What can cause pathologies in the fetus? Intrauterine growth and development retardation (ZUR). Main causes of malnutrition

Also, alcohol, cigarettes and drugs can be teratogenic and should be avoided during pregnancy. Known viral diseases, congenital rubella syndrome, characterized by heart disease, deafness and congenital cataracts. Prevention is carried out through vaccination. Something similar happens with cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, syphilis and AIDS infections, diseases that need to be treated before pregnancy.

Special group of environmental teratogens - industrial pollutants, pesticides and pesticides used in agriculture. It consists mainly of terminating pregnancy in situations where a defect is diagnosed that is incompatible with ectopic life; in situations where maternal health is at risk or in situations that are incompatible with life, the couple requests termination in accordance with the legal conditions that apply in our country.

Adult period of life

Collaborative project to prevent neural tube defects. This is called intrauterine growth restriction, when the fetus has more low weight than it would be for your gestational age. These babies usually have low birth weight. Not all low-weight fetuses are pathologically stunted, but some are genetically determined.

• Difficulty managing the stress of vaginal delivery.
• Low blood sugar at birth Less resistance to infections.
• Problems maintaining body temperature.
• Abnormally high number of red blood cells.
• Increased risk of intrauterine fetal death.

Mycoplasma, chlamydia, toxoplasmosis, etc. birth defects development Uterine or placental disorders Thrombophilia Smoking behavior Consumption of alcohol, coffee and drugs Stress Lack of prenatal control. During pregnancy, ultrasound checks are performed to ensure that the baby is growing normally.

The danger posed by zur

During an ultrasound, the size of the baby's head, abdomen and femur. These measurements will indicate whether the child is developing normally. The quantity will also be determined amniotic fluid present in the uterus. Along with ultrasound guidance, your doctor will ask ultrasound examination Doppler This test evaluates fetal circulation and determines whether your baby is receiving sufficient quantity blood or poses a risk of continuing inside the uterus.

Another test that may be done is fetal monitoring. Rest: rest in the left side view is the most effective method, helping to increase blood flow to the uterus. Improvement general measures: Prohibit tobacco, caffeine, anxiety calm mother, There is proper diet to improve maternal weight.

• Platelet antiplatelet agents: daily aspirin.
• Maturation of the fetal lungs.
• Treatment of maternal pathology: hypertension, anemia, etc.

This will be the moment when the pregnancy is terminated. Factors that must be taken into account to make these decisions. Doppler ultrasonography results show abnormal values ​​indicating that the baby is at risk.

Association with diseases that compromise the placental uterine flow, such as hypertension and preeclampsia-eclampsia. Gestation period. If there are no signs of problems with the baby during labor, it is advisable to have a vaginal delivery. It is likely that, especially if the baby was born prematurely, you will need to stay in the hospital until you can breathe and eat normally.

Everyone understands the importance of a child growing well and will worry if their child fails to develop normally. But most people don't know that one in ten babies don't develop well before birth, that is, during pregnancy, which can have important consequences.

Placenta necessary for fetal development

In most cases, this is due to a malfunction of the placenta. The placenta is the organ that the baby uses to get all the food it needs from the mother and to which it is connected by the umbilical cord. It can be compared to a radiator: the baby's blood is sent to the placenta, it flows through it, collects nutrients and returns to the fetus, which thus receives food and oxygen. In a proportion of pregnancies, the placenta does not develop properly and is not large enough to feed the baby as needed.

Following the example of a radiator, when stunting occurs, some of the pipes become blocked so that the same amount of fluid cannot circulate. This means that in at the moment the child does not get everything he needs and, like any other living being in the same situation, his growth is affected. This appears later in pregnancy and allows it to be performed in most cases. However, identifying the problem is critical to preventing complications during labor, as oxygen restriction can interfere with the baby's ability to tolerate contractions.

We believed that brain plasticity allowed the child to recover from the restriction after birth. The fetus must adapt to this situation by changing the development of its organs. The life of a fetus is a moment that has crucial, because during this period what we call programming is given, that is, the moment when genes determine the way our different organs depending on the environment they encounter. Temporary absence nutrients influences this programming because our genes do not know the duration of this restriction.

Therefore they are "programmed" to function as if the situation were constant, "assume" that this is the amount of nutrients and oxygen they will have to work with and they adapt to it in order to survive. But this has a price, adaptation allows us to survive, but it does not always make us better.

In short, pregnancy represents the period of creation of a human being, so logically it is a very delicate moment and any change, especially lack of food and oxygen, can have serious consequences. In this sense, there are three clear examples of the consequences of fetal growth retardation. In the case of the brain, areas responsible for more basic functions are prioritized, those related to survival, above higher ones, more associated with intelligence. This explains the increase in neurodestructive disorders in children.

In adulthood

On the other hand, the heart also adapts to expansion more to pump up more blood with less energy. This results in deterioration of the arteries and an increased risk of hypertension and other cardiovascular problems in adult life. Finally, food restriction forces the system to become accustomed to managing less food; After birth, the acquisition of nutrients is normalized, but the body is not ready to tolerate it, which can cause metabolic disorders such as diabetes or obesity.

Importance of Research

Our research group in Barcelona has made a major contribution to justifying the importance of this fetal growth restriction through several studies that have laid the foundations for a new field in preventive medicine. These findings may be susceptible to triggering some anxiety, but should nonetheless be viewed as an excellent opportunity. Therefore, we must understand the importance of this situation not only diagnostic level, but also as a starting point for creating solutions. Every time we talk more about healthy aging, we want to live longer and better, and we are increasingly aware that health begins to be programmed during fetal life, which is certainly one of the most important phases of our existence.

So identifying problems at the embryonic stage opens a window of opportunity: we know much more about what's going on than we do about how to fix it. We know that programming does not end with the life of the fetus, but continues for many years, especially the first two years of life. Therefore, we can use this period, this “window of opportunity,” to intervene and improve problems that arise in the life of the fetus. As an example, research from our group has shown that supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet of children with increased risk significantly improves them blood pressure in five years.

This very well illustrates the ability of fetal medicine to move towards the personalized medicine we want in the future: identifying a problem before it becomes acute and treating it in a timely manner to prevent it from growing or even going away.

The stakes for preventive medicine

Thus, intrauterine growth retardation should be considered a problem, but fortunately it can be easy problem, if detected earlier. Small interventions in right time can minimize their consequences. Therefore, it is very important to detect it. Proper Use ultrasound and small actions, such as monitoring fetal movements in the third trimester, allows detection of most cases. This will allow us to take advantage of the opportunities that the programming phase offers us with new solutions that will revolutionize the way preventive medicine is understood in the coming years.

The more you demonstrate this Wednesday a new medical innovation, the so-called “pancreatic surgery,” performed on a child before she is born. In this procedure, doctors leave the woman's uterus open, manipulate the fetus with her back, then place the baby back in the belly and close it.

For Dr. Antonio Moron, this operation is performed with all the rigor of high-complexity surgery. The incision is made in abdominal cavity, How C-section, just a little higher. The uterus is externalized, so the neurologist can perform the operation in the same way as after birth. This technique is called open-air surgery because it exposes the baby's back area, the obstetrician explained.