Causes of a sore throat. Causes of persistent sore throat
A sore throat can occur due to many reasons. The most common is sore throat and colds, however, in such cases, pain during proper treatment goes by quite quickly. If your throat often hurts, this may indicate that the disease has progressed to chronic phase or that the diagnosis was made incorrectly.
In any case, additional consultation with a specialist is required to find out why your throat constantly hurts.
You should consult a doctor if you experience the following symptoms for a long time:
- constant pain;
- discomfort when swallowing;
- swelling of the larynx, difficulty breathing;
- temperature rise.
Reasons
Reasons why pain may occur:
- viral diseases (flu, acute respiratory infections);
- damage by bacteria (streptococci, staphylococci).
A child often has a sore throat for this very reason; this also applies to women during pregnancy, which is associated with reduced immunity.
Bacteria and viruses do not always cause a sore throat. Very often the reasons lie in external factors.
Allergic reaction
A common reason that people prone to allergies should immediately pay attention to. Anything can be an allergen, so it is recommended to undergo a test to determine the cause feeling unwell. The effectiveness of treatment in such cases depends entirely on the ability to eliminate the allergen.
Prolonged strain on the vocal cords
Such pains are professional problem actors, singers. Heavy load on the ligaments leads to pain, which can be combated by reducing the volume of rehearsals, as well as taking special drugs designed to soften ligaments.
Dry air
Such situations are often encountered in winter time when the air in the room is dry. Due to irritation of the mucous membrane, soreness and pain occur. A regular humidifier will help cope with the problem.
Gastroesophageal reflux
It causes irritation of the throat with gastric juice. If you suspect this diagnosis, you must undergo examination by contacting a gastroenterologist. Restoring normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract will eliminate the cause and relieve pain.
Neoplasms
The factor that triggered the development and growth of a tumor in the larynx may be alcohol and cigarette abuse, which often occurs stressful conditions, deterioration of immunity. Tumor development requires emergency treatment to a specialist.
Malignant tumors of the larynx are one of the terrible reasons sore throat
Adverse environmental factors
High air pollution leads to the deposition of harmful substances that irritate its surface. It is recommended to spend as much time as possible outside the city. Can be used as treatment homeopathic remedies, however, this can be done after consultation with a specialist.
Character/temperament
Often the throat hurts in active people who like to argue and talk in a loud voice. Controlling your emotions will reduce pain and reduce the likelihood of discomfort. If pain occurs for this reason, you can take sedatives. Since this discomfort is associated with psychosomatics, changing your attitude towards the situation will help change your well-being.
A persistent sore throat can occur due to infectious diseases:
- ARVI,
- angina,
- flu,
- pharyngitis,
- mononucleosis,
- chickenpox,
- measles.
How to treat
During treatment, it is necessary to pay attention to nutrition and exclude foods that will aggravate the feeling of discomfort. You should avoid solid foods, seasonings, spicy foods, and do not eat too hot or too cold foods. The basis of the diet should be liquid porridges, broths, and boiled vegetables. You cannot eat crackers or hard cookies. Only soft bread can be eaten. Substances contained in some vegetables have a beneficial effect on the condition of the throat; for example, pumpkin porridge helps with sore throat.
Seasonings can greatly influence irritant effect on the mucous membrane. They should be eliminated completely; only salt can be used in small doses.
You can add onions and garlic to improve the taste. They contain phytoncides, are characterized by an antiseptic effect and destroy microbes on the surface of the larynx. They also contain essential oils, which contribute to a speedy recovery from acute respiratory viral infections and tonsillitis.
Eating pumpkin porridge helps relieve inflammatory process and death of microbes
Honey is characterized by an antiseptic effect, as well as an immunomodulatory effect. If you have a sore throat, you need to follow some principles for consuming honey. For example, you should not add it to hot tea, because medicinal substances under the influence of high temperature they lose their properties. Consume honey in pure form better in small portions. This will help reduce the likelihood of developing an allergic reaction.
You need to drink plenty of warm liquid. The maximum temperature of the liquid that can be consumed is 70 degrees; if this mark is exceeded, the drink will only irritate the mucous membranes more.
Principles of rapid recovery
Even if frequent pain is caused by a disease infectious nature, except medications, there is a list of factors that can improve the condition and speed up recovery.
You can drink tea with mint, a decoction of ginger root with lemon and cloves, fruit compotes, water
First, it is necessary to provide access to fresh, moist air into the room. It will be easier to breathe in such a room, and in a room with dry air, the spread of infections occurs faster. If it is not possible to purchase a special device for humidifying the air, then you can get by folk method– hang wet towels on the radiators.
In case of defeat respiratory tract inhalations are often indicated. The effect of the procedure will be enhanced by adding eucalyptus, sage, and mint oils. Such additives will eliminate soreness and irritation. You can use an aroma lamp. Aromatherapy is especially convenient for treating children who do not like to do inhalations.
Smoking can be both a provoking factor and aggravate the course of the disease. To quickly cure your throat, it is recommended to stop smoking, since constant exposure tobacco smoke on the mucous membrane will lead to irritation, and there will be no effect from the treatment.
If your throat constantly hurts, you can gargle with Chlorhexidine or calendula tincture. A decoction with chamomile, string, and eucalyptus is also suitable. However, it is advisable to use gargles when the upper part of the throat hurts. If the condition is accompanied by coughing and wheezing, then the source of the lesion is in the lower part, and rinsing may not have an effect on the source of inflammation. You can also use lollipops, which are local remedy treatment. They are characterized by antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Similarly, you can use drugs in the form of a spray and aerosol.
Why see a doctor?
Frequent pain may indicate serious illness. Self-medication in such cases may be ineffective or lead to the spread of infection further throughout the body. For example, if treatment for chronic sore throat is not started on time, it may result in the development of a purulent abscess.
FB.ru (Moscow), 02/25/2016
It often happens that a person is quite long time I'm having the same problem. And you simply can’t cope with it. For example, my throat constantly hurts. The reasons, as well as ways to get rid of the problem, are described in this article.
Main reasons
First, you need to figure out why this could be. If your throat constantly hurts, the reasons may be the following:
The action of pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
The action of a stimulus living in the external environment. It could be cigarette smoke, drinking cold drinks, etc.
Throat injuries.
Psychological factors. Often illnesses and problems with the body are far-fetched. For example, a child may have a constant sore throat if the child really does not want to go to kindergarten or school.
But still, the cause of pain is mainly a variety of diseases, which cause such an unpleasant symptom.
Very often, persistent sore throat is caused by a sore throat. This infectious disease, in which the pain in the throat is very severe, often radiating to the ear and neck, and the palatine tonsils become inflamed (the disease is also called acute tonsillitis). There may be plaque on the tonsils. However, it is observed only in the case purulent sore throat. At viral disease There is no plaque on the tonsils. However, the tonsils are inflamed in any case and have the shape of small round balls. In this case, you can get rid of the problem with the help of medications. For rinsing, it is best to use antibacterial agents “Rivanol” and “Furacilin”. Lozenges that are designed to relieve sore throats - “Falimint”, “Strepsils”. Throat sprays “Yoks” and “Orasept” are also suitable.
Pharyngitis
In this case sore throat becomes red and its mucous membrane becomes inflamed. The pain in this case is not too strong, but is often accompanied by soreness. At the time of adoption warm food or hot liquid, symptoms may disappear altogether or be completely erased. However, after a while they come back again. Also when acute pharyngitis Discolored mucus may collect on the back wall of the larynx, which provokes a cough. The treatment is local, that is, it is important to use tablets for sore throat, for example “Strepsils”, sprays “Inhalipt” or “Kameton”. Be sure to rinse with antiseptic drugs such as Iodinol or Furacilin.
Chronic diseases
Very often, constant pain is provoked by chronic diseases of the throat, that is, tonsillitis or pharyngitis in an advanced form. The symptoms are not so pronounced, but are relatively present for a long time.
Allergic reactions
If a person constantly has a sore throat, the reasons may be hidden in the body’s allergic reaction to a certain irritant. With this problem, in addition to a sore throat, swelling of the larynx may also occur, tearing may occur, and sometimes a runny nose. The allergen can be dust, plant pollen, animal hair or food. In this case, the sore throat will go away if you isolate yourself from the allergen. You can also take antiallergic drugs such as L-Cet, Cetrin.
Dry air
If a person has a sore throat in the morning, the cause may be the dry air in the room. Lack of moisture easily irritates the mucous membranes, which provokes pain. It should also be noted that dry air is an excellent place for the proliferation of viruses and bacteria, which are easiest to penetrate into oral cavity person. So if your throat hurts in the morning, you need to think about humidifying the room. This can be done either with the help of special devices - air humidifiers, or with the help of regular wet cleaning and more frequent ventilation of the room. Tumors
If your throat constantly hurts, the causes may be hidden in tumors. Most often they are localized in the larynx area. Cause constant pain, which can increase over time. It becomes painful not only to eat, but even to speak. The voice may change. In this case, it is best to detect the problem as early as possible. After all, in this case it will be much easier and faster to deal with it.
A little about children
If a child constantly has a sore throat, there may be several reasons for this: An illness that has just arisen and is developing.
Consequences of the disease.
Psychological factor, when the pain is far-fetched and is an excuse not to perform certain actions. In this case, unpleasant sensations may indeed arise, but they pass on their own, through certain time. Application medicines in this case, it is most often not required.
If we talk about children, then I would like to note that even with the most the slightest problems it is necessary to seek doctor's help. After all, the best way to detect a problem is to early stage when you can go with her short terms deal with it quickly. Children are prescribed "Grammidin", "Lizobakt", "Tandum Verde".
Reasons non-infectious nature
It’s not just a sore throat that can cause discomfort. So, pain occurs without the presence of any infection. In this case, the reasons may be:
Long-term stress on the oropharynx. This is observed in the case of frequent oral sex, as well as prolonged exposure to a large object in the mouth.
Laryngeal injuries. Most often, the throat is injured by fish bones, bread crumbs, and sharp metal objects (for example, forks).
External trauma to the throat, which causes constant pain. This may be due to prolonged compression or blow.
Burns to the mucous membrane, which can occur when consuming too hot a liquid or while inhaling steam.
Pain in the throat can persist for a long time postoperative period(for example, after removing tonsils or opening an abscess).
Irritation of the mucous membrane of the throat due to taking certain medications.
A deficiency of vitamins A, C and B can also cause a sore throat.
It is important to note that if the pain is non-infectious, it will not be aggravated by swallowing or talking. In this case, lozenges, such as Septolete, or even simple mints are suitable to get rid of the problem.
Diseases that are not associated with throat diseases
It should also be noted that a variety of diseases that are not at all associated with this organ can cause pain in the throat. So, for example, the throat can become irritated due to gastrointestinal reflux. In this case, the contents of the stomach can be thrown into the esophagus, as a result of which it is irritated by gastric juice.
We also need to talk about Eagle syndrome, when the cause is anatomical feature human throat. In this case, the patient has a too long styloid process. As a result, irritation occurs nerve endings, which causes constant pain. Also discomfort in this body may arise as a result vegetative-vascular dystonia, osteochondrosis cervical spine spine, with neuralgia.
A sore throat may be due to various processes, occurring in the pharynx cavity, both acute and chronic. Factors that contribute to a frequent sore throat are:
- exposure to pathogenic microorganisms;
- environmentally unfavorable background;
- hazardous production;
- bad habits;
- injuries.
Environmental factor
Most comfortable conditions for the mucous membrane of the throat is clean, moist air, without harmful impurities and smoke. Thus, an exacerbation of chronic throat diseases is observed with the arrival of cold weather and the inclusion of central heating or heating devices that dry out the air. Under these conditions, the mucous membrane of the throat dries out and becomes more susceptible to the action of bacterial and viral pathogens.
Dry air is one of the causes of sore throat.
Industrial emissions and car exhaust gases that exceed the maximum permissible values in the air also have an impact irritant effect on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and lead to the development periodic pain in the throat. There are scientific research, indicating an increase in cases of ENT pathologies, including cancer, among residents of large industrial centers. At the same time, an indisputable fact is a significant improvement in the condition of patients with chronic pharyngitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis after sanatorium-resort treatment in mid-latitude climates, mountainous areas or on the sea coast.
Industrial hazards
Similar reasons for the appearance of a sore throat in an adult working at a cement plant or chemical production. In this case, regular inhalation of air containing hazardous impurities occurs. This can lead to the development of an inflammatory process in any part of the upper respiratory tract and lungs. ABOUT negative impact These factors are evidenced by an improvement in the condition when the employee is transferred to another job that is not related to hazardous production.
Among the components of harmful impurities there may be substances that are allergens for some patients. This can further aggravate the situation and cause a state of bronchospasm. Due to the appearance of constant or recurrent sore throat that is not associated with exposure to pathogenic pathogens, the patient should consult an otolaryngologist. In cases where the cause of deterioration in health may be associated with production process, you should change your professional activity. Otherwise, the condition will progressively worsen.
The reason for the development discomfort There may be not only dangerous impurities in the air in the throat. The professional activities of lecturers, teachers, and singers are associated with overstrain of the larynx tissue, which leads to chronic pharyngitis, laryngitis, manifested by constant sore throat, voice changes, and dry cough.
Injuries
The cause of constant sore throat in an adult can also be regular trauma to the mucous membrane. Microscratches resulting from damage to the mucous membrane by rough food or sharp bones are also dangerous for the development of traumatic injury throat. Eating too hot food or drinks, as well as strong alcoholic drinks, containing synthetic products, an adult patient contributes to the development of an inflammatory process in the pharynx and larynx.
Involvement of the larynx in the process is indicated by a change in the patient's voice. He becomes rough and hoarse.
Infectious and tumor processes
The most common causes of persistent sore throat are pathogenic microorganisms, bacteria and viruses. Hypothermia, dry and polluted air are only predisposing factors for this. The patient's low immunity contributes to the fact that the body's interaction with pathogenic agents leads to the development of a pathological condition.
Frequent acute respiratory viral infections, which can occur several times a year, are the most common cause of sore throat. Although the disease is caused by various viruses, clinical manifestations hers are similar. Typical symptoms other than 
pain in the throat are
- acute onset;
- malaise;
- headache;
- runny nose;
- nasal congestion;
- dry cough;
- temperature rise to 38 degrees.
Repeated development of the disease throughout the year indicates weak immunity patient. Basic therapeutic effects in this case, aimed at increasing protective forces body.
First of all, you need to study concomitant pathology. To do this, you should conduct examinations and identify foci chronic infection, as well as diseases accompanied by decreased immunity. Frequent acute respiratory viral infections are observed against the background diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis. Exists sufficient quantity facts confirming that the sanitation of teeth and gums helps reduce the incidence of chronic tonsillitis. The situation is similar with other concomitant diseases.
Bad habits, alcohol abuse and smoking play an important role in reducing immunity. Having stopped exposure to these factors, many patients notice an improvement in their health within the next few months. At the same time, an active lifestyle, physical education, walks fresh air, adherence to a daily routine is an important component of maintaining necessary immunity. Nutritious food, consisting of all the necessary proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, also helps maintain immunity at the required level. In severe cases, immunocorrection is indicated.
The cause of a constant sore throat or lump sensation may be a tumor. The risk group in this case are smokers and workers in hazardous workshops. In some cases, the symptoms are characterized by scarcity and are detected only with close study. In other cases, attention is drawn to a change in the timbre of the voice and its hoarseness.
In all cases, pain may occur when swallowing. Symptoms increase slowly over several months. That is why it is so necessary to conduct annual medical examinations to identify severe pathology in the early stages.
Infectious mononucleosis
Viral disease infectious mononucleosis, is also accompanied by pain in the throat for a long time. In some cases, it is the presence this symptom over 10 days and is a reason to suspect this infection. In this case, the infectious disease specialist will pay attention not only to the swelling of the tonsils, but also to the increase lymph nodes in the axilla and groin area, prolonged low-grade fever, presence of rash.
A significant proportion of patients have an enlarged liver and spleen, which is reflected in the liver tests performed. A mandatory symptom is a change in the blood formula. Depending on the period of examination, atypical cells or lymphocytosis may be detected. The condition progressively improves, laboratory parameters return to normal within 2-3 months. Subsequently, the patient develops stable immunity to this disease.
Chronic tonsillitis
A common cause of frequent sore throat is chronic tonsillitis. The disease develops as a result of incorrect or untimely treatment acute tonsillitis and occurs against a background of reduced immunity. In addition to frequent sore throat, patients are concerned about prolonged low-grade fever, fatigue (both physical and mental), pain in the heart, swelling and pain in the joints.
Pharyngoscopy helps clarify the diagnosis. A study conducted by an otolaryngologist reveals enlarged tonsils, adhesions between them, as well as the anterior and posterior arches. An important sign, indicating the development of chronic tonsillitis, is the detection of purulent contents in the crypts of the tonsils. 
Confirmation of the inflammatory process is the presence of enlarged and painful lymph nodes located along the front surface of the neck and near the angle of the lower jaw.
Sexually transmitted infections
Another serious pathology that can be accompanied by a sore throat is HIV infection. The development of this symptom is due to the addition of a secondary infection. Most often, the causative agent is pathogenic fungi, which lead to the development of candidal stomatitis.
In adults, the cause of discomfort in the throat can be sexually transmitted pathogens, chlamydia, gonorrhea, mycoplasma. Carrying out serological diagnostics and bacterioscopic examination of a smear make it possible to clarify the nature of such a pathogen. Based on the results of the study, the specialist will prescribe appropriate treatment and antimicrobial drugs.
Due to the variety of diseases, when the throat hurts very often, the patient should consult an ENT doctor in a timely manner. Often at the core pathological conditions chronic processes lie. Important role In their treatment and prevention, measures aimed at increasing immunity play a role, which requires time. The earlier the diagnosis is carried out, the sooner the result will be achieved.
The article describes common reasons why a sore throat constantly hurts, as well as methods of treatment and prevention.
Unpleasant sensations in the oropharynx cause discomfort, can provoke a deterioration in appetite and indicate the presence of a serious pathology.
Persistent pain is most often a response to inflammation or injury.
Constant sore throat: causes
According to medical research, chronic pain in the throat occurs in approximately 15% of the population. Complaints of prolonged discomfort in this area occur in 20-25% of people. In a small number of cases causative factor stress appears, otherwise you should look for a chronic inflammatory process, tumors.Common reasons why your throat constantly hurts when swallowing:
Chronic tonsillitis- This chronic disease as a result of frequent sore throats. With this disease, the palatine tonsils hypertrophy (increase in size), scars appear on their surface and purulent plugs. Such patients have been bothered by discomfort in the throat area and frequent exacerbations for a long time.
Pharyngitis is chronic inflammation the posterior wall of the pharynx, characterized by hypertrophy of its follicles. Patients with chronic pharyngitis complain that their throat hurts for a long time and does not go away, they are bothered by a sore feeling and a dry periodic cough.
Chronic laryngitis is a long-term inflammatory process in the larynx and ligamentous apparatus, most often found in adults. In addition to pain, a person is bothered by hoarseness of voice and frequent rough cough.
Laryngeal candidiasis – fungal infection, which may not manifest itself for a long time. After a few months, pain, constant irritation, and a white coating on the mucous membrane appear.
ABOUT chronic process they say if the disease has been bothering you for more than 6 months in a row or several years. As a rule, unpleasant symptoms in the above pathologies occur without fever. 
Among non-communicable diseases Such complaints may be caused by:
- osteochondrosis of the cervical spine;
- diffuse goiter (pathology thyroid gland);
- tumor process in the oropharynx or larynx;
- reflux disease, diaphragmatic hernia, injuries.
In addition, these chronic diseases have other specific symptoms, which help the doctor decide on a diagnostic and treatment plan.
Source: website
In a child
If a child complains that his throat hurts all the time, it is necessary to exclude an acute or prolonged infectious process. It could be:
- tonsillitis (acute tonsillitis);
- acute nasopharyngitis;
- acute laryngitis.
With angina, there is almost always intoxication (high body temperature, chills, lethargy, decreased appetite) and sharp pain at rest, when swallowing. When examining the pharynx, enlarged, bright red spots are visible, on the surface of which there may be ordinary effusion, small white dotted or solid yellowish-gray plaques.
Acute nasopharyngitis characterized by combined inflammation of the nasal mucosa and the posterior wall of the pharynx. The child may have nasal congestion - runny nose, copious clear or slightly cloudy discharge from it; pain and a feeling of tickling while eating, at rest. During an examination of the oral cavity, the doctor will see a very hyperemic wall of the pharynx and enlarged follicles on it.
In case of prolonged flow acute laryngitis, in addition to severe discomfort in the larynx, the child will be disturbed for a long time frequent cough rude character, decreased voice timbre. Possible increase in body temperature, periodic occurrence of shortness of breath.
Also, Dr. Komarovsky always reminds that in childhood allergies to food products, flowering herbs and trees. One of the manifestations of an allergic reaction is pharynx.
The baby may complain of discomfort in the throat, a feeling of suffocation. U infants characteristic feature allergic edema Absence of voice, blue discoloration of the nasolabial triangle and frequent shortness of breath are considered. If left untreated, the condition may worsen over several days or even hours.
Chronic sore throat: symptoms
For chronic tonsillitis An adult has a constantly red throat, the palatine tonsils are deformed by scar tissue, and purulent plugs are found in their lacunae. The latter are a source of infection because they contain waste products of microbes and desquamated epithelium.
Typical symptoms of the disease:
- painful sensations in the oropharynx, soreness;
- bad breath;
- frequent exacerbations, occurring with increased symptoms and fever.
Chronic pharyngitis and laryngitis also occur with scanty complaints, so people often wonder why their throat constantly hurts and their body temperature does not rise. May be bothered by periodic cough, scratching sensation, discomfort when swallowing food, saliva.
Throat inflamed by fungi more common in older people or in people with immunodeficiency, against the background of long-term use of hormones and cytostatic drugs.
As the disease progresses, complaints appear that you often want to swallow, there are unpleasant sensations in the mouth, throat, and itching. White lamellar plaques appear on the mucous membranes, which are rejected over time, leaving behind erosions.
People with cervical osteochondrosis They often complain that in the morning their neck and throat ache, and that their hands feel numb. Tension headaches and dizziness are also common. Symptoms get worse after sitting for a long time or sleeping in an awkward position.
At diffuse goiter The thyroid gland increases in volume so much that it compresses the trachea. It may interfere normal breathing, cause a feeling of a lump in the throat, pain, choking when swallowing saliva or food.
Also typical complaints are:
- hair loss, weight loss;
- frequent headaches, cold hands and feet;
- emotional instability, tremor;
- diarrhea, abdominal pain.
For long term reflux disease also characterized by severe discomfort in the larynx, choking, frequent dry cough and discomfort in the chest. The classic symptoms of the disease are heartburn, constant belching with a sour smell.
From tumors in the oropharynx often there are multiple polyps on the mucous membrane of the pharynx, larynx, vocal cords, infiltrative cancer, adenocarcinoma.
In this case, the symptoms persist for 2 months or more and do not go away with anti-inflammatory therapy. Patients may complain of constant discomfort, difficulty swallowing, neck enlargement on one side, sudden weight loss.
When is a doctor needed?
If signs of illness appear that do not go away with treatment, it is always advisable to go to the hospital to undergo examination and receive qualified assistance.
Alarming symptoms for which you should definitely consult a doctor:
- constant pain that only gets worse over time;
- discomfort in the neck and larynx that does not go away for more than a month;
- increasing intoxication (fever, chills, weakness), difficulty swallowing saliva and food, frequent choking;
- the appearance of signs of suffocation: shortness of breath, severe pallor or, conversely, blue discoloration of the skin and nasolabial triangle;
- change in neck configuration, sharp decline body weight.
You should not neglect medical advice if your throat or tonsils often becomes inflamed and all this is accompanied by high temperature bodies. 
Diagnostics: what tests should I take?
In order to cure a person or relieve symptoms, it is necessary to determine the cause of the complaints. For this purpose, in addition to the usual questioning and examination, additional laboratory, instrumental and functional research methods are prescribed.
Attention
For frequent infections of the oropharynx, chronic tonsillitis in mandatory perform bacteriological examination swab from the nose and throat.
After some time (on average after 5-6 days), this analysis will show the causative agent of the disease, its concentration and the range of antibacterial drugs with which you can fight against the infection.
From laboratory examinations also prescribed:
- clinical analysis blood, blood test for hormones (free T4, TSH, T3);
- blood for tumor markers;
- blood for sterility, antibodies to certain infections.
IN in rare cases use biochemical examination of peripheral blood, smears on fungal flora. Instrumental and functional examinations can be used:
- direct, indirect laryngoscopy, ;
- fibrogastroscopy to exclude or confirm pathological reflux;
- ultrasound scan of the thyroid gland, palatine tonsils, regional lymph nodes;
- puncture fine-needle biopsy of tumors followed by histological analysis.
The number and nature of studies is determined only by the doctor. In some cases, they resort to consultation with related specialists: an endocrinologist, a surgeon, an oncologist, an infectious disease specialist.
Treatment
To eliminate pain during or after a sore throat, it is advisable to use local antiseptics in the form of tablets or lozenges (Lizobakt, Decathylene, Septefril, Angistop, Faringosept, Hexoral-Tabs). 
Antiseptic aerosols or solutions for irrigating the oral cavity and rinsing (Chlorophyllipt, Rotokan, Tantum-Verde, Ingalipt) have a good anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.
If available allergic reaction or there is a history of spontaneous laryngospasm upon administration of aerosols, resorption of lozenges, it is better to use rinsing:
- (two tablets dissolve in 250 ml of pure warm water; the procedure is performed 3-5 times a day, each time with a new solution);
- (take half a small spoon per 200 ml clean water; the oral cavity is treated 3-4 times a day).
In case of fungal infection positive effect Rinsing procedures with Metrogyl, Miramistin or a common saline solution will help.
Sore throat is almost always treated with antibiotics. Semi-synthetic or protected penicillins (Flemoxin, Augmentin, Amoxiclav) are considered starting ones. Macrolides (Azithromycin, Clarithromycin) and cephalosporins (Zinnat, Zinacef) are highly effective.
For a cold, there is no need to prescribe antibiotics, it is enough symptomatic therapy in the form of local antiseptics and antipyretic drugs.
To eliminate discomfort for reflux disease, it is enough to take antacids in the morning (Almagel, Phosphalugel) and prokinetics (Domperidone, Duspatalin) for one or two weeks.
If you can't get rid of it for heartburn, it is recommended to undergo complete eradication therapy, which usually consists of two antibiotics and one antisecretory drug (Omeprazole, for example).
For allergic etiology discomfort and pain, you should start taking antihistamines(“Suprastin”, “Zyrtec”, “Cetrin”, “Fenistil”) or hormones for intramuscular injection short course (“Dexamethasone”). Any antiseptics in the form of aerosols are excluded from treatment.
With laboratory confirmed diffuse toxic goiter to stop the growth of the thyroid gland and stop unpleasant symptoms cytotoxic drugs are prescribed, sometimes in combination with steroid hormones.
For cervical osteochondrosis massage helps a lot physical therapy, swimming, periodically wearing a Shants stabilizing collar. All this will also help relieve sore throat.
If the pain continues to bother you, you must again consult a doctor for help and further examination.
How to treat with folk remedies?
The use of alternative medicine is justified only if the acute inflammatory process is stopped, as well as in the absence of contraindications in the form of allergic reactions, etc.
Popular and effective home recipes for soreness in the oropharynx:
- Figs with milk. 8-10 berries should be boiled in 200 ml of milk, after which the resulting decoction is cooled, taken 3-5 times a day and always before bedtime.
- Honey with lemon. Freshly squeezed juice from 2-3 lemons must be mixed with a small glass bee honey. It is recommended to dissolve the resulting product every half hour during the first 1-2 days of the disease.
- Raspberry tea with rosehip. The product has a strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. Tea is taken every 3-4 hours.
- Chamomile decoction. At the pharmacy you can buy medicinal chamomile in special bags, which are brewed like regular tea. You can gargle with the resulting decoction 3 to 5 times a day.
What diseases should not be used for? traditional medicine and herbal medicines: pathology of the thyroid gland, fungal pharyngitis, tumor processes, acute laryngitis, allergic reaction with laryngeal edema. 
How to speed up recovery?
In order to reduce the treatment period and prevent the development of complications, it is necessary to go to the hospital at the first signs of illness.
Help in speedy recovery in case of infectious processes, rational antibiotic therapy, selected taking into account sensitivity (for this, a bacteriological examination of a smear from the back wall of the pharynx and tonsils is performed).
Thorough rinsing of the mouth, taking mechanically and chemically gentle food, frequent warm drink will also help get rid of unpleasant symptoms.
Prevention
To date, there are no medications that can “boost” immunity. It is enough to exercise regularly, eat a balanced diet, limit contact with infectious patients and receive timely treatment.
People with chronic pathology, even in the absence of complaints, they must undergo an annual medical examination and, if necessary, preventive treatment.
Questions for the doctor
How long can a sore throat hurt with a sore throat?
On average, pain persists for 3-5 days. This is provided that the systemic and local treatment in the form of taking antibacterial drugs, rinsing. Otherwise, the infectious process will spread and the pain will not go away.
With pharyngitis?
Inflammation of the posterior pharyngeal wall often occurs with severe pain, especially during meals and swallowing liquids. They can bother the patient for 3 to 10 days if therapy has been started, anti-inflammatory drugs and local antiseptics are used.
If nothing helps?
In this case, it is worth contacting your doctor again, repeating a clinical blood test (to exclude the worsening of the infection or the addition of a new one), and reviewing the treatment plan. Consultation with other specialists and additional laboratory or functional studies may be required.
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