology development, which is clearly reflected in the histogram of red blood cells:

The initial stage of anemia development is characterized by normal indices, but hemoglobin will be greatly reduced. This is the result of healthy functioning of the spinal cord.
The next stage of development in the histogram will show an increase in RDW. When there are problems with hemoglobin, indicators such as the average concentration and content of hemoglobin in a blood cell and the average volume of red cells decrease.

When treating IDA, it is necessary to normalize the level of concentration of iron-containing protein and its characteristics in the human blood.

What do the reduced numbers mean?

Patients often ask what this means: “red blood cell distribution index is reduced.” Since the erythrocyte distribution index cannot be assessed without a volume indicator, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with all the options for underestimated indicators and their relationship:

RDW is low and MCV is below average - indicating problems with the spleen and liver.
RDW is lowered, and MCV is higher than the normal level - indicates the presence of oncological pathologies, mainly the development of metastases in the bone marrow.

The fact that the erythrocyte distribution index RDW sd is reduced, from a biological point of view, cannot, in principle, be observed. For this reason, most often the patient is offered to donate blood again, observing the following conditions:

stop smoking and drinking alcohol for 24 hours before blood sampling;
do not take any medications before the analysis;
Avoid eating smoked and salty foods the day before.

In the case when the erythrocyte distribution index RDW sd is indeed reduced, which is necessarily confirmed by deviations from the norm in the MCV indicator, then this indicates the occurrence of certain pathologies. These include:

Hypochromic microcytic anemia - sometimes also called anemia. A condition in which irregularly shaped red blood cells die because they have no biological value in the body.
Malignant tumors - usually in this case we are talking about mastopathy, bone marrow and lung cancer.
Hemolysis of red blood cells is a process during which red blood cells die without reaching their target. As a result, active hemoglobin is released.

Causes

So, the erythrocyte distribution index is reduced - what does this mean? There are several reasons that can reduce the RDW indicator:

Acute blood loss due to injuries and pathological bleeding.
Frequent operations.
A metabolic disorder during which the food consumed is not completely digested.
Hormonal imbalance, which most often occurs in women.
Deficiency of B vitamins and iron in the body.
Blood diseases characterized by rapid destructive processes.

What measures to take?

What to do when the red blood cell distribution index is low?

A highly qualified doctor during a consultation will most likely ask the patient to take the test again, because the RDW indicator is almost never underestimated. Because this suggests that all cells are ideal in their parameters, but this cannot happen in principle. If the indicator is confirmed by repeated analysis, then a full examination of the body’s condition is carried out, paying special attention to oncological examinations.

Preventive measures

You can prevent a reduced RDW by following these simple rules:

The diet should be balanced, which includes plenty of fresh fruits, lean meats and vegetables.
It is recommended to breathe fresh air as often as possible.
An active lifestyle will help prevent a decrease in the RDW index.
It is very important not to skip routine medical examinations, during which most often serious deviations from the norm are detected that do not have external symptoms.

As a result, we learned that the red blood cell distribution index reflects their dimensions relative to each other and makes it possible to learn about their biological value. A decrease in RDW is very rare, but if the erythrocyte distribution index is decreased, this means that various pathologies may be present.

The index is calculated based on the results of a general blood test, but can only be fully valid in conjunction with the MCV indicator, since they are closely interrelated.

Reduced RDW: pathology and norm

Why is RDW needed?

The more cells die, the more bilirubin and iron are released, which in turn represents an increased load on the liver, which will malfunction, unable to cope with the processing of these substances.

We suggest watching a video on the topic

How is it determined?

It is determined using a mathematical formula, in the form of a ratio of modified erythrocytes that exceed the maximum allowable volumes to the total mass of erythrocytes.

What do the results depend on?

Index Variations

For a more detailed in-depth study of the erythrocyte distribution index, two values are considered:

RDW-SD - defines the standard deviation from the norm, expressed in femtoliters. The indicator is in no way related to MCV, since it shows the quantitative value of the difference between the largest and smallest cells.
RDW-SV - shows how much the volume of red blood cells differs from the average. It is defined as the percentage of all deformed cells to the total red blood cell mass.

What do the low values mean?

Since it is impossible to fully evaluate RDW without MCV, all options for lower values should be considered when relating these two indices:

RDW is low and MCV is below average - a problem with the liver and spleen.
RDW is low and MCV is higher than normal - the presence of cancer, mainly with metastases in the bone marrow.

do not smoke or drink alcohol 24 hours before blood sampling;
do not use medications before analysis;
limit the intake of salty and smoked foods the day before.

In the case when RDW is truly below normal, as confirmed by unsatisfactory tests of its “colleague” MCV, this may indicate the development of diseases such as:

Microcytic anemia is colloquially known as “anemia,” when red blood cells quickly die due to irregular shapes, not representing any biological value for the body.
Malignant neoplasms - usually concerns diseases such as mastopathy, bone marrow cancer and lung cancer.
Extensive hemolysis is a process in which red blood cells are destroyed before they reach their target. As a result, active hemoglobin is released.

Causes

There are a number of reasons that could trigger the development of such a manifestation, such as reduced RDW:

Large blood loss in traumatism and pathological bleeding. The most dangerous are uterine and gastric internal bleeding, in which blood is lost at a rapid pace, reducing the chances of survival.
Frequent surgical interventions, especially when removing an organ or part of it.
Incorrect metabolism, in which the food consumed is not completely digested and assimilated, but is partially or completely subjected to the processes of fermentation and putrefaction.
Hormonal imbalance, which is more common among the female half of the population.
Lack of iron and B vitamins in the body.
Blood pathologies, which are characterized by rapid destructive processes, as a result of which red blood cells completely lose their biological functions.

How does it manifest?

A patient with a low RDW will have all the symptoms of anemia:

lethargy and apathy;
fast fatiguability;
frequent dizziness, especially with sudden movements;
constant fatigue even after a long rest;
severe shortness of breath with the addition of a chesty dry cough for no reason;
increased heart rate (tachycardia);
increased blood pressure (if overweight).

The nerve cells responsible for all impulses in the body will begin to suffer first, which is where the above symptoms appear.

What to do?

Prevention

This process can be prevented by following simple rules:

Eat a balanced diet, including plenty of fresh vegetables, fruits and lean meats.
Be outdoors more often.
To live an active lifestyle.
Do not neglect routine medical examinations, where, according to statistics, serious pathologies that have no external signs are most often detected.

This percentage is relative, therefore in many cases it is not calculated with a detailed blood test.

The erythrocyte distribution index is reduced: what does this mean and what to do? Reduced RDW: pathology and norm

Red blood cell distribution index (RDW) is a very important factor during a complete blood count. This indicator shows the size and shape of red blood cells.

Reduced RDW: norm and pathology

What does RDW mean in a blood test?

During a general blood test, the erythrocyte distribution index is determined. If the presence of a specific disease is suspected, a blood test is prescribed to determine only this indicator.

Why is it necessary to do an RDW analysis?

When a large number of red blood cells die, iron is released and more bilirubin becomes available, which puts increased stress on the liver, and as a result, it cannot process these substances.

How is it calculated?

Normal indicators

For the female half of humanity, the upper limit shifts to 15.5%, since their hormonal levels change too often: during pregnancy, lactation, taking oral contraceptives, menopause.

Raising RDW

The initial stage of anemia development is characterized by normal indices, but hemoglobin will be greatly reduced. This is the result of healthy functioning of the spinal cord.
The next stage of development in the histogram will show an increase in RDW. When there are problems with hemoglobin, indicators such as the average concentration and content of hemoglobin in a blood cell and the average volume of red cells decrease.

When treating IDA, it is necessary to normalize the level of concentration of iron-containing protein and its characteristics in the human blood.

What do the reduced numbers mean?

RDW is low and MCV is below average - indicating problems with the spleen and liver.
RDW is lowered, and MCV is higher than the normal level - indicates the presence of oncological pathologies, mainly the development of metastases in the bone marrow.

stop smoking and drinking alcohol for 24 hours before blood sampling;
do not take any medications before the analysis;
Avoid eating smoked and salty foods the day before.

Hypochromic microcytic anemia - sometimes also called anemia. A condition in which irregularly shaped red blood cells die because they have no biological value in the body.
Malignant tumors - usually in this case we are talking about mastopathy, bone marrow and lung cancer.
Hemolysis of red blood cells is a process during which red blood cells die without reaching their target. As a result, active hemoglobin is released.

Causes

So, the erythrocyte distribution index is reduced - what does this mean? There are several reasons that can reduce the RDW indicator:

Acute blood loss due to injuries and pathological bleeding.
Frequent operations.
A metabolic disorder during which the food consumed is not completely digested.
Hormonal imbalance, which most often occurs in women.
Deficiency of B vitamins and iron in the body.
Blood diseases characterized by rapid destructive processes.

What measures to take?

What to do when the red blood cell distribution index is low?

Preventive measures

You can prevent a reduced RDW by following these simple rules:

The diet should be balanced, which includes plenty of fresh fruits, lean meats and vegetables.
It is recommended to breathe fresh air as often as possible.
An active lifestyle will help prevent a decrease in the RDW index.
It is very important not to skip routine medical examinations, during which most often serious deviations from the norm are detected that do not have external symptoms.

The index is calculated based on the results of a general blood test, but can only be fully valid in conjunction with the MCV indicator, since they are closely interrelated.

Distribution width of red blood cells in a blood test

Many of us, when donating blood for tests, only know in general terms what this study shows. Hemoglobin, sugar level, leukocytes, red blood cells. But in laboratory conditions, not only the quantity of various blood components is determined, but also their quality, saturation, volume and even shape. Few people know what the width of the distribution of red blood cells means. It's time to improve your horizons in the field of medical examinations and expand your knowledge in the analysis of clinical tests.

One of the indicators that allows us to assess the condition of erythrocytes is the width of the distribution of erythrocytes RDW. Using this erythrocyte index, the presence of red blood cells of different volumes in the blood, the area of their distribution and the range of differences between the largest and smallest erythrocytes are determined. Usually, blood cells are homogeneous and equal in volume, but over the years or the appearance of certain pathologies, there is a discrepancy between the cells. There are some diseases that can be detected at an early stage using the RDW CV test.

What is red blood cell distribution width RDW?

Of course, the basis of blood is erythrocytes or red blood cells. This is why our blood is red. Red blood cells have very important responsibilities in the body: saturate it with oxygen, maintain acid and alkaline balance and isotonia, remove CO 2 (carbon dioxide) from organs and tissues, and much more. Hemoglobin, which is a significant part of the red blood cell, performs similar functions. Therefore, when taking a clinical blood test, some erythrocyte indices are checked, one of them is the erythrocyte distribution width (RDW). This parameter represents the level of heterogeneity of red cells, as well as how different red blood cells are from each other. RDW is measured by a special hematology device, the result is recorded as a percentage.

The normal RDW for an adult is considered to be 11.5-14.5%, and for children under 6 months the norm is set in the range of 14.9-18.7%, and after 6 months - 11.6-14.8%.

For example, if the width of the distribution of red blood cells is increased, this means that the cells greatly exceed each other in size, their life span is significantly reduced, and the overall number of cells is disrupted. When the width of the distribution of red blood cells is below normal, this indicates slow blood formation and may indicate the presence of anemia (anemia) of any degree.

Any deviation from the norm can lead to various problems and diseases, depending on their nature and severity, and are the basis for additional examination and identification of the cause. But, in any case, the only correct conclusion can only be made by a qualified, experienced specialist.

When downgraded

If a low RDW value is detected in a blood test, then most likely you will be sent to retake the test, since the analytical device can only record normal and high levels. This situation is extremely rare, and the doctor usually notes the development of anemia. However, sometimes the RDW CV may be reduced due to:

oncology;
the occurrence of myeloma or leukemia;
destruction or damage of red blood cells with the release of hemoglobin (hemolysis).

The main reasons when the width of the distribution of red blood cells by volume is below normal:

lack of iron in the body;
lack of certain vitamins;
large (prolonged) blood loss;
pathological erythrocyte breakdown.

At the first manifestations of anemia, a person begins to feel unwell, is prone to fainting and shortness of breath, and the skin becomes too pale. In this case, you need to consult a doctor for advice, especially if the width of the distribution of red blood cells is below the norm in a child.

The width of the distribution of red blood cells by volume is increased

The condition when RDW is significantly higher than normal is called anisocytosis. As already mentioned, this is not an independent disease, but only a factor of some specific cause.

When the distribution width of erythrocytes by volume is increased, this means that red blood cells are different in their diameter, there are normocytes with a diameter of 7-9 microns, microcytes - up to 6.9 microns, macrocytes - from 8 microns, and megacytes - from 12 microns.

Erythrocyte anisocytosis has 3 degrees of severity:

I degree - when 30-50% of all blood cells have a different size;
II degree - in % of erythrocytes the diameter is changed;
III degree - more than 70% of all blood cells are transformed.

When the relative width of the distribution of red blood cells by volume is increased, red blood cells live a very short life, and with a large number of destroyed red blood cells, a lot of iron and bilirubin accumulate. These substances subsequently enter the liver for modification and processing. Thus, the organ is heavily overloaded, so it does not perform its other functions well.

In addition, the spleen increases in size, which is responsible for getting rid of destroyed blood cells and replenishing new ones. In such a situation, the load on the spleen is simply enormous, so much so that nearby neighboring organs, such as the stomach or intestines, may be damaged.

The main reasons for increased distribution width of erythrocytes in volume:

acute liver diseases;
Lack of vit. A and B12;
iron deficiency and folate deficiency anemia;
oncological formations;
alcoholism;
leukocytosis;
hemolytic crisis.

Also, the width of the distribution of erythrocytes in terms of volume above normal occurs in synthetic poisoning, diseases of the heart and blood vessels, and bone marrow metaplasia.

Symptoms of anisacytosis

Due to the negative effect on the liver and spleen, a patient with a similar phenomenon may experience a yellowish skin color.

Another obvious sign is increased sweating, fatigue and drowsiness, weakness and loss of strength, and inability to perform prolonged work.

The nervous system may also be shaken, a person may be too excited in places, or, on the contrary, may seem indifferent and aloof.

In addition, the patient often experiences a rapid heartbeat, even in a state of calm, and shortness of breath.

Eyeballs, skin and nails become unhealthily pale.

Treatment of this condition usually comes down to eliminating the factors and causes of the appearance of differently sized cells. Sometimes, it’s enough to change your lifestyle a little, stick to the recommended diet and stop taking medications that contribute to a drop in Vit. B 12 in the body so that red blood cells return to normal.

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW)

A blood test can determine not only the quantitative, but also the qualitative composition of the blood. The size, shape, color and volume of cells are additional criteria for diagnosing diseases. Sometimes in a general analysis, in addition to red, white, flat cells, RDW is indicated, which means the distribution of red blood cells in width.

What is RDW in blood test?

The color of our blood is given by red cells - red blood cells. They are shaped like a disk, concave in the middle on both sides. They are produced by red bone marrow. The composition of the cells contains hemoglobin - this is a protein that takes part in metabolism. It binds oxygen in the lungs, then delivers it to the tissues.

Normally, all red blood cells have the same size, shape, and color, so that if necessary, one cell can replace another and perform the same functions. In various diseases, some red blood cells increase in size. Large cells cannot pass into the narrow lumen of the capillaries, blood circulation is disrupted, so the body utilizes unnecessary elements.

RDW is an index that shows the ratio of healthy and enlarged red blood cells by diameter. 2 RDW indicators are determined:

RDW CV – distribution of erythrocytes by value in percentage;
RDW SD - determines the difference between the smallest and largest red blood cells.

Analysis on RDW

An RDW test shows anisocytosis of red blood cells, that is, the presence of red cells of irregular size. In addition to normocytes, in anisocytosis there are:

Microcytes – their diameter is less than 7 microns;
Macrocytes – diameter from 8 to 12 microns;
Megalocytes – more than 12 microns.

When red blood cells differ greatly in size from normal blood cells, anisocytosis is diagnosed. Depending on which cells predominate, microcytosis, macrocytosis and a mixed state occur.

RDW is determined in a general clinical analysis, which is performed routinely, at diagnosis or before surgery.

The value of the indicator needs to be known in case of suspected anemia, differential diagnosis of various types of disease, as well as to control the quality of treatment.

Blood is taken from a finger in the morning on an empty stomach. The laboratory calculates the degree of decrease or increase in RDW. The laboratory assistant can do this manually or on a modern hematological analyzer. On the device, the study shows more accurate values, the result is determined faster.

When the level of anisocytosis is elevated, a retake for analysis with a histogram is required, since the width of the distribution of erythrocytes changes frequently and quickly.

Normal RDW in blood test

The normal RDW value is independent of age and sex differences in adults. In newborns and older children, this figure may normally be slightly higher than in adults.

RDW rate table in percentage:

There are several degrees of anisocytosis:

I degree - a slight increase, large and small red blood cells are in the range of 30-50%;
II degree – moderate increase: from 50% to 70%;
III degree – marked increase in anisocytosis: more than 70%;
IV degree - almost all red blood cells are changed.

Analyzers count the number of red cells of different sizes per 1 µl of blood, as well as the deviation in size by degrees. In addition to RDW - the width of the spread of erythrocytes in diameter, - a study is used on MCV - the distribution of red cells by volume. Knowledge of the second indicator is necessary for a more accurate diagnosis.

Increased RDW values

An increase in the RDW index from the normal value indicates that diseases are present in the body. If the distribution width of erythrocytes is increased, this means that most of the red cells have deformed and changed. The life span of such cells is reduced, which affects the total number of red blood cells in the body: the indicator goes down.

RDW is elevated in a blood test for the following diseases:

Anemia with iron deficiency;
Anemia with a deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid;
Hemolytic anemia - a decrease in hemoglobin occurs due to the premature destruction of red blood cells;
Chronic liver diseases;
Oncology with liver metastases;
Leukemia;
Blood transfusion;
Alcoholism;
Lead toxicity;
Alzheimer's disease - neurodegenerative changes with loss of short-term and long-term memory.

A change in the diameter distribution of red cells may also indicate cardiovascular pathology and the development of cardiac ischemia.

RDW in blood test is reduced

A decrease in the width of the distribution of erythrocytes below normal practically does not occur. With some types of anemia, it may remain within normal values:

Aplastic anemia – bone marrow stem cells are affected, causing blood cells to not mature and grow;
Posthemorrhagic anemia – after bleeding;
Anemia in chronic diseases;
Spherocytosis - red cells take on the shape of a ball and are quickly destroyed (a type of hemolytic anemia);
Thalassemia is a hereditary disease in which red blood cells are deformed and is dangerous due to the development of a hemolytic crisis;
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disease, a cell defect does not allow hemoglobin to bind in full, the cells elongate in shape and resemble a sickle, which can lead to blockage of blood vessels throughout the body.

Since there are a great many different types of anemia, in medicine the RDW index plays a vital role in diagnosing diseases. The indicator is also determined to monitor the effectiveness of treatment in order to, if necessary, make changes to treatment measures without causing complications and serious consequences.

An increase or decrease in the erythrocyte distribution index - what does this mean?

One of the main indicators when conducting a blood test is the red blood cell distribution index (RDW), which helps determine the size and shape of red blood cells.

Under normal conditions, their shapes and sizes are the same, this contributes to rapid gluing and the formation of clots (if necessary).

If the cell parameters are very different (the level is increased or decreased), then this may signal the occurrence of pathology.

What kind of index is this?

The basis of human blood are cells that form in bone marrow tissue. They are divided into white and red cells and blood platelets.

Erythrocytes are red blood cells, which give human fluid its corresponding color.

They perform the function of transporting oxygen to every cell of the body, while taking away toxic substances and carbon dioxide that have accumulated in the cells.

Normally, red blood cells are identical, that is, they have the same shape, color and size. It is on this indicator (MCV) that the normal functioning of red blood cells depends.

If the doctor suspects that the patient’s blood cell size may change, the doctor writes a referral for a general blood test.

The RDW indicator is set not by the doctor, but by the laboratory assistant. RDW as a result of the analysis is a violation of the size distribution of red blood cells. An abnormal change in the characteristics of red blood cells is called anisocytosis.

If the size of blood cells is increased, then the need for nutrition increases, so their life span is short. This has a negative impact on human health.

The more red blood cells that die, the more the liver is stressed, as it has to process more iron and bilirubin.

Normally, in the human body, normal and altered red blood cells have a ratio of 5 to 1.

An increase in the number of pathological red blood cells can be suspected by such signs as anemia, fatigue, shortness of breath, and bluish skin.

The occurrence of this condition can be caused by a lack of vitamins, iron, problems with the functioning of bone marrow tissue, and blood cancer. Treatment will depend on the cause and will consist of eliminating it.

The determination of RDW is carried out in combination with other indicators at the beginning of diagnosis.

The analysis can be carried out either routinely during a medical examination or urgently - before surgical intervention.

For some patients, regular testing may be done to monitor the results of treatment.

Blood tests and interpretation of results

In medical practice, there are two types of RDW - RDW-CV and RDW-SD, which are able to determine the variation in red blood cell size.

The first indicator is interpreted as the relative width of the distribution of red cells throughout the volume, that is, it is the coefficient of variation.

RDW-CV in a blood test is influenced by MCV, with changes in which there is a tendency for the level to increase.

It turns out that this indicator indicates how much the volume of red blood cells differs from the average. Measured as a percentage, the normal level ranges between 11.3 - 14.3%.

The red cell coefficient RDW-SD in a general blood test is interpreted as the relative width of red blood cells by volume, but at the same time marks the standard deviation.

We can say that it reveals how red blood cells differ in size and volume, that is, it measures the difference between the smallest and largest blood cells.

This indicator does not depend on MCV and is measured in femtoliters. The normal level is noted at 40 - 45 fl.

The differences between the RDW indices are that RDW-SD is accurate when there are a small number of macrocytes and microcytes, while RDW CV is less sensitive, but it detects general changes in the characteristics of blood cells.

Many diseases can be diagnosed at the initial stage of development using RDW blood tests.

Precisely for the reason that the development of various types of pathologies or the absence thereof is influenced by volume, the number and presence of red blood cells are characteristic, the volume of which is significantly increased.

Modern medical laboratories use computer equipment that can determine the percentage deviation from the normal level without manually calculating the indicator.

The obtained data is presented in the form of a histogram. The norm of the indicator depends on the age criterion, gender, and physiological characteristics of the person.

So, for a child under one year old, the indicator should be 11.3 - 17.9%. In an adult and a child over a year old, the level stops at the accepted figure of 11.3 - 14.3%, however, in females, the upper limit can increase to 15.3% due to frequent hormonal imbalances.

Blood for analysis is collected in the morning on an empty stomach. Before submitting the material, you should not drink alcohol or take medications; rest and quiet are recommended.

RDW Level Up

The RDW level in a blood test may be elevated in some situations. The most common cause of this pathology is iron deficiency anemia.

At the same time, at different stages of development, the indicator will change, which is clearly visible in the histogram of erythrocyte indicators.

At the initial stage of anemia development, all indices fluctuate within normal limits, but the hemoglobin level will be significantly underestimated. This indicates healthy functioning of the spinal cord.

At the next stage of development, the histogram shows an increased level of RDW. If there are problems with the formation of hemoglobin, there is a decrease in indicators such as the average volume of red cells, the average concentration and content of hemoglobin in the blood cell.

When treating iron deficiency anemia, the entire action is aimed at normalizing the level of concentration of iron-containing protein and its characteristics in human blood.

This effect can be achieved by taking medications containing iron.

If the RDW level is increased as a result of a blood test, then the process of heterogeneity of all red cells is isolated, that is, the content in the blood of red cells varying in volume or different types of their population.

This can occur after a donor blood transfusion.

The main reasons that provoke an increase in RDW levels:

lack of folic acid in the body;
chronic liver diseases;
pathologies of the cardiovascular system;
development of dementia;
oncological diseases;
lack of vitamins;
anemia of various etiologies, for example, microcytic;
blood transfusions;
alcoholism;
heterogeneous clonal diseases;
spread of metastases to the spinal cord;
intoxication of the body with heavy metals, such as lead;
microspherocytosis;
bone marrow metaplasia;
other pathological conditions.

Only a specialist in a medical institution can determine the exact root causes.

Reducing RDW Level

To understand the reasons for the reduced RDW indicator, it is necessary to reconsider two variations of the low indicator in the ratio of two indices - RDW and MCV.

The first situation is RDW is low and MCV is below average. This signals pathologies of the liver or spleen.

The second is that RDW is low and MCV is higher than normal—the development of malignant neoplasms, probably with metastasis to the bone marrow tissue.

A decrease in the distribution of red cells does not manifest itself symptomatically, therefore in traditional medicine, if a very low level is detected, a repeat blood test is almost always prescribed, but subject to the following mandatory conditions:

do not drink alcoholic beverages;
no smoking;
do not take medications;
exclude fatty, fried, salty, spicy and smoked foods from the diet;
limit physical activity.

If, upon receiving a repeated analysis result, it turns out that the RDW and MCV indicators are unsatisfactory, then this may signal the development of the following pathologies:

hypochromic anemia - so-called anemia caused by premature death of red blood cells;
oncological pathologies – breast cancer, spinal cord;
extensive hemolysis is a disease in which red blood cells are destroyed so early that they do not provide any benefit to the human body.

Reasons that can provoke a decrease in RDW:

loss of a significant amount of blood from wounds and injuries. The most dangerous internal bleeding is uterine and gastrointestinal, which poses a risk not only to the health, but also to the life of the patient;
surgical interventions, especially due to resection;
pathologies of the digestive system, in which food is not fully digested, but provokes the process of rotting;
hormonal fluctuations;
avitaminosis;
blood diseases.

It is possible to prevent a decrease in the red blood cell distribution index, and this is quite simple to do.

Secondly, it is necessary to devote more time to active sports - jogging, cycling, and even walking in the fresh air will bring great benefits to the body.

Do not ignore the need to visit a medical facility for a routine examination.

According to statistics, it is during routine examinations that many diseases that do not manifest symptoms are diagnosed.

During the study, various components of the blood are determined, or rather, their quantity.

Red blood cells are blood cells whose task is to:

maintaining acid-base balance;
removal of various amino acids from plasma;
isotonic support;
oxygen saturation;
removal of carbon dioxide from cells and tissues of the body.

It is quite clear that disturbances in the quantitative content of red blood cells of various etiologies lead to various diseases of the human body as a whole. The main component of a red blood cell is hemoglobin.

Blood analysis

When testing blood in laboratory conditions, regardless of its purpose, the first step is to study the level of leukocytes, as well as hemoglobin saturation:

with an increased content of leukocytes, blockage of small vessels may occur,
If there are insufficient numbers of red blood cells, oxygen starvation may occur.

When analyzing, concepts such as the average volume of erythrocytes, hemoglobin content in one erythrocyte, and hemoglobin concentration are distinguished. Also an important indicator is the width of the distribution of red blood cells, whether it is increased.

Increased distribution width of red blood cells

The width of the distribution in a healthy person is equal to 11.5 to 14.5 percent. When this indicator increases, that is, when the distribution width increases, the red blood cells differ greatly from each other in size. The increased size of red blood cells shortens their lifespan, which of course negatively affects the total number of red blood cells in the blood.

As is known, with a fairly large destruction of red blood cells, as a result of which a large amount of iron and the yellow pigment bilirubin are formed in the blood, which enters the liver for further processing. The liver, under this load, cannot fully cope with the processing of iron, which also has an adverse effect on human health. Also, the width of the distribution of red blood cells, when increased, affects the work of the spleen, leading it to increase in size, due to the fact that the spleen removes “non-working” red blood cells from the body and releases new ones into the blood.

This increased functionality of the spleen can affect the organs nearby. Due to a significant increase, the latter can crush the stomach and intestines. With pressure on the lung, the development of various types of upper respiratory tract diseases is also possible.

With an increased distribution width of erythrocytes, one can, first of all, judge a disease called “iron deficiency anemia.” This disease is the most common among anemias. At different stages, the width of the distribution of erythrocytes is not increased equally. In the initial stages of the disease, the density indicator may be normal, but the hemoglobin content may be reduced.

As the disease progresses, the width of the distribution of red blood cells increases, that is, individual red blood cells increase in size. On the contrary, the hemoglobin content in red blood cells decreases, sometimes to a critical level. Treatment of this type of anemia primarily consists of normalizing hemoglobin levels and its characteristics. Treatment mainly occurs through medication using drugs with a high iron content.

As the width of the distribution of red blood cells increases, heterogeneity of red blood cells is often noticed, that is, red blood cells that differ greatly in size are observed in the blood. Also, the reasons for the increase in the width of the distribution of erythrocytes can be various kinds of chronic liver diseases, lack of vitamin B12, various types of neoplasms, cancer and other diseases.

Symptoms of increased red blood cell distribution width

When increased red blood cell distribution width develops, a variety of manifestations may occur.

For example, since in this case there is a significant effect on the liver and spleen, yellowing of the skin and an increase in body temperature may appear. As with any disease, sweating, loss of strength, drowsiness and fatigue are manifested. On the part of the human nervous system, both excitation and, conversely, more renounced states are possible. In any case, the symptoms cannot be specifically described, since changes in red blood cells affect many organs.

Consequently, a violation of the width of the distribution of erythrocytes can lead to diseases of varying nature and severity, since the human body is a rather complex system, with a number of interconnected organs and systems. Abnormal functioning of one of them can lead to a malfunction of the body as a whole.

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW index): what is it, normal, increased and decreased

To determine different populations of red blood cells, an indicator (erythrocyte index) is used - the width of the distribution of erythrocytes - RDW or the degree of anisocytosis of erythrocytes, which is included in the list of all components of the general blood test (CBC), that is, this parameter, as a rule, is not assigned independently and not tested in the laboratory.

So what does a red blood cell index like RDW mean, what information does it provide to specialists and what is it used for?

Distribution of red blood cells by volume

If you examine the red blood cells present in the blood of a patient suffering from a certain hematological pathology under a microscope, you will find that the red blood cells (Er) are not all the same in volume. Among all the anucleate biconcave forms, there may be cells that differ significantly in size from normal red blood cells:

Large cells are macrocytes;
Just giants - megalocites;
Lilliputian cells called microcytes.

And here you don’t have to be a specialist in this field to understand that red blood elements that have changed their volume will not be able to fully perform their physiological functions (transfer of oxygen and nutrients, regulation of water-salt metabolism and acid-base balance, participation in blood clotting, etc. .), which, naturally, will affect the overall health of the body.

Meanwhile, one should not attach too much importance if ugly forms are present in single copies; it is another matter if they claim an equal position with normal red blood cells. In order to find out how many bizarrely shaped red blood cells are in the general population, characteristic of a particular type of anemia, the width of the distribution of red blood cells (red blood cell index RDW) is calculated.

Many laboratory diagnosticians and hematologists take RDW as the coefficient of variation, indicating how much the mean red blood cell volume (MCV) deviates from the generally accepted norm, and calculate it using the formula:

where SD denotes the standard deviation of the average volume of red blood cells, and the MCV index corresponds to their average volume.

Can you always trust the norm?

The range of normal values for the distribution of red blood cells by volume varies from 11.5 to 14.5% (in children under six months of age, the norm is, in general, noticeably different and ranges from 14% to 18.7%, although from 6 months the values of the indicator are already begin to strive for the adult norm).

An increased RDW in a blood test indicates the degree of heterogeneity (heterogeneity) of the red cell populations in the blood or indicates the presence of multiple populations of blood cells in the sample, as occurs, for example, after a recent blood transfusion.

It is unlikely that the term “reduced RDW value” can be used when calculating the width of the distribution of erythrocytes, since this option reflects the norm, and therefore cannot be taken as a laboratory indicator characterizing some phenomenon unusual for these blood elements. The fewer unnatural forms (due to an increase or decrease in volume) of red blood cells in the blood, the more representatives of the population for this characteristic are within the normal digital values. And yet, if this happens (RDW - reduced), then most likely the analyzer made a mistake and in order to correct this mistake, the patient will have to provide a finger for a puncture again, and the laboratory staff will have to calibrate the device.

In addition, it should be taken into account that RDW, which is within the normal range, is not always proof of complete health, because in some cases the indicator of erythrocyte volume distribution is not increased, and clinical manifestations and laboratory tests confirm the presence of the disease (anemia).

Increased RDW ratio

An increased index is a quite suitable indicator even for the differential diagnosis of certain types of anemia; it allows one to distinguish between the following forms:

Megaloblastic and macrocytic, a typical representative is B12/folate/deficiency anemia. In the blood test: hyperchromia, average Er volume - above 160 fL, cell diameter more than 12 microns, RDW - increased (anisocytosis), different shape of erythrocytes (poikilocytosis);
Normocytic: aplastic anemia, as well as anemia caused by chronic pathology (tuberculosis, pyelonephritis, collagenoses, liver disease), a malignant process, or caused by dysfunction of the endocrine system;
Microcytic (iron deficiency anemia, in the blood test: hypochromia, anisocytosis towards microcytosis).

True, in such cases, in addition to RDW, the diagnosis also relies on another erythrocyte index - MCV, which characterizes a red blood cell as a normocyte (at 80 x / l - 100 x / l or 80 - 100 femtoliters), microcyte (at - below 80 fl), macrocyte (if the average volume is more than 100 fl).

In addition, when testing blood samples in order to calculate the values of erythrocyte indices (including RDW), it is very important to compare the results obtained with the histogram of erythrocytes, which, after completing their work, is usually issued by modern hematological systems with software.

Thus, an increased RDW with mean erythrocyte volume (MCV) values above 100 fL may indicate the following pathological conditions:

IDA (iron deficiency anemia) is the most common anemic condition (IDA accounts for up to 80% of the entire group of diseases of this kind)
Sideroblastic anemia (heterogeneous group of hypochromic microcytic anemias);
Macrocytic and megaloblastic anemia;
Myelodysplastic syndromes, which are a hematological pathology that unites a group of heterogeneous diseases with characteristic signs of a decrease in the number of individual populations of blood cellular elements (cytopenia) and a clonal disorder of hematopoiesis in the bone marrow (dysplasia). Myelodysplastic syndrome has a high risk of transformation into a malignant process;
Bone marrow metaplasia;
Metastases of malignant tumors to the bone marrow.

Obviously, for a certain range of pathological conditions, calculating the width of the distribution of erythrocytes has a very important diagnostic value.

Why is RDW a new indicator for patients?

Previously, until automated hematological systems entered the daily life of laboratory services, the degree of anisocytosis was determined visually by viewing a smear using optical equipment. And the red blood cell distribution width was not called RDW and was not calculated by a device designed for automatic hematological analysis. The calculation was made using a different method - using the Price-Jones curve, which, as it later turned out, did not coincide with the erythrocytometric curves performed by a “smart” machine with maximum accuracy, but it took a lot of effort and time from doctors and laboratory technicians to conduct the study. Now, having placed a sample in a “smart” device, no one asks him one question - to work only on a separate test. The analyzer will simply calculate everything that is provided for by the program and included in it, which is why patients began to see new indicators that were not there at all when processing samples manually.

And such studies were previously of interest mainly to hematologists to clarify the nature of anemia, who, if necessary, contacted the laboratory with a note in the direction: to conduct a morphological study of red blood cells, calculate and present graphically (erythrocytometric Price-Jones curve) the ratio of the number of red cells with different diameters. Of course, not all blood samples were subjected to such testing, but only samples taken from specific patients. Now, in principle, nothing has changed; a separate circle of specialists will most likely be interested in this indicator. Well, since RDW is present in the blood test, then patients have the right to ask questions.

Currently, the calculation of RDW in blood analysis is successfully performed by an automatic hematology analyzer, which quietly, quickly and efficiently solves the problem. And makes RDW to everyone.

The relative width of the distribution of erythrocytes by volume is increased or decreased

As a result of blood sampling, in order to exclude a particular disease in a person, doctors carry out the necessary research in laboratory conditions to identify pathologies in the collected plasma and its constituent cellular elements in the form of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. The described elements to perform their normal function are determined by typical sizes, volumes (CV) and shapes. Therefore, any change in these indicators can affect the vital activity and active functioning of cells and ultimately lead to various changes in homeostasis. Therefore, to be able to correctly evaluate the cells being described, an indicator was developed in the form of a certain index indicating the width of the distribution of red blood cells (rdw).

Using such an erythrocyte index, it is possible to determine in the hematopoietic system the presence of red blood cells of different volumes, their distribution and the scale of differences between the largest and smallest elements described. Often, the so-called blood cells have a homogeneous structure and a designated single volume, but over time or as a result of the emergence of certain pathologies in a person, some discrepancies may be observed between the cells.

Moreover, in nature there are diseases that can be detected at an early stage of their manifestation only through a blood test for the width of the distribution of erythrocytes - RDW CV.

What determines the width of the distribution of red blood cells

And so the term described is determined by a certain index, the use of which allows doctors to obtain information about the actual distribution of blood cells of various volumes and shapes. That is, when decoding this index, you can obtain information about the percentage of red blood cells in the hematopoietic system - the size and volume of these cells, which can be increased or decreased.

To fill existing blood cells with oxygen, blood particles need to have a secure passage even into the smallest vessels of the human body. That is why, both physiologically and in size, the described bodies must fit the so-called vascular openings.

If excessively large or very small described elements are formed in the hematopoietic system, this leads to all sorts of changes in the described structural units of the human body. As a result, a person needs to designate the cellular component of plasma by using an indicator in the form of RDW CV.

How is the study carried out and what is the norm for the width of the distribution of red blood cells?

Blood for the calculated distribution of the described cells is taken for research in view of:

Planned analysis;
Necessary diagnosis of certain pathological phenomena;
Surgical intervention in the human body;
The origin of the various etiologies of anemia.

It is precisely the last described pathological conditions that are a frequently encountered indicator indicating the need for certain blood tests. Moreover, the most modern methods of collecting blood from a person make it possible to carry out any examination of the hematopoietic system quite quickly and with high quality, giving a correct assessment of the condition of the red blood cells themselves.

The results of the tests will be negative if the described indicators are normal, and positive if the RDW level is high. And only with a repeated examination will the physician be able to explain to the patient the pattern and reasons for this increase, since it is impossible to establish a reliable diagnosis using a single blood sample. For example, after any operation, the described index is usually due to an increased level of RDW.

Blood for testing can be taken from a vein in an adult patient, or from a finger in children. When taking the test itself, the recommended last meal should be taken 7-8 hours before the test itself.

To determine the norm of the indicator, age, gender and certain physiological processes occurring in the human body are taken into account. For infants aged 0 to one year, an indicator ranging from 11.5 to 18.7% can be considered the defining value of the norm.

After the first year of life, the digital value of the index begins to approach the norm from 11.5 to 14.5%. In the representatives of the weaker sex, the upper indicator can shift and reach a digital value of 15.5%, as a result of hormonal changes in the body:

During pregnancy;
During lactation;
When using contraceptive means;
In view of the onset of menopause.

Important! Blood sampling should be done on an empty stomach. Before the study, you can not use any drugs inside.

In the process of in-depth study of the features of the distribution index of the described cells, it is customary to consider the following two values in the form:

RDW (SD) - an indicator that determines the standard type of deviation from the norm, is determined by femtoliters and indications of the quantitative difference between large and small cells;
RDW (SV) - indicates the existing differences in the volumetric value of the described elements and the established average indicators. It is revealed by the percentage correlation of cells that have succumbed to deformation to the mass of all erythrocytes.

Reasons for the increase

The described coefficient of blood cells is higher than normal with an increase in the percentage correlation between small and enlarged cells, in relation to the described elements having sufficient volume. Due to the so-called redistribution of iron-containing protein, which is the basis of blood cells, their smallest number begins to be synthesized in the body, which subsequently leads to the manifestation of various anemias, to anisocytosis - when the main part of the cells has characteristic differences from each other.

According to the foregoing, the main feature of such bodies is their sufficient size, as well as the period of life. As a result of their death, a decent amount of bilirubin is released, which has a very bad effect on all organs of the human body.

The coefficient that distributes blood cells by volume can be high, since there are:

Lack of components in the body such as iron, folic acid, vitamins belonging to group “B”. Such a condition may, not without reason, give a chance for the development of a disease such as anisocytosis, in which an increase in this index of elements of the hematopoietic system occurs;
Oncological diseases leading to the formation of red blood cells of various sizes and volumes in the hematopoietic system;
Intoxication with chemical elements in the form of heavy metals (such as lead).

All of the above signs of disease should be stopped with the use of professional therapy. Otherwise, they will seriously harm the body and lead to death.

Reasons for the decrease in the indicator

When RDW - CV is below normal, the existing elements of the hematopoietic system are indicated by the same sizes without any differences in cell volume. When the volume indicator under consideration is reduced, doctors most often diagnose a condition in the form of microcytosis, in which the elements present in the blood, indicated by small sizes, cannot fully saturate the tissues of the human body with oxygen.

Also, when the indicator decreases, a disease accompanied by the unification of the main blood elements of small sizes often occurs, along with a reduced RDW rate in the form of thalassemia. Which refers to diseases of a hereditary nature, and manifests itself as disturbances in the processes of synthesis of iron-containing protein chains, with reduced activation in relation to oxygen. In light of this, plasma is no longer able to participate in the process of gas exchange in a normal and adequate manner, which ultimately leads to a change in the functioning of existing organs in humans.

This disease is also characterized by changes in the morphological properties of blood cells, with inhibition of their growth and decreased activity. The clinical picture of this disease is caused by the deformation of the human skull, the growth of organs such as the liver and spleen, as well as the icteric color of the skin.

Also, with a reduced ratio of such blood cells, a disease called microspheracytosis, which is a hereditary disease, can develop. When such a disease appears in the hematopoietic system, there is an increase in the small size, a certain shape of red blood cells, along with a decrease in the RDW coefficient, due to their insufficient vital activity. As a result, intravascular cell death occurs and so-called hemolysis develops.

In this condition, a person feels weakness, anemia, and jaundice characteristic of this condition, along with changes in the activity of all organs of the human body.

If any of the above symptoms occur, you should immediately seek help from doctors and, for your own safety, conduct a complete examination of the entire body. Only in this way can you protect yourself, thereby preventing one or another possible already emerging disease.

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) norm (table). Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is increased or decreased - what does this mean?

Red blood cell distribution width or RDW, as this indicator is usually indicated in tests, allows you to estimate not only the number of red blood cells in the blood, but also the range of their distribution, as well as their size. From the biggest to the smallest and how different they are from each other. As a rule, identical blood cells are approximately equal in volume. And red blood cells are no exception. However, some pathologies upset this balance, and a discrepancy may appear between them, sometimes quite significant. Using the red blood cell distribution width index, or RDW, some diseases can be detected at their earliest stages, when there are no other signs yet.

Erythrocytes are red blood cells, which are the basis of blood. They contain hemoglobin, which transports oxygen throughout the body, maintain the acid-base balance of the blood, remove carbon dioxide from cells and perform other important functions. That is why special attention is paid to red blood cells when analyzing blood - they are studied and compared using several different indices. In particular, the width of the distribution of red blood cells is measured using a special hematological device that captures the impulses that red blood cells transmit. The stronger these impulses, the larger the red blood cells and vice versa. The measurement result is recorded as a percentage or in femtoliters - fl.

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is normal. Explanation of the result (table)

The test for the width of distribution of red blood cells is a mandatory component of a clinical blood test. This index is necessary in order to correctly interpret the results of the study and be able to diagnose anemia in a timely manner, while simultaneously differentiating between them. The distribution width of erythrocytes - RDW - is necessarily compared with their average volume - MCV, since it can often be within the established norm, while the erythrocytes themselves turn out to be too large or, conversely, too small, which in itself indicates the presence of pathology .

Blood is taken from a vein in adults and from a finger in children. In some cases, a hematological smear is used, but this test often produces incorrect results.

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is the norm for ordinary people and pregnant women:

If the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is increased - what does it mean?

If the width of the distribution of red blood cells exceeds 14.5%, this indicates that the sizes of red blood cells differ significantly from each other. There may be several options here. First of all, as already mentioned, it is also necessary to estimate the average volume of erythrocytes MCV, that is, the size of the average space occupied by each individual erythrocyte. If this indicator is also too high, then this may indicate the following pathologies:

liver diseases – this organ is responsible for removing harmful toxins from the body, at the same time it synthesizes important chemical compounds and performs various other functions,
hemolytic anemia is a pathological condition in which red blood cells are destroyed much earlier than their normal lifespan,
deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid.

If the RDW index is increased and the MCV index is decreased, then the reasons for this phenomenon may be the following:

iron deficiency anemia – due to iron deficiency, the body produces insufficient hemoglobin,
Thalassemia is a blood disease in which the synthesis of elements necessary for the production of hemoglobin is disrupted. In this case, the red blood cells fragment (break down into smaller parts), which leads to a decrease in their average size, while the width of the red blood cell distribution remains high.

If the RDW index is elevated, but the MCV remains within the normal range, then this may indicate a deficiency of folic acid or vitamin B12. Or - about the initial stage of iron deficiency anemia.

An increased level of the width of the distribution of erythrocytes indicates that the life span of erythrocytes is shortened, they are destroyed, excess bilirubin and iron are released into the blood. This overloads the liver and prevents it from performing its main functions, and also leads to an increase in the spleen, which has to work in emergency mode in order to utilize the remnants of destroyed red blood cells. This often leads to damage to the organs closest to it - the intestines and stomach. Due to problems with the liver and spleen, patients with elevated red cell distribution width often have an unhealthy yellowish skin tone.

If the distribution width of red blood cells (RDW) is reduced - what does it mean

If the distribution width of erythrocytes (RDW) is below 10.2%, this indicates that red blood cells do not differ significantly from each other in size. Here are two main reasons for this phenomenon:

macrocytic anemia is a blood disorder in which there is a shortage of red blood cells. They are synthesized, but their sizes are too large,
microcetic anemia is a blood disorder in which only abnormally small red blood cells are synthesized.

In both cases, red blood cells are almost the same size, which leads to low RDW.

Other reasons why the distribution width of red blood cells decreases:

oncological diseases,
myelosis or lymphoma,
destruction of red blood cells or their damage and release of hemoglobin,
deficiency of certain vitamins in the body,
iron deficiency,
massive blood loss.

However, it must be said that such a situation is quite rare and, as a rule, is the result of a laboratory error.

The erythrocyte distribution index is reduced: what does this mean and what to do? Reduced RDW: pathology and norm

Red blood cell distribution index (RDW) is a very important factor during a complete blood count. This indicator shows the size and shape of red blood cells.

Reduced RDW: norm and pathology

What does RDW mean in a blood test?

During a general blood test, the erythrocyte distribution index is determined. If the presence of a specific disease is suspected, a blood test is prescribed to determine only this indicator.

Why is it necessary to do an RDW analysis?

When a large number of red blood cells die, iron is released and more bilirubin becomes available, which puts increased stress on the liver, and as a result, it cannot process these substances.

How is it calculated?

Nowadays, laboratories use computer technologies that make it possible to calculate the percentage of deviation from the established norm. The calculation results are presented in the form of a histogram depicting a curve that indicates probable changes in the dimensions of red blood cells.

Normal indicators

For the female half of humanity, the upper limit shifts to 15.5%, since their hormonal levels change too often: during pregnancy, lactation, taking oral contraceptives, menopause.

Raising RDW

The initial stage of anemia development is characterized by normal indices, but hemoglobin will be greatly reduced. This is the result of healthy functioning of the spinal cord.
The next stage of development in the histogram will show an increase in RDW. When there are problems with hemoglobin, indicators such as the average concentration and content of hemoglobin in a blood cell and the average volume of red cells decrease.

When treating IDA, it is necessary to normalize the level of concentration of iron-containing protein and its characteristics in the human blood.

What do the reduced numbers mean?

RDW is low and MCV is below average - indicating problems with the spleen and liver.
RDW is lowered, and MCV is higher than the normal level - indicates the presence of oncological pathologies, mainly the development of metastases in the bone marrow.

stop smoking and drinking alcohol for 24 hours before blood sampling;
do not take any medications before the analysis;
Avoid eating smoked and salty foods the day before.

Hypochromic microcytic anemia - sometimes also called anemia. A condition in which irregularly shaped red blood cells die because they have no biological value in the body.
Malignant tumors - usually in this case we are talking about mastopathy, bone marrow and lung cancer.
Hemolysis of red blood cells is a process during which red blood cells die without reaching their target. As a result, active hemoglobin is released.

Causes

So, the erythrocyte distribution index is reduced - what does this mean? There are several reasons that can reduce the RDW indicator:

Acute blood loss due to injuries and pathological bleeding.
Frequent operations.
A metabolic disorder during which the food consumed is not completely digested.
Hormonal imbalance, which most often occurs in women.
Deficiency of B vitamins and iron in the body.
Blood diseases characterized by rapid destructive processes.

What measures to take?

What to do when the red blood cell distribution index is low?

Preventive measures

You can prevent a reduced RDW by following these simple rules:

The diet should be balanced, which includes plenty of fresh fruits, lean meats and vegetables.
It is recommended to breathe fresh air as often as possible.
An active lifestyle will help prevent a decrease in the RDW index.
It is very important not to skip routine medical examinations, during which most often serious deviations from the norm are detected that do not have external symptoms.

The index is calculated based on the results of a general blood test, but can only be fully valid in conjunction with the MCV indicator, since they are closely interrelated.

The circulatory system is an important component of the human body. The formed elements of blood circulate throughout the body, supplying nutrients. A specialist in general clinical blood testing can identify diseases of various body systems. The study analyzes the qualitative and quantitative properties of the bloodstream.

RDW in a blood test is a parameter of dimensional heterogeneity (anisocytosis) of red schistocytes by volume. The abbreviation RDW in general clinical analysis stands for Red Cell Distribution Width - the distribution of red blood cells by volume. The analysis reveals the presence of red blood cells, which differ in shape and volume. The standard size of red blood cells is 9-10 micrometers in diameter. However, certain diseases change the size of schistocytes.

Oxygen carriers

Attention! The average volume of red schistocytes depends on the erythrocyte distribution index. Based on their ratio, disorders of various etiologies are diagnosed.

In a general clinical blood test, there are two types of RDW - RDW-SD, showing the standard deviation from normal values, and RDW-CV (coefficient of variation), assessing the percentage distribution of red blood cells by volume. In women the indicator is constant, and in men it is variable. This is due to the greater prevalence of cancer and other diseases inherent in the male sex.

Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to every cell in the body. Cells need oxygen to grow, reproduce, and stay healthy. Large red schistocytes are a sign of pathological conditions.

What is analysis used for?

The RDW blood test is part of the complete blood count (CBC). Used to diagnose anemia, a condition in which red blood cells cannot carry enough oxygen throughout the body. The index is used to diagnose:

Thalassemia.
Cancer.
Diabetes.
Iron deficiency anemia.
Liver hepatopathy.

Thalassemia

What conditions require a blood test for RDW?

The doctor will prescribe a general clinical blood test during a standard routine examination or if there are:

Symptoms of anemia, including weakness, dizziness, pale skin, and hyperhidrosis.
Family history of thalassemia, sickle cell disease, or other inherited hemostatic disorder.
Chronic diseases: Crohn's disease, diabetes or HIV.
A diet low in iron and minerals.
Long-term infection.
Excessive blood loss caused by trauma or invasive intervention.

How is blood drawn?

The health worker will take a sample from a vein using a small needle. The needle is attached to the tube in which the sample is stored. When the tube is full, the needle is removed. Some patients feel a slight burning sensation after the injection, which lasts for 5-6 minutes. After the needle is removed, the patient will be given a bandage or piece of gauze to stop the bleeding.

Blood collection

How to prepare for analysis?

Blood tests do not require special preparation. Before blood sampling, you should not eat food 12 hours before the procedure and use psychotropic substances. Avoid taking liquids. The above factors can distort the results of the examination, which will affect the diagnosis by the attending physician.

RDW in a blood test: decoding, variations in the norm and pathology

Important! Deciphering the RDW indicator in a blood test is carried out by a trained health worker or doctor. You shouldn't self-diagnose. The data provided is provided for general development purposes.

Types of anemia in which the RDW parameter in a general blood test remains unchanged:

Hereditary spherocytosis.
Aplastic anemia.
Some types of hemoglobinopathies.

Range of normal distribution of red blood cells by volume and size:

RDW-SD: 39-46 fl (femtoliters).
RDW-CV: 10.9-15.6 in adults, 15.0-19.1% in children.

RDW-SD is a measurement of the difference in volume between the largest and smallest red blood cells detected.
The CV is calculated from the standard deviation as follows: coefficient. variation (%) = 1 standard deviation of red blood cell volume/MCVx100%.

There is a direct relationship between RDW and MCV (mean erythrocyte volume). Together, these two factors are used in the diagnosis of diseases of various etiologies.

Iron-deficiency anemia

RDW increased

If the RDV value increases and the average red blood cell volume decreases, this indicates sickle cell anemia or dietary iron deficiency. Aplastic anemia, chronic liver disease, chemotherapy, taking antiviral drugs or alcohol are causes of increased MCV. A normal relative width of red blood cell volume distribution in a complete blood count and a decrease in MCV may indicate posthemorrhagic anemia or heterozygous thalassemia. If both indicators are above normal, this indicates a deficiency of B vitamins or myelodysplastic syndrome. Immune hemolytic anemia manifests itself in a similar way.

Hypovitaminosis or vitamin deficiency B12 and B9 causes macrocytic anemia, in which the width of the distribution of red blood cells is increased to a large extent. However, RDW in a blood test is often elevated in iron deficiency anemia. In children and infants, a deficiency in the diet of B vitamins can lead to chronic anemia.

Hemoglobinopathy C, E are diseases in which the normal structure of the protein globule (hemoglobin) is disrupted. In these conditions, the blood cells are increased in size. Hemoglobin is responsible for transporting oxides in the body.

Hemoglobinopathy C

The RDW indicator in the blood test is reduced

If the width of the distribution of red blood cells by volume is below normal, then this indicates bone marrow carcinoma, but this condition is rare. With abundant blood loss or invasive intervention, the level of this indicator is also lowered. In some women, during menstruation, the hormonal background is disturbed, which can cause a decrease in the width of the distribution of red schistocytes.

Advice! Often the analysis produces a false positive result. This is due to the fact that many enlarged red blood cells, called macrocytes, appear in the blood. To eliminate errors and obtain reliable results, the Price-Jones curve can be used, but this method is not widely used among clinicians.

Detection of erythrocyte anisocytosis, its treatment and prevention of the disease

Red blood cell distribution index (RDW) is a very important factor during a complete blood count. This indicator shows the size and shape of red blood cells.

How is it calculated?

Normal indicators

For the female half of humanity, the upper limit shifts to 15.5%, since their hormonal levels change too often: during pregnancy, lactation, taking oral contraceptives, menopause.

Raising RDW

The initial stage of anemia development is characterized by normal indices, but hemoglobin will be greatly reduced. This is the result of healthy functioning of the spinal cord.
The next stage of development in the histogram will show an increase in RDW. When there are problems with hemoglobin, indicators such as the average concentration and content of hemoglobin in a blood cell and the average volume of red cells decrease.

When treating IDA, it is necessary to normalize the level of concentration of iron-containing protein and its characteristics in the human blood.

What do the reduced numbers mean?

RDW is low, and MCV is below average - indicates the presence of problems with the spleen and liver.
RDW is lowered, and MCV is higher than the normal level - indicates the presence of oncological pathologies, mainly the development of bone marrow metastases.

stop smoking and drinking alcohol for 24 hours before blood sampling;
do not take any medications before the analysis;
Avoid eating smoked and salty foods the day before.

Hypochromic microcytic anemia - sometimes also called anemia. A condition in which irregularly shaped red blood cells die because they have no biological value in the body.
Malignant tumors - usually in this case we are talking about mastopathy, bone marrow and lung cancer.
Hemolysis of red blood cells is the process during which red blood cells die before reaching their target. As a result, active hemoglobin is released.

Causes

So, the erythrocyte distribution index is reduced - what does this mean? There are several reasons that can reduce the RDW indicator:

Acute blood loss due to injuries and pathological bleeding.
Frequent operations.
A metabolic disorder during which the food consumed is not completely digested.
Hormonal imbalance, which most often occurs in women.
Deficiency of B vitamins and iron in the body.
Blood diseases characterized by rapid destructive processes.

What measures to take?

What to do when the red blood cell distribution index is low?

Preventive measures

You can prevent a reduced RDW by following these simple rules:

The diet should be balanced, which includes plenty of fresh fruits, lean meats and vegetables.
It is recommended to breathe fresh air as often as possible.
An active lifestyle will help prevent a decrease in the RDW index.
It is very important not to skip routine medical examinations, during which most often serious deviations from the norm are detected that do not have external symptoms.

The index is calculated based on the results of a general blood test, but can only be fully valid in conjunction with the MCV indicator, since they are closely interrelated.

What does a blood test for RDW mean? Interpretation and meaning of the RDW indicator in a general blood test

Reduced RDW: pathology and norm

Why is RDW needed?

How is it determined?

What do the results depend on?

Index Variations

What do the low values ​​mean?

Causes

How does it manifest?

What to do?

Prevention

Add a comment Cancel reply

Rdw in blood test is reduced

What it is

Norm

Interpretation and meaning of the RDW indicator in a general blood test

RDW value

Clinical use

Relation to MCV

Increased number of RDW

Normal RDW

What should be the normal RDW indicator?

Low RDW value

High MCV

Liver diseases

Hemolytic anemia

Megaloblastic anemia

Vitamin A deficiency

Low MCV

Decreased hemoglobin level

Thalassemia intermedia

Normal MCV

What does a blood test for RDW mean?

What it is

Norm

Why is an analysis ordered?

Relegation and promotion

How to prepare

Have questions? Ask them to us on VKontakte

Share your experience in this matter Cancel reply

Categories

Subscribe to our newsletter

Sign up to our newsletter

The erythrocyte distribution index is reduced: what does this mean and what to do? Reduced RDW: pathology and norm

Reduced RDW: norm and pathology

What does RDW mean in a blood test?

Why is it necessary to do an RDW analysis?

How is it calculated?

Normal indicators

Raising RDW

What do the reduced numbers mean?

Causes

What measures to take?

Preventive measures

Reduced RDW: pathology and norm

Why is RDW needed?

How is it determined?

What do the results depend on?

Index Variations

What do the low values ​​mean?

Causes

How does it manifest?

What to do?

Prevention

The erythrocyte distribution index is reduced: what does this mean and what to do? Reduced RDW: pathology and norm

Reduced RDW: norm and pathology

What does RDW mean in a blood test?

Why is it necessary to do an RDW analysis?

How is it calculated?

Normal indicators

Raising RDW

What do the reduced numbers mean?

Causes

What measures to take?

Preventive measures

Distribution width of red blood cells in a blood test

What is red blood cell distribution width RDW?

When downgraded

The width of the distribution of red blood cells by volume is increased

Symptoms of anisacytosis

What do the low values mean?

What do the low values mean?