Critical days fail. Pathologies that cause menstrual irregularities

The basis of women's health is a regular monthly cycle. There are times when he gets confused. The reasons for this phenomenon are varied. We will consider them further. Although it is best to immediately contact a qualified gynecologist if you have problems with your cycle. After all, self-medication can only harm your health.

Cycle

What is the monthly period of time from the onset of menstruation to the next one? The process of release of an egg ready for fertilization into the fallopian tube is called ovulation. It divides the monthly cycle into the follicular and luteal phases. And what is it? The follicular phase is the period when the follicle matures. Luteal period refers to the period of time from ovulation to the onset of menstruation.

For those girls whose cycle lasts 28 days, ovulation usually occurs on the fourteenth day from the beginning. After it, the woman’s estrogen levels drop. But during this period, bleeding has not yet occurred. Since the production of hormones is controlled by the corpus luteum. Strong fluctuations in estrogen in any direction during the period of ovulation can cause uterine bleeding between periods, before or after them.

Cycle calculation

Normally, the cycle length is 21-37 days. As a rule, for most girls it is 28 days. The duration of menstruation itself is approximately three to seven days. If you have missed your period for two or three days, no treatment is required. Since such a phenomenon is not a pathology. But if menstruation does not occur even seven days after the required period, then you need to consult a doctor.

How to calculate the cycle? The period of time between the first day of your period and the first day of your next period is the length of your cycle. In order not to make mistakes in the calculations, it is better to use a calendar on which to mark the beginning and end of menstruation.

Symptoms of failure

Let's now look at the signs of menstruation failure:

absence of menstruation;
shortening of the cycle (less than twenty days);
increase in time between periods;
the appearance of bloody discharge;
heavy or, conversely, scanty periods.

Another symptom of a malfunction is the duration of menstruation for more than seven days or less than three.

Adolescence and weight problems

Why was there a delay in menstruation or a cycle failure? There can be many reasons. During adolescence, the cycle often fails. This problem is quite common among girls. Since their hormonal levels are just beginning to be established. If more than two years have passed since the first menstruation, and the problems continue, then you should definitely go to the gynecologist.

Another reason for the failure of menstruation is severe weight loss (or, conversely, obesity). The body perceives fasting and extreme dieting as a sign that hard times have come. Therefore, it turns on natural defenses, resulting in a delay in menstruation. Rapid weight gain also negatively affects the body. As a result, the cycle may be disrupted.

Acclimatization

What other known causes of menstruation failure? Acclimatization. The cause of the failure is air travel, moving to another time zone. Stress for the body is a sudden change in climate. Usually the cycle is restored after the body gets used to new living conditions.

Hormonal disbalance

Every girl knows this phenomenon) - this is one of the main signs of problems with hormonal levels. This may be caused by problems in the pituitary gland, as well as the hypothalamus. In this case, you should contact an endocrinologist, he will conduct an examination, prescribe the necessary examinations, based on the results of which he will make a diagnosis.

Stress

A common cause of missed periods is stress. It often leads to cycle disruption. During stress, it produces excessive amounts of prolactin. Excess of it inhibits ovulation, resulting in delay. In this case, doctors recommend getting enough sleep and spending more time in the fresh air. A gynecologist may prescribe a sedative if your period fails due to stress. It can be valerian, Cyclodinone tablets and others.

Diseases and hormonal contraceptives

Diseases of the female organs also lead to disruption of menstruation. Often the cause of this is pathology of the cervix, inflammation of the uterus itself or the appendages. Another reason for the failure of menstruation is cysts and polyps. All such problems can be treated surgically.

Taking hormonal contraceptives or refusing them leads to disruption of the monthly cycle. In this matter, you should consult a doctor. You may need to take a break from taking oral contraceptives.

Pregnancy, lactation

Failure of menstruation after childbirth is also a fairly common occurrence. A similar problem after the baby is born and during breastfeeding is the norm. When lactation stops, the cycle should resume.

If severe pain occurs, consult a doctor immediately. Since the cause of this phenomenon can be an ectopic pregnancy. If it is not detected in time, it can lead to death due to painful shock and large blood loss when the fallopian tubes rupture.

Premenopause and abortion

Missed periods after 40 are not uncommon. A similar phenomenon may be a harbinger of menopause.

Abortions, regardless of whether they are spontaneous or forced, have a bad effect on the condition of the uterus and cause a delay in menstruation. Sometimes they even cause infertility.

Other reasons

Why is there a delay in menstruation? Also, the cause of this phenomenon may be diseases of the adrenal glands, thyroid gland or infectious diseases. In addition, bad habits (using drugs, alcohol, smoking), taking medications, vitamin deficiency and vaginal injuries lead to cycle failure.

When to see a doctor?

Under no circumstances should you delay visiting a specialist if:

Two years have passed since the beginning of menstruation, and the cycle has not yet established itself;
there is pain during ovulation. This symptom most likely indicates ovarian rupture;
There is copious bleeding. Normally, a girl loses no more than 250 ml of blood during menstruation. If it is more, then this is already a sign of hormonal imbalance. It must be treated with drug therapy;
there are regular cycle irregularities (its duration is less than three days or, conversely, exceeds seven days);
There is spotting before and after menstruation. This symptom indicates endometriosis.

Diagnostics

How is a patient with menstrual irregularities diagnosed? First, a survey and gynecological examination are carried out, during which all smears are taken. Also, the patient, if the diagnosis is not made, needs to undergo an ultrasound of the pelvic organs and an MRI. In addition, blood is donated for hormones. To clarify the diagnosis, the patient is prescribed hysteroscopy, as well as blood and urine tests.

Thanks to all these methods, it is possible to determine the reason why the cycle went wrong. Once the diagnosis is made, appropriate therapy is prescribed.

Treatment

First of all, the disease that led to the failure of the monthly cycle is treated. As preventive measures, doctors usually recommend to patients:

Healthy food;
eat foods rich in iron and protein three to four times a week;
sleep at least eight hours a day;
quit smoking and other bad habits;
take vitamins.

When teenage girls experience problems with their cycles, doctors often use vitamin therapy. The patient is prescribed to take ascorbic and folic acid.

For anemia, women are prescribed iron supplements.

If, in addition to the fact that a girl’s cycle is disrupted, she is diagnosed with infertility, then drugs such as Pergonal and Choriogonin are prescribed to stimulate the development of follicles.

When a patient has severe bleeding, but a bleeding disorder has been ruled out, doctors may prescribe hemostatic drugs. ε-aminocaproic acid is also prescribed.

Even with heavy bleeding, plasma infusion is performed. Sometimes even an infusion of donor blood is practiced.

The last resort for severe bleeding is surgery.

Hormonal drugs and antibiotics are also prescribed.

Failure of the monthly cycle. Possible complications

Remember that your health depends only on you! Therefore, you should not take lightly the fact that disturbances in the monthly cycle occur. Since such problems can lead to infertility. Frequent ones cause disability and fatigue.

Late detection of the pathology that caused the failure of menstruation can lead to very serious problems and death. Although this could have been avoided if he had consulted a doctor in time. Treatment should be carried out under the supervision of a qualified physician.

A little conclusion

Now you know for what reasons there can be failures in the cycle. As you can see, there are many of them. They can be quite serious. Therefore, if you have problems with your menstrual cycle, immediately contact your gynecologist.

Menstruation is a physiological process that normally occurs monthly in women. The duration of the menstrual cycle and the nature of menstruation are individual for each woman, this is due to the structural features of the body, the presence of any diseases of the female reproductive system, genetic characteristics and many other factors.

A healthy woman of childbearing age should have regular periods. The duration of the menstrual cycle (from the beginning of the previous menstruation to the first day of the next menstruation) should be approximately 28 - 35 days.

Why does menstruation occur? Every month, an egg matures in the body of a healthy woman. If fertilization does not occur, the egg is released.

A regular menstrual cycle is the main indicator of the normal functioning of the reproductive function of the body. In other words, a woman whose menstrual cycle is constant is able to conceive and carry a child.

Menstruation is a necessary process for the normal functioning of the female body. However, there are many reasons that can disrupt a woman’s menstrual cycle and cause changes in the nature of her periods. Let's take a closer look at why such violations can occur.

Reasons that can cause disruption in the menstrual cycle and the main clinical forms of disorders

Menstrual irregularities, as a rule, are a consequence of some pathology or arise as a result of the influence of unfavorable factors on reproductive function.

There are three main types of reasons that provoke disruption of the menstrual cycle:

pathological (cycle disruption due to the presence of diseases);
physiological (stress, diet, climate change, etc.);
medicinal (cycle disruption is caused by taking or stopping any medications).

Pathologies that can cause menstrual irregularities:

One of the main and most common causes of menstrual cycle disorders in women is ovarian pathology.
Disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary system.
Pathologies in the functioning of the adrenal glands.
Endometrial polyps.
Endometriosis.
Diseases of the uterus.
Oncological diseases.
Damage to the uterine cavity as a result of curettage or abortion.
Liver diseases.
Disturbances in the functioning of the hemocoagulant system.
Conditions after operations on the female reproductive system.
Genetic reasons.

As mentioned above, one of the types of reasons that can affect the regularity of menstruation is external factors. This includes work in hazardous industries, a change of place of residence, severe emotional shocks, drinking alcohol and smoking, an unbalanced diet, and sudden weight loss.

In addition, irregular periods are observed in women undergoing drug treatment with hormone therapy drugs, antidepressants, anticoagulants and others. That is why only a doctor should prescribe medications and monitor the patient’s condition during treatment.

The main clinical forms of menstrual cycle disorders are:

1. Cyclic changes in menstruation:

hypermenorrhea - an increase in the volume of menstrual flow with a normal duration of menstruation;
hypomenorrhea – scanty menstruation;
polymenorrhea - normal in terms of volume of menstruation lasting more than a week;
menorrhagia – a significant increase in the volume of menstrual flow, the duration of menstruation is more than 12 days;
oligomenorrhea – short menstruation (1-2 days);
opsomenorea – rare periods, the interval between which can reach 3 months;
proyomenorrhea - a menstrual cycle of less than 21 days.

2. Amenorrhea – absence of menstruation for more than 3 months.

3. Metrorrhagia (uterine bleeding):

occurring in the middle of the cycle (anovulatory);
dysfunctional (independent of the ovulation process).

4. Painful menstruation (algomenorrhea).

Diagnosis

In order to regulate the menstrual cycle and restore it, you first need to understand what caused the disturbances. To do this, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination, based on the results of which a specialist will be able to select the necessary treatment.

Diagnostics includes several stages:

Taking an anamnesis - you need to tell the doctor about all diseases, the number of births and abortions, medications taken, external factors that could affect the consistency of menstruation.
Gynecological examination and smear test.
Blood tests, including determination of hormones.
Additional tests prescribed by your doctor.

What can cause menstrual irregularities?

Many women do not consider an irregular menstrual cycle to be a big problem. However, such disorders can lead to infertility. Intermenstrual bleeding, for example, can cause apathy, fatigue, and decreased immunity.

How to deal with menstrual irregularities

After diagnosis, the doctor decides on the need for one or another method of therapy, this can be either conservative drug treatment or eliminating the causes of cycle disruption through surgical intervention. Often these two methods are combined during the treatment process.

To normalize the menstrual cycle, it is necessary to eliminate exactly the cause that led to the cycle failure, so anti-inflammatory drugs, hormonal contraceptives, and hemostatic drugs can be prescribed.

Restoring the menstrual cycle after childbirth

Separately, I would like to talk about restoring the menstrual cycle in women during the postpartum period. It is worth considering that menstruation has resumed only after the onset of the first menstruation. But even here you should not hope that the cycle will immediately become regular.

The changes that have occurred in the female body in connection with pregnancy and childbirth, including hormonal ones, can affect the stability, character, and pain of menstruation. Irregular periods are acceptable during the first 2-3 months from the moment they begin to return.

Women whose periods do not come 2 months after giving birth should be concerned, provided that the child is bottle-fed. If your baby is on a mixed diet, then menstruation may be absent for up to six months. Young mothers who breastfeed their baby may not wait for menstruation during the entire first year.

It takes time to restore the menstrual cycle. Often, disruptions in the menstrual cycle occur precisely because of the influence of external factors: try to avoid conflicts, stress, emotional experiences, eat right and get proper rest in the postpartum period.

If your periods after childbirth become more abundant or scanty, long-lasting or short-term, or more painful, you should immediately consult a gynecologist.

Those women who gave birth by caesarean section should be especially careful about the process of restoring menstruation. To avoid complications or identify them at the very beginning, it is necessary to constantly visit a gynecologist.

In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that identifying pathologies that cause menstrual irregularities in the early stages significantly increases the chance of getting rid of them. You should not self-medicate - this can only worsen the situation. Prescription of medications should be carried out only by a doctor, taking into account the diagnosis and medical history of the patient.

Replies

Rhythmically repeating, hormonally determined processes in the female body, accompanied by menstrual bleeding at certain time intervals, are called the menstrual cycle. During the menstrual cycle, the body undergoes changes aimed at providing the conditions necessary for the occurrence and course of pregnancy: the development and maturation of the egg, its fertilization and attachment to the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity. The formation of menstrual function refers to the puberty (puberty) period. As a rule, menarche (first menstruation) occurs at 11-14 years of age, after which the regularity of the menstrual cycle is established within 1-1.5 years.

Regulation of the menstrual cycle occurs under the influence of a complex neurohumoral mechanism carried out by the cerebral cortex, pituitary gland, hypothalamus, ovaries, with involvement of the vagina, uterus, and mammary glands.

Gonadotropic hormones secreted by the hypothalamic-pituitary system - FSH, LH and LTG (follicle-stimulating, luteinizing and luteotropic hormones) cause changes in the ovaries - the ovarian cycle, which includes:

follicular phase – the process of follicle maturation
ovulation phase – rupture of a mature follicle and release of an egg
progesterone (luteal) phase - the process of development of the corpus luteum

At the end of the menstrual cycle, in the absence of completed fertilization of the egg, the corpus luteum regresses. Sexual hormones of the ovaries (estrogens, gestagens) cause changes in tone, blood supply, excitability of the uterus, dynamic processes in the mucous membrane, i.e. the uterine cycle, consisting of two phases:

proliferation phase - restoration, healing of the wound surface and further development of the functional layer of the endometrium. This phase occurs simultaneously with the process of follicle maturation.
secretion phases - loosening, thickening and rejection (desquamation) of the functional layer of the uterine mucosa. Rejection of the functional layer is manifested by menstruation. In time, this phase coincides with the development and death of the corpus luteum in the ovary.

Thus, normally the menstrual cycle is two-phase: with the follicular and luteal phases of the ovarian cycle and, corresponding to them, the proliferation and secretion phases of the uterine cycle. Normally, the cyclic processes listed above are repeated again and again at certain intervals throughout a woman’s childbearing years.

Menstrual function may be impaired as a result of gynecological diseases ( fibroids and uterine cancer inflammation of the appendages And uterus), severe extragenital diseases (diseases of the blood, endocrine organs, liver, central nervous system, heart defects), infections , hypovitaminosis, traumatic uterine damage(during instrumental manipulations - abortion, etc.), stress and mental trauma.

Menstrual cycle disorders can manifest themselves in changes in the rhythm and intensity of menstruation: lengthening or shortening the interval between them, increasing or decreasing the amount of blood released, and irregularity in the rhythm of menstruation. Menstrual cycle disorders occur in the form of:

amenorrhea– absence of menstruation for more than 6 months
hypermenstrual syndrome ( hyperpolymenorrhea, menorrhagia), including:

hypermenorrhea– heavy menstrual bleeding;
polymenorrhea – menstruation lasting more than 7 days;
proyomenorrhea - frequent menstruation with a shortening interval of less than 21 days

hypomenstrual syndrome, including:

hypomenorrhea– scanty menstrual flow;
oligomenorrhea– shortened menstruation (no more than 1-2 days);
opsomenorrhea– excessively rare, with an interval of more than 35 days, menstruation

algomenorrhea– painful menstruation;
dysmenorrhea - menstruation accompanied by general disorders ( headache, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting);
algodismenorrhea- menstruation, combining local pain and general health problems
anovulatory (single-phase) uterine bleeding, resulting from disorders of neuroendocrine regulation and characterized by the absence of ovulation and the corpus luteum.

Menstrual dysfunction with a single-phase menstrual cycle can be caused by persistence of the follicle(maturation of the follicle without ovulation and further development of a follicular cyst) or atresia (degeneration, desolation) of an immature follicle.

To identify two-phase menstrual cycle in gynecology The method of regular morning changes in rectal (basal) temperature is used. With a two-phase menstrual cycle, in the follicular phase the temperature in the rectum is less than 37 ° C, and in the luteal phase it is more than 37 ° C, with a decrease one to two days before the onset of menstruation. With an anovulatory (single-phase) cycle, the temperature curve is characterized by readings of less than 37 ° C with slight fluctuations. Measuring basal temperature is a physiological method contraception. Also, with a two-phase cycle, characteristic changes are observed in the cytological picture of smears of vaginal discharge at different periods: symptoms of “thread”, “pupil”, etc.

Metrorrhagia, that is acyclic uterine bleeding, not related to the menstrual cycle, often accompany tumor lesions of the female reproductive system. Women suffering from menstrual disorders should definitely undergo consultation with a gynecologist and the necessary examinations to determine the causes of violations. Treatment of menstrual dysfunction should be aimed at eliminating the causes that caused the disorder.

Often, subsequent disorders of menstrual function can be caused by improper formation and differentiation of the fetal genital organs during intrauterine development. Negative factors that cause underdevelopment of the ovaries in girls can include chemical, medicinal, radiation agents, and infectious diseases of the mother. Therefore, the prevention of menstrual dysfunction should begin from the period of antenatal (intrauterine) development of the fetus, carrying out pregnancy management. Proper nutrition and lifestyle, taking care of your general and women's health will help avoid disorders in menstrual function.

There is practically no woman who has never encountered any menstrual irregularities. Even completely healthy women in certain circumstances can have menstrual irregularities. But in some cases, such disorders are classified as diseases (ICD 10 code - N94.4-N94.9).

In this article we will look in detail at the problem of irregularities in the monthly cycle. You will learn for what reasons failures can occur in women of different age categories, how this pathological condition is diagnosed and treated, and when you should definitely seek medical help.

Types of violations

A menstrual disorder is considered a cycle whose duration increases by more than a week. Also, if the period between menstruation is reduced by 5-7 days, and this is repeated systematically, we can talk about a failure of menstrual function. With the exception of women who have a longer or shorter cycle genetically, in everyone else it is defined as a disorder and requires evaluation.

There are several types of disorders associated with the menstrual cycle:

Amenorrhea is a condition in which there is no menstruation for several cycles. There are primary and secondary amenorrhea. In the first case, during puberty, periods do not begin until age 16, if other signs of puberty are present. In the second case, menstruation stops for a long time.
Oligomenorrhea is a pathology in which menstruation occurs very rarely. It is more common in those who are overweight. With this pathology, women of reproductive age often have problems conceiving.
Dysmenorrhea is deviations in the menstrual schedule, both in the direction of increasing and decreasing the intermenstrual period. Women can experience this disorder at any age. Physiologically caused deviations during the onset of menstruation, when the cycle is not yet regulated, and in the postpartum period, when the cycle is restored, are not considered dysmenorrhea.
Opsomenorea is a disorder in which the duration of the cycle increases to 35 days or more (but not more than three months), and menstruation is short and scanty. Often accompanied by infertility. Women may have masculine characteristics and a tendency to be overweight. Acne is a fairly common symptom.
Hypomenstrual syndrome is a pathology characterized by a decrease in the amount of blood released during menstruation. Scanty menstruation (blood loss less than 50 ml) usually comes with a delay and causes a variety of discomfort - nausea, headache, etc.

There are also other disorders in the menstrual cycle, such as polymenorrhea, proyomenorrhea, metrorrhagia, etc. Each of these pathologies can have different causes, so examination (and not only by a gynecologist) is mandatory.

Causes of menstrual irregularities

The main reason for the disruption of the menstrual cycle is hormonal imbalance. This happens in various diseases and conditions. The hereditary factor also plays an important role - if ancestors on the female line had disruptions in the cycle or other disorders, it is quite possible that this will affect the nature of menstruation in women in subsequent generations.

Since the regulation of the menstrual cycle involves the brain and organs of the endocrine system, very often the problem arises due to disruptions in interaction.

Lack of sleep, stress, excessive physical activity, psychological fatigue, change in time zone or climatic conditions can lead to irregular periods. It is not uncommon to experience menstrual problems in those who regularly stay awake at night. Brain tumors and neuroviral infections can also lead to menstrual irregularities.

Disturbed hormonal cycles are also observed in many diseases. Most often this happens against the background of pathologies of the endocrine and genitourinary systems, such as:

genetic and hormonal pathologies of the ovaries;
inflammation of the uterus and appendages;
infectious lesions of the pelvic organs;
diabetes;
diseases of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands;
obesity, etc.

Functional disorders of the endocrine system, manifested in the accumulation of estrogen with a simultaneous deficiency of progesterone, also cause menstrual irregularities. The cycle can be disrupted due to any infectious and non-infectious diseases, acute or chronic.

Among other factors that can lead to irregular periods, the most common are:

Long-term diets, unbalanced nutrition, lack of certain elements in food.
Too low/high body weight.
Acute or chronic intoxication (including regular alcohol consumption, smoking).
Taking certain medications.

Thus, the vast majority of women are at risk. But this does not mean that the problem of disruptions in the menstrual cycle can be ignored, “attributing” the disturbances to chronic stress or lack of sleep. If malfunctions occur, medical consultation is required to rule out serious diseases.

Irregularities in the menstrual cycle can be a symptom of dangerous diseases, including cancer.

Diagnosis of a disrupted menstrual cycle

Many women who have problems with menstruation put off visiting the doctor because they are afraid of prescribing hormone therapy. In fact, hormones are indicated only in some cases, and careful diagnosis is necessary to select an adequate treatment regimen.

In addition to a gynecological examination, smear and general blood and urine tests, the following may be prescribed:

Ultrasound of the pelvic organs and thyroid gland;
hormone analysis;
hysteroscopy;
studies to identify chromosomal pathologies;
PCR, etc.

The doctor decides exactly what tests are needed after a detailed questioning, in which he can find out the presence of a genetic predisposition, features of the patient’s lifestyle and other nuances that affect the frequency and intensity of menstruation. You may also need to consult doctors of other specialties (endocrinologist, therapist) and additional studies (computed tomography, skull radiography, etc.).

Treatment methods for menstrual disorders

There is no single method for treating irregularities in the menstrual cycle, since a wide variety of factors can be involved in the problem. The treatment complex is focused on eliminating the root causes. In addition, in almost all cases it will be necessary to eliminate typical “provocateurs”. Correction of nutrition, sufficient sleep, and elimination of stressful situations are necessary for the cycle to return to normal.

Treatment during adolescence

The first menstruation in girls occurs at the age of 12-14 years. If this does not happen before the age of 16, there is cause for concern and a visit to a pediatric gynecologist-endocrinologist. It is also necessary to consult a doctor if the cycle does not settle within a year and a half. During adolescence, other disorders are also possible:

too heavy periods;
significant blood loss;
the appearance of bleeding between periods;
high pain.

Most often, these disorders are caused by weight problems, vegetative-vascular dystonia, hypertension, chronic inflammatory diseases, and early onset of sexual activity.

Girls who exhaust themselves with diets often have irregular menstrual cycles. The same applies to overly emotional teenagers with high levels of impulsiveness or aggression.

Drugs for the treatment of adolescent disorders are selected based on age. If hormonal therapy is indicated, the most gentle hormonal drugs with low doses are selected. If the cause of cycle irregularity is associated with malfunctions of the thyroid gland, a complex of treatment is required to normalize the functioning of the thyroid gland.

In case of severe bleeding, hemostatic drugs are used, and in case of complications (drop in hemoglobin, dizziness, general severe weakness) - curettage. In parallel, antianemic therapy with iron supplements is carried out. In uncomplicated cases, cyclic vitamin therapy is used to stimulate the body. In some cases, the doctor may prescribe sedatives, dietary adjustments, changes in daily routine, etc.

Treatment during reproductive age

Menstrual irregularities in women of childbearing age occur both for physiological reasons (pregnancy, postpartum period) and for many other reasons. Therefore, treatment can only be prescribed after a comprehensive examination. The doctor selects medications taking into account the presence of certain diseases.

If the problem is caused by hormonal imbalances, it is eliminated with the help of estrogen drugs, thyroid hormones, etc.
In the presence of infectious diseases, antibiotic therapy is used.
Tumors that cause disruptions in the menstrual cycle are removed surgically (tumor formations in the genitourinary system, thyroid gland, pituitary gland).
Surgical intervention may also be necessary for pathologies of the genital organs.
In the absence of ovulation, means are used to stimulate it.
If menstruation is too heavy, the volume of lost blood is replaced, curettage is performed, and in the most difficult cases, endometrial ablation or hysterectomy is performed.

It may also be necessary to improve the functioning of the immune system and supplement the diet with foods rich in vitamins and microelements. If necessary, additional vitamin and mineral complexes are prescribed. Physiotherapeutic procedures have a beneficial effect. Normalizing your daily routine and increasing stress resistance are necessary measures to restore the normal menstrual cycle.

Some menstrual cycle disorders lead to infertility. If a woman plans to have children, treatment should begin as early as possible. If pregnancy is not planned in the near future, hormonal contraceptives may be prescribed to help regulate the menstrual cycle.

Treatment during menopause

Menopause usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 50, although cases of early menopause after 40 and even after 30 are now becoming more common. Usually, when menstruation becomes irregular in adulthood and then stops altogether, a woman diagnoses herself with menopause and is in no hurry to see a doctor.

This approach is fraught with many unpleasant consequences, ranging from diseases undetected in time to unwanted pregnancy (this, although rare, also happens). Therefore, even if you suspect menopause, it is necessary to be examined. If certain problems are identified, the doctor will offer a set of treatment measures, including:

means for normalizing hormonal levels (duphaston, etc.);
antibiotic therapy in the presence of infections;
rational nutrition with a decrease in calorie content and total amount of food.

If changes in the menstrual cycle at this age are physiological in nature, no special treatment is required. However, when a woman has a hard time with menopause, it is advisable to use physiotherapy, restorative drugs, and traditional medicine.

Any bleeding during the postmenopausal period is a reason to consult a doctor as soon as possible, since in most cases this is one of the symptoms of malignant tumors!

Indications for visiting a doctor if your menstrual cycle is irregular

For any irregularities in the menstrual cycle, it is advisable to consult a doctor. This will help you avoid serious consequences and not worry about your condition, thereby aggravating the situation. But in some cases it is necessary to undergo an examination:

If a teenage girl did not have menarche until she was 15-16 years old.
A year and a half passed after the first menstruation, and the monthly cycle was still not established.
Your periods are too long and too heavy.
The nature of menstrual flow, its color, and smell have changed (this may be a sign of endometrial disease).
Ovulation is accompanied by painful sensations.
The discharge is very scanty, and menstruation comes with a significant delay.
Bleeding is a concern during the period between menstruation (even a single case requires examination).

Even if all these changes do not cause discomfort or cause complaints, you should not ignore them. Menstrual irregularities are often a sign of illness, and timely treatment can avoid complications and life-threatening conditions.

Video

How does excess weight affect the regularity of menstruation? After watching this short video, you will learn about the connection between menstrual irregularities and excess body weight, as well as other causes of disruptions in the menstrual cycle.