Frequent sweating. The main groups of diseases that are accompanied by increased sweating, and effective methods of treatment

Excessive sweating is a problem familiar to many. It can seriously ruin the quality of life in any area: in personal relationships, in communication with other people, at work. A person who sweats excessively sometimes evokes pity from others. But most often they treat him with disgust. Such a person is forced to move less, she avoids shaking hands. Hugs are generally taboo for her. As a result, a person loses contact with the world. To reduce the severity of their problem, people resort to various cosmetic products or folk remedies. At the same time, they don’t think at all that such a condition can be dictated by illnesses. It is important to understand what diseases cause a person to sweat a lot? After all, you can get rid of symptoms only by eliminating the pathology that provoked it.

Main reasons

The problem of this unpleasant phenomenon continues to be studied by doctors to this day. And, unfortunately, if a person knows what this means, doctors cannot always explain.

However, experts have identified several main causes of hyperhidrosis, or increased sweating:

Pathology is caused by diseases that occur in a latent or open form.
Taking certain medications.
An individual characteristic of the body, which is most often inherited.

But often the problem is hidden in illnesses. Therefore, it is very important to understand under what diseases a person sweats a lot.

Doctors say that hyperhidrosis can be triggered by:

endocrine disorders;
infectious pathologies;
neurological diseases;
tumors;
genetic failure;
kidney diseases;
cardiovascular diseases;
acute poisoning;
withdrawal syndrome.

Let's look at them in more detail.

Endocrine diseases

Any disturbances in this system almost always provoke hyperhidrosis. For example, why do people with diabetes sweat a lot? This is due to increased metabolism, vasodilation and increased blood flow.

The most common systems are:

Hyperthyroidism. The pathology is characterized by increased functioning of the thyroid gland. In addition to excessive sweating, other symptoms of the disease are often present. A person with hyperthyroidism has a tumor on his neck. Its size reaches a chicken egg, and sometimes more. A characteristic sign of the disease are protruding eyes. Increased sweating is provoked by thyroid hormones, leading to strong heat generation. As a result, the body “turns on” protection against overheating.
Diabetes. A serious pathology characterized by increased levels of glucose in the blood. Sweating in diabetes manifests itself in quite a peculiar way. The upper region (face, palms, armpits) suffers from hyperhidrosis. And the lower one, on the contrary, is excessively dry. Additional symptoms indicating diabetes are: excess weight, frequent urination at night, feeling constantly thirsty, and high irritability.
Obesity. In obese people, the functioning of the endocrine glands is disrupted. In addition, the basis of hyperhidrosis is lack of exercise and addiction to unhealthy diets. Spicy food and an abundance of spices can activate the work
Pheochromocytoma. The underlying cause of the disease is an adrenal tumor. With the disease, hyperglycemia, weight loss and increased sweating are observed. Symptoms are accompanied by high blood pressure and rapid heartbeat.

Women suffer from increased hyperhidrosis during menopause. This phenomenon is dictated by disrupted hormonal levels.

Infectious pathologies

Hyperhidrosis is very typical of such ailments. It is easy to explain why a person sweats a lot during infectious pathologies. The reasons are hidden in the heat transfer mechanism by which the body reacts to increased temperature.

Infectious diseases that increase sweat production include:

Flu, ARVI. Severe sweating is characteristic of a person at the initial stage of the disease. This reaction is dictated precisely by high temperature.
Bronchitis. The pathology is accompanied by severe hypothermia. Accordingly, the body tries to protect itself and normalize heat transfer.
Tuberculosis. This disease is the answer to the question of what disease causes a person to sweat a lot at night. After all, hyperhidrosis during sleep is a classic symptom of pulmonary tuberculosis. However, the mechanism of development of such a trait has not yet been fully established.
Brucellosis. The pathology is transmitted to humans from animals through contaminated milk. The symptom of the disease is prolonged fever. The disease affects the musculoskeletal, nervous, and reproductive systems. Leads to enlargement of lymph nodes, spleen, and liver.
Malaria. The carrier of the disease, as is known, is the mosquito. With pathology, a person experiences: relapsing fever, profuse sweating and bouts of chills.
Septicemia. This diagnosis is made to a person who has bacteria in his blood. Most often these are streptococci and staphylococci. The disease is characterized by: severe chills, fever, excessive sweating and sudden temperature rises to very high levels.
Syphilis. The disease can affect the nerve fibers that are responsible for the production of sweat. Therefore, hyperhidrosis is often observed with syphilis.

Neurological diseases

Certain lesions of the central nervous system can cause a person to sweat profusely.

The causes of hyperhidrosis are sometimes hidden in diseases:

Parkinsonism. In pathology, the autonomic system is damaged. As a result, the patient often experiences increased sweating in the facial area.
Tabes dorsalis. The disease is characterized by destruction of the posterior columns and roots of the spinal cord. The patient loses peripheral reflexes and vibration sensitivity. A characteristic symptom is severe sweating.
Stroke. The disease is based on damage to the arteries of the brain. Disturbances can affect the thermoregulation center. In this case, the patient experiences severe and persistent hyperhidrosis.

Oncological pathologies

Fever and excessive sweating are symptoms that almost always accompany these pathologies, especially at the stage of metastases.

Let's consider diseases in which hyperhidrosis is the most common symptom:

Hodgkin's disease. In medicine it is called lymphogranulomatosis. The basis of the disease is tumor damage to the lymph nodes. The initial symptom of the disease is increased sweating at night.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. This is a tumor of lymphoid tissue. Such formations lead to stimulation of the thermoregulation center in the brain. As a result, the patient experiences increased sweat production, especially at night.
Compression by spinal cord metastases. In this case, the autonomic system suffers, which causes an increase in sweating.

Kidney pathologies

It is necessary to know what diseases cause a person to sweat a lot.

Doctors provide the following list of kidney pathologies:

urolithiasis disease;
pyelonephritis;
glomerulonephritis;
uremia;
eclampsia.

Cardiovascular diseases

Acute hyperhidrosis almost always accompanies the acute stages. What diseases cause a person to sweat a lot? As a rule, such symptoms are observed with the following ailments:

myocardial infarction;
hypertonic disease;
thrombophlebitis;
rheumatism;
cardiac ischemia.

Withdrawal syndrome

This phenomenon is typical for people dependent on various types of chemicals. This condition is especially pronounced in drug addicts or alcoholics. As soon as the chemical stimulant stops entering the body, a person experiences severe hyperhidrosis. In this case, the condition persists for the entire period while the “withdrawal” occurs.

Withdrawal syndrome can also be observed when stopping medications. A person reacts with increased sweating to the withdrawal of insulin or analgesic.

Acute poisoning

This is another serious cause of hyperhidrosis. If a person sweats a lot, it is necessary to analyze what food he ate or what chemicals he interacted with.

Often similar symptoms are caused by poisoning caused by:

mushrooms (fly agarics);
organophosphorus poisons, which are used to combat insects or rodents.

As a rule, a person experiences not only increased sweating, but also characteristic lacrimation and salivation. Constriction of the pupils is observed.

Psycho-emotional sphere

Very often, troubles at work and failures in your personal life can lead to such symptoms. In other words, any severe stress can cause hyperhidrosis.

Nervous tension, acute pain or fear often lead to an unpleasant symptom. It’s not for nothing that when talking about extreme emotional stress, a person emphasizes: “I broke into a cold sweat.”

It has been noticed that as soon as the problem that “keeps” the person under stress for a long time is resolved, increased hyperhidrosis disappears.

What to do?

It is very important to understand that the presence of hyperhidrosis is a serious reason to be examined in the hospital. Only after a thorough diagnosis can a doctor tell what disease a person is sweating a lot.

It is very important to answer the doctor’s following questions correctly and in detail:

When did the excessive sweating start?
Frequency of attacks.
What circumstances provoke hyperhidrosis?

Do not forget that many of the pathologies can occur in a latent form. Therefore, a person can feel good for a long time. And only periodic attacks of sweating signal that not everything is fine in the body.

Under hyperehidrosis

General information

Under hyperehidrosis(from the Greek “hyper” - excessive, increased, “hidros” - sweat) in medical practice it is customary to understand profuse sweating that occurs regardless of physical factors: increased physical activity, overheating, high ambient temperature or others. Sweating is a physiological process of secretion of watery secretion (sweat) by the sweat glands, which constantly occurs in the human body. The process of sweating protects the body from hyperthermia (overheating) and helps maintain its homeostasis (constancy): evaporating from the skin, sweat thereby cools the surface of the body and lowers its temperature.

In the body of a healthy person, sweating increases when the ambient temperature rises to 20-25°C, as well as during physical or psycho-emotional stress. When the ambient temperature rises to 36°C and above, the body is thermoregulated with the help of sweating; overheating is not allowed. Increased heat transfer and cooling of the body are facilitated by low relative humidity and active physical movement. On the contrary, in a humid environment with still air, the process of sweat evaporation does not occur, so a long stay in a hot bath or steam room is not recommended. Excessive fluid intake sharply increases sweating, therefore, during intense physical activity or in a room with high air temperatures, you should not drink a lot of water. As a result of psycho-emotional arousal, skin receptors react by stimulating the secretion of sweat. Therefore, increased sweating occurs if a person experiences strong emotions, such as excitement, fear or pain.

Therefore, the main postulate in the fight against hyperhidrosis should be careful adherence to the rules of personal hygiene: you should take a shower daily (and sometimes more than once!), take warm baths for the palms and feet (preferably with an infusion of chamomile or oak bark), and do rubdowns. To eliminate the smell of sweat, it is recommended to use deodorants. It is not recommended to wear clothes, especially underwear and socks, made from synthetic fabrics, as they are not airtight. You should change your underwear, socks, and tights as often as possible. Shoes should be comfortable, light, with special insoles, and open in the summer. It is necessary to limit, and if possible completely exclude from the diet, too hot, spicy foods, alcohol, nicotine, coffee. Foods such as onions, garlic, and spices increase the unpleasant odor of sweat.

If hyperhidrosis is not a symptom accompanying the underlying disease, then the following types of conservative treatment are widely used in medical practice for its treatment:

psychotherapeutic methods
drug therapy
antiperspirants
physiotherapeutic methods

Psychotherapeutic methods of treating hyperhidrosis, in particular hypnosis, are aimed at eliminating the patient's psychological problems. The ability to keep their emotions and fears under control helps some people cope with the problem of hyperhidrosis.

For drug therapy of hyperhidrosis, different groups of drugs are used depending on the severity of the disease and contraindications. Belladonna (belladonna) preparations containing atropine act on the sympathetic nervous system, reducing its excitability and reducing the secretion of sweat glands.

Sedative medications (valerian, motherwort, herbal sedatives, etc.) and tranquilizers are indicated for people with a labile, unstable nervous system. By reducing the excitability of the nervous system, they help cope with everyday stress as a factor in the occurrence of hyperhidrosis. The selection of the correct drug and its dosage should be carried out by a doctor.

Modern methods of treating hyperhidrosis include Botox injections. The pharmacological effect of this treatment method is based on long-term (up to six months or more) blocking of the nerve endings that innervate the sweat glands and a significant reduction in sweating.

Antiperspirants have a local effect and, due to their chemical composition, which includes zinc and aluminum salts, formaldehyde, salicylic acid, triclosan, and ethyl alcohol, prevent sweating. By causing a narrowing or even complete blockage of the excretory ducts of the sweat glands, drugs in this group block the release of sweat to the outside. Side effects from their use include allergic reactions, dermatitis and even severe swelling at the application sites.

Among the physiotherapeutic methods of treatment, hydrotherapy (pine-salt therapeutic baths, contrast showers) is widely used, which has a restorative effect on the nervous system. Electrosleep, a therapeutic method of influencing the brain with low-frequency pulsed current, also has a beneficial effect on the nervous system. The therapeutic effect of electrosleep is based on a sedative effect, enhancing inhibition processes, and improving the functioning of the autonomic nervous system.

Often the problem of hyperhidrosis or erythrophobia is far-fetched by a person and is his psychological problem. In this case, you should consult a psychotherapist for treatment and correction. The disadvantage of conservative treatment of hyperhidrosis is the short-term effect, which requires regular treatment procedures: the effect of antiperspirants lasts up to 6 hours, the effect of Botox injections lasts up to 6 months.

Currently, the following are successfully used in the surgical treatment of hyperhidrosis:

The use of the listed methods of surgical treatment is the safest, gives a lasting positive result, and does not cause fear of side effects. They are low-traumatic and do not cause cosmetic defects, because The procedure is carried out through small punctures measuring only 10 mm. The technique of local surgical methods involves reducing the number of sweat glands, leading to a decrease in sweating. In 90% of cases, the problem of hyperhidrosis and unpleasant odor of sweat is completely eliminated.

Let's take a closer look at local surgical methods for treating hyperhidrosis.

Curettage. The operation involves destruction of nerve endings and subsequent removal of sweat glands at the site of increased sweating. To more accurately determine the zone of hyperhidrosis, an iodine-starch test (Minor test) is performed before the procedure. Surgical procedures are performed under local anesthesia. A 10-millimeter puncture is made (for severe hyperhidrosis - 2 punctures), resulting in skin peeling. Then “scraping” is carried out from the inside.

Curettage is most often used for hyperhidrosis of the axillary zone. Increased sweating and unpleasant odor are eliminated. As complications, it may be accompanied by slight bleeding and hematoma, which are easily removable and safe. After several years, during which the positive effect persists, the nerve endings can be restored, and hyperhidrosis may recur.

Liposuction is indicated for overweight people. The process of sweating in the body is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, part of which is the sympathetic nervous system. During the operation, the nerves of the sympathetic trunk are destroyed and thus the action of the nerve impulse that causes sweating is suppressed. During surgical procedures, a Minor test is performed to determine the zone of hyperhidrosis, a puncture is made, a small tube is inserted into it, through which the nerve endings of the sympathetic trunk are destroyed and axillary tissue is removed. Both the course of the operation and possible side effects are similar to curettage. There is a slight decrease in skin sensitivity at the site of exposure, hemorrhage, and hematomas. If a subcutaneous accumulation of fluid forms, it is removed using a puncture.

Excision gives excellent results in the treatment of hyperhidrosis. However, after the procedure, a small scar (about 3 cm) remains at the site of treatment, causing some stiffness in movement. The operation, as in previous methods, is preceded by the determination of the zone of hyperhidrosis using the Minor test and its further complete excision. Despite all the ambiguity, the high efficiency rate of this method causes increased interest in it.

All of the above methods of local surgical treatment of hyperhidrosis show high efficiency and safety.

Hyperhidrosis is a disease that, like any other, reduces the quality of life and causes physical and psychological discomfort. To cure a disease and relieve its symptoms, and therefore improve a person’s well-being and emotional background, is a completely possible task with the modern level of development of medicine.

Hyperhidrosis can be local (local), in which there is increased sweating in certain parts of the body (armpits, palms and feet), and general.

Treatment of hyperhidrosis should begin with conservative methods. You should seek advice from a psychologist, keep your body clean, and use antiperspirants. In some cases, with a slight increase in sweating, the use of iontophoresis and Botox injections are very effective. In the absence of contraindications, it is possible to use local surgical treatment methods to reduce sweating and get rid of the unpleasant odor of sweat. Curettage, liposuction and excision of the skin of the axillary zone in most cases give a lasting positive treatment result and do not cause serious side effects.

In the event that these methods do not give the expected result, they resort to treating hyperhidrosis using sympathectomy - a surgical intervention called the central method.

Sympathectomy has been used in the treatment of hyperhidrosis since 1946, and its technique is quite well established. This low-traumatic procedure guarantees a positive treatment result that lasts for a long time. However, sympathectomy should be resorted to only in cases of extreme necessity in severe forms of hyperhidrosis that cannot be treated by other known methods. Exposure to the body using this method is fraught with such unpleasant consequences as dry skin of the face and palms. Subsequently, the skin condition returns to normal. A serious warning to performing sympathectomy is the threat of developing compensatory hyperhidrosis, which cannot be predicted or influenced by any treatment methods.

There are several types of sympathectomy:

thoracic and cervical sympathectomy (routine operations);
destruction or clipping of the sympathetic trunk (endoscopic sympathectomy);
chemical blockade or electrical destruction of the sympathetic trunk (percutaneous intervention).

Surgery in all of these cases is performed under general anesthesia. The purpose of the operation is to disrupt the functioning of the sympathetic trunk by completely or partially destroying it. Traditional sympathectomy, performed through an incision in the neck or chest, has now given way to a more gentle and aesthetic endoscopic method. Endoscopic sympathectomy is carried out in one of the following ways: either by destroying the sympathetic trunk with high-frequency current, or by applying a special clip to it. Both methods are highly effective, with irreversible positive results in eliminating hyperhidrosis.

There is a risk of bleeding, increased sweating on the face after eating spicy or hot food, drooping of the eyelid, constriction of the pupil (Horner's syndrome). It is currently not possible to eliminate compensatory hyperhidrosis after destruction of the sympathetic trunk. Compensatory hyperhidrosis in a pronounced form occurs only in 2% of patients who have undergone sympathectomy, and the prognosis for eliminating this side effect when applying a clip is more comforting.

It should be noted that 95% of people who have resorted to sympathectomy do not experience any troubles and are satisfied with the results of the treatment of hyperhidrosis. They overcame their illness and began a new, full life.

In the photo on the right: a patient with primary hyperhidrosis at rest at room temperature. Above - Minor's iodine-starch test on the back of the palms - colors from light orange to purple. Below - the test is repeated with the same patient under the same conditions 2 months after successful endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy.

Complications of sympathectomy - compensatory hyperhidrosis

The operation of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (abbreviated ETS) in the vast majority of cases - 95-98% - gives a lasting long-term effect, however, according to statistics, in every tenth patient it is complicated by the so-called compensatory hyperhidrosis.

The human body is designed in such a way that it constantly tries to replenish the lost function with the help of various compensatory mechanisms. Compensatory hyperhidrosis is the body’s response to a sudden cessation of its usual sweating function in certain areas of the body. Its manifestations are an increase in the intensity of sweating in other parts of the body that were not previously affected by hyperhidrosis. For example, after a sympathectomy of the armpits or palms, the chest or back often begins to sweat, and with a sympathectomy of the feet, the lower torso and thighs often begin to sweat.

The manifestation of compensatory hyperhidrosis cannot be calculated in advance, but the surgeon is obliged to warn the patient who has decided to undergo this operation about the likelihood of this side effect of sympathectomy. If sympathectomy was carried out by clipping the sympathetic trunk, then compensatory hyperhidrosis can still be overcome by repeated surgical intervention (removal of the clip and restoration of the intercostal nerve), whereas after electrical destruction, which implies complete destruction of the sympathetic nerve trunk, correction of compensatory hyperhidrosis is no longer possible. Unfortunately, it is impossible to calculate in advance the likelihood of compensatory hyperhidrosis occurring after radical sympathectomy, but modern medicine is working to find methods for predicting this complication.

Manifestations of compensatory hyperhidrosis due to sympathectomy usually occur in the first months after surgery. Over time, its manifestations may decrease significantly. A constant level of sweating is established within a year after the operation and practically does not change.

Compensatory hyperhidrosis is especially pronounced with increased physical activity, visiting a swimming pool, bathhouse or sauna, or being in a humid, hot environment. Moreover, under normal conditions, sweating can be within the physiological norm. Excessive sweating can be regulated by limiting the consumption of coffee and spices, as well as by air conditioning the room.

Since sympathectomy is a radical surgical treatment method, and like any surgical intervention is fraught with a lot of complications, it should be resorted to only in extreme cases, after all the undertaken methods of conservative treatment have shown their ineffectiveness.

Compensatory hyperhidrosis can be mild or severe, with profuse sweating in other areas of the body.

Compensatory hyperhidrosis can also occur with other surgical techniques, such as liposuction or curettage, also aimed at excision or blocking of sweat glands. However, as a result of these manipulations, its manifestation will not be so pronounced.

It is important for both the patient and the doctor to understand that radical surgical sympathectomy is the operation of choice and does not guarantee a 100% result. First of all, weigh everything “pro et contra” and decide what is least painful for you: living with ordinary hyperhidrosis or struggling with the irreversible consequences of compensatory hyperhidrosis all your life.

The latest methods for treating hyperhidrosis

The newest word in cosmetology is the method of treating hyperhidrosis using laser. Laser technology SmartLipo, familiar to some women and successfully used in the treatment of cellulite, has also found application in the treatment of hyperhidrosis. A unique laser installation first appeared in Moscow in 2007. Experts in the field of cosmetology have expanded the range of indications for laser treatment to include hyperhidrosis. The effect of thermal laser energy on the cells of the sweat gland leads to its complete blocking and cessation of function. The result is a complete cure for hyperhidrosis, which does not require additional interventions.

The manipulation is carried out on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia: a cannula with a laser beam at the end is inserted into the skin through a micropuncture and acts on the gland cells. The procedure is less traumatic due to superficial intervention, takes 20-30 minutes, does not require special preparation and subsequent stay in the clinic.

The risk of complications after laser treatment is practically absent: tissue hyperthermia does not occur, hematomas do not occur at the puncture site, in addition, laser radiation has an additional bactericidal effect on the intervention area.

Hyperhidrosis of the armpits is treated with a neodymium laser, which destroys up to 70% of the sweat glands. In just 1 session, axillary hyperhidrosis is completely cured. As a result of the procedure, the sweat gland is removed once and for all. Treatment of hyperhidrosis using laser technology today is the latest method and has not yet become widespread due to its high cost and insufficient number of trained specialists.

If a person can say to himself with confidence, “I sweat a lot, and this is bothering me,” then it’s time to take action and start treatment. Sweat protects the body from overheating in hot weather and its secretion is a natural process. But if the sweating is regular and profuse, it literally drips from the forehead and back, the legs and palms sweat, we can firmly say that this is hyperhidrosis.
Most people are familiar with this disease, forcing them to strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene, use cosmetics and medications, and look for new ways to get rid of the nauseating odor that invariably accompanies sweat.

For those suffering from hyperhidrosis, it is enough to think about a possible handshake and the palms instantly become wet. Excessive sweating causes uncontrollable fear, which causes sweating. Some people are unable to find an antiperspirant that can completely eliminate sweat because they sweat a lot.

A person is uncomfortable with hugs, close contact with people, and only one thought spins in his head: “I sweat a lot and am unpleasant to others.”
When, you can forget about going on a visit, because there you will have to take off your shoes. It's the same at the doctor's appointment, at the gym, and at the shoe store. Physiologists believe that hyperhidrosis is a kind of vicious circle that not everyone can break alone. A seemingly trivial problem can over time result in depression, insomnia and neurosis, causing a host of related problems with health and life in society.
Even in cold weather, your feet get wet, and a characteristic smell appears in your boots. Sweaty armpits due to the constant use of various cosmetics make clothes unusable, requiring regular replacement of the wardrobe.

It happens that a person changes two or three shirts per day, which need serious washing.
Doctors are trying to treat sweating with sedatives, formalin, hypnosis and surgical methods that cure the disease forever. But due to the high cost, not everyone can afford such an operation.

Types and reasons

Increased sweating is the active secretion of sweat due to the work of sweat glands that receive impulses from nerve endings due to hormonal imbalances or other reasons associated with hidden diseases. The appearance of sweat is stressful for a person, and stress causes a new wave of fluid secretion. Doctors divide hyperhidrosis into general and localized.
The general one manifests itself under the influence of high humidity and air temperature, physical activity, strong emotions and the occurrence of many diseases:

AIDS;
tuberculosis;
malignant neoplasms;
taking medications;
neurological disorders;
thyroid diseases;
diabetes.

Local hyperhidrosis is more common. Divided:

People suffering from severe hyperhidrosis most often suffer from colds and purulent rashes, and regularly wet feet and palms are a breeding ground for the proliferation of fungi. Healthy people sweat during physical activity and hot weather. This is a normal protective reaction of the body. But if there are pathologies in health, excessive sweating is a signal of a disease that needs to be urgently eliminated. The exception is menopause and pregnancy, when there is a dynamic restructuring in the body. As soon as it ends, the tides will stop. In order to alleviate a woman's condition during menopause, doctors prescribe hormonal medications.

When your feet sweat

A person experiencing sweaty feet should pay attention to:

Feet require careful care. In addition to good shoes and clean socks, you need:

Wash your limbs every day with soap and wipe them dry. Dry your feet with a hairdryer.
Keep your feet dry and warm.
When taking a bath, clean your heels with a pumice stone or grater to remove dead cells in which bacteria and microorganisms accumulate.
Antiperspirants help prevent sweat and odor. There is a huge selection of these products on the market. You can choose the right one and use it regularly after taking a shower.
Wash your feet with bactericidal soap. Better economic. It dries the skin and kills germs better than toilet soap.
For treatment, use folk remedies, do not forget to take medicinal baths, drink fresh decoctions and tinctures.

Regardless of whether a person suffers from sweaty feet or not, they should be kept dry. After all, moisture is a source of growth for bacteria that cause an unpleasant odor. The skin of the feet hardens and cracks. Air therapy helps a lot. If you dry your feet with a hairdryer and then use pharmaceutical products, you can not feel discomfort for a long time. Powders provide a healing, drying and deodorizing effect.
It is recommended to use natural powders - crushed oak bark or. They are simply poured into clean socks and worn at night. You can use starch, tea leaves, talc and mixtures thereof. Regular salt is considered a good remedy, neutralizing persistent odors. And if you sprinkle your feet with boric acid powder, not forgetting the areas between the toes, sweating and the characteristic odor will disappear for several weeks.

If your body sweats

The unpleasant sour smell is caused by microbes that multiply from moisture. Itching and irritation, as well as minor inflammatory processes, appear on the skin.

To normalize the release of moisture you need to:

If your hands sweat

Often the problem is caused by fear and stressful situations. To normalize sweating you should:

If your head is sweating

Sweat occurs when the pores are very enlarged. To eliminate it, it is recommended:

use cleansing lotions or scrubs;
apply a pore-tightening mask;
Wipe your face and scalp with milk, decoctions of chamomile and oak bark, and tea leaves.

Night sweats

Both adults and children often complain about it. Night sweats are caused by the autonomic system, not muscle activity, and cannot be treated surgically. Sometimes sweating is caused by insomnia or extreme fatigue. For treatment you need:

drink sedatives - valerian, motherwort, chicory;
ventilate the room;
get rid of irritating factors.

Important! If all factors that can cause hyperhidrosis have been eliminated, but sweat still appears, you should consult a doctor and have a detailed examination of your body.

Treatment

Methods of combating intense sweating are divided into surgical and conservative. In addition, there are folk methods that do not eliminate the cause, but help keep the skin dry and clean.

Surgical methods

Botox

Injections can cure sweating of the armpits, hands and feet. The procedure takes a few minutes, and the effect lasts six months. After just a couple of days, sweating stops and the treated areas stop hurting.

Laser

The neodymium laser destroys sweat duct cells forever. The session is carried out in the clinic with anesthesia for about 40 minutes. After this, the patient returns to normal life and no longer wonders “why am I sweating a lot.” The procedure does not cause overheating or infection, since the radiation sterilizes the surface being treated.

Sympathectomy

Cosmetic surgery. It is passed through a small incision. It can rid a person of sweat forever. Intervention is divided into local (the surgeon blocks the fibers directly where the most moisture appears) and remote (involves a short distance from the problem areas).

For increased moisture production in the armpits, use

Liposuction - using a small tube inserted through pinpoint punctures, axillary tissue is removed. Nerve fibers are destroyed and the sweat glands stop working. This procedure is recommended for overweight people.
Ultrasonic liposuction. Used by plastic surgeons and is less traumatic.
Curettage. Most often used. Provides for scraping fat from areas where sweat ducts are located. The glands and nerve fibers are damaged, which prevents their further functioning. The operation is not carried out blindly, but with the use of video assistance, thanks to which the occurrence of hematomas and fluid accumulation in the postoperative period can be avoided.
Phytotherapy. Used in conjunction with drug treatment.

Conservative methods

Products for external use - gels, ointments, sprays that are applied to a clean body and, penetrating inside, temporarily block the sweat ducts.
Oral agents. These include sedatives that calm the nervous system. Often, it is disorders of the nervous system that cause sweating. The doctor may prescribe other medications, depending on what disease is causing the sweat.

Traditional methods

Why do some people not sweat even in a hot and humid atmosphere, while others are constantly covered in perspiration? We sometimes hear people say with a certain degree of superiority that they barely sweat or don’t sweat at all. Perhaps they mean that they are cleaner than those who...

Most likely, they do not suspect that they are sick, and not sweating is life-threatening. Absence or slight sweating is a disease associated with disruption of the sweat glands. This disease is called anhidrosis. Translated from Greek as “absence of sweat.” Insufficient sweat production is called hypohidrosis. The correct functioning of the sweat glands and the thermoregulation of the body are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

What are the reasons why the human body produces little or no sweat:

Sweating increases during exercise in healthy people. No wonder they say: “I worked until I sweat.” The absence of sweating in such cases indicates anhidrosis. With this diagnosis, heavy loads are prohibited, especially at high temperatures in the surrounding atmosphere, as thermoregulation is disrupted. A person can work with substances harmful to the body, poisons, various toxic and allergenic substances, in dusty rooms. All this gets on the skin, the pores become clogged, the sweat glands do not secrete sweat well, along with poisonous and toxic substances. If a person does not sweat for a long time, they undergo atrophy, and they may develop chronic anhidrosis.

Even in ancient times, people knew that sweat drives out illness; they went to baths and saunas to sweat as much as possible, cleanse their pores, and remove harmful substances. After such procedures, fatigue disappeared and vigor and energy returned. In Rus', baths have long been considered health resorts. Steaming in a bathhouse meant expanding the pores with hot steam, sweating thoroughly and, finally, treating the skin with a steamed birch, wormwood, linden, or oak broom. The skin looked younger, became elastic and firm.

Baths and saunas are still extremely popular among the people. For people with poor sweating, a linden broom is useful as a good means for releasing sweat and linden tea with honey. You cannot steam excessively in baths and saunas; after visiting, you need to drink a lot to restore the body’s water balance. A healthy person should definitely sweat in a sauna. If the body does not produce sweat at all in a hot sauna, this is abnormal and indicates anhidrosis. If only some parts of the body sweat, then this is hypohidrosis.

Signs of the disease are:

dry skin, redness;
poor sweating or its complete disappearance;
dizziness;
muscle cramps;
fatigue;
increased heart rate;
increased breathing;
body temperature rises;
clouding of consciousness.

With such manifestations, you need to drink a lot, urgently find a place with air ventilation, wipe hot areas of the skin with water, apply cool compresses, and, if the condition remains severe for an hour, call an ambulance and consult a dermatologist. If people do not sweat at all, then hot baths and saunas are contraindicated; they can cause heat stroke and harm their health.

Why might people not sweat at all?

There are various reasons why a person does not sweat at all and suffers from dry skin.

Lack of sweating is often caused by various diseases:

skin disease, scleroderma, leprosy, ichthyosis, etc.;
diabetes mellitus, Addinson's disease, liver cirrhosis;
nervous system disease;
avitaminosis;
diarrhea, vomiting, excessive urination;
cholera;
toxicosis of pregnant women;
Parkinson's disease;
lungs' cancer

and some others. Usually, when these diseases are cured, then the body’s thermoregulation is restored.

On hot days, a person who has no health problems literally breaks out in sweat. Water leaves the body, and if you don't drink enough fluids, tropical anhidrosis can develop. Dust that gets on the skin clogs the ducts of the sweat glands. People with decreased sweating are not recommended to live in tropical hot and humid climates.

Anhidrosis can also be a congenital disease, when the glands that secrete sweat are not developed or not formed. Sometimes this occurs due to abnormalities of the ectoderm during the first period of embryonic development. More often, boys inherit this genetic disorder. A newborn child with this disease should be observed by a dermatologist from the first days of life. There is no chance of cure for hereditary anhidrosis; a person should avoid overheating and physical exertion throughout his life.

An incorrect lifestyle is dangerous for normal sweating: excessive alcohol, drugs and some medications for the treatment of the nervous system, heart and vascular diseases.

Sometimes a person does not sweat because of an internal emotional state, stress, fear, or the desire not to reveal his feelings to others. Constantly holding back feelings and emotions disrupts the functioning of the nervous system and can develop anhidrosis.

How to deal with it

If there is no sweating, you should consult a dermatologist. Analyzes, tests and diagnostics are carried out, the cause of the disease is established.

Vitamin preparations are prescribed: multivitamins, vitamins A and E, Bi2 intramuscularly.

It is recommended to wipe painful areas of the skin with lotions containing alcohol, rub in creams and ointments that soften the skin. Retinol acetate oil solution helps well when taken orally.

Hypohidrosis does not always impair thermoregulation if sweat is not produced in a small area of the body. It happens that some areas of the body do not sweat, but others produce profuse sweat. General anhidrosis is life-threatening and heat stroke can be fatal. It is important to see doctors and strictly follow their recommendations, especially for older people with weakened sweat glands.

It is also wrong to use antiperspirants in large quantities; they clog pores and interfere with the normal functioning of the sweat glands. The sweat itself does not smell, since it contains water, salt and a small amount of protein, around which bacteria gather, emitting a bad odor.

You can get rid of it with frequent hygiene procedures and changing clothes.

Hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating)– sweating that is outside the normal range. It can be a congenital characteristic of a person or a symptom of a disease: tuberculosis, obesity, thyroiditis.
Hyperhidrosis may be local and cover certain areas of the body (palms, feet, armpits) or general(generalized), when excessive sweating occurs throughout the body.
Sweating mainly manifests itself in paroxysms in response to exposure to irritants (stress, alcohol, increased hormone levels, etc.); in a small number of patients it is constantly present.

Why is hyperhidrosis dangerous?

First of all, hyperhidrosis provokes social problems. An unpleasant odor and sweat stains cause discomfort in the person himself and the hostility of others. The disease can ruin your personal life and affect your choice of profession. Such people try to avoid public speaking, which is incompatible with teaching, working on television, etc. With severe hyperhidrosis, the patient severely limits communication and begins to lead a secluded lifestyle.

Hyperhidrosis can cause the development of certain diseases. Thus, sweating feet creates favorable conditions for the development of fungus. And hyperhidrosis of the axillary and groin area increases the risk of hidradenitis - inflammation of the sweat gland and purulent damage to surrounding tissues. In addition, constant skin moisture is often accompanied by the appearance of diaper rash and pustular rashes.

Who suffers from hyperhidrosis?

Sweating is quite common. About 2% of the population are familiar with its manifestations. However, this figure may be several times higher, because most people do not turn to a specialist with this problem. Women make up more than half of patients with hyperhidrosis, which is associated with their increased emotionality and hormonal activity during certain periods of life. The problem is widespread among adolescents - during adolescence, the axillary sweat glands are activated. Among adults, the number of patients remains unchanged. And after 50 years, people complain less about sweating due to the deterioration of the functioning of all glands, including sweat glands.

How does hyperhidrosis occur?

Most people develop seasonal hyperhidrosis, which worsens in the spring and summer. Permanent hyperhidrosis occurs less frequently. In this case, sweating occurs in any weather, and does not depend on stress or work. Sometimes hyperhidrosis has a recurrent course, when after a period of increased sweating the work of the glands returns to normal, but over time the problem returns. This course of the disease is associated with hormonal surges or malfunctions of the autonomic nervous system.

How does a person secrete sweat?

Sweat is an aqueous solution of calcium, potassium, phosphorus, lactic and uric acid salts, ammonia and other substances. When it leaves the sweat glands, it is transparent and odorless. The specific aroma is given to it by the waste products of bacteria living on the skin.

Sweat glands, which are appendages of the skin, are responsible for the secretion of sweat in humans. In total, there are about 2.5 million of them on the surface of the body. At room temperature and low activity, they secrete from 400 ml to 1 liter of sweat per day. During physical activity and in the heat, the amount of sweat can exceed 2 liters per day. Such indicators are considered the norm.

Sweat glands are divided into eccrine and apocrine. They are located unevenly on the body - some areas of the skin are more saturated with them. Local hyperhidrosis often appears in these places. It is divided according to the place of manifestation:

axillary;
palmar;
plantar;
facial;
inguinal-perineal.

Eccrine sweat glands produce clear, odorless sweat. It contains a large amount of acids and salts, therefore it prevents the growth of bacteria and protects the skin from inflammation. Most eccrine glands are found on the palms of the feet, chest, back and forehead.

Apocrine sweat glands secrete a whitish secretion with a specific odor. It contains cholesterol, fatty acids and other biologically active substances. This sweat is a breeding ground for bacteria. It is believed that the secretion of the apocrine glands contains pheromones, the smell of which attracts members of the opposite sex. Apocrine glands are found in the armpit and groin area, as well as near the genitals.

Why do humans need sweat glands?

Sweating has many beneficial functions:

Preventing overheating. Sweat evaporates from the surface of the skin, lowering body temperature.
Protecting skin from bacteria. The acidic environment of the sweat of the eccrine glands prevents the proliferation of microorganisms.
Signals for the opposite sex. Depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle, the composition and smell of sweat from the apocrine sweat glands changes, which signals the opposite sex whether it is ready or not ready to reproduce. Although in recent centuries this function has lost its importance.

What increases sweating?

Increased ambient temperature. Thermal receptors sense an increase in temperature and send impulses to the corresponding parts of the spinal cord and brain, which are responsible for thermoregulation. From there, signals are sent to the sweat glands to increase sweating.
Stress and nervous tension. In this case, the level of stress hormones – adrenaline and norepinephrine – increases. They bring the entire nervous system into an excited state. This includes the activation of processes in the centers that regulate the functioning of the sweat glands. As a result, they are instructed to produce more sweat. Increased sweating during stress is called - psychogenic hyperhidrosis.
Active physical work. When muscles work, a lot of energy is released, which increases body temperature. In this case, sweat provides protection against overheating.
Spicy and hot food. This phenomenon is based on reflex connections between the centers of salivation and sweating. Sweat production is increased by:

extractives of meat, fish, mushrooms;
spices;
alcohol;
tea, coffee and other drinks containing caffeine.

Disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system. The hypothalamus and the centers of the autonomic nervous system in the medulla oblongata and spinal cord, as well as the sympathetic nerve nodes (ganglia) located near the spine are responsible for thermoregulation and sweat removal. Nerve impulses travel along nerve fibers (trunks). If there is a malfunction in any of these areas of the nervous system, this may increase sweat production. The reason may be:

brain or spinal cord injury;
inflammation of surrounding tissues;
mental shock;
dysautonomia – foci of destruction in the autonomic system;
diencephalic syndrome of newborns is a congenital lesion of the hypothalamic-pituitary region of the brain in newborns. Accompanied by constantly high or low temperature, continuous crying, trembling, fluctuations in blood pressure;
Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurological disease of the older age group, characterized by increased muscle tone, tremors in the body, slowness of movements, and inability to maintain balance;
stroke is an acute disorder of cerebral circulation. Signs: severe headache with nausea and vomiting, lethargy or agitation, speech impairment, paralysis of individual muscles;
epilepsy – sudden onset of seizures;
damage to the hypothalamus, in addition to increased sweating, is manifested by sleep disturbances, surges in blood pressure, and impaired vascular tone;
concussion or brain injury - loss of consciousness, amnesia, headache, nausea, vomiting, pale skin.

Infectious diseases, acute and chronic. The appearance of viruses and bacteria in the blood is accompanied by the production of pyrogens - substances that affect thermal sensitivity neurons. The development of fever and excessive sweating is caused by:

Tuberculosis. Its symptoms are weakness, pallor, fatigue, apathy, slight increase in temperature, cough (in the pulmonary form);
Flu – fever, weakness, headache, muscle and joint pain, dry cough;
Sore throat - fever, sore throat, purulent plaque on the tonsils or accumulation of pus in the lacunae;
Septicemia is the entry into the blood of a large number of pathogenic microbes. Manifested by fever, malaise, muscle and abdominal pain, diarrhea, severe intoxication, a characteristic rash in the form of small hemorrhages;
Malaria is a disease caused by infection with Plasmodium falciparum. Accompanied by fever, chills, headache and vomiting;
Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by Brucella. You can become infected with it through contact with domestic animals (cows, goats, pigs), through their meat and dairy products. Manifested by high fever and headache, soreness in muscles and joints.

Syphilis a sexually transmitted disease that affects the mucous membranes, internal organs and nervous system. Leads to damage to the nerve fibers of the dorsal roots, which is accompanied by asymmetrical local hyperhidrosis.
Hormonal imbalances cause endocrine hyperhidrosis. Sweat production is influenced by hormones of the gonads, hypothalamus, pituitary gland and thyroid gland. Excessive sweating occurs:

in adolescents with high concentrations of sex hormones;
in women during menopause when estrogen levels decrease and follicle-stimulating hormone increases;
for hyperthyroidism and other pathologies of the thyroid gland;
with pheochromocytoma - a tumor of the nervous system that synthesizes adrenaline and norepinephrine;
with carcinoid syndrome - a tumor that produces hormonal substances that stimulate the sympathetic fibers of the NS.

Elevated levels of catecholamines. These substances ensure the transmission of impulses in nerve trunks and the interaction of cells in the body. They appear in the blood:

during intense physical work;
for pain of various origins;
with drug or alcohol withdrawal, “withdrawal” that occurs when abruptly quitting these substances;

Tumor diseases cause an increase in temperature and sweating through an effect on the thermoregulation center in the hypothalamus. Hyperhidrosis appears in the evening and night hours and is observed throughout the body. Provokes him.

lymphocytic lymphoma is a malignant tumor of lymphatic tissue. Symptoms: weakness, weight loss, sleep and digestive disorders;
histiocytic lymphoma is an oncological lesion of lymphoid tissues. Manifestations depend on the location of the tumors;
mixed lymphoma is a malignant tumor of the lymph nodes, which is characterized by their enlargement, fever, swelling and bluishness of the facial skin and weight loss;
Burkitt's lymphoma - single or multiple oncological tumors of the jaw, which can subsequently affect other internal organs. Occurs with fever and deterioration of general condition.

Systemic diseases. An autoimmune process (an attack by one’s own immune cells) damages the blood capillaries that supply the nerve trunks. This leads to dysfunction of the organs for which these nerves are responsible.

Raynaud's disease. Manifested by spasm of blood vessels in the fingertips. They become colder and acquire a bluish color. The spasm is quickly replaced by vasodilation;
rheumatoid arthritis - symmetrical damage to small joints, weakness, morning stiffness. Symptoms of damage to the spine and large joints gradually appear - headaches, tingling fingers, crawling sensations, pain when breathing, etc.

Taking medications. Some drugs that affect the autonomic nervous system stimulate sweat production. These side effects have:

propranolol;
pilocarpine;
physostigmine;
antiemetics;
antidepressants.

Hereditary predisposition. It has been established that the tendency to excessive sweat formation is passed on from generation to generation. The reasons for this phenomenon have not been established. People who develop hyperhidrosis for no apparent reason are diagnosed with primary hyperhidrosis" This distinguishes it from secondary hyperhidrosis, which is always associated with diseases.

As you can see, the list of reasons for increased sweating is very extensive. Often, to eliminate hyperhidrosis, it is enough to eliminate the cause that causes it.

Psychogenic hyperhidrosis

Psychogenic hyperhidrosis– increased sweating associated with stressful situations and strong emotions. With stress and anxiety, large doses of adrenaline are released into the blood. This hormone increases the activity of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for the functioning of internal organs, including the sweat glands. A large number of commands are generated in the nerve centers, causing the sweat glands to work more intensely.

In people suffering from psychogenic hyperhidrosis, even minor irritants cause severe sweating. For example, if a healthy person’s armpits only slightly sweat when embarrassed, then a sick person’s face may become covered with large drops of sweat, and wet spots will appear on their clothes. This is often accompanied by redness of the facial skin. This feature of the body is probably associated with the increased sensitivity of the receptors responsible for binding adrenaline.

Due to the fact that during sleep the sympathetic nervous system rests and inhibition processes predominate in it, sweating decreases at night.

Causes of psychogenic hyperhidrosis

Psycho-emotional stress– any situation that evokes strong positive or negative emotions in a person.
Acute psychological trauma– a stressful situation that had a short-term impact on the psyche, but left serious consequences.

loss of a loved one;
a break up;
conflict;
loss of property, work;
fright;
speaking in front of an audience;
making a serious diagnosis.

Chronic psychological trauma when a person has been in an unfavorable situation for a long time due to various factors:

Domestic violence;
Cheating spouse;
Divorce of parents;
Living in a dysfunctional family;
Lack of parental affection.

Neuroses– long-term reversible disorder of mental functions. It is caused by prolonged negative emotions and stress, overwork or serious illnesses. This condition is characterized by a tendency to hysteria. Neuroses are accompanied by autonomic disorders and often sweating.
Asthenia– a psychopathological disorder characterized by various disorders of the autonomic nervous system. The main symptom is chronic fatigue, which is often accompanied by tachycardia, pain in the heart, sweating and depression.
Long-term insomnia, disrupting the balance of excitation and inhibition processes in the nervous system.

Neurocirculatory dysfunction(vegetative-vascular dystonia) a disorder of the nervous system in which the tone of the sympathetic department may be increased or decreased.
Pain. When a patient experiences pain and associated anxiety, adrenaline and catecholamines are released. These substances contribute to the emergence and transmission of impulses, due to which the sweat glands are stimulated, mainly on the palms and soles.

Diagnostics psychogenic hyperhidrosis

To diagnose and treat psychogenic hyperhidrosis, patients with excessive sweating consult a neurologist or dermatologist.

Survey. At the first stage of diagnosis, the doctor collects an anamnesis. He is interested in:

When did the first signs of hyperhidrosis appear?
What preceded them (stress, illness)?
Which areas experience the most sweating?
In what situations does it intensify, is there a dependence on tension and anxiety?
Do you have any complaints about night sweats?
Does the patient suffer from sweating constantly or does the problem appear periodically?
How often does the patient have to shower and change clothes throughout the day?
Does any of your relatives suffer from excessive sweating?
Does the patient have acute or chronic illnesses?

Inspection. The doctor visually assesses:

The condition of the patient’s clothing, the presence of sweat stains on it. They primarily appear in the armpit area. Less common on the back and in places where skin folds form. Based on the size of the spot in the armpit, you can roughly estimate the degree of hyperhidrosis:

norm – up to 5 cm;
mild degree – up to 10 cm;
medium degree – up to 15 cm;
severe degree – over 20 cm.

Symmetrical arrangement of spots. Unsymmetrical sweating indicates damage to the nerve fibers of the sympathetic nervous system.
Sweat on your face. Sweating is often limited to specific areas where the sweat glands are better innervated. This is the forehead, upper lip. In 70% of patients, an attack of psychogenic hyperhidrosis is accompanied by redness of the facial skin.

The diagnosis of “hyperhidrosis” is established based on the patient’s complaints if excessive sweating disrupts his daily life. In most cases, the doctor makes a diagnosis based on survey data, since it is rarely possible to observe an attack of psychogenic hyperhidrosis with your own eyes.

Psychogenic hyperhidrosis is confirmed by the following signs:

sudden onset;
Patients associate the appearance of hyperhidrosis with acute or chronic psychological trauma;
increased sweating in situations that cause anxiety in the patient;
reduction of sweating during sleep;
recurrent course - exacerbations coincide with periods of increased anxiety (session, business trips);
The face, palms and feet sweat the most, less often intense sweating over the entire surface of the body.

Laboratory research. Additional research is needed to rule out diseases associated with sweating.
List of necessary studies and analyses:

biochemical blood test (AST, ALT, glucose, calcium, bilirubin);
blood test for hepatitis B, C and HIV viruses;
blood test for syphilis - Wasserman reaction;

With psychogenic hyperhidrosis, test results are within the normal range– no acute or chronic diseases are detected. If the test results are not satisfactory, the patient is referred for further examination to specialized specialists.

Qualitative and quantitative assessment of sweating

Treatment of psychogenic hyperhidrosis

Treatment of psychogenic hyperhidrosis is aimed at reducing sweating, as well as reducing anxiety, increasing stress resistance and reducing the excitability of the sympathetic part of the nervous system.

Treatment method	Efficiency	How it is produced
Psychological counseling	Up to 70% if you complete the full course. The method helps to identify the problem or situation that caused sweating and resolve it. The psychologist will also tell you how to cope with situations that cause anxiety and teach you techniques for reducing stress. Disadvantages: the course can take up to several months. Requires self-discipline and strict implementation of recommendations.	The patient, together with the psychologist, analyzes the stressful situation and learns to respond adequately to it.
Medication method - sedatives, antipsychotics, tranquilizers and antidepressants	80-90%, provided the drug is correctly selected. The specialist individually selects the drug and dose, which reduces the likelihood of side effects. Disadvantages: there are contraindications and serious side effects (lethargy, increased appetite, obesity, addiction). Caution: Some antidepressants increase sweating.	Sedatives plant-based products (valerian extract, motherwort, sedavite, soothing herbal infusions, bromides) are used 3 times a day for 8-10 weeks. If there is no effect, consider prescribing tranquilizers or antidepressants. Tricyclic antidepressants reduce stimulation of sweat glands by the nervous system. Mianserin, lerivon. Dosage from 10 to 30 mg per day. Fluoxetine, Prozac. Dosage 20 mg 1 time per day. The effect of taking antidepressants occurs within 2-3 weeks of use. Course 6-8 weeks. Neuroleptics. Sonapax in a daily dose of 80-150 mg per day. The dose is increased and discontinued gradually. Tranquilizers prescribed when psychogenic hyperhidrosis is combined with a vegetative disorder. Anaprilin and clonazepam can lead to a decrease in sweating. They are prescribed in dosages from 10 to 80 mg per day. Duration of treatment is from 4 weeks.
Physiotherapeutic methods	70-80%. Sedative electrotherapy methods restore the balance of inhibitory and excitatory processes in the cerebral cortex. They reduce the number of nerve impulses entering the areas responsible for sweat production. Reduce the level of stress hormones. Disadvantage: the procedures can have a temporary effect that lasts from 20 to 40 days.	7-12 procedures are prescribed per course. Electroson. Duration of the procedure is 30 minutes. Pulse frequency 20 Hz. Frequency: every other day. Galvanic collar according to Shcherbak. Current strength up to 15 m A. Duration 7-15 minutes. Daily. in areas of increased sweating. Creates a depot of ions in the skin, which reduces sweat production. Current strength up to 15 mA. Daily or every other day. Pine-salt baths. Water temperature 36 degrees. Duration 15-25 minutes. Daily.
Medical antiperspirants	60-80%. They contain zinc and aluminum salts, salicylic acid, formaldehyde, triclosan, and ethyl alcohol. These connections narrow or block the ducts of the glands, preventing sweat from being released out. In this case, sweat is removed through other parts of the body. Validity period from 5 to 20 days. They contain antibacterial substances that stop the growth of bacteria, preventing the appearance of a specific odor. Disadvantages: they eliminate the manifestations, not the cause of sweating. Blockage of the excretory ducts of the sweat glands can cause swelling and irritation of the skin, inflammation of the sweat glands.	Apply to washed and dried skin at the frequency indicated in the instructions. Antiperspirants are applied after an evening shower and washed off with soap and water in the morning. The active substances remain in the ducts of the sweat glands, ensuring their narrowing.
Botulinum toxin injections – drugs Botox, Dysport, Ipsen, Xeomin	Over 95%. The toxin blocks the nerve endings that innervate the sweat glands. This leads to a complete stop of sweat production in the treated area. Treatment areas: face, feet, palms, armpits. Disadvantages: temporary effect. Repeated injections are necessary after 6-8 months. Possible temporary side effects: muscle weakness and numbness in the injection area. They go away on their own in 3-30 days. High cost - from 20 thousand rubles.	Before the procedure, a Minor test is performed to determine the boundaries of the area of increased sweating. A syringe with a thin insulin needle is used to inject the area of increased sweating, injecting botulinum toxin preparations. One procedure is enough to treat hyperhidrosis for 6-8 months.
Laser treatment	About 80%. Using a laser introduced under the skin to a depth of 1-4 mm, the sweat glands are destroyed. In these areas, sweat production will no longer be restored. Suitable for the treatment of hyperhidrosis of the armpits, feet, palms and face. Disadvantages: only those glands that were close to the punctures stop functioning. The high cost of treatment is over 30 thousand rubles.	The area of hyperhidrosis is determined and local anesthesia is performed. Through punctures with a diameter of 1-2 mm, an optical fiber is inserted to the depth of the sweat glands. With its help, part of the sweat glands is destroyed. A certain amount remains intact, ensuring minimal sweating in the area. During the session, hair follicles are damaged and hair growth in the axillary area decreases.
Local (local) surgical treatment of hyperhidrosis	Over 90%. After removal of the sweat gland, there is a lasting, lifelong effect. Suitable for the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis. Disadvantage: hematomas and fluid accumulations often form at the intervention site. Scars may form at the site of the procedure. Most patients develop compensatory hyperhidrosis, which causes increased sweating of the face, chest, back and thighs. Given the likelihood of complications, surgical treatment is used when other methods are ineffective.	A Minor test is first performed to identify overactive sweat glands. The operation is performed under general anesthesia. Curettage of the axillary area. After 1-2 punctures in the axillary area, a surgical instrument is inserted, with the help of which the sweat gland is “scraped out.” At the same time, the nerve endings are injured. This is the most common local surgical treatment for hyperhidrosis. Excision of the skin of the axillary area. Areas of skin and sometimes subcutaneous tissue where sweat glands are concentrated are removed. This method is indicated for patients who have inflammation of the sweat glands, hidradenitis (“bitch udder”). Liposuction of the axillary area indicated for obese patients. During the removal of fatty tissue, nerve fibers and sweat glands are injured.
Central surgical treatment of hyperhidrosis – sympathectomy	About 100%. The effect is lifelong. During the operation, the sympathetic trunk (nerve fibers) responsible for the functioning of the sweat glands is destroyed. Indicated for severe hyperhidrosis of the armpits and palms. Disadvantages: numbness of the skin in the armpit area. Local complications at the intervention site (hematoma, edema). In 10% of patients, severe compensatory hyperhidrosis develops, which exceeds the initial one.	The operation is performed under general anesthesia. A 5 mm long puncture is made in the 3rd intercostal space. 1 liter of carbon dioxide is injected into the chest in order to displace the organs, giving the surgeon the opportunity to view and manipulate. An endoscopic surgical instrument is inserted through the hole, which is used to destroy (destruct) the nerve ganglia. When treating sweating of the armpits and palms, the centers located at the level of 2-5 thoracic vertebrae are affected. Maybe clipping(applying a clip) to the sympathetic trunk leading to the sweat glands. There are also more gentle methods of destroying the sympathetic trunk using chemicals or high-frequency electric current. However, in these cases, partial destruction of the nerve occurs. Therefore, there is a small chance that the nerve fibers will recover and hyperhidrosis will return.

Also necessary measures that complement the conservative treatment of hyperhidrosis (without surgery) are:

Compliance with personal hygiene rules. Warm or contrast shower 2 times a day, more often if necessary. Daily change of linen, which should consist only of natural fabrics that are breathable and absorb moisture well.
Taking B vitamins: B3 and B5.
General strengthening of the body, including air baths, contrast showers and other hardening methods.
Baths with oak bark decoction 2-3 times a week for 15 minutes. To treat hyperhidrosis in the armpits, you can use gauze pads soaked in a decoction.
Spa treatment. Sea bathing, sunbathing, brine baths (with salt concentrate).

Features of the treatment of psychogenic hyperhidrosis of the armpits, legs and palms

Type of hyperhidrosis	Stages of treatment
Type of hyperhidrosis	1	2	3	4	5	6
Axillary (axillary)	Antiperspirants based on aluminum chloride Dry Control, Odaban, NO SWEAT	Sedative physiotherapy	Injection of the axillary area with botulinum toxin	Systemic treatment with sedatives	Curettage of the axillary area	Sympathectomy - destruction of the nerve ganglion or trunk
Palmar (palmar)	Antiperspirants with aluminum chloride more than 30% - Dabomatic 30%, Max F 30% or 35%,	Sedative physiotherapy and iontophoresis	Injection with botulinum toxin		Thoracoscopic sympathectomy
Plantar (plantar)	Aluminum chloride or glycopyrrolate topically Dabomatic 30% Dry Dry 30.5%, Max F 35%	Treatment of feet with preparations containing formaldehyde Formidron Formagel.	Botulinum toxin injection	Systemic treatment with sedatives and anticholinergics

If desired, the patient can skip the second stage and proceed to the third.

Primary hyperhidrosis

Primary hyperhidrosis– increased sweating in the absence of pathologies that may be accompanied by active work of the sweat glands. In severe cases, the skin on the face, feet and palms not only becomes wet, but becomes covered with drops of sweat.

Primary hyperhidrosis appears in childhood or adolescence, and after 40 it tends to decrease. This form of the disease has little to do with the emotional state and ambient temperature.
Primary hyperhidrosis is often permanent, less often it occurs in attacks. Patients cannot clearly determine what exactly provokes an attack of sweating, since it occurs at rest, at normal temperature, in a well-ventilated room.
Primary hyperhidrosis is predominantly local. It covers one or several areas: feet, palms, armpits, face.

Causes primary hyperhidrosis

The main cause of primary hyperhidrosis is increased excitability of the nervous system, namely its sympathetic department. A large number of nerve impulses passing through the sympathetic trunks activate the secretion of the sweat glands.

Among the reasons are hereditary predisposition. During the survey, as a rule, it turns out that the patient’s relatives also suffer from excessive sweating.
This feature of the body may be associated with various factors affecting the excitability of the sympathetic nervous system:

high sensitivity of the body to adrenaline and norepinephrine;
high, but within normal limits, level of hormones – sex, thyroid;
features of the functioning of the nervous system, when a large number of nerve impulses are synthesized in the subcortical centers and ganglia of the autonomic nervous system;
an excess of the mediator serotonin, which ensures high conductivity in the trunks of the sympathetic nervous system.

Diagnostics primary hyperhidrosis

Survey. Taking an anamnesis is often the basis for making a diagnosis. The doctor is interested in:

When did sweating first appear?
Do other family members have similar problems?
In what situations does it increase?
How strong is it?
How much does it interfere with everyday life?
What is your general health? Do you have any chronic diseases?

Your doctor may use various hyperhidrosis quality of life questionnaires for people with underarm sweating.

Factors confirming primary hyperhidrosis:

early onset of the disease, in childhood or adolescence;
Other relatives also suffer from excessive sweating;
there is no clear connection with strong emotions and stress;
sweating is symmetrical, usually the disease affects the feet, palms and armpits. Less often the whole body;
There is no heavy sweating during sleep. Night sweats indicate other diseases and require additional diagnostics;
there are no signs of infectious or other acute and chronic diseases.

Inspection. During the examination, the dermatologist may identify:

sweat stains on clothes;
diaper rash and rashes in areas of sweating;
in some cases, drops of sweat are found on the skin.

These signs are present in all forms of hyperhidrosis, so examination does not make it possible to determine the form of the disease, but only confirms its presence.

Laboratory research:

general blood analysis;
biochemical blood test (AST, ALT, glucose, calcium, bilirubin);
blood test for hepatitis B, C and HIV viruses;
fluorography or x-ray of the lungs;
blood test for syphilis - Wasserman reaction;
blood test to determine glucose levels;
blood test for thyroid hormones (T3, T4, TSH, parathyroid hormone);
general urine analysis.

With primary hyperhidrosis, test results do not exceed the norm.
Qualitative and quantitative methods for assessing sweating

In practice, determining the amount of sweat produced during hyperhidrosis is not very important. Therefore, quantitative methods for assessing hyperhidrosis are rarely used. The most requested is the Minor test.

Treatment primary hyperhidrosis

Treatment is prescribed based on how much discomfort the disease causes a person.

Treatment method	Efficiency	How it is produced
Medication	About 60%. Anticholinergic drugs block the transmission of excitation from postganglionic nerve fibers to sweat and other glands. Due to this, sweating is reduced. The effect appears on the 10-14th day of taking the drug. The course of treatment is 4-6 weeks. Disadvantages: Large doses are required to treat sweating. Anticholinergics have an extensive list of contraindications and side effects after taking the drugs.	Natural anticholinergics drugs Bellataminal or Bellaspon. 1 tablet 3 times a day. Synthetic anticholinergics Atropine – 1 mg twice a day. Scopolamine in solution - 0.25-0.5 mg. Deprim Forte 1 capsule 1-2 times a day.
Physiotherapeutic methods - iontophoresis	Up to 70%. Exposure to low voltage current and constant frequency temporarily narrows the channels of the sweat glands at the site of exposure. The accumulation of aluminum and zinc ions in the skin causes a temporary narrowing of the sweat gland ducts. Used to reduce sweating on the palms and soles. Disadvantages: requires regular use. Repeated courses after 3-4 months.	To reduce sweating of the feet and palms, use baths filled with tap water. Under the influence of low voltage current, ions penetrate into the skin. The effect of current on the receptors causes a reflex narrowing of the gland ducts. Iontophoresis with tap water and electrophoresis with local anticholinergics showed equal effectiveness.
Medical antiperspirants	Up to 70%. The compounds penetrate into the mouths of the sweat glands and create an insoluble sediment there, which causes a narrowing or temporary blockage of the excretory duct. Disadvantages: risk of developing irritation and hidradenitis. Temporary effect from 5 to 50 days.	Prepare the skin. Hair in the axillary area is shaved. It is important that the skin is clean and dry, otherwise burning and irritation will occur. The drug is applied at night, when sweating is minimal, and the residue is washed off in the morning.
Injections of botulinum toxin preparations (Botox, Dysport, Ipsen, Xeomin)	About 95%. They are considered the best method of treatment when antiperspirants and physiotherapy are ineffective. The drugs disrupt the transmission of acetylcholine, which blocks the passage of impulses along the nerve fibers to the sweat gland. Disadvantages: temporary effect up to 8 months. In rare cases, side effects develop - temporary paralysis of the facial muscles, muscle weakness of the arms. In patients with high titers of antibodies against botulinum toxin, injections are not effective.	The perimeter of the hyperhidrosis site is injected with botulinum toxin. Preparations based on it are identical and have the same effect. The doctor determines the dose individually. After 1-3 days, the conduction of impulses going to the sweat glands is blocked, and sweat production stops for 6-8 months.
Laser treatment	Up to 90%. The thermal energy of the laser destroys the cells of the sweat gland and hair follicles. Flaws. High cost of the procedure. Insufficient number of laser installations and specialists performing this procedure.	They do a Minor test. Local anesthesia of the area is performed. A hollow needle is inserted to a depth of several mm, in the channel of which an optical fiber passes. The laser beam destroys the sweat glands. A small part of the glands remains unaffected and continues to function, this avoids compensatory hyperhidrosis.
Local (local) surgical treatment	Up to 95%. The operation is performed on the axillary area. The surgeon removes the sweat gland, or part of the skin and fatty tissue. Disadvantages: there are contraindications. Traumatic. Postoperative scar care is necessary. There is a risk of complications: hematomas, growth of scar tissue.	Curettage axillary zone. Through a puncture with a diameter of less than 1 cm, a curette (surgical spoon) is inserted, with the help of which the sweat gland is removed. Liposuction. Removing part of the fatty tissue allows you to destroy the nerve fibers and stop the activity of the sweat glands.
Central surgical treatment – percutaneous or endoscopic sympathectomy	About 95%. With percutaneous up to 80%. Using electric current, laser, chemicals or surgical endoscopic equipment, the doctor damages or completely destroys the nerve fibers that transmit impulses to the sweat glands. Disadvantages: swelling, hematoma, risk of developing scars that impede movement, drooping eyelids. In 50% of those operated on, compensatory hyperhidrosis develops - sweating of the torso, thighs and inguinal folds appears. In 2% of cases this causes more discomfort than primary hyperhidrosis. Based on this, sympathectomy is recommended for patients with secondary hyperhidrosis when there is no other option to cure the disease.	Endoscopic surgery. An endoscope with a surgical instrument attached to it is inserted through a puncture in the armpit. With its help, the surgeon cuts the sympathetic trunk or places a clamp on it - a clip - to prevent impulses from the nerve ganglia to the sweat glands. During percutaneous surgery The doctor inserts a needle into the area near the spine. Next, he destroys the nerve with electric current or chemical means. However, in this case, he cannot see the nerve itself. This causes ineffectiveness of the procedure and damage to nearby organs. Open surgery

Features of the treatment of primary hyperhidrosis of the armpits, legs and palms

Type of hyperhidrosis	Stages of treatment
Type of hyperhidrosis	1	2	3	4	5
Axillary (axillary)	Medical antiperspirants MAXIM 15%, KLIMA 15%, AHC20 classic 20%			Local surgical treatment – removal of sweat glands	Central surgical treatment: sympathectomy
Palmar (palmar)	Treatment of aluminum with Dabomatic chloride 30%, Max F 30% or 35%,	Injections Botox, Dysport, Ipsen, Xeomin	Systemic drug treatment with anticholinergics		Central surgical treatment - sympathectomy
Plantar (plantar)	Treatment of aluminum with chloride "DRYDRAY" 30.5%, foot powder "ODABAN" 20% Dabomatic 30% Dry Dry 30.5%, Max F 35%, Teymurov paste	Treatment with formaldehyde preparations, liquid Formidron, Paraformbetonite powder.	Botulinum toxin injections	Systemic drug treatment with anticholinergics

Endocrine hyperhidrosis

Endocrine hyperhidrosis– increased sweating that accompanies diseases of the endocrine glands. At the same time, the patient suffers from generalized hyperhidrosis when sweating increases throughout the body.
With endocrine pathology, the level of hormones in the blood of patients increases. These substances have several mechanisms to control the sweat glands:

directly affect the thermoregulation center;
increase excitability and conduction of impulses along the sympathetic fibers of the nervous system;
enhance metabolism;
dilate blood vessels and increase blood flow, bringing more fluid to the sweat glands.

Causes endocrine hyperhidrosis

Diabetes. Changes occur in the autonomic nervous system. Myelin, a substance that protects nerve roots and fibers, is destroyed, which affects the innervation of the sweat glands. In patients, sweating occurs only in the upper half of the body, while the skin of the pelvis and lower extremities suffers from dryness. In diabetes mellitus, in addition to hyperhidrosis, the following symptoms occur: dry mouth, thirst, increased volume of urine, muscle weakness, decreased immunity and wounds that do not heal for a long time.
Hyperthyroidism and other thyroid diseases, accompanied by an increase in thyroid hormones, which increase the number of heart contractions, blood flow speed and metabolism. These processes cause increased heat generation. Sweating in this case is a mechanism of thermoregulation. Hyperthyroidism is indicated by: increased irritability and tearfulness, weight loss, slight increase in temperature, increased heart rate, increased upper (systolic) and decreased lower (diastolic) pressure, protrusion of the eyeballs, increased appetite, heat intolerance.
Obesity. Excess fat deposits under the skin and around internal organs disrupt thermoregulation mechanisms. Fat retains heat in the body, and to reduce temperature, the body increases the rate of sweating. The ability of adipose tissue to produce sex hormones - estrogens, which affect the thermoregulation center, has also been proven.
Acromegaly. A benign tumor of the pituitary gland that produces somatotropin. This disease in 80% of cases is accompanied by a decrease in the level of sex hormones and an increase in the level of thyroid hormones. An imbalance of hormones activates metabolic processes, increases heat production and increases sweating. With acromegaly, characteristic symptoms occur: enlargement of bones, including facial ones (lower jaw, brow ridges, cheekbones, nose), enlarged skull, thickening of fingers, joint pain. The skin thickens, becomes denser, and gathers into folds. The sebaceous glands are active.
Menopausal syndrome. The restructuring in the female body is caused by a decrease in estrogen levels and an increase in the level of follicle-stimulating hormone. Estrogens have a direct effect on thermoregulation. Their deficiency affects the hypothalamus, which mistakenly diagnoses overheating of the body. This gland turns on the mechanism of getting rid of excess heat, dilating peripheral vessels and increasing sweating, which provokes hot flashes and an attack of hyperhidrosis. Such symptoms accompany menopause in 80% of women. The onset of menopause is also indicated by: anxiety, tearfulness, dryness of the mucous membranes of the genital organs, which is accompanied by burning and itching, weight gain, and deterioration of the skin condition.
Pheochromocytoma– tumors of the nervous system that synthesize adrenaline and norepinephrine. These hormones stimulate the nervous system and increase the number of impulses reaching the sweat glands. Associated symptoms: paroxysmal increase in blood pressure. During a crisis, a characteristic picture develops: fear, chills, headaches and heart pain, heart rhythm disturbances, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain. After an attack, severe sweating occurs (the person is “drenched in sweat”) and a large amount of urine is passed out, up to 5 liters.
Carcinoid syndrome– tumors that produce hormonal substances that stimulate the sympathetic fibers of the nervous system. In addition to increased sweating, patients are concerned about: abdominal pain, loose stools, disturbances in the functioning of the heart caused by damage to the valves, narrowing of the bronchi - bronchospasm, accompanied by shortness of breath and wheezing. Dilatation of superficial vessels leads to redness of the face, neck and upper torso.
Puberty. During this period, the functioning of the gonads is not stable. Constant fluctuations in hormone levels affect the state of the nervous system. Stimulation of its sympathetic department causes sweating of the face, feet, palms and armpits. This situation can last 1-2 years or accompany a person throughout his life.

Diagnostics endocrine hyperhidrosis

Survey. At the appointment, the doctor will ask a standard list of questions:

When did the sweating start?
What are the circumstances surrounding its appearance?
In what areas is it most pronounced?
In what situations do seizures occur?
Are evening and night sweats common?
What is your general health? Are there any chronic diseases?

Characteristic signs of endocrine hyperhidrosis:

generalized sweating throughout the body;
sweating increases in the evening and at night;
symmetrical arrangement of sweating zones;
attacks of hyperhidrosis have little to do with nervous or physical stress;
The attacks are so severe that you have to change clothes.

It is important that the patient report symptoms of chronic diseases: hot flashes, rapid heartbeat, dry skin and wounds that take a long time to heal, and an increase in the amount of urine. This will help the doctor correctly diagnose and prescribe treatment or refer for additional examination to identify hidden pathologies.

Inspection. During examination, the doctor may identify the following signs:

sweating areas are located symmetrically;
the majority have generalized sweating - over the entire surface of the body;
redness of the skin of the face and body associated with the expansion of superficial capillaries.

Laboratory diagnostics
In addition to general tests (fluorography, general and biochemical blood tests, general urinalysis), great importance is given to determining the level of glucose and hormones.

The following test results may indicate endocrine hyperhidrosis:

Blood test to determine glucose level - over 5.5 mmol/l;

Blood test for thyroid hormones

Free hormone T3 (triiodothyronine) – over 5.69 pmol/l;
Free hormone T4 (thyroxine) – over 22 pmol/l;
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) – over 4.0 µIU/ml;
Parathyroid hormone – over 6.8 pmol/l;

Test for sex hormones (for women and men)

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) – for women less than 1.2 mU/l (the phase of the menstrual cycle must be taken into account), for men less than 1.37 mU/l;
Estradiol/estrone index – less than 1;
Inhibin – less than 40 pg/ml for women, less than 147 pg/ml for men;
Testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin or SHBG – less than 7.2 nmol/l. ml for women, less than 13 nmol/l for men.

Qualitative and quantitative methods for assessing hyperhidrosis are rarely used in the endocrine form of the disease. Due to the low information content and labor intensity of the procedure.

Treatment endocrine hyperhidrosis

Endocrine hyperhidrosis is treated by an endocrinologist, together with a dermatologist. The basis of treatment is hormonal therapy to restore normal functioning of the endocrine glands. Other methods are aimed at alleviating the condition of patients, but they do not eliminate the cause of the disease.

Treatment method	Efficiency	How it is produced
Medical antiperspirants	About 60%. The components of antiperspirants narrow the ducts and slow down the work of the sweat glands. Disadvantages: risk of developing irritation and suppuration of the sweat glands in people with low immunity. Allergy development is possible.	Antiperspirant (aerosol, sticker, powder, cream) is applied in the evening to intact skin. Before application, the body is washed with soap, and areas of hyperhidrosis are dried with dry wipes or a hairdryer. In the morning, wash off any remaining product with warm water and soap. The frequency of repetition of the procedure is indicated in the instructions (every other day, once a week).
Physiotherapeutic methods	60-70%. Under the influence of low-frequency current, a reflex contraction of the ducts of the sweat glands and blood vessels of the skin occurs. This leads to decreased sweating. Disadvantages: often the effect is not pronounced enough. The action ends after a few days.	The baths are filled with tap water and connected to an iontophoresis apparatus. Water is a conductor of current and a source of ions. The immersed parts of the body are exposed to a galvanic current, and the ions are deposited in the skin for several days. The procedures are carried out every other day, 7-12 per course.
Botulinum toxin injections (Botox, Dysport, Ipsen, Xeomin)	95%. The toxin disrupts the conduction of nerve impulses that control the functioning of the sweat gland. Disadvantages: 5% of people are insensitive to botulinum toxin. The procedure may cause a feeling of numbness and muscle weakness. With endocrine hyperhidrosis, sweating often occurs throughout the body. Therefore, piercing individual areas does not bring significant relief.	Using the Minor test, the limits of sweating are determined. Then they are injected with the drug. The manipulation is carried out using a thin insulin needle with a step of 2 cm. After 1-2 days, the toxin blocks the nerve fibers and the glands stop working.
Local surgical treatment	95%. It is used to treat local hyperhidrosis of the armpits and palms, which is rare in the endocrine form. Disadvantages: traumatic. Not effective for sweating all over the body.	Removal of individual sweat glands - curettage. Removal of subcutaneous fat, which damages the nerve fibers leading to the glands. After such an intervention, sweating significantly decreases or stops completely.
Central surgical treatment – sympathectomy	85-100%. With percutaneous up to 90%. The doctor damages or completely destroys the nerve nodes that transmit impulses to the sweat glands. Indicated for hyperhidrosis of the armpits and palms. Disadvantages: swelling, hematoma, risk of developing scars that impede movement. In 50% of those operated on, compensatory hyperhidrosis develops - sweating of the torso, thighs and inguinal folds appears. In 2% of cases this causes more discomfort than primary hyperhidrosis. Based on this, sympathectomy is recommended for patients when it is not possible to cure the chronic disease that causes sweating.	The intervention is performed under general anesthesia. Endoscopic surgery. For palmar hyperhidrosis, surgery is performed on the D2-D4 segment (ganglia near the 2-4 vertebrae of the thoracic spine). In the axillary – on the D3-D5 segment. For palmar and axillary – on the D2-D5 segment. For plantar hyperhidrosis, sympathectomy is not performed due to the risk of postoperative sexual disorders. During percutaneous surgery The doctor inserts a needle into the area near the spine. Next, he destroys the nerve with electric current or chemical means. However, in this case, he cannot see the nerve itself. This causes the procedure to be ineffective and the risk of damage to nearby organs. Open chest surgery with cutting the chest, it is practically not used due to the high level of traumatism.

The drug method for endocrine hyperhidrosis is not used, since anticholinergic drugs can worsen the patient’s condition.

Features of the treatment of endocrine hyperhidrosis of the armpits, legs and palms

Type of hyperhidrosis	Stages of treatment
Type of hyperhidrosis	1	2	3	4	5
Axillary (axillary)	Medical antiperspirants MAXIM 15% KLIMA 15% BONEDRY 20% Everdry	Botulinum toxin injections. Preparations Botox, Dysport, Ipsen, Xeomin	Iontophoresis with tap water	Removal of sweat glands - curettage	Sympathectomy – destruction of the nerve ganglion
Palmar (palmar)	Medical antiperspirants: KLIMA, Everdry, Active Dry, Odaban 30%	Botulinum toxin injections	Iontophoresis with tap water	Sympathectomy for nerve ganglion destruction
Plantar (plantar)	Antiperspirants DRYDRAY 30.5%, foot powder ODABAN 20%	Treatment with formaldehyde preparations Formidron, Paraformbetonite powder.	Botulinum toxin injections	Iontophoresis with tap water

Prevention of hyperhidrosis

Wearing loose clothing made from natural fabrics. Sweat stains are less noticeable on dark-colored items or clothes with small prints.
Wearing “breathable” shoes, and open ones in the summer.
Use of special antibacterial insoles and liners.
Fighting flat feet. Irregular foot structure is accompanied by increased sweating.
Contrast shower 2 times a day for general hyperhidrosis. Baths with contrast water 2-3 times a week for local hyperhidrosis. Changing temperatures improves blood circulation in the skin and helps narrow the ducts of the sweat glands.
Baths or applications with decoctions of medicinal herbs containing tannins and stopping the growth of bacteria. They use oak bark, celandine, and mint.
Baths with potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate). Every other day or 2-3 times a week. Duration 15 min.
Taking vitamins. Vitamins A, E, and B group affect the skin and sweat glands.
Taking sedatives to normalize the functioning of the nervous system. Valerian, motherwort, and ankylosing spondylitis reduce nervous stimulation of the sweat glands.
Treatment of chronic diseases that cause sweating.

Let's summarize. According to experts, the most effective method of treating local hyperhidrosis (armpits, palms, feet) is the administration of botulinum toxin. Its effectiveness is over 90%, and the likelihood of side effects is minimal compared to other methods. The cost of such treatment for hyperhidrosis starts from 17-20 thousand rubles.

Sweating itself is a normal bodily function. Sweat protects the human body from overheating, but increased sweat production is an abnormal reaction of the body and is called hyperhidrosis in medical circles.

The cause of increased sweating is not always intense training or hot weather.

Hyperhidrosis can also occur during the cold season. Therefore, it is very important to determine the cause of increased sweating; perhaps it is diseases of the internal organs or other problems that need to be eliminated.

Causes

The most common causes of hyperhidrosis are:

Hormonal imbalances in the body. This condition is observed in obesity, diabetes, during the maturation of a young body or, conversely, during menopause.
Stress, all kinds of nervous disorders.
Oncological diseases.
Infections of various origins that provoke an increase in body temperature.
Poisoning, alcohol or food.
Disruption of the genitourinary system.
Heart and blood pressure problems.

Although this is not an exhaustive list of reasons that can lead to hyperhidrosis.

Increased sweating in the armpits

Most often, hyperhidrosis occurs in the axillary region, aggravation of which is observed in the summer, when it is too hot outside.

Everything seems to be fine, there should be more sweat, because it’s hot outside.

But even “summer” hyperhidrosis may indicate problems with the hormonal system and an imbalance in the functioning of other organs, because not all people sweat profusely when the temperature rises outside.

Severe sweating of the feet

Excessive foot sweating occurs much more often than axillary hyperhidrosis. The problem occurs in both sexes, that is, in both women and men. The symptoms are really bad, the feet have an unpleasant and intrusive odor, which is quite difficult to eliminate.

The problem lies in the fact that the feet contain a huge number of sweat glands and, in any unfavorable environment, begin to actively act: that is, resist the environment. Most often this is due to wearing low-quality and tight shoes.

Heavy sweating throughout the body

Sometimes, a person cannot determine the total increase in sweating. Constantly wet clothes that have an unpleasant odor.

A few common causes of whole body hyperhidrosis:

genetic inheritance;
problems with the nervous system;
endocrine disorders (,)

It is clear that when a person has a high body temperature, they sweat a lot, but in other cases the person should consult a doctor.

Severe sweating in the head area

Is excessive sweating noticeable on your head? There is no need to worry if this happens during sports or during intense physical activity.

In other cases, such a problem may indicate strong emotional experience and stress. Thermoregulation of the whole body is important, especially if you are overweight.

Heavy sweating at night

This problem occurs in situations where a person has problems with the autonomic system, or may be evidence of a more serious problem, for example:

, leather, etc. (entering the body of the tuberculosis virus);
oncology;
AIDS and other immune diseases;
obesity;
metabolic problems and diabetes.

Naturally, we should not forget about hormonal disorders, in the clinical picture of which hyperhidrosis comes first.

Other reasons

In women, increased sweating may be caused by pregnancy or the start of the menstrual cycle. During menopause, most women experience a reason such as heavy sweating. Puberty is also often characterized by excess sweat production.

General rules for combating excessive sweating

You can resort to the procedure of iontophoresis, which involves hardware cleansing of the pores on the skin. As a result, the sebaceous and sweat glands of the skin normalize their work.

There is also a procedure called “Aspiration curettage”, which allows you to almost completely destroy the sweat glands and a person will forever forget what it is to sweat.

Don't forget about nutrition. The diet should not contain too spicy or salty foods; it is better to avoid fats and give preference to vegetables and fruits.

If you are overweight, then you definitely need to lose weight.

Naturally, if all of the above problems are not typical for a particular person, then you need to consult a doctor to identify the exact cause of hyperhidrosis.

Methods to combat sweating in the armpits

Naturally, you should wash well first. Deodorizing agents can also be produced in-house. Oddly enough, antiperspirant should be applied at night, and not, as is done in most cases, after a morning shower.

All clothing in the presence of hyperhidrosis should be made from natural materials, no synthetics.

Forget about constant fears. The appearance of hyperhidrosis is often associated with unnecessary worries, so when going for an interview, you don’t need to worry too much. This will help you pass the test more successfully and not sweat too much.

Give up bad habits and play sports.

You can use folk remedies to combat increased sweating. Traditional methods recommend using “sour” foods, more precisely citrus fruits.

How to get rid of severe sweating on your palms

You can use zinc ointment, but if the sweating of your hands is not severe. Teymurov's paste is suitable when sweating is too strong and the problem is long-standing.

Formalin can also be used to solve the problem. For the remedy, you will need to dilute 1 tablespoon of formaldehyde in 1 liter of water and hold your hands in this solution for about 10 minutes.

If minimal signs of irritation occur, the procedure should be stopped immediately.

You can use ammonia, no more than 2 times a day. Don’t be afraid of the strong smell of the product; it disappears almost instantly.

As a last resort, you can do Botox injections.

How to get rid of severe sweaty feet

First of all, remember to wash your feet regularly, morning and evening. It is recommended to use antibacterial soap if persistent foot odor is a real problem.

After the washing procedure, be sure to wipe your feet dry. Even minimal moisture residues can provoke the development of bacteria and, as a result, the appearance of sweating and an unpleasant odor.

Don't neglect using a special foot deodorant. Choose shoes only from natural materials. Never use a pair of socks or tights twice.

If your feet sweat profusely, you can use vinegar to wipe your toes every morning. Vinegar should not be used when there are sores or any wounds on the feet.

You can use a folk recipe: put oak bark powder in cotton socks at night, which helps remove excess sweat from the skin of your feet.

How to get rid of severe sweating of the head

You can restore the normal functioning of the sweat glands on your head with the help of folk remedies, using herbal infusions for rinsing. You need to eat right and try to be less nervous.

If none of the methods help, then you can resort to surgery.

Endoscopic sympathectomy - during the operation, the nerve ganglion responsible for sweating is compressed. After the operation, sweating stops altogether.

Tracoscopic sympathectomy is similar to the operation described above, but it is performed without an endoscope, simply making an incision in the skin and muscles.

How to get rid of severe facial sweating

At the beginning of treatment, it is recommended to use the most non-traumatic methods - antiperspirants. Today, many manufacturers offer a wide range of products, including hypoallergenic ones, which allow them to be used on the face.

If the first method does not produce tangible results, then you can inject Botox or Dysport. These substances, despite their high toxicity, have long been used in cosmetology and cope well with hyperhidrosis. Although the cost of such “pleasure” is quite high, and the validity of the drugs is no more than 9 months.

As in the case of problems on the head, there is the possibility of performing surgery on the face - endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. The effectiveness of surgical intervention is very high – 95%.

How to get rid of heavy sweating at night

Before starting treatment and other measures, you should definitely find out the reason why sweating increases at night, perhaps it is due to taking medications or it is simply hot in the room.

Methods to combat nocturnal hyperhidrosis:

open windows when you sleep;
choose a light blanket;
a few hours, at least 3 before bedtime, do not eat spicy and salty foods, refuse a glass of wine before bed;
do not pass it on under any circumstances;
It’s best to take a short walk in the fresh air before going to bed;
Perform hygiene procedures more often; before bed, you can take baths with natural herbs.

The same rules apply to those people who suffer from hyperhidrosis of the whole body.

Preventive actions

If you have problems with profuse sweating throughout the body or on a separate part, then try to choose things from natural materials, this rule also applies to shoes.

Be outside more often, watch your daily routine, eat on time so as not to overeat. Try to give up artificial and natural stimulants and alcohol.

Higher education (Cardiology). Cardiologist, therapist, functional diagnostics doctor. I am well versed in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system. Graduated from the academy (full-time), with extensive work experience behind her. Specialty: Cardiologist, Therapist, Functional diagnostics doctor.