Water for injection: how much it costs, composition of the injection mixture. Distilled sterile water Therapeutic effect of saline solution

Water is pharmacologically indifferent, accessible and dissolves many medicinal substances well, but at the same time, some medicinal substances are hydrolyzed in it quite quickly and microorganisms multiply. This is the cheapest solvent used in 68% of cases of making solutions (excluding tinctures and decoctions). Water is close in structure and composition to the internal environment of the body; it is easily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and intramuscular injections (unlike oil solutions) are painless; intravenous administration of medicinal substances that can dissolve in water is also possible, since it is quite easy to achieve the required pH level solution (human blood pH 7.36-7.42), in contrast to the impossibility of administering other (for example, alcohol) solutions.

Demineralized water (Aqua demineralisata)

Demineralized water is obtained by desalting tap water using special ion exchange resins. Demineralized water can be used for washing pharmaceutical glassware and various packaging. Demineralized water should not be used for parenteral use, but can be used for the preparation of all liquid dosage forms, solutions, and reagents. If demineralized water is used to prepare ophthalmic medications, it must be sterilized immediately before preparing the medication.

Recently, attention has been paid to the use of demineralized water instead of distilled water. This is due to the fact that electric distillers often break down. The high salt content in the source water leads to the formation of scale on the walls of the evaporator, which worsens the distillation condition and reduces the quality of the water. Various installations are used to desalinize water. The principle of their operation is based on the fact that water is freed from salts when passing it through ion exchange resins. The main part of such installations are columns filled with cation exchangers and anion exchangers. The activity of cation exchangers is determined by the presence of carboxyl or sulfonic groups, which have the ability to exchange H + ions for ions of alkali and alkaline earth metals. Anion exchangers - most often products of poly- and amines with formaldehyde, exchange their hydroxyl groups OH for anions. The installations also have containers for solutions of acid, alkali and distilled water for resin regeneration

Water for injection (Aqua pro injectionibus)

Water for injection (GFC, article No. 74). To prepare injectable dosage forms of water-soluble drugs (as well as eye drops, solutions for irrigation and washing of wound surfaces), water for injection is used, which, in addition to the requirements for distilled water, must satisfy the requirement for the absence of pyrogenic substances (the latter means quite complex products vital activity of microorganisms introduced into the distillate with tiny droplets of water; the result of pyrogens entering the body with injection is an increase in temperature and blood pressure, headache, etc.).

Water for injection is stored under special conditions that exclude the possibility of microorganisms from the environment entering it (aseptic conditions). Water for injection is suitable for the preparation of appropriate dosage forms within no more than 24 hours from the moment of its receipt.

Distilled water (Aqua destillata)

Distilled water (GFC, article No. 73). As you know, drinking water always contains impurities of various chemical compounds dissolved in it and is therefore not suitable for preparing medicines. Solutions of medicinal substances for external and internal use are prepared only with distilled water.

Distilled water is the most widely used solvent in the manufacture of medicines and its quality is standardized by a special article of the Civil Code.

Distilled water should be colorless, transparent, odorless and tasteless: the pH of distilled water should be in the range of 5.0-6.8. Distilled water should not contain chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, nitrites, calcium salts and heavy metals. After evaporating 100 ml of distilled water, the residue, brought by drying at 100-105 ° C to constant weight, should not exceed 0.001%. After boiling for 10 minutes 100 ml of distilled water in the presence of 1 ml of 0.01 N. a solution of potassium permanganate and 2 ml of dilute sulfuric acid, the pink color of the solution should remain (reducing substances). After shaking distilled water with an equal volume of lime water in a well-closed and filled to the top container for 1 hour, there should be no cloudiness (carbonic anhydride).

To obtain distilled water in a pharmacy, tap water is used; in rural areas where there is no centralized water supply, well water or from artesian wells is used. In the first case, the water is distilled directly, without any treatment; in the second case, preliminary preparation is necessary: softening, destruction of organic impurities, binding of ammonia.

Water for injection is a special sterile liquid that has no color, taste or smell. Water is extremely important for humans, because it is what maintains the normal course of metabolic processes. Therefore, for injections it is often necessary that a solution of the drug be prepared in the required dosage. This is why this water is used, standardized according to several pharmacopoeial articles (hereinafter referred to as FS). Let's figure out what it is and what it is theoretically needed for.

When is it used?

This water for injection is used either as a carrier or as a diluent in the preparation of infusion or injection solutions from:

powders;
dry substances for preparing injections;
concentrates for preparing infusions;
lyophilisates;
infusion and injection solutions with inappropriate concentrations, and so on.

That is, water for injection is needed to dissolve or dilute drugs (depending on what requirements their instructions impose) before they are administered intramuscularly, intravenously or subcutaneously. The form of release of such liquid is ampoules. The shape is almost always the same, but the volume can vary.

Water for injection is not the same as saline solution. If the saline solution is sodium chloride, then the water for injection is distilled/sterile water, previously prepared in a special way.

Here is some more information about this water:

Composition and creation

Water for injection is water that has been purified from any biological or chemical impurities, including:

gases;
salt;
pyrogenic substances;
microorganisms;
any other form of microimpurities.

Such liquid is purified using the reverse osmosis method, that is, a special technology for separating organic compounds. Also, such water can be distilled so that its composition is certainly pure. In order for it to be distilled, it is first transferred into steam and then returned back to the liquid state. All these procedures are carried out in compliance with the highest hygienic requirements, everything takes place in a special aseptic unit, where it is unacceptable to carry out any other actions not directly related to the distillation of water. That’s why this water always comes out sterile. Such application requirements are imposed by the FS, and the requirements for the use of the FS must be complied with. It is also necessary to respect the expiration date; if the expiration date is violated, the effects may be negative.

Characteristics

Water for injection necessarily has a number of characteristics (they are required by the FS; in addition to the FS, distilled/sterile water is standardized according to GOST), which distinguish it from any other water. Here are the parameters and requirements that must be observed:

pH value cannot be higher than 5.0-7.0;
there cannot be any amount of reducing substances, calcium, chlorides, nitrates, carbon dioxide, or heavy metals;
According to the Federal Law, one milliliter of water cannot contain more than one hundred microorganisms;
water must certainly be pyrogen-free;
ammonia content must be standardized;
antimicrobial type substances cannot be present;
There cannot be any additives present at all.

Application

Instructions for use of this liquid depend on which medications it is used with. The requirements are imposed precisely by the medicine that is diluted in this water, therefore it is necessary that the instructions for use that come with this particular medicine be used. The dosage that will be used to dilute these medications must be indicated there.

If we talk about the requirements common to all medicines, it is that water for injection must be used under aseptic conditions, so that there is not the slightest risk that it will not be sterile enough.

Interaction

When water for injection is mixed with other drugs, it is necessary to visually monitor compatibility. If you do not do this, you may miss pharmaceutical incompatibilities.

It is important to remember that if the requirements for the drug indicate the need to use a different type of liquid, for example, a special saline solution must be used, then drinking water is unacceptable. It also cannot be used for external use; the requirements for them are also completely different.

Suitability

The shelf life of such water can be up to three years. When the expiration date has expired, this water should not be consumed. It is important to remember that the expiration date is for storage at an approximate temperature of 2 to 25 ° C without freezing.

What is an intravenous infusion?
Why is calcium chloride used intravenously? Peripheral intravenous catheter - an effective tool for blood vessels

LSR-00673 0/09-210809

Trade name of the drug: Water for injections

INN or group name: Water

Dosage form:

Solvent for the preparation of dosage forms for injections

Compound:

Water for injections - 5ml

Description: Colorless, transparent, odorless liquid

Pharmacotherapeutic group:

Solvent, auxiliary substance

ATX Code:

Pharmacological action
Water for injection is used for the preparation of injection solutions, providing optimal conditions for the compatibility and effectiveness of substrates and water.

Pharmacokinetics
With the introduction of constantly alternating water and electrolytes, homeostasis is maintained by the kidneys.

Indications for use
As a carrier or diluent for the preparation of sterile injection solutions from powders, lyophilisates and concentrates. Used for the preparation of sterile solutions, incl. for subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous administration.

Contraindications
Water for injection is not used as a solvent for drugs if another solvent is specified.

Directions for use and doses
Doses and rates of administration must comply with the dosage instructions for diluted medications.

The preparation of medicinal solutions using water for injection must be carried out under sterile conditions (opening ampoules, filling syringes and containers with medicinal products).

Interaction
When mixed with other drugs (infusion solutions, concentrates for preparing infusions; injection solutions, powders, dry substances for preparing injections), visual control for compatibility is required (pharmaceutical incompatibility may occur).

Special conditions
Water for injection cannot be directly administered intravascularly due to low osmotic pressure (risk of hemolysis).

Release form
Solvent for the preparation of dosage forms for injection. 5 ml in neutral glass ampoules. 5 ampoules in a PVC blister pack, followed by placing two ampoules along with instructions for use and a ceramic ampoule scarifier in a cardboard pack. When using ampoules with a ring or break point, do not insert a scarifier.

Storage conditions
At a temperature not higher than +30°C. Keep out of the reach of children.

Best before date
4 years. Do not use after the expiration date stated on the package.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies
According to the recipe.

Manufacturer/organization accepting complaints
LLC Firm "Ferment", 123423 Moscow, st. Nizhniye Mnevniki, 37A.
Production address: 143422 Moscow region, Krasnogorsky district, village. Petrovo-Dalnee.

Content

Many medications intended for injection must first be dissolved or diluted to the desired concentration. For this purpose, a universal solvent is used - water. To be used for medical purposes, it must meet certain requirements. Water for injection, unlike saline solution, which contains sodium chloride, is distilled, sterile water, processed in a certain way.

What is water for injection

Liquid for injection can be used as a carrier of the main drug (parenteral use) or as a diluting agent for infusion and injection solutions with inappropriate concentrations. Water is produced in the form of glass or polymer fiber ampoules of various filling volumes. Intended, among other things, for external use: wetting dressings, washing wounds and mucous membranes. Medical instruments are soaked and washed in injection water during the sterilization process.

Compound

Sterile water has no taste, color or smell. In a special way, the composition of water for injection is cleared of all inclusions: gases, salts, biological components, as well as any microimpurities. This is achieved in two stages. The first is purification by reverse osmosis, during which organic inclusions are separated from water. The second is distillation: the liquid is converted into a vapor state and then returned to its original form. In this way, maximum purity is achieved. Injection water does not have pharmacological activity.

Indications

Used for the preparation of sterile injection solutions from dry matter (powders, concentrates, lyophilisates). Can be used to prepare infusions for subcutaneous, intravenous and intramuscular administration. The dosage and method of administration are determined by the drug to be diluted (the manufacturer prescribes these features in the instructions for the drug). The only universal rule is that water must be used under aseptic conditions from the moment the ampoule is opened until the syringes are filled.

Contraindications

Although water is considered a universal solvent, there are preparations that involve the use of another type of liquid. For example, saline solution, oil solvents, etc. These kinds of features must be prescribed in the instructions for the diluted medicinal product. The injection liquid cannot be mixed with preparations for external use, since they use a different type of solvent.

Requirements for water for injection

The pH value of injection water should not be higher than 5.0-7.0. The concentration of microorganisms in 1 ml is no more than 100. It must be pyrogen-free (devoid of substances that cause an increase in temperature when injecting liquid into the body), with a normalized ammonia content. In water that meets the requirements, the presence of sulfates, chlorides, heavy metals, calcium, nitrates, carbon dioxide and reducing substances is unacceptable.

Instructions for use of water for injection

Doses and rates of administration must comply with the instructions for medical use of the diluted drug. When mixing injection water with powder or concentrate, close visual monitoring of the condition of the resulting liquid should be carried out, since pharmaceutical incompatibility is possible. The appearance of any sediment should be a signal to stop using the mixture. Low osmotic pressure does not allow direct intravascular injection of water - there is a risk of hemolysis.

The shelf life of preparations such as injectable water is no more than 4 years (the release date must be indicated by the manufacturer on the packaging). The storage conditions for the liquid are determined by the temperature range from 5 to 25 degrees. Freezing of the drug is not allowed. After opening the ampoule, it must be used within 24 hours. At the same time, it is stored under sterile conditions. The drug is available in pharmacies by prescription.

What to replace

Often, the injection liquid can be replaced with saline solution or a solution of 0.5% novocaine (used for diluting antibiotics and some physical preparations, the administration of which is accompanied by painful sensations). However, this kind of replacement is permissible only when such a possibility is specified in the instructions for the drug being diluted. If there are no additional recommendations on this matter, you should consult with your pharmacist or your doctor about the possibility of replacing water with other liquids.

Price for water for injections

The cost of the liquid depends on the manufacturer and the volume of filling ampoules in the package. You can buy it at almost any pharmacy. The price level in retail outlets in Moscow and St. Petersburg is approximately the same, but if you order the drug in online stores, it will cost slightly less.

	Manufacturer and packaging	Price (in rubles)
	Microgen (Russia), ampoule 2 ml, 10 pcs. in packaging

	Biokhimik (Russia), ampoule 5 ml, 10 pcs. in packaging
	Grotex (Russia), ampoule 2 ml, 10 pcs. in packaging
	Atoll (Russia), ampoule 2 ml, 10 pcs. in packaging
	Novosibkhimpharm (Russia), ampoule 2 ml, 10 pcs. in packaging
ZdravCity	Borisov Medical Preparations Plant (Republic of Belarus), 5 ml ampoule, 10 pcs. in packaging
	Mapichem AG (Switzerland), ampoule 5 ml, 10 pcs. in packaging
	Update (Russia), ampoule 2 ml, 10 pcs. in packaging
ElixirPharm	Grotex (Russia), ampoule 10 ml, 10 pcs. in packaging

Water - get a worker at Academician or profitably at a sale in Technopark

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