Reserves and national parks of Russia with names. What are nature reserves and national parks? General characteristics and distinctive features

There are few things that compare to the magic and splendor of the African wilderness. It is unlikely that any other national park in the world can compare with the Kruger Game Reserve in South Africa in terms of its pristine countryside, wildlife and vastness of area.

The Kruger National Park is capable of offering some of the best safaris in the world. In one place you can see a wide range of the largest mammals on earth, a large number of birds, large predators and their prey. If you are a wildlife lover, then this is definitely the place for you.

Sagarmatha National Wildlife Refuge, Nepal

Perched high and majestic in the Himalayas, Nepal's Sagarmatha Wildlife Sanctuary contains three of the world's ten tallest mountains, including Everest. Endless glaciers, breathtaking valleys with pristine snow make Sagarmatha Nature Park a UNESCO World Heritage Site. And, of course, for wildlife lovers, not visiting this high-mountain reserve means losing something important.

Fiordland Game Reserve, New Zealand

If you are a lover of magnificent fjords and boat trips, then this is a must-visit place. The main attraction is Milford Sound, but in addition, the other 14 fjords with the most romantic landscapes make this park a unique place, unlike any other nature reserve in the world.

Galapagos Islands National Park, Ecuador

With stunning scenery surrounded by clear blue waters, the Galapagos Islands are a paradise for exotic animals and wildlife. The unique atmosphere of the islands is of historical and scientific value. Recently, eco-tourism initiatives have been strongly supported here.

Tikal National Park, Guatemala

Traveling to Tikal National Park is first and foremost a means to explore Mayan heritage. Nestled in the wild jungle, Tikal hides fantastic Mayan ruins that date back to approximately 250-900 AD. Even what remains from those times amazes tourists with the amazing architecture of temples and the variety of different wild animals. Tikal is a place for amazing adventures and unforgettable experiences.

Yellow Dragon Nature Reserve, China

The calcium deposit here creates the illusion of gold, which gives the place its name - “Yellow Dragon”. This reserve is also home to the cute, world-famous panda - the symbol of WWF.

The area features a unique closed ecosystem of waterfalls, hot springs, virgin forests and snow caps on mountaintops, home to endangered species such as the Sichuan gold-bearing monkey and the giant panda. “Yellow Dragon” is a real mecca for photographers from all over the world.

Iguazu National Reserve, Argentina

The protected area, which is a World Heritage Site, is the most impressive site in Brazil and Argentina. The breathtaking waterfalls, over 70 meters high and 1,500 meters wide, are home to some of South America's best fauna. The views of the surrounding subtropical forests will not leave anyone indifferent.

Kakadu National Reserve, Australia

Kakadu National Reserve is located in Northern Australia. This quintessentially Australian landscape is one of the few places listed as a World Heritage Site for both its natural and cultural significance.

The reserve spans more than 3.2 million acres and includes several of the continent's traditional indigenous territories. The wonderful South Alligator Rivers, coastal beaches, rainforests and monsoon winds make Kakadu National Wildlife Refuge a desirable destination.

People's Nature Reserve, Switzerland

Although Switzerland is best known for the magic of the Alps, it is home to the only national park that is still worth visiting. The Swiss national park was created in 1914 and is inhabited by a huge variety of interesting animals, such as the chamois, ibex, golden eagle or bearded vulture. Rivers, snowy mountain peaks and alpine valleys represent nature at its most picturesque.

Machu Picchu, Peru

The majestic Machu Picchu has been the most popular tourist destination in Peru for many years. No matter how many times a tourist has been here to enjoy the grandeur of ancient monuments, traveling in the footsteps of the Incas always brings excitement, adventure and mystery.

My publication is a response to the topic “25 photos of amazing places that are worth seeing at least once in your life.”

Gentlemen! Love your Motherland first of all! Study its history, nature, get acquainted with its unique, inimitable beauties and protect them!

I did not set myself the task of showing and describing the famous national parks and reserves of Russia. This is impossible and not necessary here on the site. But I would like to remind you, introduce some of them, interest you, attract attention, and then it’s up to you...

GO...

There are just over a hundred nature reserves and national parks in Russia. This is hardly enough for such a vast territory as Russia, since some species of plants and animals continue to disappear. To draw attention to the problem, 2013 in Russia was declared the year of environmental protection. As part of the program, it was planned to develop about two dozen more environmental zones.

Every Russian region, from Kaliningrad (Curonian Spit with dancing forest) to Kamchatka (hills and volcanoes), has something to surprise.

Studying the nature of Russia is a very exciting activity. Eh, we know practically nothing about our Motherland, and at school not enough attention is paid to our unique nature. It is unlikely that anyone will set out to visit all the national parks of Russia, but when traveling around the country, it is worth looking into these natural corners. Delving into geography, you can find out that “Manpupuner” is, it turns out, not an overseas curse, but a wonder of the world in the Komi Republic, Tanais is a disappeared trading city in the Rostov region, the Krasnoyarsk and Lena pillars are not pillars at all, but amazing rocks. And many more discoveries await those who want to learn more about the amazing nature of our country.

Transbaikal National Park is one of the few national parks in Russia that fully meet UNESCO recommendations for this category of specially protected natural areas.

The Zabaikalsky National Park is located within a typical mountain taiga region. The relief is mountainous. Within the boundaries of the park there are large orographic units: the Svyatonossky ridge, the Barguzinsky ridge, the Chivyrkuisky isthmus and the Ushkany Islands.

Two mountain ranges stretch across the park in the direction from northeast to southwest: the Barguzinsky ridge - gradually descending from the Barguzinsky reserve to lake. Barmashovoye (the highest elevation of the ridge within the boundaries of the park is 2376 m above sea level) and the Sredinny Range of the Svyatoy Nos Peninsula (the highest elevation is approximately in the middle part of 1877 m), gradually descending to the north and south. The Chivyrkuisky Isthmus connects the Svyatoy Nos Peninsula with the eastern shore of Lake Baikal. The Ushkany Islands (Big Ushkany Island and Small Ushkany Islands) are the peaks of the Academichesky Ridge, which divides the Baikal depression into two basins - northern and southern.

The Altai Nature Reserve has been a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site since 1998. Included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves of the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Program (MAB) - May 26, 2009. It is included in the "Global-200" (WWF) list - pristine or little-changed ecoregions of the world, which contain 90% of the planet's biodiversity.

The territory occupied by the Altai Nature Reserve includes five physical-geographical regions of three natural provinces. In the spectrum of altitudinal zonation, almost all natural zones of the Altai Mountains are distinguished: taiga low and mid-mountain mountains, subalpine and alpine meadow mid-mountains and high mountains, tundra-steppe high mountains, tundra mid-mountain and high mountains, glacial-nival high mountains. Forests occupy 34% of the total area of the main zone. They are located in the lower and middle parts of mountains, on steep slopes of valleys, as well as on lower parts of sloping ridges. The lower border of the forest begins at 436 meters (level of Lake Teletskoye), and the upper border varies in different parts. So, if in the southeast it is at an altitude of 2000–2200 m above sea level, then in the northwest it drops to a level of 1800–2000 m.

Of particular value in the protected area is the unique grove of relict pointed yew on the island. Petrov, thickets of endemic cross-paired microbiota, populations of such rare animals as the Amur goral, Amur tiger, and Ussuri sika deer.

The Lazovsky Nature Reserve is located on the southern spurs of the Sikhote-Alin, in the interfluve of the Kievka and Chernaya rivers. The Zapovedny Ridge divides the territory of the reserve into two parts - northern continental and southern coastal. The average height of the mountains is 500–700 m, with individual peaks reaching 1200–1400 m above sea level. The mountain slopes have varying steepness, on average 20–25 degrees, their ridges are narrow but flat. Significant areas are occupied by rocky placers. The height of the spurs decreases in the east towards the sea, the watershed ridges turn into small hilly ridges up to 100 m high.

The territory of the reserve includes two small islands - Petrova and Beltsova, located at the southern border of the reserve. The islands are covered with forest.

The very first reserve of the Far East and one of the oldest reserves in Russia, formed to preserve and study unique for Russia undisturbed liana coniferous-deciduous forests of Southern Primorye, characterized by a high proportion of rare and endemic species of flora and fauna. The reserve and its surroundings are the only place in Russia where the Far Eastern leopard lives.

In 2004, the Kedrovaya Pad Nature Reserve received the status of a UNESCO biosphere reserve.

The most valuable are black fir-broad-leaved forests or black fir forests, the Far Eastern leopard; on Mount Chalban, plants are common that are very rare in other places of the Far East - currant-leaved carp, Komarov currant. In the reserve, rock primrose was found for the first time (on Mount Chalban), and species new to science were described - Far Eastern violet and Ussuri corydalis. The Kedrovaya River flows through the reserve; its length does not exceed 25 kilometers. It is the ideal of a clean river for scientists all over the world.

The Samarskaya Luka National Park was created in 1984 by decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, and is one of the first three national parks in Russia.

Samara Luka is a unique area formed by the bend of the largest European river Volga in its middle course and the Usinsky Bay of the Kuibyshev Reservoir. The Volga in this place makes a large arc facing the east, and then turns to the southwest. Its length is more than 200 km. The ancient carbonate rocks raised high here form something like an island.

The unique forms of relief, the peculiar microclimate, the amazing beauty of the mountains, the blue necklace of the Volga that frames them, the unique flora and fauna have earned Zhiguli and Samarskaya Luka generally worldwide fame.

There is an unusually high concentration of monuments of almost all cultures of the European forest-steppe known to science, from the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age to the present. There are about 200 natural and historical monuments on the territory of Samarskaya Luka. It is also rich in archaeological finds.

The Smolensk Poozerye National Park was formed on the territory of the Demidovsky and Dukhovshchinsky districts of the Smolensk region in 1992 “to preserve natural complexes for recreational, educational, scientific and cultural purposes.” In November 2002, it was awarded the status of a biosphere reserve under the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) program. The name "Smolensk Poozerie" owes its name to 35 large and small glacial lakes located in the park. Each of these lakes is beautiful and unique in its own way.

In terms of configuration, the park's territory is an almost regular rhombus. The maximum distance from west to east is 55 km, from north to south - 50 km. The geographical center of the park is located in the area of the village. Przhevalskoe. The total area of the park within the boundaries approved by state acts is 146,237 hectares. The security zone is 500 m of territory adjacent to the park border.

The Curonian Spit National Park is located in the part of the Kaliningrad region bordering Lithuania on a narrow strip of land between the salty Baltic Sea and the freshwater Curonian Lagoon. The northern boundaries of the park run along the Russian-Lithuanian border.

The natural uniqueness of the territory of the national park is that it is the largest sand bar in the world. The dune landscapes of the spit are distinguished by their exceptional beauty and aesthetic impact on humans and represent a unique object for the development of eco-tourism.

The Curonian Spit has been regarded as “an exceptional example of a sand dune landscape under constant threat from natural forces such as wind and water. After the destructive intervention of man, which threatened the existence of the spit, it was restored through stabilization and protection work that began in the 19th century and continues to this day.” Currently, the territory of the Curonian Spit is officially protected by the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.

The Valdai National Park was formed with the aim of preserving the unique lake-forest complex of the Valdai Upland and creating conditions for the development of organized recreation in this area. The basis for the creation of the park was the unique combination and richness of natural components, the degree of their preservation and the ability to maintain ecological balance, and the enormous aesthetic impact of natural landscapes. A differentiated regime of special protection has been established on the territory of the park, taking into account its natural, historical and cultural features. In accordance with this, the following functional zones have been identified: reserved, specially protected, recreational, zone of regulated use around lakes and rivers, as well as a visitor service zone.

The national park is located in the northern part of the Valdai Upland, its length from north to south is 105 km, from west to east - 45 km. The boundaries of the Park approximately correspond to the boundaries of the drainage basins of lakes Borovno, Valdayskoye, Velye, Seliger and the upper reaches of the Polomet River.

The Baikal-Lensky State Nature Reserve is located on an area of 659.9 thousand hectares. It is located on the territory of the Kachugsky and Olkhonsky districts of the Irkutsk region. The reserve stretches from south to north along the western coast of Lake Baikal for approximately 120 km with an average width of 65 km.

The total length of the coastline of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Zapovednoye Pribaikalye” is about 590 km and covers the western coast of Lake Baikal from the village of Kultuk in the south to Cape Elokhin in the north. In December 1996, the Baikal-Lena Reserve (along with Barguzinsky and Baikalsky) was included in the list of UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage Sites.

Currently, the process of unifying the Baikal-Lena Nature Reserve and the Pribaikalsky National Park into a single nature conservation, scientific and tourist complex has been completed: the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Reserve Pribaikalye”.

One of the oldest reserves in Russia, founded in 1920 to preserve unique mineral deposits. Since 1935, it has been transformed into a complex reserve for the preservation and study of mineral wealth, flora and fauna of the eastern macroslope of the Southern Urals. In 1991, the historical and archaeological branch "Arkaim" (currently the forestry "Stepnoye") was added to the reserve to preserve and study the unique monument of the early urban civilization of the Bronze Age - the settlement "Arkaim" and the archaeological complex in the Bolshekaragan Valley. The reserve is the only mineralogical reserve in the country and one of the few mineralogical reserves in the world.

Karadag Reserve

Not far from Feodosia there is an amazing reserve with which many legends are associated. Kara-Dag (“Black Mountain”) is a volcanic massif, the last eruption of which occurred 150 million years ago. The Karadag Nature Reserve itself, covering an area of more than 2870 hectares, was founded in 1979. Moreover, part of its area falls on the Black Sea.

The wonderful landscapes of Kara-Dag have attracted tourists in ancient times. To prevent the unique nature from being destroyed, it was decided to establish a nature reserve. Walking in this area is allowed only if accompanied by employees, strictly along the “ecological trail”.

Since its foundation, the fauna and flora of the Karadag Reserve have been restored to a significant extent. 125 species of animals living on the slopes of the mountain range, 79 species of plants are listed in the Red Book.

If you believe the legends, a giant Karadag monster resembling a snake lives in one of the underwater caves near Kara-Dag.

Alien species of Kara-Dag are the result of the work of sea waves, sun, wind and time. The symbol of the reserve is a rock in the form of an arch, born directly from the water. It is called Shaitan-Kapu, which means “Devil's Mouth”. Other rocky ledges also earned unusual names - “Dragon”, “Ivan the Robber”, “King” and others.

Manpupuner

The Ural Mountains... more than 200 million years ago, they stood proudly on the young planet Earth and witnessed many grandiose events. Over the course of many millennia, water and wind gradually destroyed them. And today the Ural Mountains are among the lowest in the world. But there were places in the Urals where nature could not cope with the stone. One of them is known to us under the name Manpupuner.

First of all, under the influence of the environment, soft rocks were destroyed, and stronger rocks were able to survive to this day. Geologists call them remnants. On Manpupuner, the remains are huge stone pillars with a height of 30 to 42 m.

This place is truly mystical, because the Weathering Pillars, as the remnants are also called, are so ancient that even the Mansi during the pagan period worshiped them, and in translation from their language Manpupuner means “small mountain of idols.” Mansi, unlike geologists, know the true origin of the stone pillars.

Russian North Park

Vologda Region.

Located in the north of the Russian Plain, “Russian North” became one of the first national parks to appear fully officially on the territory of the Russian Federation.

The peculiarity of this protected area is that in a relatively small area in this area of the Russian Plain it was possible to simultaneously collect the most complete “collection” of plants and trees, comfortably accommodate a huge number of mammals, fish and birds, many of which have long been listed as endangered species not only on the territory of the Russian Federation, but also on a global scale.

As for historical and architectural monuments, their number in the Russian North National Park cannot but amaze. First of all, among other buildings, several monasteries built during the 14th-15th centuries of Russian history are of particular importance.

Barguzinsky Reserve

The oldest reserve in Russia, the Barguzinsky Nature Reserve, is located on the northeastern coast of Lake Baikal, on the western slopes of the Barguzinsky ridge. His task was to preserve and study sable. There are 39 species of mammals and 243 species of birds known in the reserve. The permanent inhabitants of the reserve are: sable, weasel, lynx, fox, wolf, bear, reindeer, elk, squirrel, hazel grouse, stone grouse, nutcracker, Baikal seal.

Here you can see all the altitudinal zones of the Barguzinsky ridge, trace the change of vegetation from the shore of Lake Baikal to the high-mountain lakes.

Great Arctic Nature Reserve

The reserve is located beyond the Arctic Circle - on the Taimyr Peninsula and small islands, where there is permafrost, and can only be reached by air, and even then in summer weather. But the impressions from even one trip will definitely be enough for you to last a lifetime.

In the Great Arctic Nature Reserve, a relatively new type of ecological tourism for Russia is now gaining popularity - birdwatching.

Reserve "Ubsunur Basin"

The unique state natural biosphere reserve “Ubsunur Basin” is one of the key territories of the Altai-Sayan ecoregion. Which, in turn, is included in the Global 200 list - a list of pristine or little-modified ecoregions of the world, which contain more than 90% of the planet's biodiversity. Simply put, this is one of the few places on the planet where you can feel like you were 500-1000 (or even more) years ago.

The Ubsunur basin is characterized by a rare combination of different fauna elements; 83 species of mammals are found here. The red wolf, snow leopard (irbis), Altai mountain sheep (argali) and gazelle are included in the Red Book of Russia and the reserve. In 2003, the basin was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Caucasian State Biosphere Reserve

Organized in 1924, one of the largest not only in the Krasnodar region, but also in Russia. A reserve was established to protect the unique natural complex of the Russian subtropics and restore the number of animals and birds living on its territory. The reserve is home to many species of southern plants, including fruit trees; Above 1900-2000 m above sea level there are subalpine meadows, characterized by a large number of flowers, making this area especially beautiful. The most valuable species of animals, birds and plants living in the reserve are listed in the Red Book. Any human economic activity on the territory of the reserve is prohibited.

Kivach

The Kivach Nature Reserve is one of the oldest in Russia, created in 1931. It is formed around the waterfall of the same name, which is its main attraction. A visit to the reserve and waterfall is included in almost all excursions in Karelia.

Derzhavin, the first Olonets governor and an outstanding poet, wrote the famous ode “Waterfall”, after which Kivach took a prominent place in the works of many poets, artists, and prose writers. The waterfall is beautiful at any time of the year: the waters of the river are compressed by basalt rocks. Suns from an eight-meter height fall down in heavy cast streams, forming a powerful whirlpool, in shreds of foam, and producing an impressive noise. The most famous visitor to the waterfall is Emperor Alexander II. On the occasion of his arrival in 1868, a good road was built to Kivach, a gazebo was built on the right bank and a house for the night on the left, and below the waterfall - a bridge across the Suna River.

Klyuchevsky Natural Park

Klyuchevsky Natural Park (Kamchatka Region) is located on the territory of the forest fund of the Klyuchevsky forestry enterprise. The territory of the natural park is unique in its relief and has no analogues in the whole world: in a small area there are 13 volcanic structures of different ages, among which rises the most active in the world and the highest active volcano in Asia, Klyuchevskoy, with an absolute elevation of about 4800 meters above sea level. Due to frequent eruptions, its height is constantly changing due to solidifying lava flows.

Krasnoyarsk pillars

Krasnoyarsk Pillars is a state nature reserve located in the spurs of the Eastern Sayan Mountains, on the right bank of the Yenisei. Local rocks are called pillars because of their shape. They are high - from 60 to 600 meters - and narrow. The age of the pillars is worthy of respect: according to various sources, from 450 to 600 million years have passed since their appearance. According to scientists, the pillars were formed due to the powerful pressure of magma, which was never able to break through to the surface of the earth. And their bizarre outlines were formed due to the influence of wind and precipitation.

The reserve has about a hundred pillars made of gray-pink granite, each of which has its own name. Names were not assigned randomly, but depending on what or who a particular stone resembles. One of the most famous is the Grandfather pillar, as it resembles a formidable old man with a huge thick beard. Next to him were his relatives - Great-Grandfather, Granddaughter, Grandmother, Gemini. There are animals, birds and basically anything else there. For example, the Chinese Wall, Feathers, Lion Gate, Tusk.

Call of the Tiger National Park

Located in Primorsky Krai.

The national park was established in 2007 in the south-eastern part of Primorsky Krai, and the main purpose of its creation was to preserve the population of Amur tigers, which are under threat. Of course, other rare animals live here - the Far Eastern forest cat, sika deer, goral, roe deer, red deer, Himalayan and brown bears.

Its landscape consists of mountains and valleys, so the elevation difference can reach more than 1,700 km. There are more than 50 mountains alone, more than a kilometer high, on the territory and on its borders. Thanks to the difference in height, the amazing diversity of the park’s flora is achieved, which has no equal in the whole world. Here you can see many plants listed in the Red Book, dense spruce and tundra forests, as well as relict plants. The unique appearance of the park’s landscapes is given by vines (schisandra, wild grapes) that wrap around coniferous trees. Here you can also find many medicinal plants and flowers: lilies, peonies, slippers and so on.

Call of the Tiger Park is home to about 250 different species of birds and more than fifty mammals. There is nothing like this in Russia anymore.

10 national parks and reserves of Russia

Ecotourism, or ecotourism, is travel to places with relatively untouched nature. The main principle for such travel is not to harm the environment, which is why ecological routes mainly run through national parks and nature reserves.

Transbaikalsky National Park.

Two mountain ranges stretch across the park in the direction from northeast to southwest: the Barguzinsky ridge - gradually descending from the Barguzinsky reserve to lake. Barmashovoye (the highest elevation of the ridge within the boundaries of the park is 2376 m above sea level) and the Sredinny Ridge of the Svyatoy Nos Peninsula (the highest elevation is approximately in the middle part of 1877 m), gradually descending to the north and south. The Chivyrkuisky Isthmus connects the Svyatoy Nos Peninsula with the eastern shore of Lake Baikal. The Ushkany Islands (Big Ushkany Island and Small Ushkany Islands) are the peaks of the Academichesky Ridge, which divides the Baikal depression into two basins - northern and southern.

Altai Nature Reserve.

The territory occupied by the Altai Nature Reserve includes five physical-geographical regions of three natural provinces. In the spectrum of altitudinal zonation, almost all natural zones of the Altai Mountains are distinguished: taiga low and mid-mountain mountains, subalpine and alpine meadow mid-mountains and high mountains, tundra-steppe high mountains, tundra mid-mountain and high mountains, glacial-nival high mountains. Forests occupy 34% of the total area of the main zone. They are located in the lower and middle parts of mountains, on steep slopes of valleys, as well as on lower parts of sloping ridges. The lower border of the forest begins at 436 meters (level of Lake Teletskoye), and the upper border varies in different parts. So, if in the southeast it is at an altitude of 2000-2200 m above sea level, then in the northwest it drops to a level of 1800-2000 m.

Lazovsky Reserve.

The Lazovsky Nature Reserve is located on the southern spurs of the Sikhote-Alin, in the interfluve of the Kievka and Chernaya rivers. The Zapovedny Ridge divides the territory of the reserve into two parts - northern continental and southern coastal. The average height of the mountains is 500-700 m, some peaks reach 1200-1400 m above sea level. The mountain slopes have varying steepness, on average 20-25 degrees, their ridges are narrow but flat. Significant areas are occupied by rocky placers. The height of the spurs decreases in the east towards the sea, the watershed ridges turn into small hilly ridges up to 100 m high.

Nature Reserve "Kedrovaya Pad".

Samarskaya Luka National Park.

The Samarskaya Luka National Park was created in 1984 by decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, and is one of the first three national parks in Russia.

Smolensk Poozerye National Park.

In terms of configuration, the park's territory is an almost regular rhombus. The maximum distance from west to east is 55 km, from north to south – 50 km. The geographical center of the park is located in the area of the village. Przhevalskoe. The total area of the park within the boundaries approved by state acts is 146,237 hectares. The security zone is 500 m of territory adjacent to the park border.

Curonian Spit National Park.

Valdai National Park.

Ilmensky Nature Reserve.

One of the oldest reserves in Russia, founded in 1920 to preserve unique mineral deposits. Since 1935, it has been transformed into a complex reserve for the preservation and study of mineral wealth, flora and fauna of the eastern macroslope of the Southern Urals. In 1991, the historical and archaeological branch "Arkaim" (currently the forestry "Stepnoe") was added to the reserve to preserve and study the unique monument of the early urban civilization of the Bronze Age - the settlement "Arkaim" and the archaeological complex in the Bolshekaragan Valley. The reserve is the only mineralogical reserve in the country and one of the few mineralogical reserves in the world.

1. Using the textbook, fill out the table.

Reserves and national parks of Russia

Natural areas	Examples of nature reserves and national parks
Arctic desert zone	Great Arctic Nature Reserve, Wrangel Island Nature Reserve
Tundra zone	Taimyr Nature Reserve
Forest areas	Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve, Losiny Ostrov National Park
Steppe zone	Central Black Earth Reserve, Rostov, Orenburg, Daursky reserves
Semi-deserts and deserts	Reserve "Black Lands"
Subtropical zone	National Park "Sochi"

2. Write down a summary of your report on the assignments on p. 119 textbook.

Use these recordings when performing.

Assignment: Use the textbook to get acquainted with the reserves and national parks of Russia. Make messages to the class.

Nature reserves and national parks are specially protected natural areas. The nature of the Arctic deserts is protected in the Wrangel Island Nature Reserve.

The nature of the tundra is protected in several reserves, one of which is Taimyr - located on the Taimyr Peninsula. Among the inhabitants of the reserve are wild reindeer. There are many nature reserves in forest areas - Losiny Ostrov park, Prioksko-Terrasny park and others.
The Altai Nature Reserve is one of the largest in Russia. It is located in the mountains of Southern Siberia. This is the land of mountains and swift mountain rivers, the kingdom of giant trees and the country of ancient wild animals. Vertical belts, steppe, forest, subalpine and alpine, replacing each other as you climb the mountains, hide their secrets. Even the forests within the reserve are different. In the north there are practically only firs, to the south - cedars, in the south - deciduous trees. On the tops of the Altai mountains you can see, perhaps, some of the most beautiful places on the planet - alpine meadows.
The reserve is home to 1,480 species of plants, 58 species of mammals, 323 of birds, 6 of reptiles, 18 of fish and about 15 of invertebrates.
The animal world of Altai is rich and diverse: from squirrels and Asian chipmunks to deer, bears and wolverines. One of the most remarkable animals is the lynx.

4. If you have ever been to nature reserves or national parks, write a story about your impressions on a separate sheet of paper. Here you can paste a photo or make a drawing.

5. Project "Wonderful journey through Russia". If the opportunity arises, visit different parts of our country.
Russia is so big and diverse that even in your entire life you won’t be able to visit everywhere. And yet, try to see with your own eyes the plains and mountains, seas, lakes and rivers of our Motherland. How interesting it is to visit the tundra, forests, steppes or the Black Sea! Many valuable observations and wonderful discoveries can be made in nature reserves and national parks in Russia.
Make drawings or paste photos of your trip. In your captions, express your attitude towards the nature of your native country.

Give a class presentation of projects. Compare your travel experiences and draw a general conclusion. Write it down.

The Caucasus Mountains are mesmerizing, you look at them and your eyes rest, your soul rejoices. the heart beats faster.

The Black Sea is mysterious and exciting, boundless, endless! The sea is so beautiful! It is either calm, quiet, majestic, or it is stormy, only the waves foam, playing with the wind!

The forest is part of national Russian culture. This is a source of inspiration, and of life itself: it will feed you and give you a roof.

Great Baikal is the most beautiful and majestic lake on the planet.

Protected areas have existed in Russia since ancient times. Even primitive people noticed how quickly hunting grounds were becoming poorer and depleted. The first “events” to protect nature were of a religious nature. There were “holy places”, “protected forests”, “forbidden places”.

Various animals were endowed with supernatural, mysterious traits: bears, beavers and many others. That is why, for a long time, the most beautiful areas of nature, individual animals and plants have come under special protection.

State nature reserves, including biosphere - areas of territory completely withdrawn from their normal economic use, in which people stop all their interference in natural processes in order to compare the latter with developed lands. Nature reserves are considered as research institutions performing scientific conservation and cultural and educational functions.

They are used as a background reserve-reference object in the study of biosphere processes. There are about 90 nature reserves in Russia, including 16 biosphere reserves.

Natural national parks— vast territories where regulated tourism and recreation of people are provided, and environmental knowledge is promoted. National parks also have areas for economic use.

Natural parks- territories of particular aesthetic and environmental value, with a relatively mild security regime and used primarily for organized recreation of the population.

Wildlife sanctuaries - territories created for a certain period (in some cases permanently) for the preservation or restoration of natural complexes or their components.

Natural monuments- unique, non-reproducible natural objects that have scientific, environmental, cultural and aesthetic value (caves, ancient trees, rocks, waterfalls, etc.). Any activity that violates their safety is prohibited in these territories.

Dendrological parks and botanical gardens— environmental institutions whose task is to create collections of trees and shrubs in order to preserve biological diversity and enrich the flora, as well as for scientific, educational, cultural and educational purposes. Work is also underway to introduce and acclimatize plants new to the region.

Natural reserves of Russia

In Russia, at the beginning of 2006, there were 101 state nature reserves with a total area of about 340,000 km2. Nature reserves are located in all natural zones - from arctic deserts on Wrangel Island to subtropics (Caucasus Nature Reserve) in 70 regions of the Russian Federation. The largest of them is the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve (the area is 4 million 169.2 hectares; it is the largest in Eurasia), and the smallest is Galichya Mountain in the Lipetsk region (231 hectares; it is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the smallest in world). Before 1916, only local hunting reserves and private reserves existed in our country. Barguzinsky is considered the first official state reserve in Russia. It was established by a decree of the Irkutsk Governor-General in 1916, and in 1917 its creation was formalized by a government decree. However, according to some sources, it is believed that the Sayan Nature Reserve was opened somewhat earlier than Barguzinsky, although at that time it was not officially registered. The youngest reserve today is the Kologrivsky Forest, created in 2006.

Pechora-Ilychsky Reserve

Pechora-Ilychsky Reserve located on the western slopes of the Northern Urals in the taiga zone. The reserve was established in 1930 to preserve the unique flora and fauna of the Urals. About 40 species of mammals live here: elk, reindeer, wolf, wolverine, beaver, sable, marten; 200 species of birds. The rivers contain valuable species of fish - salmon, whitefish, grayling, taimen. In 1984, the Pechora-Ilychsky Nature Reserve was awarded biosphere status.

Kronotsky Reserve

Kronotsky State Reserve was established in 1934 to restore the number of Kamchatka sable. Since 1967, it has existed as a biosphere reserve and includes unique objects of Kamchatka nature: the Valley of Geysers, the Uzon caldera, Kronotskoye Lake, nine active volcanoes, and a grove of graceful fir. Thus, the territory of the reserve covers the main landscapes of Kamchatka - the ocean coast, tundra, taiga, mountains, volcanoes.

Here you can find geysers, thermal springs, different in temperature and mineral composition; hydrothermal springs with temperatures above +100 °C; warm and cold carbon dioxide mineral springs. Their occurrence is associated with earthquakes and. There are about 160 volcanoes in Kamchatka, 29 of them are active.

Cedar Pad

Kedrovaya Pad Nature Reserve was formed in 1916 on the coast of the Amur Bay to protect the natural resources of the Ussuri taiga. Korean cedar, reaching a height of 40 m and more than 1 m in diameter, velvet, walnut, ash, linden, oak, and ginseng grow here. The main object of protection of the reserve is the Ussuri tiger.

Other reserves in Russia

There are several nature reserves in the tundra, one of which is Kandalaksha. It was opened in 1932 on the coast of the Kola Peninsula. Wild reindeer, as well as various species of birds, are protected here.

In 1996, the first tundra ornithological reserve was created on Wrangel Island, where birds are studied and protected. The main object of observation in the reserve is polar geese, which nest in these parts.

In the Siberian taiga, the first natural park was created in 1995. It is called "Kondinskie Lakes" Picturesque ponds, pine forests, an abundance of mushrooms and berries, excellent places for hunting and fishing attract tourists and vacationers here.

The fauna of these places is surprisingly diverse: river beaver, sable, otter, wolverine, fox, reindeer, muskrat. Birds: wood grouse, black grouse, partridge, gray crane, white-tailed eagle, whooper swan.

National parks of Russia

In 1987, there were 156 nature reserves and 17 national parks in our country. Now the number of the latter has increased significantly. There are currently 34 of them.

The national parks include the most picturesque and naturally valuable territories (Valdai, Samara Luka, Meshchera, Curonian Spit, Elbrus, Baikal, etc.), many of them have received international recognition and are included in the World Heritage List.

Every year, national parks attract more and more travelers not only from Russia, but also from abroad. Visitors to the national park are offered interesting excursions along hiking and horseback riding routes, fishing trips, photo hunting, skiing and snowmobiling, and much more.

On the territory of the former USSR, the first national park appeared in the Estonian SSR on the coast of the Gulf of Finland in 1971 - this Lahemaa(Est. - land of the bay). The first to be discovered on Russian territory was Sochi National Park - May 5, 1983 The youngest national park in Russia today is the Russian Arctic, located in the Arkhangelsk region. It was opened on June 15, 2009. The possibility of creating a national park "Mologa" in the Yaroslavl region is being considered.

Now in Russia there are 40 national parks, the territories of which cover almost all natural zones: from the taiga to the mountain peaks of the Caucasus, from the Baltic Sea to the mountainous regions of southern Transbaikalia. The largest in area - National Park "Udege Legend"", located in the Primorsky Territory. Its area is 88,600 km2. The smallest is the Curonian Spit, which occupies the territory of not only the Russian Kaliningrad region, but also Lithuania.

Let's talk about some national parks in central Russia.

Smolensk Lake District

National Park "Smolensk Lakeland" created in 1992 in a unique corner of Central Russian nature. It is located in the north-west of the Smolensk region. This is the land of lakes. The park's water system is complemented by 16 rivers, mineral springs, and high-moor sphagnum bogs.

The watershed of the Baltic and Black Seas passes through the park. The terrain bears traces of the ancient Valdai glaciation. All the lakes, and there are 35 of them, are of glacial origin. Each one is unique in its own way. For example, Lake Chistik has amazingly clear water, Lake Mutnoye has healing mud, Baklanovskoye is the deepest. And Lake Sapsho is famous for the fact that on its shore there is a museum-estate of the famous Russian traveler Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky.

There is fish in the park's lakes. There are many birds and animals in the forests. You can meet a bear, elk, wild boar, and roe deer. Hunting them is, of course, prohibited. You can only watch and photograph them.

Oryol Polesie

National Park "Oryol Polesie" located at the junction of the forest and forest-steppe zones. The park's topography is an undulating plain composed of fluvio-glacial sands and loams. There are sand dunes up to 10 m high. The territory is dissected by a dense network of river valleys and gullies. There are two lakes and several dozen artificial reservoirs here. The park is home to the common crane, muskrat, badger, beaver, lynx and even the dark European forest bee.

Ugra National Park

Ugra National Park in the Kaluga region was opened to tourists on July 1, 1997. It is located in the picturesque valleys of the Ugra and Zhizdra rivers, as well as on the left bank of the Oka. The length of the park from north to south is 130 km, and from west to east - 80 km, which provides a sufficient variety of natural landscapes. The content of the national park is historical and natural. There are 21 natural monuments, more than 30 architectural monuments, famous spiritual centers, and about 100 archaeological sites.

The Ugra River in the national park flows through sparsely populated, wooded areas. Its steep banks are surrounded by green pine forests. The water is so clean that it contains plants that are indicators of water purity: white water lily, freshwater sponge - thistle. One of the most mysterious places in the park is the forest tract “Devil's Settlement” with impenetrable forests, deep gloomy ravines, steep cliffs, boulders and caves. Archaeologists have found traces of an ancient human settlement here (Iron Age).

Nechkinsky

National Park "Nechkinsky" was organized in 1997. It is located at the junction of the taiga and coniferous-deciduous forests of the Urals. The territory, stretching for a good hundred kilometers above and below the dam of the Botkin Reservoir, is covered with light pine forests, interspersed in depressions with spruce and birch forests with an admixture of fir, larch, linden and oak.

In forests, lakes and rivers, meadows and swamps, 745 species of plants grow and 114 species of animals live. The territory of the national park contains numerous archaeological, historical and cultural monuments from different eras.

Landscapes and panoramas of the vast water and forest expanses of the park attract painters, photography enthusiasts and tourists.

Nature reserves of Russia

Another form of protected natural areas is nature reserves.

Reserve- a section of territory or water area within which not the entire natural complex is under special protection, as in a reserve, but only its individual elements: vegetation, all or some species of animals, etc.

Unlike a reserve, the lands of a reserve are not confiscated from the land user; only certain types of activities are limited for a certain period of time (plowing, logging, haymaking, hunting, fishing, tourism, etc.).

Currently, there are 69 federal reserves in Russia with a total area of about 170,000 km 2 in 45 constituent entities of the Federation and about 12 thousand regional reserves. Among the first reserves established in 1958, it should be mentioned Tseysky(regional, North Ossetia - Alania), Priazovsky(federal, Krasnodar region), Khingan-Arkharinsky(federal, Amur region), Voronezh(federal, Voronezh region), Kirzinsky(federal. Novosibirsk region), Tyumen(federal, Tyumen region), Yaroslavsky(federal, Yaroslavl region).